in 2016, the poorest 20% of households received approximately what percent of total income?a. 1%b. 3%c. 7%d. 10%e. 17%

B. False The dollar's reserve currency status allows the federal government of the United States to run large budget deficits more easily.

As the dollar is widely held and used in international transactions, there is a strong global demand for US dollars. This demand enables the US to finance its budget deficits by issuing debt at lower interest rates, as foreign investors are willing to hold dollar-denominated assets. While there may be consequences to persistent deficits, the reserve currency status provides the US with more flexibility in managing its budget.

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Holden, the protagonist of J.D. Salinger's novel "The Catcher in the Rye," does know his way around New York City, as he frequently navigates the city throughout the story. This demonstrates his familiarity and comfort with urban environments, suggesting that he is resourceful and street-smart.

Holden, the protagonist in J.D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye," doesn't seem to know his way around the city very well. He often gets lost and has to ask for directions.

His ability to navigate the city on his own showcases his independence, which is a key aspect of his character.

However, despite his ability to move around the city, Holden often feels disconnected from society, reflecting his struggle with identity and his search for genuine connections.

In summary, Holden's familiarity with the city reveals his resourcefulness and independence but also highlights his feelings of isolation and disconnection.

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Many things make it challenging for people to get beyond poverty. Poverty traps are often caused by a lack of access to finance as well as inadequate infrastructure, healthcare, and education systems.

Why is it so hard to get out of poverty?

Stressors like insecurity and uncertainty regarding shelter, food, and money are brought on by poverty. Low-income neighbourhoods frequently exhibit characteristics like few resources, subpar housing, high rates of crime and violence, and a shoddy educational system, all of which are linked to poor mental health outcomes.

It shows itself as starvation and malnutrition, restricted access to healthcare and other necessities, social isolation and prejudice, and a lack of involvement in decision-making.

Beyond only a lack of basic essentials like food, housing, education, or healthcare, poverty has many underlying causes. Poverty is a result of several issues, including discrimination based on gender or race, bad government, war, exploitation, and domestic abuse.

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According to the leader-member exchange (lmx) theory, high lmx relationships include an active hatred between the leader and member. Option 1 is Correct.

According to the leader-member exchange (LMX) idea, leaders and followers form distinctive connections based on their social interactions, and the effectiveness of these interactions within an organization can affect employee outcomes (Graen & Uhl-Bien, 1995; Liden et al., 1997).

It is distinguished by LMX's distinctive relationship between leaders and followers. The fact that leaders frequently have close relationships with just one follower is the primary supporting evidence for the establishment of the LMX theory. It focuses on having a negative impact on followers. Interaction with and influence over subordinates are key components of leadership. Option 1 is Correct.

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Correct Question:

what is a true statement about leader-member exchange (lmx) theory?

1. high lmx relationships involve an active dislike between the leader and member.

2. in high lmx relationships, the leader has a trust-based relationship with the member.

3. in low lmx relationships, both leader and member go above and beyond their job descriptions to assist the other party in succeeding.

4. in high lmx relationships, the leader does their job and the member does theirs.

The statement "a functional structure can be thought of as departmentalization by organizational resources." is true.

In a functional structure, an organization is divided into different departments based on their functions, such as finance, human resources, marketing, and operations.

This form of departmentalization allows each department to focus on its specialized area, which leads to increased efficiency and effectiveness within the organization. By grouping similar tasks and resources together, employees can develop specialized skills and expertise, enabling them to perform better in their roles.

Moreover, a functional structure facilitates clear lines of communication and reporting, streamlining decision-making processes. However, this structure can also result in a lack of cross-functional collaboration and may limit innovation due to its rigid nature.

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David Hume, the Scottish philosopher, claimed that our tendency to make inductive inferences is based on habit and custom rather than reason or logic.

According to Hume, inductive reasoning involves making generalizations about the world based on our past experiences and observations. For example, if we observe that all the swans we have seen are white, we might generalize that all swans are white.

However, Hume argued that there is no logical or necessary connection between our past experiences and what we expect to happen in the future. Instead, our belief in the regularity of nature is based on habit and custom.

Hume's argument against the rationality of induction is known as the "problem of induction." He believed that inductive inferences cannot be justified by reason or experience alone, and that we must rely on custom and habit to make these inferences.

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Approximately 43% of fatal motorcycle crashes involve automobiles.

