Any number of answers is appropriate here. They should extend their current research by inserting into other genes.
Students can suggest similar studies in which another gene, typically associated with cancer might be distributed and be in a normal cell.
It may be defective and normal in the cell. are treated differently. Similar experiments should be designed to determine whether other proteins play a regulatory role in cell division after DNA damage. The same procedure is used, but the variables are changed. Instead of using cells with different p53 alleles, use cells with different APC gene alleles. At one level, we test cells that have the APC gene with two genetically mutated alleles. Then, at the other level, we have mutant alleles and normal alleles. Then two normal APC alleles.
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Genotypes for:
Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
Phenotypes for:
Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
Can you also provide an explanation? I want to actually know how to figure this out myself.
Assume that we have the dominant allele 'D' and the recessive allele 'd'. Lets make the example that the gene these encode for the fake disease called 'Fake Disease'. The recessive allele 'd' encodes for if you HAVE the disease. The dominant allele encodes for NOT having the disease. You get passed on a version of this allele from both your parents and hence any individual will have the genotype of 'XX' (basically your genotype will be a combination of the two alleles dependent on what you got from your parents). ALSO for a recessive allele to be expressed in the phenotype (definition below) you need to have two copies of it because other wise the dominant allele 'D' will 'hide' the occurance of the single 'd' allele.
Homozygous (the prefix 'homo' means SAME).
Heterozygous (the prefix 'hetero' means DIFFERENT).
Genotype = the genes you have in your genome
Phenotype = what trait is expressed due to what genes you have
Homozygous dominant = SAME of the Dominant allele
- Genotype: DD (the two alleles you have are the same and are both the dominant alleles)
- Phenotype: Does not have Fake Disease (as the recessive 'd' allele encodes for this and the individual does not have two of the 'd' the disease is not expressed in the genotype)
Heterozygous = DIFFERENT alleles
- Genotype: Dd (you get one copy of each allele but both are different from each other)
- Phenotype: Does not have Fake Disease (the dominant allele 'D' is what it is called 'dominant' it dominants over the recessive allele and will cover the expression of the recessive allele)
Homozygous Recessive = SAME of the Recessive Allele
- Genotype: dd
- Phenotype: Does have Fake Disease (having two recessive alleles of a trait means that it is expressed in the individual.
Hopefully this helps!!! (sorry if you already know some of the stuff I explained I don't know your level of knowledge on this topic and just wanted to make sure my answer made sense)
The process of antibody production after initial exposure to an antigen is known as the _________ response.
Lag
Latent
Primary
Secondary
The process of antibody production after initial exposure to an antigen is known as the Primary response.
What is the name of the initial antigen exposure?Primary response refers to the immune response that develops after being exposed to an antigen for the first time. The immune response that develops after a second or additional exposures to an antigen, stronger and quicker, is referred to as a secondary reaction.A process known as somatic hypermutation enables the B cell to start coding for a new antibody after antigen presentation to the B cell lymphocytes has taken place. This antibody will have a distinctive Antigen Binding Site in the variable region that can bind specifically to an epitope from the antigen.To learn more about Primary response refer to:
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Thomas observed a graph showing changes in Earth's glaciers. After looking at the graph, he came to a conclusion about Earth's climate and stability. Based on the graph below, what conclusion did Thomas make about Earth's climate?
Earth's climate goes through short-term cycles of cooling and warming.
Earth's climate goes through long-term cycles of cooling and warming.
Earth's climate appears to be cooling over a period of time.
Earth's climate appears to be irregularly cooling and warming.
Answer: The correct Answer is D, Earth's climate goes through short-term cycles of cooling and warming.
Explanation:
Organism a is eukaryotic, unicellular, and lacks a cell wall. Organism b is eukaryotic, multicellular, has cell walls, and is autotrophic. In which kingdoms should these organisms be classified?.
Kingdom Plantae includes autotrophic organisms with cellulosic cell wall while kingdom Animalia includes heterotrophic organisms without the cell wall.
Kingdom Animalia is characterized by the presence of multicellular body, heterotrophic mode of nutrition, eukaryotic cells and cells without cell wall. Kingdom Plantae are autotrophs because they use energy from sun to produce their food. Plants have cellulose as a cell wall material.
