The energy required to warm 1. 0 kg of ice from −40°c to 0°c given the specific heat of ice is 2090 j/kg°c.. is 83,600 j/kg°C
What is Specific heat?
The amount of energy required to increase a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius per gram is known as its specific heat. Although it can alternatively be expressed in terms of calories, specific heat is often expressed in Joules per gram per degree Celsius (J/g oC). The specific heat capacity, a number that characterizes this chemical property, varies depending on the substance.
The total heat required will be the sum of heat energy needed to change the temperature of ice from –40°C to 0°C.
q (total) = mc (ΔT)
= 1 × 2090 × (0 + 40)
= 2090 × 40
= 83,600 j/kg°C
Therefore the energy required is 83,600 j/kg°C, for the given specific heat of the ice.
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in order for stanley miller to get organic molecules from inorganic molecules, which compound could not be present
Large and complex molecules like DNA and protein were not present, but Miller-Urey experiment showed that some of the building blocks for these molecules could be formed from simple compounds.
What is Stanley Miller experiment?Stanley Miller and Harold Urey did an experiment to test Oparin and Haldane’s ideas and they found that organic molecules could be produced under reducing conditions thought to resemble that of early Earth.
Miller and Urey built a system having a heated pool of water and a mixture of gases that were abundant in the atmosphere of early earth. To simulate the lightning that might have provided energy for chemical reactions in early atmosphere of Earth, Miller and Urey sent sparks of electricity through their experiment. After letting this experiment run for a week, Miller and Urey found that different types of amino acids, sugars, lipids and other organic molecules had formed.
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a certain isotope decays at a rate such that it loses 15% of its mass every second. find the equation of the form
The equation of the form of isotope is M(n) = (1 - 15%)ⁿ M grams. Where M is the initial mass of an isotope.
If the initial mass of an isotope is M grams and every second it loses 15%, it means the remaining of an isotope
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why is tin a metal and carbon is a nonmetal even though they are in the same family in terms of atomic structure
Answer:
Tin and carbon are both in the same family on the periodic table because they have similar atomic structures. Both are in group 14 of the periodic table, which means they have four valence electrons in their outermost energy level. However, they are classified as different types of elements because of their different properties.
Tin is a metal because it is a good conductor of heat and electricity, has a shiny, metallic appearance, and is malleable and ductile, meaning it can be easily shaped and molded. Carbon, on the other hand, is a nonmetal because it is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, is not shiny, and is not malleable or ductile.
One of the main factors that determine whether an element is a metal or a nonmetal is its ability to conduct heat and electricity. Metals are generally good conductors, while nonmetals are generally poor conductors. The position of an element on the periodic table can give some indication of its conductive properties, but it is not the only factor.
Limestone forms as ocean water evaporates and leaves calcium carbonate behind, which is then deposited on the ocean floor. what type of rock can be formed in this way?
Calcium carbonate, which is then deposited on the seafloor, is left behind as ocean water evaporates, forming limestone. Sedimentary rock is the kind of rock that can be created in this manner.
Inorganic sedimentary rocks formed from the land have a fragmented or clastic structure. Rocks with an inorganic composition that are sedimentary are formed on land.
Conglomerate, brescia, and sandstone are a few types of inorganic sedimentary rocks that are formed from the land.
The primary source of the substance lime is limestone, a form of carbonate sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The minerals calcite and aragonite, which are various crystal forms of CaCO3, make up the majority of its material. When these minerals separate from water that has dissolved calcium, limestone is created.
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Which is an example of an applied force?
Answer: A person pushing a barrel is an example of applied force.
Explanation:
The table lists good and poor conductors of heat.
Good Conductors Poor Conductors
steel
copper
aluminum
gold
glass plastic
rubber
wood
Which best describes materials that are poor conductors of heat?
O A. soft
• B. hard
• C. not metal
• D. not smooth
Good Conductors ;
copper, gold, aluminum, steel
Poor Conductors ;
glass ,rubber, wood, plastic,
What are good and poor conductors of heat ?Steel and bronze have the lowest heat conductivity, while metals like copper and aluminum have the highest. Copper is a good material for heat exchangers because it is a good heat conductor. Examples of effective electrical and heat conductors are gold, silver, and iron.
