In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele a is 0.2. The frequency of individuals that are heterozygous for this allele is 0.32.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Principle A stable, idealized population's constant frequency of alleles and genotypes is described by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle. In a sizable population, random mating, or spontaneous mutations are necessary for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The Hardy-Weinberg equation dictates that the sum of the allele frequencies for each allele at the locus must equal 1, therefore p + q = 1. The Hardy-Weinberg equation is also written as p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, where p is the population's frequency of the "A" allele and q is that of the "a" allele.
The homozygous genotype AA frequency is represented by p2, the homozygous genotype aa frequency by q2, and the heterozygous genotype aa frequency by 2pq in the equation.
Here, q = 0.2. Because of this, p = '1- q = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8.
The population of individuals who are heterozygous will now be 2pq, or 2 * 0.8 * 0.2 = 0.32.
Hence, This indicates that the population is heterozygous with a frequency of 0.32.
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make 2 Punnett squares using these crosses.
AA x aa and Aa x aa
Answer:
Attached is an image of the two Punnett squares. When making Punnett squares, each parent's alleles are crossed. This results in 4 possible genotypes of the children.
what is biology ? ky
Answer:
It's the study of living organisms; you could remember the word bio which means life.
Explanation:
hope it helps
sry if I'm wrong
Even when they are not using an electron transport chain (ETC), fermenting bacteria need a proton motive force (PMF) for ______.
Even when they are not using an electron transport chain (ETC), fermenting bacteria need a proton motive force (PMF) for transport processes.
The proton motive force (PMF) is an electrochemical gradient of protons that bacteria produce and sustain across their cytoplasmic membrane. Numerous crucial bacterial functions, including ATP production, flagellar motility, and transport processes, depend on this PMF. Proton motive force (PMF) is a fundamental component of all bacterial growth and survival in both replicating and non-replicating environments. Energy is conserved during respiration by producing PMF across a proton-impermeable barrier.
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Jason is having problems with his metabolic rate. He cannot seem to burn calories and gains weight even on a severely reduced caloric intake. What endocrine gland is probably not involved in this problem
thymus is the answer
Jason is having problems with his metabolic rate. He cannot seem to burn calories and gains weight even on a severely reduced caloric intake thymus endocrine gland is probably not involved in this problem.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the number of calories burned when the body is performing its basic life support function. Also commonly referred to as resting metabolic rate (RMR), this is the calories burned by staying in bed all day long.
The endocrine gland is a gland without a conduit in the endocrine system that secretes its product hormones directly into the blood. The main glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testicles, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus, and adrenal gland.
Your thymus is also part of your endocrine system. Your endocrine system produces and releases hormones that control the functioning of your body. The thymus produces and releases a variety of hormones, including Thymopoietin: Which promotes the production of T cells and directs the pituitary gland to release hormones.
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What happen to plant wound after 2 days
Answer:it starts healing after 2 days
Explanation:
its hard life being a plant! from pathogens and herbivores are un-favourable wether they are constantly ingured or picked they get eaten when a plant gets a wound it regrows cuz it has the hormones of both male and fe-male so they can re-grow their body parts after 2 days its starts healing
What term represents the six anatomical locations of predictable movement patterns where movement dysfunctions can be detected? Spinal column Kinetic chain checkpoints Skeletal landmarks Joints of articulation
The term that represents the six anatomical locations of predictable movement patterns where movement dysfunctions can be detected is the Kinetic chain checkpoints.
What is Kinetic chain checkpoints?Kinetic chain checkpoints are those points in the body that are used to effectively and professionally describe the movement processes of the human body.
The various checkpoints are:
the feet and ankles, the knees, the hip and pelvis, the shoulders, and the head.These locations are used to predict movement patterns where movement dysfunctions can be detected.
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Kinetic chain checkpoints represents the six anatomical locations of predictable movement patterns and is denoted as option B
What is Kinetic chain checkpoints?