Distracted driving is anything that takes your eyes or attention from the road or your hands off the steering wheel, especially when texting or using your phone. Using a cell phone while driving is not only dangerous but also illegal. Road safety refers to the procedures and measures taken to prevent serious injury or death to road users. Road users such as pedestrians, cyclists, drivers, riders, horse riders and public transport riders (buses and car trains only). Hierarchical management should be used, similar to the classification used to improve safety and health, as no solution has been identified for road safety, particularly for rural roads and remote areas with no traffic.

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The Marxist theory of the conflict perspective focuses on social conflict that results from economic inequalities, while the non-Marxist theories focus on social conflict results from competing Marxist vs Non Marxist.

Marxist social theory, known as "social conflict theory", argues that conflict, not consensus, governs the interaction of people and organizations (or social classes) in society.

Groups typically acquire varying amounts of tangible and intangible resources through various forms of warfare (rich versus poor, for example). Larger groups usually use their strengths to maintain dominance and take advantage of weaker groups.

Conflict theorists say that conflict creates contradictions, which are sometimes resolved, but also lead to new conflicts and contradictions in a cyclical dialectic.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argue that class struggle, which has existed throughout human history, evolved over time in response to changes in society's means of meeting, or meeting, society's material needs. provided a classic example of historical materialism when it argued that methods had changed. manufacturing.

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According to Sternberg, the ability most heavily focused on problem analysis and solutions generation is Analytical Intelligence. Analytical Intelligence emphasizes the importance of logical reasoning, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.

In problem analysis, individuals with high analytical intelligence are able to break down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts. They can effectively identify the key components and relationships within the problem. This helps them to better understand the problem's structure and develop a clear path to solving it.

In solution generation, those with high analytical intelligence can generate multiple solutions to a problem, systematically evaluating the pros and cons of each option.

They can then select the most effective solution based on the given constraints and objectives. Analytical Intelligence is essential for tasks that require the ability to analyze and process information, make decisions, and solve problems efficiently.

In summary, Sternberg's Analytical Intelligence is the ability that focuses most heavily on problem analysis and solutions generation, as it enables individuals to efficiently understand, dissect, and solve complex problems through logical reasoning and critical thinking.

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Although Stanley Milgram's experiment was focusing on obedience, subjects were told that the experiment was about. option a) The effects of punishment on learning .

The thing which Stanley Milgram's experiment on obedience teach us is: It can be dangerous to always trust the arguments or orders of authority figures. With this in mind, and from the entirety of the text, we can see that Stanley Milgram demonstrated the various flaws of authority figures in giving orders to people and expecting obedience through his experiment.

This refers to the research conducted about a particular thing to discover the reasons why a thing occurs the way it does.The correct option is A.

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Although Stanley Milgram's experiment was focusing on obedience, subjects were told that the experiment was about a) The effects of punishment on learning.

Stanley Milgram (August 15, 1933 – December 20, 1984) was an American social psychologist, best known for his controversial experiments on obedience conducted in the 1960s during his professorship at Yale. Milgram was influenced by the events of the Holocaust, especially the trial of Adolf Eichmann, in developing the experiment. After earning a PhD in social psychology from Harvard University, he taught at Yale, Harvard, and then for most of his career as a professor at the City University of New York Graduate Center, until his death in 1984. Milgram gained notoriety for his obedience experiment conducted in the basement of Linsly -Chittenden Hall at Yale University in 1961,  three months after the start of the trial of German Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem.

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False. The second stage of policy making is policy legitimation when policies are voted upon is untrue.

Political legitimacy is the quality of political institutions and judgments about laws, policies, and political candidates. Some associate the establishment of political authority and the defense of coercion with legitimacy. Others associate it with defending, or at least affirming, existing political power. Being in a position of authority means having the power to rule, to issue orders and, in some cases, to use force to carry them out.

Whether legitimate political power entails political duty is another matter. Most people definitely believe this to be the case. However, some believe that the moral obligation to submit to political authority can be distinguished from the display of legitimate authority, or at least that such a requirement only applies if certain other circumstances are met.

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The sacred word is a term used in various spiritual and religious practices to refer to a special word or phrase that holds great significance and power.

The sacred word refers to a specific term or phrase that holds great spiritual significance in a particular religious tradition.

This word is often considered to be a representation of the divine, and reciting it is believed to have a transformative effect on the practitioner.

The sacred word can be seen as a tool for achieving spiritual enlightenment or connecting with a higher power.

In some traditions, the word is kept secret and only revealed to initiates, while in others it is shared more openly.