Non-metals are poor heat conductors. Rubber and plastic are two examples of lousy conductors.Metals such as copper, silver, and others make good conductors. Poor conductors are substances that do not permit the flow of electricity through them. Poor conductors include, for example, rubber, glass, and wood. Copper iron, for instance. faulty conductors "Bad conductors of heat" or "poor conductors of heat" refers to materials that do not readily conduct heat. Think of wood cloth.To know more about Conductors please click here ; https://brainly.com/question/492289
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4. A general description of the single replacement reaction in this exper- iment is: metal + salt in solution → "new" metal + "new" salt solution. Give a balanced equation for another example of this type of single re- placement reaction.
Answer:
Salt°37Water°Solution.
Explanation:
It will be snow because H2o + Car36° - 47° = Snow because water + salt will dissolve into snow. The metal and salt in solution will be salt water. H2° + Car36° - 47° = Salt°37Water°Solution.
Give a mess occupied 919 mL in a tri State at STP the same mass when collected over water at 15°C in 750 mmHg pressure occupies 1 L volume calculate vapor pressure at 15°C
a sample of 63.6 grams of copper completely reacted with oxygen to form 71.6 grams of a copper oxide product. how many grams of oxygen must have reacted?
16.01 grams of oxygen must have reacted .
Calculation :
Reaction : 2Cu + O₂ -> 2CuO
Theoritical moles of Cu : O₂ = 2 : 1
Moles of Cu = mass/molar mass = 63.6/63.546 = 1.001 mol
Moles of O₂ = mass/molar mass = 71.6/32.0 = 2.238 mol
Experimental of Cu : O₂ = 1.001 : 2.238 = 0.4 : 1.0
Excess reactant is O₂
Limiting reactant is Cu
Moles of O₂ reacted = 0.5*moles of Cu
moles of O₂ reacted = 0.5 x 1.001 = 0.5004 mol
mass of O₂ reacted = moles x molar mass = 0.5004 x 32.00 = 16.01 g
mass of O₂ reacted is 16.01 g
A chemical reaction is the process of chemical transformation of one group of chemicals into another group. Classical chemical reactions involve changes that affect only the position of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds between atoms, with no changes in the nucleus (no changes in the elements present) and many If , it can be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a subfield of chemistry that deals with chemical reactions of unstable radioactive elements in which both electronic and nuclear changes can occur.
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if 34.42 ml of 0.1013 m naoh is needed to neutralize a 25.00 ml of h2so4. what is the concentration of sulfuric acid?
6.973x 10^-2 M is the concentration of sulfuric acid.A chemical reaction known as neutralization occurs when an acid and a base quantitatively react with one another.
The pH of the neutralized solution is determined by the acidity of the reactant. In a neutralization process, an acid and a base combine to create salt and water.
The response to this issue is as follows:
H2SO4 + 2 NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
To ascertain the molar ratio of the reactants, we require this reaction. The ratio is thus 1 mol H2SO4 to 2 mol NaOH.
This is the following method of calculation:
0.03442x 0.103x 1mol H2SO4/2molNaOHX1/0.0025=6.973X10^-2
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what did schrodinger discover that bohr did not understand
Answer: Erwin Schrödinger showed that the quantization of the hydrogen atom's energy levels that appeared in Niels Bohr's atomic model could be calculated from the Schrödinger equation,
Explanation:
What solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of ch3coch3 c h 3 c o c h 3 ?.
Only one solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of CH₃COCH₃.
What is electrolytes?
When dissolved in water, electrolytes are materials that have a natural electrical charge that is either positive or negative. In addition to other things, they support your body's ability to control chemical processes and keep the fluid levels inside and outside of your cells in equilibrium.
Electrolytes include substances like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and phosphate.
The electrolyte category also includes water, which puts it in the same group as necessary minerals.
Therefore, Only one solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of CH₃COCH₃.
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How much is required to change 52.2 grams of liquid water into steam from room temperature (25 Celsius) to 115 Celsius
Heat change, ΔH, required to change 52.2 grams of liquid water into steam from room temperature (25 Celsius) to 115 Celsius is 135915.228 J.
What is the heat change required?