These are groups of body segments, connecting joints, etc which have a connection to the spine in the human body.
They work together to ensure body parts are easily moved and makes the detection of movement dysfunctions easier.
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How does Inquiry differ from the Scientific Method?
Inquiry differs from the scientific method in the following ways:
Inquiry is a mere search for information or fact while scientific method is a procedural method of discovering information.
What is the scientific method?The scientific method is a method of discovering knowledge about the natural world based on hypotheses, testing them empirically, and developing theories that match known data from repeatable physical experimentation.
Inquiry refers to a search for truth, information, or knowledge or the examination of facts or principles. It can also be termed as an investigation.
Therefore, inquiry is a mere search for information or fact while scientific method is a procedural method of discovering information.
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Stem cells isolated from the embryo can be cultured in the laboratory. What should be provided to the cells for their growth and division?
A. Antibiotics
B. Antibodies
C. Electric shock
D. Proteins and sugars
That should be provided to the cells for their growth and division is Antibodie.
How is stem cell culture done in the laboratory?This procedure consists of the infusion of hematopoietic stem cells from a donor. For the graft to be successful, it is essential that the infused cells proliferate and form all the blood cells in the recipient.
Stem cells multiply through the process of cell division called meiosis. Umbilical cord tissue is a rich source of young stem cells, which can give rise to a multitude of cell types.
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The growth of___________around axons speeds neurotransmission, enabling better communication between the frontal lobe and other brain regions.
The growth of myelin around axons speeds neurotransmission, enabling better communication between the frontal lobe and other brain regions.
A layer or sheath called myelin made up of protein and substances develop around nerve cells, including those in the brain and spinal cord.
Myelin can function as an insulator because of its low capacitance and high electrical resistance qualities. That’s why it is also called as an insulating layer.
Since axons are insulated by the myelin sheath, which makes it possible for them to carry electrical signals more quickly than they would be able to otherwise.
Thus, the speed of electrical transmission increases with an axon's degree of myelination.
These myelinated nerves can have a signal transmission speed of up to 100 m/s.
And this high speed of neurotransmission also enables better communication between the frontal lobe and other brain regions.
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Bonds between animo acids are what type of bonds?
A. Covalent
B. Peptide
C. Hydrogen
D. Ionic
The bonds between amino acids are PEPTIDE chemical bonds (Option B).
What is a peptide bond?A peptide bond is a special type of chemical bond between adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
Peptide bonds are known to be formed by a chemical process called dehydration synthesis.
In conclusion, amino acids bind by PEPTIDE chemical bonds (Option B).
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which combinations of alleles are always involved in the inheritance of a sex-linked trait?
Answer:
The "x" and "y"
Explanation:
Answer:
alleles that are carried on X and Y chromosomes
Explanation:
Edge
______________ epithelium appears to have multiple layers of cells with nuclei at differing heights, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.
Answer:
pseudostratified columnar
Explanation:
Which of the following is a result of mitosis?
A. Two newly synthesized DNA strands in each cell
B. One strand of original DNA and a new strand in each cell
C. A DNA molecule cleaved in half for each daughter cell
D. One cell has the original DNA, the other has new DNA
Answer:
answer is option is easy it is c
If you see a diseased plant, it is most likely in the stage of its life cycle.
O death
Ogrowth
Obeginning
adult ?
Answer:
death
Explanation:
it's diseased so it's not growing nor beginning adult
During the complete catabolism of a molecule of glucose by aerobic cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation accounts for how many times more ATP than does substrate-level phosphorylation
About 4 times more ATP is generated during oxidative phosphorylation than substrate-level phosphorylation.
Oxidative phosphorylation:In the metabolism process known as oxidative phosphorylation, also known as electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation, cells employ catalysts to oxidize carbohydrates, liberating chemical energy and producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a consequence.