Regardless of the specific practice, the sacred word is important because it serves as a focal point for meditation and helps to cultivate a deeper sense of awareness and connection to the divine. It is also believed to have the power to bring about positive change in the world.

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) to determine the level of chemicals and other pollutants that can be present in water and still be considered safe to drink.

The SDWA sets legal limits, known as maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), for certain contaminants in public water systems. The EPA regularly monitors and enforces compliance with these MCLs to protect public health and ensure safe drinking water for all Americans.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a federal agency of the United States government that is responsible for protecting human health and the environment. The EPA was established in 1970 by President Richard Nixon in response to the growing concern about pollution and its impact on the environment and public health.

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Steps to dealing with brake failure include not panicking, pumping the brakes, downshifting, engaging the emergency brake, and using safe space to slow down gradually.

Dealing with brake failure while driving can be a frightening experience, but it is important to stay calm and take immediate action to reduce the risk of an accident. The steps to take in the event of brake failure include

1) Don't panic, and stay focused on the road ahead.

2) Try pumping the brake pedal to build up pressure in the brake lines.

3) Downshift to a lower gear to slow down the vehicle, if possible.

4) Engage the emergency brake slowly and steadily to bring the vehicle to a stop.

5) Use any available safe space, such as a side road or a soft shoulder, to slow down gradually.

Remember to remain calm, communicate any issues with passengers, and seek assistance from a professional mechanic as soon as possible.

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The 22nd Amendment limits the US President to serving a maximum of two terms, or a total of eight years.

The 22nd Amendment to the US Constitution was confirmed in 1951 and forces a breaking point based on the number of conditions an individual can act as Leader of the US. The change expresses that a president can serve a limit of two terms, or eight years, in office. Before the 22nd Amendment, there was no restriction based on the number of conditions a president could serve, and a few presidents, like Franklin D. Roosevelt, were chosen for four terms. The change was passed because of worries that a president could turn out to be too strong and that the administration could turn into a lifetime position, with no chance for new thoughts or initiatives.

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The Utilitarian who emphasized the greatest happiness principle as his moral standard is  John Stuart Mill.(A)

John Stuart Mill was a prominent British philosopher and political economist, who developed and promoted the ethical theory of Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the overall happiness and minimizing suffering for the greatest number of people.

Mill's version of Utilitarianism, often referred to as the "greatest happiness principle," states that an action is morally right if it brings about the most happiness for the most people.

This ethical approach differs from other theories, such as those proposed by B) Thomas Aquinas, C) Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and D) Michel Foucault, who focused on different philosophical concepts and moral standards. Mill's Utilitarianism has been influential in shaping modern ethics, social policies, and political philosophies.(A)

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The Jain attitude toward all life forms emphasizes non-violence, compassion, and respect. Jains believe in the sanctity of all living beings and practice Ahimsa, which means non-harming, as a core principle of their faith. This approach promotes peaceful coexistence and reverence for all life forms, recognizing their inherent value and interconnectedness.

Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that emphasizes nonviolence, compassion, and the belief in the existence of a soul in all living beings. Jains practice vegetarianism and other forms of nonviolence in their daily lives and believe in the principle of karma, which suggests that all actions have consequences. Jains emphasizes the importance of spiritual purification and self-discipline through practices such as meditation, fasting, and asceticism. Jains also believe in the idea of "anekantavada," or the multiplicity of viewpoints, which encourages individuals to be open-minded and tolerant of different perspectives. Overall, the Jain attitude is characterized by a deep reverence for life and a commitment to living in harmony with others and the natural world.

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Yes, Unix files have an internal structure.

In Unix, a file is essentially a sequence of bytes, which may represent either text or binary data. The structure of a file is defined by its format or encoding, such as ASCII, UTF-8, or binary. The file format determines how the bytes in the file should be interpreted and displayed.

For example, in a text file, each byte represents a character in a particular character encoding. In a binary file, each byte represents a particular value, such as a number, a color, or an instruction for a computer program.

In addition to the bytes that make up the file content, Unix files also have metadata associated with them, such as the file name, size, permissions, and timestamps. This metadata is stored in the file system and can be accessed and modified using various Unix commands and utilities.

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To regulate interest groups and lobbying activity, governments implement laws and policies that require transparency, disclosure, and limits on financial contributions, as well as registration and reporting requirements.