The heat change required to change 52.2 grams of liquid water into steam from room temperature (25 Celsius) to 115 Celsius is determined as follows:
Heat change required, ΔH = ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ + ΔH₃
ΔH₁ is heat required to change liquid water at 25°C to water at 100°C
ΔH₁ = mass * specific heat capacity * temperature change
specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g/K
ΔH₁ = 52.2 * 4.184 * (100 - 25)
ΔH₁ = 16380.36 J
ΔH₂ is the heat required to convert water at 100°C to steam at 100°C
ΔH₂ = mass * latent heat of vaporization of water
latent heat of vaporization of water = 2260 J/g
ΔH₂ = 52.2 * 2260
ΔH₂ = 117972 J
ΔH₃ is the heat required to change steam at 100°C to water at 115°C
ΔH₁ = mass * specific heat capacity * temperature change
specific heat capacity of steam = 1.996 J/g/K
ΔH₁ = 52.2 * 1.996 * (115 - 100)
ΔH₁ = 1562.868 J
Heat change required, ΔH = 16380.36 J + 117972 J + 1562.868 J
Heat change required, ΔH = 135915.228 J
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A farmer chooses two fields and then changes only one thing between them. She changes how she plows her fields. One field will be tilled and one will not. Everything else will be the same on both fields: the type of crop she grows, the amount of water and fertilizer that she uses, and the slope of the fields she plants on. The fields should be facing the same direction to get about the same amount of sunlight. What is the independent variable?
In this scenario, the independent variable is the method of plowing the fields. This is the variable that the farmer is intentionally changing between the two fields, while all other variables are being held constant.
The independent variable is the factor that the researcher or experimenter manipulates in order to study its effect on the dependent variable. In this case, the dependent variable would be the outcome of the experiment, such as the yield of the crops or the health of the plants. By changing only one variable (the method of plowing) and keeping all other variables the same, the farmer can more accurately determine the effect of the plowing on the dependent variable.
Silver does not corrode in air or water.
What word can we use to describe this
property of silver?
Silver is known in the chemistry world as a noble metal which means it is resistant to corrosion, but not completely.
Explanation:I hope my answer helped you! If you need more information or help, comment down below and I will be sure to respond if I am online. Have a wonderful rest of your day!
a 70 kg human body typically contains 140 g of potassium. potassium has a chemical atomic mass of 39.1 u and has three naturally occurring isotopes. one of those isotopes, 40k, is radioactive with a half-life of 1.3 billion years and a natural abundance of 0.012%. each 40k decay deposits, on average, 1.0 mev of energy into the body.
The yearly dose is0.03143 Gy
Given that:
Mass of the human body = 70 kg
Mass of potassium in the human body = 140 g
chemical atomic mass of potassium = 39.1
From Avogadro's number, we know that 1 atomic mass of an element contains 6.023 × 10^(23) atoms
Thus,
140g of potassium will contain;
(140 × 6.023 × 10^(23))/(39.1) = 2.1566 × 10^(24) atoms
We are told that the natural abundance of one of the 40K isotopes is 0.012%.
Thus;
Number of atoms of this isotope = 0.012% × 6.023 × 10^(23) = 7.2276 × 10^(19) K-40 atoms
Formula for activity of K-40 is given as;
Activity = (0.693 × number of K-40 atoms)/half life
Activity = (0.693 × 7.2276 × 10^(19))/1300000000
Activity = 3.85 × 10^(10)
We are told that each decay deposits 1.0 MeV of energy into the body.
Thus;
Total energy absorbed by the body in a year = 3.85 × 10^(10) × 1 × 365 = 1405.25 × 10^(10) MeV
Now, 1 MeV = 1.602 × 10^(-13) joules
Thus;
Total energy absorbed by the body in a year = 1405.25 × 10^(10) × 1.602 × 10^(-13) = 2.25 J
1 Gy = 1 J/kg
Thus;
Yearly dose = 2.25/70 = 0.03143 Gy
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What is the melting point of ice of common salt
The melting point of ice of common salt that is compound of NaCl is -2°C due to freezing point depression.
What is compound?Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.
Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:
1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.
2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.
3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds
4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.
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Determine the mass of 250. 0 ml of benzene. The density of benzene is 0. 8765 g/ml.
Answer:
[tex] \huge{ \boxed{219.13 \: g}}[/tex]
Explanation:
To find the mass of the substance given it's density and volume, we use the formula;
[tex] \bold{density( \rho) = \frac{mass}{volume} \\ } [/tex]
Since the mass is the unknown variable in the question, we make mass the subject and solve for it.
mass = density × volume
From the question
density = 0.8765 g/mlvolume = 250 ml[tex]mass = 0.8765 \times 250 = 219.125[/tex]
We have the final answer as
219.13 gA beam of radiation has an energy of 2.57×102 kJ/mol. What is the wavelength of this light?
what is the total molar concentration of all the ions in 0.0100 m solutions of the following salts in water?
