Identify all statements that accurately describe the structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. E2 contains three domains. The complex contains multiple copies of each of three enzymes. A regulatory kinase and phosphatase are part of the mammalian PDH complex. The core of the complex is made up of several copies of E1 . Several copies each of E1 and E3 surround E2 .

Answer: The statements that correctly describe the structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex are:

--> E2 contains three domains.

--> A regulatory kinase and phosphatase are part of the mammalian PDH complex.

--> Several copies each of E1 and E3 surround E2 .

Explanation:

Enzymes are proteins that speeds up a metabolic reaction by lowering the amount of energy needed to start the reaction. The type of enzyme in a cell will determine the metabolic processes that will occur in it.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which is located at the mitochondria matrix, is a group of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of pyruvate, which is the end product of glycolysis, to form acetyl-CoA. The product formed from the reaction which is acetyl-CoA in turn enters the citric acid cycle where it is further oxidized for cellular respiration.

The structure of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex consists of:

--> Three catalytic enzymes: These include;

• E1: This is the first enzyme of the PDH complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase. It catalyzes the removal of one carbon atom from pyruvate which leads to the production of hydrohyethyl.

• E2: This is the second enzyme of PDH complex called dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase. It catalyzes the transfer of hydroxyethyl group to oxidized form of covalently bound lipoamide, and the resulting acetyl group is then transferred to free coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA and reduced dihydrolipoamide. Several copies each of E1 and E3 surround E2 and it consist of three DOMAINS. These domains include: N-terminal 9 kDa lipoyl domain, 4 kDa peripheral subunit-binding domain and C-terminal 28 kDa catalytic (acetyltransferase) domain.

• E3: This is the third and last enzyme of PDH complex called the flavoprotein dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. It re-oxidizes the lipoyl group of dihydrolipoamide-E2 to form lipoamide-E2 and NADH.

--> Two regulatory enzymes: The activities of E1 which is the rate limiting step of PDH complex regulated by phosphatases (activators) and kinases (inhibitors).

--> A binding protein: these aids in the binding of E2 to E3 enzyme in the core of PDH complex.

2. Which is a function of the cardiovascular system? *
convert oxygen and glucose into ATP (energy)
O convert oxygen into glucose
O carry oxygen and glucose to body cells
O store oxygen and glucose in the blood

Based on the figure above, _________ATP molecules are formed by fermentation.

a. 2 c. 36

b. 8 d. 38

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Below are two sequences of a segment of DNA.

Normal sequence CAT TAC ACC
Mutated sequence CTT TAC ACC

Which type of mutation has occurred?
Choose 1 answer:

A deletion is the removal of a nucleotide from a DNA sequence.


(Choice B)

B

Nonsense mutation


(Choice C)

C

Insertion mutation


(Choice D)

D

Substitution mutation

How do landfills impact groundwater? A. litter
B. Sharp metal and glass get in the soil.
C. Liquids leak into the ground.
D. Landfills do not impact groundwater.

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What is the meaning of chaise?

A. A harness

B. A person

C. A vehicle

D. A farming tool

Limestone formation in caves is considered what kind of weathering? A.mechanic B.chemical C.biological D.hydraulic

I know this might be selfish and all but I have a female and male rabbit and I am afraid the female rabbit is going to get pregnant I don't want her to get pregnant because rabbits have many kids what can I do to avoid my female rabbit veering pregnant?

What is the answer to that question

The characteristic of a muscle to be stretched is known as
O a. contractility.
b. extensibility.
c. elasticity.
d. excitability

How can climate change impact on the ecosystem? Think of two different scenarios and describe them

how does a change in speed cause a wave to change direction​

Fruiting Bodies of Fungi The recognizable forms of fungal reproductive bodies, or fruiting bodies, encountered in nature vary structurally. Common forms of fungal fruiting bodies include trumpet, club fungus, bracket, cup fungus, gill fungus, bolete, puff ball, and stinkhorn. Close observation of fruiting body anatomy can lend clues during identification of a species. Differing species of fungi can appear similar, and it is never advised to eat a wild mushroom because poisonous varieties can resemble edible ones.
1. Fungal fruiting bodies, or reproductive bodies, have different structural forms.
a. true
b. false
2. Many experiments require student-supplied items, such as _____.