Interest groups and lobbying activity can be regulated through a combination of legal frameworks and oversight mechanisms. These include mandatory registration of lobbyists and interest groups, disclosure requirements for financial contributions and lobbying activities, and limits on the amount of financial contributions that can be made by individuals or organizations to political campaigns or parties.

Additionally, regulatory bodies can be established to monitor compliance with these rules, investigate potential violations, and enforce penalties when necessary. In some countries, codes of conduct or ethical guidelines are also set in place to ensure that lobbying activities are conducted professionally and transparently. Restrictions on the revolving door phenomenon, where public officials leave their positions to become lobbyists, can also help prevent conflicts of interest and maintain integrity in the political system.

Overall, regulating interest groups and lobbying activities is essential for maintaining transparency, preventing corruption, and ensuring fair representation of various interests in the decision-making process.

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Answer:

False. Expectancy theory is a motivation theory that suggests that individuals are motivated to act in certain ways based on their beliefs about the relationship between their efforts, performance, and outcomes. While individualism and collectivism are cultural values that can influence how individuals interpret and respond to motivational cues, expectancy theory is a universal theory of motivation that has been found to hold up well across different cultural contexts. In fact, researchers have found that expectancy theory can be applied effectively in a wide range of cultural settings, and that it can be used to develop effective motivational strategies that are tailored to the specific needs and preferences of individuals in different cultural contexts.

Every time the child says "please," he gets what he wants. Now he says "please" 10 times in a row.--- operant conditioning .

Operant conditioning, also known as instrumental conditioning, is a type of learning in which stimuli or reinforcement are used to change a person's behavior. The subject "operates" on the environment, which is why the method is called operant conditioning. Edward Thorn proposed an early theory of operant conditioning that referred to the response as "instrumental" in obtaining the reward and gave it the name "instrumental learning."

Operant way of behaving is conduct "controlled" by its ramifications. Operant conditioning is the study of reversible behavior that is maintained by schedules of reinforcement.

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Incomplete question :

Every time the child says "please," he gets what he wants. Now he says "please" 10 times in a row. What is the kind of behavior .

A.latent learning

B.compatible response

C.partial (intermittent) reinforcement

D. operant conditioning .

Schizophrenia has been identified as Bashir's condition. His behaviour is uncommon compared to other people since he doesn't convey emotion when he speaks, and he doesn't seem to be able to interpret other people's emotions. These signs are frequently referred to as the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Five major variables make up the negative symptom domain: dulled affect, alogia (reduction in verbal output), avolition (lower goal-directed activity as a result of decreased motivation), asociality, and anhedonia (reduced sensation of pleasure).

For a huge number of schizophrenia patients, negative symptoms constitute an unmet therapeutic need because they are more challenging to treat than positive symptoms of the disease.

Research suggests that consuming recreational drugs may make your schizophrenia symptoms worse if you already have it.

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In regards to slip or lapse errors, these types of errors occur when there is an unintended deviation from the plan or cure due to automatic behavior.

This means that the individual did not intend to make a mistake, but their actions deviated from what was intended.
On the other hand, negligence is the failure to exercise reasonable care or caution, resulting in harm or damage to others. Negligence can occur through a mistake or conscious behavior.

It's important to note that a mistake may not always be considered negligence. If an individual made a mistake but took reasonable steps to prevent harm, it may not be considered negligent behavior. However, if an individual made a conscious decision to act in a way that could harm others and did not take steps to prevent harm, it would likely be considered negligence.

I hope this helps answer your question. Let me know if you have any further questions.

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The results of the Milgram experiments have been the subject of much debate and controversy, as they seem to suggest that people are willing to act in ways that violate their own moral and ethical beliefs when they are instructed to do so by an authority figure. However, when we consider the social and psychological factors that may have influenced the participants' behavior, the results become less surprising.

One important factor to consider is the power of situational factors to influence behavior. In the Milgram experiments, participants were placed in a situation where they were under pressure to obey the authority figure (the experimenter) and had little time to reflect on their actions. Additionally, the participants may have been motivated by a desire to please the experimenter or to avoid the disapproval of their peers.

Another important factor is the role of socialization in shaping our beliefs and attitudes. Participants in the Milgram experiments may have been socialized to respect authority figures and to comply with the demands of others. This can be seen in the way that individuals respond to authority figures in other contexts, such as the workplace or the military.

Overall, the results of the Milgram experiments are less surprising when we consider the situational and social factors that may have influenced the participants' behavior. However, these findings also highlight the need for individuals to critically evaluate their own beliefs and to resist the influence of authority figures when necessary.