According to some modern studies, the ATP output after aerobic respiration is only approximately 30-32 ATP molecules /molecule of glucose, rather than 36-38, because:During oxidative phosphorylation,
the ATP: NADH+H+ and ATP: FADH2 ratios appear to be 2.5 and 1.5 instead of 3 and 2, respectively. Substrate level phosphorylation:Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolic activity that produces ATP or GTP by the direct transfer of a phosphoryl (PO3) group from another phosphorylated chemical to ADP or GDP.Substrate level phosphorylation happens via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. It happens in two phases during glycolysis, and because 2 molecules are involved, it eventually creates 4 ATP from a glucose molecule.As a result, the total ATP molecules generated from substrate-level phosphorylation of a glucose molecule during aerobic respiration will be 4+2 = 6.Therefore, it is concluded that ATP generated during oxidative phosphorylation is 30-6=24 or 32-6=26 i.e., about 4 times than substrate-level phosphorylation.
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Which two processes form a cycle, with the products of one process becoming the reactants of the other?
O photosynthesis and erosion
O bioremediation and cellular respiration
O cellular respiration and photosynthesis
O erosion and bioremediation
Answer:
The two cycles are photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration releases energy stored in glucose (during photosynthesis). Most of this energy is transferred to an energy molecule that can be used by all cells: ATP.
And the wastes of respiration are carbon dioxide and water, which are precisely the raw materials of photosynthesis in chloroplasts (forming two linked closed cycles).
Explanation:
Answer:
The two cycles are photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
When a neuron is activated by a stimulus, its plasma membrane will change until it reaches a membrane potential of about 40 mV. What is special about this value
Answer: It is approximately the membrane potential at which the electrochemical gradient for Na+ is zero.
Explanation:
The charge in plasma membrane occurs with diffusion and electric fields.
For example, if there are two solutions, let's assume solution X and Solution Y are separated by a porous barrier (to diffuse in equal proportions).
The fundamental principle of diffusion states that solution from a high concentration diffuses to a lower concentration.
For instance, if the X solution contains 40 sodium ions and 40 chloride ions, the Y solution only has 30 sodium and 30 chloride ions. Due to the diffusion, these two solutions will mix and reach a steady-state.
The like charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
Sebastian has chronic myelogenous leukemia and is being given imatinib (Gleevec). Imatinib blocks specific enzymes and growth factor receptors that affect cancer cell proliferation and belongs to the class of drugs called ____.
Answer:
signal transduction inhibitors
Why are groups of small cells better than one large cell at moving material in and out?
A) they have a lower surface to volume ratio
B) they have a smaller volume
C) they have more cell structures
D) they have a greater surface to volume ratio
Groups of small cells better than one large cell at moving material in and out because they have a lower surface to volume ratio. Option D
What is cell?A cell can be defined as the simplest, basic, structural and functional unit of life. The study of cell is known as cytology.
There are two types of living organisms based on the numbers of cells they have; these are
Unicellular organismsMulticellular organismsTherefore, groups of small cells better than one large cell at moving material in and out because they have a lower surface to volume ratio.
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The standard scientific method is how we conduct all scientific research. Group of answer choices True False
The statement “the standard scientific method is how we conduct all scientific research,” is true.
Standard Scientific Methods
The problem-solving method utilized for various scientific studies is called scientific methods. It has 5 common steps and one feedback step. They are,
Making observationAsking questionsHypothesis formationMaking predictions based on the given hypothesisTesting the predictions based on the given hypothesis.Using the results to create a different and new hypothesisSuch a methodology is utilized in all fields of science including chemistry, biology, physics, geology, psychology, etc. During such a study the hypothesis formed in the beginning could be correct or incorrect and this result can be used to form new hypotheses and observations. Most of the time such studies are not linear and can circle back to the origin.
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The statement “the standard scientific method is how we conduct all scientific research,” is true.