Cell walls are generally absent in many eukaryotes, including animals, but are present in some other ones like fungi, algae and plants, and in most of the prokaryotic organisms.
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Genetic variation among humans is relatively small when compared to other species. Where in the human genome does most of the diversity occur?.
In the human genome most of the diversity occur in is in the sequences that code for tRNA(Transfer RNA).
Human ancestral lines are relatively young compared to other species. Man is a genetically homogeneous species. Although a small number of genetic variants are found more frequently in certain geographic regions or in people with ancestry from those regions, this variation represents a small percentage of the human genome. They are transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) and go through a series of processing steps and post-transcriptional modifications to become fully active. tRNA also exhibits great sequence diversity in the human genome, but the tRNA gene sequence variation and potential functional implications in individual human genomes have not been studied. Human genetic variation is the genetic differences within and between populations. There can be several variants of a given gene in the human population (alleles), a situation called polymorphism.
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a large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide. a few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray. what can best be inferred from this example?
The inference that can be drawn when a large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide where a few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray is that: Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce.
Insecticide are the compounds that are used to get rid of the pests and insects in the crop fields or at homes. They can be organic, synthetic, inorganic or miscellaneous.
Variations are the changes in the genetic sequence of an organism. These are also called mutations. Usually the mutations are harmful but beneficial mutations can arise as well that help the population of organisms to survive better in the unfavorable conditions.
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generally, will natural selection result in an increase or decrease in variation? why does this happen and how, in theory, will it affect evolution in the future?
Natural selection decreases the genetic variation in populations by selecting for or against a specific gene or gene combination
How does natural selection cause variation?Genetic variations that alter gene activity introduce different traits in an organism. If a trait is advantageous and helps the individual survive and reproduce, then genetic variation is more likely to be passed on to the next generation, which is known as natural selection.
As natural selection is a mechanism of evolution, organisms that are more adapted to environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success. Therefore, this process causes species to change and diverge over time.
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Santiago always lets the fire in the fireplace on Christmas Eve he needs fuel for the fire which of these represents a fuel?
A paper
B carbon dioxide
C oxygen
D water
Answer: A. Paper
Explanation: Water is the element what puts out a fire. Oxygen stands alone in the fire triangle, and carbon dioxide is not a physical thing; therefore, it can not fuel a fire. Paper is the only thing that can properly fuel the fire out of these 4 options.
50 points!!
Which is true about cell membranes?
Cell membranes consist of a single layer of phospholipids.
Cell membranes are made of lipids and carbohydrates.
Cell membranes are rigid and protect the cell.
Cell membranes form barriers around the cell.
Answer:
Part of the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer,
Explanation:
Cell membranes are composed of proteins and lipids. Since they are made up of mostly lipids, only certain substances can move through. Phospholipids are the most abundant type of lipid found in the membrane. Phospholipids are made up of two layers, the outer and inner layers., made of two layers of phospholipid molecules. However, the cell membrane also contains other macromolecules like membrane proteins, and carbohydrates. Therefore, we can say that the cell membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer, but it is not only made of it.
Identify the Salute and olvent in a olution made from 15 gram of oxygen and 5 gram of helium
Oxygen is the solvent and helium is the solute.
What is a solute and solvent ?To create a homogenous mixture, a solute must dissolve in a solvent. The substance that dissolves in a solvent to create a homogeneous mixture is known as a solute.
The substance that typically determines the solution's physical state is the solvent (solid, liquid or gas). The substance that dissolves in the solvent is known as a solute. For instance, in a solution of salt and water, salt serves as the solute and water as the solvent.
In fluid solutions, there is a larger concentration of solvent than solute. Salt and water are two excellent examples of substances that we use on a daily basis. Since salt dissolves in water, it serves as the solute.
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Please help!!!
Lightning that occurs within a cloud is known as ___
lightning.
Answer:
Intra-Cloud
Explanation:
Answer:points
Explanation:
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What does the replication of DNA during interphase ensure during cell replication?
A. Mutations are connected before the cell divides
B. Each daughter cell gets an exact copy of the cells DNA
C. Crossing over occurs prior to cell division
D. Genetic variation is created in daughter cells
I do not understand how to do this. Pls, explain.