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7. A scientist is investigating using a chemical that will destroy lysosomes within cells.
A student presents an argument as to the importance of lysosomes. Which of the
following statements would be a valid justification to support the student's argument?
A. Lysosomes are needed to digest biomolecules
B. Lysosomes are needed to store energy
C. Lysosomes are needed to package proteins
D. Lysosomes are needed to synthesize proteins

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Makali and his parents recently emigrated from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. His family is part of the famous Fore tribe; after living in the tribe for most of their lives, they decided to give Makali a different life in the United States. His mother starts to cry as she recalls that both her parents died in the kuru epidemic that made the tribe famous, and she is terrified that Makali might be coming down with kuru. His father interjects to say that it is not possible and that he is far more concerned that Makali has some other infectious disease to which he had never previously been exposed.

His father says that Makali had a severe allergic reaction to the tetanus/pertussis booster shot as a child and has been unable to be re-vaccinated due to the risk of anaphylactic shock. Therefore, Makali may be susceptible to whooping cough (pertussis). This would not have been a concern 10 years ago, but vaccination rates for whooping cough have plummeted in the United States, eliminating herd immunity and sparking a return of the disease in some regions. Ironically, vaccination rates in the Fore tribe are much higher than in the United States, so Makali's parents had concerns about coming to the United States, which is falling behind other countries in this area of basic medical care!

One of the doctors you are working with says that checking immunoglobulin (Ig) levels should reveal if there is a serious infection. He also points out that kuru does not cause immunoglobin levels to rise. If Makali does have kuru, a brain biopsy may be required to make a definitive diagnosis.

1. Select the next step or steps that would be appropriate to diagnose Makali?
a. Test immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM) levels in the blood for signs of infection.
b. Perform a brain biopsy.
c. Interview one of Makali's friends to ask about the day he first became sick.

2. Which statement most accurately describes the citric acid cycle?
a. It is an unregulated process, like an intersection without signal lights.
b. It is the main center of ATP production during anaerobic metabolism.
c. It plays a central role in key metabolic processes in the cell, with many metabolic intermediates leaving and entering.
d. It serves a catabolic role only, which is to generate ATP and reducing equivalents for cellular energy needs.

What relationship do the deer and rabbits have in common with the squirrels and chipmunks?

Cohesion of water is produced by the interaction of numerous?

Different measurements are expressed in different units. Cheese the corect si units for the following types of
measurement

The SI units for measuring the velocity of the car

The SI units for measuring the acceleration of the cars

The SI units for measuring force:

The SI units for measuring mass:

what is the natural cause of wild fores

QUESTION 12

neuronal pool that might rely on fatigue to end its impulse propagation is a:
A. converging circuit
B. diverging circuit
C. oscillating circuit
D. parallel after-discharge circuit
E. circuit breaker

Predation and parasitism are similar because in both predation and parasitism -
both organisms are harmed in some way.
one organism is harmed while the other benefits.
one organism is neither harmed nor benefits.
both organisms receive a benefit.

scientists on mars have been investigating the genetic makeup of organisms in this community. use the information provided and your knowledge of genetics to answer the following questions.

SER
Which of the following is not a contributing factor to environmental policy decisions?
a. human health
b. availability of natural resources
environmental health
d. none of the above
C.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
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is the earth flat or not

Describe DNA synthesis in detail

Which type of digestion takes place when chunks of food are physically torn into smaller pieces?

Absorption
Chemical
Elimination
Mechanical

In which division phase is the nucleolus formed and spindle fibers broken down?
A) anaphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D)telophase

most of the biomass in the ecosystem above would be found at the...