Standard Scientific Methods
The problem-solving method utilized for various scientific studies is called scientific methods. It has 5 common steps and one feedback step. They are,
Making observationAsking questionsHypothesis formationMaking predictions based on the given hypothesisTesting the predictions based on the given hypothesis.Using the results to create a different and new hypothesisSuch a methodology is utilized in all fields of science including chemistry, biology, physics, geology, psychology, etc. During such a study the hypothesis formed in the beginning could be correct or incorrect and this result can be used to form new hypotheses and observations. Most of the time such studies are not linear and can circle back to the origin.
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what does a pyramid of biomass represent?
a. amount of living tissue within a tropic area
b. range of food webs found in one tropic level
c. number of total organisms within each tropic level
d. percentage of energy that's passed through each tropic level
A pyramid of biomass represents the amount of living tissue within a tropic area (Option a).
What is biomass?Biomass refers to the amount of mass instead of energy contian in a given ecosystem/tropic level.
Biomass is mainly dependent on the number of producer organisms (e.g., plants) in the ecosystem.
In conclusion, a pyramid of biomass is the living tissue within a tropic area (Option a).
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The human intestinal tract is colonized with bacteria that consume resources and usually prevent other harmful bacteria from causing infections. This is an example of ______ among the bacteria.
Probiotic is an example.
Probiotics are good living bacteria for us, balancing the good and bad gut microbiota, helping digest food, and helping digestive problems such as diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Some probiotic bacteria can produce bacteriocins. Bacteriocin is a small secretory antibacterial protein that inhibits a variety of other bacteria. They are diverse in molecular properties, thermal stability, resistance to enzymes, target bacteria, and antibacterial mechanisms of action.
This is an overview of the major health benefits of probiotics.
Probiotics help balance the friendly bacteria of the digestive system. ...Probiotics may help prevent and treat diarrhea. ...Probiotic supplements improve some mental illnesses. ..Learn more about bacteria here:https://brainly.com/question/6941760
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The right optic tract: A. carries information from the lateral halves of both retinae. B. carries information from the medial halves of both retinae. C. carries information from the lateral half of the retina (right eye) and the medial half of the retina (left eye).
The right optic tract carries information from the lateral half of the retina (right eye) and the medial half of the retina (left eye).
The optic tract is a continuation of the brain's optic nerve. It starts where the signals from the left and right eyes cross (or "decussate") to produce a whole visual image.The left and right optic tracts make up the optic tract, which is actually made up of two independent tracts. Information from the temporal retinal fibers in the left eye and the nasal retinal fiber in the right eye is sent by the left optic tract. The temporal retinal fibers from the right eye and the nasal retinal fibers from the left eye transmit information to the right optic tract.Homonymous hemianopsia, a disorder that results in a partial loss of sight affecting either the right or left eye, can be brought on by damage to the optic tract.learn more about optic tract here: https://brainly.com/question/7283580
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Carbohydrates and fats are considered high-energy foods because they _____. have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.
The reason why Carbohydrates and fats are considered high-energy foods is because they have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.
What are carbohydrates?The carbohydrates are a class of food that are known to be rich in energy. Carbohydrates are broken down to release energy.
The reason why Carbohydrates and fats are considered high-energy foods is because they have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.
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Which type of human activity is having a major impact on Earth’s climate?
A. consuming processed foods in large amounts
B. creating large quantities of waste
C. burning mass quantities of fossil fuels
D. overfishing the oceans
Answer:
C. burning mass quantities of fossil fuels
Explanation:
CO2 is a byproduct of burning fossil fuels. There are three isotopes of carbon (C), 12, 13, and 14. The most prevalent carbon is C-12, followed by C-13 and C-14, which are both relatively uncommon. C-12 is preferred by plants over the heavier C-13 and C-14. Global CO2 emissions are increasing. Since fossil fuels are derived from ancient plant deposits, they are rich in C-12 and depleted in C-13 after burning. As a result, there is a greater concentration of C-12 in the CO2 produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. In addition to CO2 levels rising, the ratio of atmospheric carbon isotopes is also shifting, with an increase in the ratio of C-12 to C-13. indicating that the C-12 isotope of CO2 is present in greater amounts than the C-13 isotope in the environment. This makes sense given that fossil fuels, which are high in C-12 and low in C-13, burn when they are burned.