Answer:
The answer should be A. They could have genotype Cc or cc
Explanation:
C c
[tex]{c}\\{c}[/tex] [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}Cc&cc\\Cc&cc\end{array}\right][/tex]
I tried to make a punnet square as best as I could..
To jog your memory about the basics of punnet squares and what certain words mean.
Dominance is shown by a capital letter, while recessive is denoted by lowercaseIf a person is homozygous they carry two identical alleles (CC or cc).
Two capitals mean a person is homozygous dominant, whilst two lowercase means a person is homozygous recessive.If a person is heterozygous that means that they carry two different alleles, one dominant and one recessive (Cc).
The dominant allele will always be present over the recessive.As the statement shows, individual 5 is heterozygous, meaning their genotype is Cc.
Their partner is a shaded individual, which means they have cystic fibrosis, which is homozygous recessive. This means their genotype is cc.
When doing a punnet square, you will see the two outcomes of possible genotypes are Cc and cc. This means there is a 50% (or 2/4) chance of individual 12 being healthy (Cc), or there is a 50% (or 2/4) chance of the individual having cystic fibrosis (cc).
gamma rays may be used to kill pathogens in ground beef. one irradiation facility uses a 60co source that has an activity of 1.0×106ci. 60co undergoes beta decay and then gives off two gamma rays, at 1.17 and 1.33 mev; typically 30% of this gamma-ray energy is absorbed by the meat. the dose required to kill all pathogens present in the beef is 4000 gy.
It is true that one irradiation facility uses a 60co source that has an activity of 1.0×106ci. 60co undergoes beta decay and then gives off two gamma rays, at 1.17 and 1.33 mev.
Irradiation facility is designed with overlapping layers of protection, interlocks, and safeguards to stop accidental radiation exposure. In addition, "melt-downs" don't occur in facilities as a result of the radiation supply provides off radiation and decay heat; but, the warmth isn't ample to soften any material.
A pathogen is outlined as an organism inflicting sickness to its host, with the severity of the sickness symptoms spoken as virulence. Pathogens are taxonomically wide numerous and comprise viruses and bacterium likewise as animate thing and cellular eukaryotes.
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a family goes on a vacation and returns home to find all their houseplants have wilted. at a cellular level, what is causing the plants to wilt?
When a family goes on vacation, they come home to find that all of their houseplants have wilted because the cells lack sufficient water pressure to support them. Because there is no water in the vacuole, the cell becomes weaker, which makes the plants wilt.
What of the following causes plants to wilt when watered with a salt solution?Soil salts have the ability to hold water. Less water is thus available for plant uptake, exacerbating water stress and root dehydration.
which phrases give instances of aided diffusion?phrases best sum up aided diffusion ,Through specific membrane proteins, solutes transverse the membrane along their gradient of concentration. Small, neutral molecules leave a cell along their gradient of concentration.
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how can alternative rna splicing result in different proteins derived from the same initial rna transcription
The alternative RNA splicing results in different proteins derived from the same initial RNA transcription introns/exons being read and chosen differently. Original RNA is spliced differently producing varying mRNA.
Alternative splicing can provide evolutionary flexibility. Single point mutations can result in the occasional exclusion or inclusion of specific exons from transcripts during splicing, allowing new protein isoforms to be generated without loss of the original protein.
Alternative splicing is a cellular process in which exons of the same gene are combined in different combinations to produce different but related mRNA transcripts. These mRNAs can be translated to produce different proteins with different structures and functions all from a single gene. Alternative splicing is a molecular mechanism that alters the pre-mRNA structure prior to translation.
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The sorting that occurs during blank______ separates homologues from each other.
The sorting that occurs during blank Meiosis 1 separates homologues from each other. Meiosis uses a two-step division mechanism to achieve these goals.
During the initial round of cell division, known as meiosis I, homologue pairs split apart. Sister chromatids split apart during meiosis II, the second round.
Disjunction describes the division of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I. Disjunction is a crucial component of the anaphase processes of mitosis and meiosis (I and II). Sister chromatids split and travel to the polar opposites of the cell during the anaphase of mitosis.
In prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are paired; they are then split apart in anaphase I, resulting in a halving of the number of chromosomes.
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why do organisms that perform photosynthesis require water and sun light?
Answer:
Explanation:
Photosynthetic organisms need light because this is the source of the energy that is transformed to chemical energy by chlorophyll. These organisms need water because the electrons that are excited in chlorophyll and passed to the electron transport system are replaced with electrons from a split water molecule. Hydrogen is used to form the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. The electrons take from the oxygen molecules in water release an oxygen gas into the atmosphere which makes living possible for us.
Even though horses and donkeys look very similar they are not really the same_?
A. biology
B. genetic variation
C. organism
D. population
E. species
F. environment
G. offspring
H. overproduction
i. reproduction
D.
the following structure is that of galactose. is this a furanose or pyranose form? is it an alpha or beta anomer? is it a d or l sugar?
The following structure is pyranose form of the galactose as the given cyclic shape incorporates 5 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom forming a 6-membered heterocyclic sugar.
The cyclic shape of sugar is assessed as furanose or pyranose sugar primarily based totally at the range of atoms that bureaucracy the ring. A pyranose shape of sugar is a 6-membered ring that includes 5 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. They are shaped with the aid of using sugars with an aldehyde useful organization.
A 5-membered cyclic shape of sugar is known as a furanose ring with 4 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. They are shaped while the sugar has a ketone organization withinside the 2nd position.
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in a pond that experiences succession, what relationship would you expect regarding changes in species richness over time?
In a pond that experiences succession, species richness increases over time.
During succession, species diversity declines. A large number of species that enter the canopy through tiny holes and a comparatively small number that regrow in the huge clearings are characteristics of communities where such large patches are uncommon. Following a significant disturbance, diversity grows throughout the succession phase.
New species enter a region at each stage and may displace the ones that came before them, frequently as a result of environmental modifications produced by the preceding species. The community may eventually attain a condition of relative stability and stop shifting in composition.
Hence, species richness increases as result of succession.
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cells synthesize a variety of complex molecules to include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. a large majority of the molecules that cells make are proteins. which three organelles are most involved in synthesizing proteins?
The three organelles that are most involved in protein synthesis include: Nucleus, Ribosomes and Endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
What is protein synthesis and its significance?The protein synthesis is the formation of polypeptide chain from amino acids. It takes place in two stages of transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions from DNA to mRNA in the cell nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Translation is formation of protein from mRNA.
Proteins are largest, complex molecules that play many important roles in the body. They perform most of their work inside the cell and are necessary for the structure, function and regulation of body tissues and organs
What is needed for protein synthesis?Several essential substances must be present for protein synthesis, including the 20 amino-acids that make up proteins. Another essential component is a set of enzymes that work in this process. DNA and another form of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid (RNA) are also essential.
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organism a is eukaryotic, unicellular, and lacks a cell wall. organism b is eukaryotic, multicellular, has cell walls, and is autotrophic. in which kingdoms should these organisms be classified?
The Kingdom Animalia stands apart among them due to the presence of multicellular bodies, a heterotrophic source of nutrition, eukaryotic cells, and cells without a cell wall.
The five Kingdom system has been used to group all creatures into these five categories. The Kingdom Animalia stands out among them due to the presence of multicellular organisms, a heterotrophic mode of nutrition, eukaryotic cells, and cells without a cell wall.
Members of the kingdom Monera include unicellular prokaryotic BGA and bacteria. Algae, every type of protozoa, and eukaryotic unicellular organisms are all included in the Protista kingdom. The kingdom fungus includes multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes with chitinous cell walls. Kingdom Plantae is home to autotrophic organisms with cellulose cell walls while kingdom Animalia is home to heterotrophic animals without one.
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Grandpa Minion's genotype for color blindness was: Question 4 options: XCXC XCY XCX XY
Grandpa Minion's genotype for color blindness would be [tex]X^CY[/tex].
Genotype for color blindnessColor blindness in humans generally is an x-linked or sex-linked, recessive trait.
The sex chromosome of males is XY while that of females is XX. In other words, males can only take a single allele of sex-linked traits because he has only one X chromosome. Thus, males are either affected or unaffected by x-linked traits. There is no chance of being heterozygous or a carrier.
