There are two ways to pass an argument to a subroutine: by value and by reference.
By value means that a copy of the argument is made and passed to the subroutine. By reference means that the memory location of the argument is passed to the subroutine.
This allows the subroutine to modify the original variable. The choice of passing by value or reference depends on the requirements of the subroutine and the type of data being passed. Passing by value is used when the argument is a simple data type or when the subroutine does not need to modify the original variable.
Passing by reference is used when the argument is a complex data type or when the subroutine needs to modify the original variable. Understanding the difference between passing by value and by reference is important for creating efficient and effective subroutines in programming languages like C, C++, and Java.
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What are "extraneous" variables? When do extraneous variables become confounding variables?
Extraneous variables are variables that are not the primary focus of a research study, but which may have an impact on the outcome of the study. Extraneous variables become confounding variables when they are related to both the independent and dependent variables.
Extraneous variables variables are not manipulated or controlled by the researcher, but may still influence the dependent variable. For example, in a study examining the relationship between caffeine consumption and cognitive performance, extraneous variables could include factors such as age, gender, and prior sleep quality.
Extraneous variables become confounding variables when they are related to both the independent and dependent variables. This means that the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable cannot be determined, as the confounding variable may also be affecting the dependent variable. For example, in the caffeine and cognitive performance study, if age was found to be a confounding variable, it would be difficult to determine if any observed effects on cognitive performance were due to caffeine consumption or age.
To minimize the impact of confounding variables, researchers must control for them either through random assignment, matching participants, or statistical techniques such as regression analysis. By controlling for confounding variables, researchers can increase the internal validity of their study and draw more accurate conclusions about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
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driving slower than other cars can cause vehicles behind you to bunch up. to avoid this, adjust your speed so that
To avoid causing vehicles behind you to bunch up, you should adjust your speed to match the flow of traffic. If you are driving slower than the surrounding traffic, try to move to the right lane or slow lane if possible.
If you are on a multi-lane road, it's a good idea to stay in the right-hand lane unless you are passing another vehicle. This allows faster-moving traffic to pass safely on the left. If there is no other traffic on the road, try to maintain a consistent speed and avoid sudden changes in speed or direction. This will help other drivers anticipate your movements and maintain a safe following distance.
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The Russian concept of blat, in which people give and receive favors, interests anthropologists because it appears to be preventing the emergence of capitalist markets.
False True
The Russian concept of blat, in which people give and receive favors, interests anthropologists because it appears to be preventing the emergence of capitalist markets. Your answer: True.
The term "blat" (corruption) in Russian refers to a system of unofficial agreements, service exchanges, connections, Party relations, or black market operations to achieve goals or advance.
Because there was a constant lack of products and services for consumers, blat was common in the USSR. This resulted from the fact that the state set the pricing of consumer products rather than the free market. Access to highly sought-after items and services became simpler for the general population thanks to networks of blat. Blat also occurred at the corporate level in the shape of tolkachs, employees whose specific
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Question 46 Marks: 1 Which state has a quarantine on mussels from May 1 to October 31?Choose one answer. a. Florida b. California c. Louisiana d. New York
The state that has a quarantine on mussels from May 1 to October 31 is California. Option b. This quarantine is in place to protect public health by preventing the consumption of mussels contaminated with toxins produced by harmful algae blooms.
During the months of May to October, there is an increased risk of harmful algae blooms in the waters off the coast of California. Mussels, which are filter feeders, can accumulate these toxins in their tissues, making them unsafe for human consumption.
This quarantine applies only to mussels harvested recreationally, as commercial operations are subject to strict testing and monitoring requirements. It is important for consumers to purchase shellfish only from reputable sources, as contaminated shellfish can cause serious illness or even death.
The quarantine on mussels in California is a necessary measure to protect public health and ensure the safety of seafood consumed in the state.
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The policy instrument of ______ refers to government attempts to convey important information to citizens in order to influence their behavior.
The policy instrument of "information provision" refers to government attempts to convey important information to citizens in order to influence their behavior.
This can include providing information about health risks, financial choices, and environmental issues, among others. The goal is to educate citizens about the potential consequences of their actions and encourage them to make decisions that align with public policy objectives.
Effective information provision requires clear and accurate communication, as well as an understanding of the target audience's values and beliefs. It is often used in conjunction with other policy instruments, such as regulations and incentives, to achieve desired outcomes.
By informing citizens, policymakers can empower them to make informed decisions that benefit both themselves and society as a whole.
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A first degree relative of someone with bipolar disorder has about ______ times the risk of having the disorder compared with a random person.
Compared to a random person, a first-degree relative of a person with bipolar disorder has a 10 times greater risk of developing the disorder.
The peak period of risk for the onset of bipolar disorder spans late adolescence and early adulthood, according to epidemiological, clinical, and high-risk studies.
The fact that people with bipolar disorder alternate between mania (extremely elevated mood) and depression (extreme sadness) is the main characteristic.
Because bipolar disorder can include depressive episodes, it is easy to mistake it for depression. The main difference between the two is that bipolar disorder includes maniac symptoms while depression is unipolar, meaning there is no "up" period.
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thirteen-year-old irene has no trouble defeating her 11-year-old brother at a detective game that requires following clues in order to deduce the perpetrator of a crime. how might piaget explain irene's superiority at the game?
Irense, as an adolescent, is beginning to grow her abstract reasoning skills.