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These assumptions provide a framework for understanding the dynamics of allele frequencies in a population.

The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium provides a baseline for comparing the observed allele frequencies in a population with the expected frequencies under ideal conditions. Any deviations from the equilibrium can be used to infer the presence of evoThe assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium can be further explained as follows:Large population size: The population must be large enough so that random events, such as genetic drift, do not significantly affect the allele frequencies.Random mating: Individuals must mate randomly, without any preferences for certain genotypes or phenotypes. In other words, there should be no assortative mating, inbreeding, or sexual selection.No gene flow: There should be no migration of individuals or alleles in or out of the population. This assumption assumes that the population is isolated and has no contact with other populations.No mutations: There should be no new mutations that affect the allele frequencies in the population.

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The five typical cues in the habit loop are location, time, emotional state, other people, and immediately preceding action.

These cues trigger our brain to initiate a routine or habit, which leads to a reward. For example, if a person always eats a cookie at 3pm while sitting at their desk (location and time), or whenever they feel stressed (emotional state), they may find themselves automatically reaching for a cookie whenever they experience those cues.

By identifying and understanding these cues, individuals can modify their habits and create new ones by changing the cues, routine, or reward. This can help individuals break bad habits and form healthier ones.

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A charity sends you some greeting cards and you feel that you should send them a small contribution. This feeling comes from the persuasion technique called Foot-In-The-Door.

The foot-in-the-door technique is a persuasion technique in which a small request or favor is made first, followed by a larger request or favor. The initial small request is designed to get the person to comply, making them more likely to comply with the larger request that follows. In the scenario described, the charity sends greeting cards to the person, which serves as the initial small request. The person then feels obligated to reciprocate and send a small contribution, which serves as the larger request.Reciprocity refers to the social norm of responding to kind or generous actions with similar actions. The door-in-the-face technique is a persuasion technique in which a large request or favor is made first, followed by a smaller request or favor. The large request is designed to be rejected, making the person more likely to comply with the smaller request that follows.

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Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning are three major theories in the field of behavioral psychology.

Classical conditioning is the process of learning by association, where a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that already elicits a response, resulting in the neutral stimulus eliciting the response on its own. This process involves three stages: acquisition, where the neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus; extinction, where the response gradually disappears when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the neutral stimulus; and spontaneous recovery, where the response reappears after a period of time has passed.

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According to the 2016 State of Compliance Study by PwC indicates that A) Compliance and ethics functions have become more visible with their Board of Directors and senior leaders.

This study indicates that in recent years, compliance and ethics functions have gained more prominence and visibility within organizations, making them more recognized and involved in decision-making processes at the board and senior leadership levels.

The 2016 PwC State on Compliance Reporting describes compliance activities in respect to customary business procedures. Around 800 executives from around the world who represented a range of business sizes, industries, and responsibilities took part in the poll.

With the upcoming implementation of the GDPR, compliance laws are becoming more and more challenging for many businesses. Management finds it difficult to create a culture for compliance inside their organisation and guarantee that everyone adheres with the relevant regulatory obligations because of this.

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The major differences between the four theories on the origins of the state are:   the divine right theory emphasizes the role of religion, social contract theory emphasizes the importance of individual consent, force theory highlights the use of coercion, and evolutionary theory sees the state as a natural development in the evolution of human societies.

The four major theories on the origins of the state are divine right theory, social contract theory, force theory, and evolutionary theory. Each of these theories offers a unique perspective on how the state came into existence and what its role in society should be.

The divine right theory posits that the state's origins can be traced back to the belief in the divine right of kings to rule. This theory asserts that monarchs derive their authority to rule from God, and therefore, the state is a natural outgrowth of this divine authority.

According to social contract theory, the state is the result of a social contract between individuals who agree to give up part of their individual liberties in exchange for the state's protection and security.

Individuals engage into a social contract with one another to establish a society and, by extension, a state, according to this view. The legitimacy of the state is derived from the consent of the governed.

The force theory, as the name implies, suggests that the state's origins can be traced back to the use of force. According to this theory, the state is formed when one group of people conquers and subjugates another. The state's authority is maintained through the use of coercion and the threat of force.

Finally, evolutionary theory suggests that the state is a natural outgrowth of the evolution of human societies. This theory asserts that as societies became more complex and sophisticated, a centralized authority was needed to regulate and coordinate their activities.

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