Going by this principle, Grandpa Minion is a male and would have the XY genotype. The X chromosome will carry the color blindness trait either in the dominant or recessive form. Thus, the only plausible option that can pass as the genotype of Grandpa Minion is [tex]X^CY[/tex].
[tex]X^CX^C[/tex] and [tex]X^CX[/tex] can only be for females while in [tex]XY[/tex], there is nothing that indicates the presence of the color blindness allele, be it in dominant or recessive forms.
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which form of reproduction can result from damage to the original animal? group of answer choices fragmentation fission budding parthenogenesis
Fragmentation can result from damage to the original animal
What is fragmentation ?Body breaking into two pieces with subsequent regeneration is known as fragmentation. A separate individual will reappear if the animal has the ability to fragment and the part is large enough. For instance, many sea stars use fragmentation to carry out asexual reproduction.
In some organisms, such as planarians, when an organism's body splits into several pieces, each piece develops into a separate offspring. Fragmentation is the term for this. It can happen accidentally, through harm from predators or other sources, or as a result of natural reproduction.
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the movement of phosphorus from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment?
The movement of phosphorus from the environment to oraganism and back is called the Phosphorus cycle.
The repeated movement of a specific nutrient or element through one or more organisms and back to the environment is known as a "nutrient cycle."
Phosphorus is a crucial component for all living things. It contributes significantly to DNA and RNA's structural foundation.
They are a crucial part of ATP as well.
Phosphorus makes up 80% of the bones and teeth in humans.
The phosphorus cycle progresses very slowly. The phosphorus in the rocks is washed into the soil by a number of weather-related processes. The organic matter in the soil, which is used for numerous biological activities, absorbs phosphorus.
Since phosphorus and compounds containing phosphorus are only found on land, the atmosphere has little impact on the phosphorus cycle.
Following are the important steps of phosphorus cycle:
1.Weathering
2.Absorption by Plants
3.Absorption by Animals
4.Return to the Environment through Decomposition
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Prokaryotes that use light for their energy source and co2 for their carbon source are called _____.
Answer:
Photoautotrophs
Explanation:
Photoautotrophs are cells that capture light energy, and use carbon dioxide as their carbon source. There are many photoautotrophic prokaryotes, which include cyanobacteria. Photoautotrophic prokaryotes use similar compounds to those of plants to trap light energy.
All plant cell walls are made of _____ while all fungi cell walls are made of _____.
The cellulose and chitin-based cell walls of plants and fungus, as well as the cell walls of bacteria, are not the same.
What types of tactile sensors are there?Merkel's disks, Meissner's corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Pacinian corpuscles are the four main subtypes of tactile mechanoreceptors. In the upper layers of skin that has hair or is glabrous, Merkel's disks are slow-adapting, unencapsulated nerve terminals that respond to gentle touch.
What role does tactile play?The tactile corpuscle is in charge of delivering low-frequency vibrations and light touch sensations from the peripheral nervous system to the brain.
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The temporary release of stress hormones into the bloodstream facilitates
memory reconstruction
repression
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
long-term potentiation
The temporary release of stress hormones into the bloodstream facilitates long-term potentiation (Option 5).
What is the process of long-term potentiation?The process of long-term potentiation is a physiological process associated with the increase in the synaptic signaling pathway among nerve (neuronal) cells, which may be associated with the secretion of different chemical messengers including hormones.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of long-term potentiation is associated with enhanced synaptic signaling and long-lasting neuronal communication, a process linked to the release of chemical messengers called hormones.
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After some important cellular processes, there is an abundance of carbon dioxide (co2) molecules inside the cell, but not enough molecules outside the cell. Co2 molecules would.
After some important cellular processes, there is an abundance of carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecules inside the cell, but not enough molecules outside the cell. CO₂ molecules would move outside the cell due to the process of diffusion.
Cell is the basic fundamental unit of life that acts as the building block of all the organisms. A cell can be of two types based on its origin: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
Diffusion is the process of movement of solute particles from the region of its higher concentration to lower concentration. This movement does not required the expenditure of energy and hence it is a passive process.
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