The total molar concentration of all ions in 0.0100 M solutions:
a. 0.0100 M KCl = 0.0200 M ions
b. 0.0100 M [tex]CuSO_{4}[/tex] = 0.0200 M ions
c. 0.0100 M [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 0.0300 ions
How to determine the total molar concentration of all ions in salts in water?When [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] аnd KCl аre dissolved in the sаme solution, the [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ions аre common to both sаlts. In а system contаining [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] аnd KCl, the [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ions аre common ions.
KCl ⇔ [tex]K^{+}[/tex] + [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex][tex]CuSO_{4}[/tex] ⇔ [tex]Cu^{+}[/tex] + [tex]SO_{4} ^{-}[/tex][tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] ⇔ [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] + 2 [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]Now, the total molar concentration is
KCl = 0.0100 + 0.0100
KCl = 0.0200 M ions
[tex]CuSO_{4}[/tex] = 0.0100 + 0.0100
[tex]CuSO_{4}[/tex] = 0.0200 M ions
[tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 0.0100 + 2 (0.01.00)
[tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 0.0300 M ions
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calculate the total heat (in kj) need to convert 12.00 g of ice at -5.00 deg c to liquid water at 0.500 deg c.
The total heat (in kj) need to convert 12.00 g of ice at -5.00 °C to liquid water at 0.500 °C is 4.16 kJ.
1) The ice from -5.00 °C to 0 ° C
the heat capacity is given as :
q1 = mc ΔT
q1 = 12 × 2.09 × ( 0 - (-5))
q1 = 125.4 J
2) the ice at 0 ° C to water at 0 ° C
q2 = n ΔHfussion
q2 = (12 g / 18 g / mol) × 6.02 kJ/mol
q2 = 4003.3 J
3) liquid from 0 °C TO 0.5 °C
q3 = mc ΔT
q3 = 12 × 4.21 ( 5 - 0)
q3 = 25.26 J
the total heat is given as = q1 + q2 + q3
= 125.5 + 4003.3 + 25.26
= 4160 J = 4.16 kJ
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If someone drops a cup, it falls to the ground. Why doesn't the gravitational * 5 force between the persor's hand and the cup keep the cup from falling
Answer:
it dosent have gravity bc it's fallen
Hydrazine (N₂H4), a rocket fuel, reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen gas and water vapor. The reaction is represented with the equation:
N₂H4(1) + O₂(g) → N₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)
How many grams of hydrazine are needed to produce 96.0g water?
Answer: To determine how many grams of hydrazine are needed to produce 96.0 grams of water, we can use the mole ratio between hydrazine and water in the chemical equation.
First, we need to convert the number of grams of water to moles. We can do this using the molar mass of water, which is 18.0 grams/mole:
96.0 g H2O / 18.0 g/mol = 5.33 moles H2O
Next, we can use the mole ratio between hydrazine and water in the chemical equation to determine the number of moles of hydrazine that would be needed to produce 5.33 moles of water:
1 mole N2H4 / 2 moles H2O = 0.5 mole N2H4
Finally, we can use the molar mass of hydrazine (32.0 grams/mole) to convert the number of moles of hydrazine to grams:
0.5 mole N2H4 * 32.0 g/mol = 16.0 grams N2H4
Therefore, 16.0 grams of hydrazine are needed to produce 96.0 grams of water.
What is the relative atomic mass for interactium?
Interactium has a relative atomic mass of 289.42 amu.
What is an atomic formula relative?The total of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in the formula is the relative formula mass of a material made up of molecules. M r is the abbreviation for the relative formula mass. Determine how many atoms of each element there are in the chemical formula to determine the M r for a compound.
How is the relative difference determined?As a percentage of the reference value, the relative difference expresses the magnitude of the absolute difference: Reference value is the difference between the two values being compared (relative difference = absolute difference reference value). A fraction is produced via the relative difference formula.
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What is the formula of the ionic compound nickel (III) chloride?
NiCl₃ is the formula of the ionic compound nickel(III) chloride
We know the valency of the Nickel (Ni) is +3 and the valency of Chlorine (Cl) is -1. Now for being a compound it needs to be neutral.
So, we have to take 3 molecules of Chlorine to neutralise the charge of one molecule of Nickel, which means the formula will be NiCl₃.
So, the equation of formation will be [tex]Ni+3Cl \rightarrow NiCl_3[/tex]
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predict the missing component of each reaction. ? 2 upper n a upper b r right arrow 2 upper n a upper c l plus upper b r subscript 2. hcl cl2 na hbr
The missing component is Cl₂.
