In 1909, scientist ernest rutherford directed a stream of high speed alpha particles at a thin piece of gold foil. Some of the particles passed through, some were deflected, and some bounced straight back. This result caused rutherford to conclude that.

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Rutherford considered these observations and he concluded: The fact that most alpha particles went straight through the foil is evidence for the atom being mostly empty space. A small number of alpha particles being deflected at large angles suggested that there is a concentration of positive charge in the atom.

What is an atomic nucleus ?Protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no electrical charge, make up the nucleus. On the basis of the 1909 Geiger-Marsden gold foil experiment, Ernest Rutherford identified the atomic nucleus in 1911,which is the compact, dense region made up of protons and neutrons at the heart of an atom. The electron cloud contributes very little to the atom's mass, which is almost entirely in the nucleus. The nuclear force brings protons and neutrons together to create a nucleus.

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