The use of fossil fuels wouldn't immediately cause climate change. Instead, the burning of fossil fuels releases triatomic molecules, whose chemical structure allows them to be both unexcited by UV light and highly stimulated by IR radiation, thereby contributing to the greenhouse effect. (Molecules like methane and carbon dioxide act as windows for UV light while acting as barriers for IR light.) Excited molecules can reduce their level of excitement by releasing photons, which causes them to release some of the energy that was supplied to them in the form of IR radiation.
Answer:
There is overwhelming evidence that human activities, especially burning of fuels, are leading to increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which in turn amplify the natural greenhouse effect, causing the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, ocean, and land surface to increase
the answer will c
The type of _______ found in oats, barley, lentils, split peas, and beans protects against heart disease.
Which are classified as accessory muscles that assist in active exhalation, as in when you are pushing out extra air from your lungs
The accessory expiratory muscles that assist in active exhalations are
Rectus abdominisExternal obliqueInternal obliqueTransversus abdominis.What is rectus abdominis?Rectus abdominis at the front of the pelvis, hanging between the ribs and the pubic bone.
What is external oblique?
One of the most important abdominal muscles, the external oblique muscle wraps around and descends to the pelvis from the lower half of the ribs.
What is internal oblique?On the outside of the abdomen, there is a muscle called the internal abdominal oblique.
What is transversus abdominis?In the internal oblique muscle's near vicinity in the abdomen is the transverse abdominis.
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Why does the lethal “b” allele affect more males than females?
In female mammalian cells, one X chromosome of the two would undergo random inactivation early in embryonic life, and therefore both males and females have a single active Y. with this the disease has a predilection in men because women do not carry the Y gene
What are the consequences of lethal alleles?Recessive lethal alleles cause death when they are homozygous. Death occurs at the stage when the product of this gene is needed. If the gene in question is responsible for the synthesis of a particular protein in early childhood, for example, the organism will die at that moment.
With this information, we can conclude that Y chromosome, is what guarantees the development of a male embryo and the lethal “b” allele
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What does happen with a human body after death?
Answer:
Once the heart stops beating, that means the blood in the body is no longer circulated, meaning that gravity starts to do its work. The blood starts to pool (liver mortis) at the bottom of wherever the body was positioned (which can help indicate if a body has been moved since they died in homicide cases etc.), and the body starts to turn that green-ish blue color, with a dark-purpley color forming at the bottom of wherever gravity takes it (for example, if the body died and remained in a position standing up, then the blood would pool at the feet, whereas if the body died and remained laying on its back, then the pooling would occur in the back area of the body). Additionally, rigor mortis (you can remember it as being rigid) occurs, which is when the body locks up, so the joints lock and are unable to move, which is why it is often hard to get rid of/pack up and throw away a body because over the span of several hours the body locks up (it eventually wears off). Lastly, we have algor mortis, which is the change in temperature of the cadaver. Since the blood is no longer circulating, the body has nothing to retain a constant temperature anymore. The body will begin to change the temperature accordingly based on the surrounding temperature (environments that are hotter than the body will heat it up and similarly to cooler environments). If the body is found before it reaches the local temperature, then the current temperature can be used to help estimate and determine the time of death (there is a formula for this, but I'll leave it up to you if you want to look into it). After a few days, the body will start to decompose, and it will inhabit insects, especially flies and such, and the stage of development of the larvae and/or fly can also help estimate and determine the time and date of death.
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Label the chromosomes in this drawing as being maternal or paternal
Answer:
please include a picture so I can see what you are referring to