The missing component is CO₂ + 2H₂O.
1. The following can be used to present the reaction:
? + 2NaBr → 2NaCl + Br₂
Both 2 Na and 2 Br are present on the reactant side, whereas 2 Na, 2 Br, and 2 Cl are present on the product side.
So the missing component is Cl₂.
2. The following is a presentation of the possible reaction;
CH₄ + 2O₂ → ?
The elements in the reactant side of the reaction are 1 Carbon, 4 hydrogen and 4 oxygen.
The elements in the product side are missing.
Therefore;
The the missing elements in the product are, 1 Carbon, 4 hydrogen and 4 oxygen. which gives;
The missing component = CO₂ + 2H₂O.
So, the missing components for reaction 1 is Cl₂ and for reaction 2 is CO₂ + 2H₂O.
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Specific heat is used to explain why different substances what?
Specific heat is used to explain why different substances changes the temperature at different rate.
What is temperature?Temperature is a physical quantity which is expressed as quantitatively the perceptions of the coldness and hotness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer.
What is specific heat?It is defined as the amount of heat which is used to require to increase the temperature by 1°C.
The SI unit thorough which it is measured is J/ g/ °C.
Let's take an example of specific heat of water which is 4.184J/ g/ °C.
If the specific heat capacity of any substance is observes to be high, it will take more time for heating or cooling. If the specific heat capacity of any substance is observes to be high, it will take more time for heating or cooling.Therefore, specific heat is used to explain why different substances changes the temperature at different rate.
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zinc coatings on iron provide protection from corrosion of the iron in ordinary service. what is/are the mechanisms which are active in this coating/substrate pair?
Steel is coated with zinc to prevent corrosion in two different ways: By creating a barrier, they stop oxygen and moisture from getting to the steel surface. Cathodic protection is provided at scratches.
How does zinc stop rusting?Zinc is chemically active and rapidly alloys with other metals. When exposed to air, it forms a thin layer of gray oxide (patina), which prevents the metal from corroding further due to deeper oxidation. Corrosion resistance is a crucial quality for the usage of the metal.
Zinc is used to prevent corrosion because it is more reactive than iron and when oxygen in the air interacts with the surface of zinc, a highly dense and impenetrable layer of zinc oxide forms. This physical barrier shields the zinc from corrosion.
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a 0.77-mg sample of nitrogen reacts with chlorine to form 6.61 mg of the chloride. determine the empirical formula of nitrogen chloride
The empirical formula of nitrogen chloride is NCl₃ (NCl3)
m of nitrogen = 0.77mg
m of nitrogen chloride = 6.61mg
so the m of chlorine will be
m of chlorine = m of nitrogen chloride - m of nitrogen
m of chlorine = 6.61 - 0.77
=5.84mg
so the number of moles can be found as
n = [tex]\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]
number of moles of chlorine can be found as follows;
n = 5.84× 10⁻³ / 35.45 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]
n = 1.65 × 10⁻⁴
number of moles of nitrogen can be found as;
n = 0.77 × 10⁻³ / 14.01 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]
n = 5.5 × 10⁻⁵ mol
Empirical formula can be found as;
moles of Cl : moles of N
1.65 × 10⁻⁴ : 5.5 × 10⁻⁵
Now divide the ratio with the smallest number which is 5.5 × 10⁻⁵ and we get the following ratios.
3 mol of Cl :1 mol of N
3 : 1
So the empirical formula of nitrogen chloride will e NCl3
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when 0.1 mol of a is mixed with 0.1 mol of b in the reaction chamber and the reaction runs to completion, the 1500 ml of water in the calorimeter heats up from 24.2°c to 25.9°c. what is δh° for the reaction in kj/mol?
When 0.1 mol of a is mixed with 0.1 mol of b in the reaction chamber and the reaction runs to completion, the 1500 ml of water in the calorimeter heats up from 24.2°C to 25.9°C. ΔH for the reaction in kJ/mol is 106.59 kJ/mol
The ΔH for the reaction is given as :
ΔH = m c ΔT
where,
mass, m = 1500 g ( density of water is 1 g / mL)
c = specific heat = 4.18 J/ g °C
ΔT = 25.9°C - 24.2°C = 1.7 °C
ΔH = 1500 × 4.18 × 1.7
ΔH = 10659 J
ΔH = 10.659 kJ
mole = 0.1 mol
ΔH = 10.659 / 0.1
ΔH = 106.59 kJ/mol
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