Abstract thinking, commonly referred to as abstract reasoning, is the ability to comprehend and consider complicated concepts that, while real, are unrelated to tangible experiences, individuals, things, or circumstances.
People with excellent abstract reasoning abilities are more adept at gaining new skills, changing and adjusting their techniques, understanding the larger picture, and thinking creatively. It is also one of the thinking skills that has consistently been connected to improved job performance and leadership efficacy.
An abstract reasoning exam is a type of evaluation that employs forms and patterns to evaluate your problem-solving abilities and ability to recognize logical sequences. For example, you may need to choose which image makes a series, fails to appear from the entire image, or does not correspond to the other images displayed.
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All of the following are the key inputs of the plan activity except for which one?A) Strategic, tactical, and operational plansB) Knowledge and information about third-party service components from engageC) Consolidated demands and opportunities provided by engageD) Policies, requirements, and constraints provided by the organization's governing body
Option B. Knowledge and information about third-party service components from engage is not the key inputs of the plan activity.
The key inputs of the plan activity include A) strategic, tactical, and operational plans, C) consolidated demands and opportunities provided by engage, and D) policies, requirements, and constraints provided by the organization's governing body.
The reason why B) is not a key input is that it is not directly related to the planning process. An explanation of the key inputs is that they provide the necessary information and guidance for creating a successful plan that aligns with the organization's goals and objectives.
Therefore, the correct option regarding statements that is not include as the key inputs of the plan activity is B. Knowledge and information about third-party service components from engage.
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stages of repentance
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Question 2 Field observations are not always reported in total becauseChoose one answer. a. the reported forms are usually inadequate b. the significance of the data is not understood c. the field staff are instructed to limit observations d. the supervisor may insist on reinspection
Field observations are not always reported in total because the significance of the data is not understood. This can lead to incomplete or selective reporting of the observations, as the importance of some information might not be apparent to the field staff at the time of collection.
The correct answer is c. the field staff are instructed to limit observations. Field observations may not always be reported in total because field staff are often instructed to limit their observations to specific criteria or parameters. This may be due to time constraints, budget limitations, or other factors that require the data to be collected in a more focused manner. As a result, some observations may not be included in the final report, leading to incomplete data analysis and potential gaps in understanding the significance of the data.
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Question 14
Performance of an authorized act in a unauthorized manner is called:
a. nonfeasance
b. misfeasance
c. malfeasance
d. disfeasance
Misfeasance refers to the performance of an authorized act in an unauthorized or negligent manner, resulting in harm or injury to another person. The correct answer to question 14 is "b. misfeasance."
This is different from nonfeasance, which refers to the failure to perform a required duty or act, and malfeasance, which refers to the intentional commission of an unlawful or improper act. Disfeasance, on the other hand, refers to the act of improperly performing a legal duty, such as breaching a contract. It is important to understand these terms in order to properly assess and address any potential legal issues that may arise.
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how are children of divorced parents today different from children of divorced parents in the 1970s? a. children of divorced parents today are more likely to get divorced themselves than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s. b. children of divorced parents today are considerably less likely to divorce than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s. c. children of divorced parents today are more likely to get married than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s. d. children of divorced parents today are more likely to be divorced multiple times than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.
Children of divorced parents are more likely than children of married parents to experience divorce in their own marriage. The correct answer is a. children of divorced parents today are more likely to get divorced themselves than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.
People who give birth to or care for a kid or children are called parents. Parents include both biological and adoptive parents. The word "parent" can refer to either the mother or the father. A single parent is also possible. Children can sometimes be their parents' reflections.
What parents do in their daily lives influences the lifestyles that their children adopt. All of this is a result of the fact that a child's parents are their closest living relatives. According to research, people learn from the people and environments around them. What they read, write, comprehend, and learn behavioural practise from their surroundings and people they live with. Therefore, if they learn not to stay in long-term relationships, they will choose a different path from their parents in marriage.
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Question 46
According to the Freedom of Information Act, all of the following information must be available to the public except:
a. applications for federal licensing
b. medical records of personnel
c. decisions affecting agency policies
d. records of routine inspections
According to the Freedom of Information Act, most information must be available to the public. However, there are exceptions to protect privacy and sensitive data.
In this case, the information that is not required to be available to the public is option (b) medical records of personnel. The other options, such as applications for federal licensing, decisions affecting agency policies, and records of routine inspections, are generally accessible under the Act.
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Using an example, identify and describe the three things that must be demonstrated to establish a causal relationship between two variables.
To establish a causal relationship between two variables three criteria that must be demonstrated are 1.Temporal precedence 2.Covariation and 3.Elimination of Extraneous Variables,.
Temporal precedence (i.e. the cause must occur before the effect), direction of causality (i.e. the cause must result in changes to the effect), and elimination of alternative explanations (i.e. other potential causes that could explain the observed effects should be ruled out).
For example, let's say we want to investigate whether eating apples leads to better academic performance.
We first need to demonstrate temporal precedence by showing that students eat apples before they receive their test scores.
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Less than _____ People on payroll, OSHA does not cover
Less than 10 employees on payroll, OSHA does not cover.
This means that small businesses with less than 10 employees are not required to comply with OSHA regulations and are not subject to inspections. However, these businesses are still responsible for providing a safe and healthy workplace for their employees.
Even though OSHA may not cover small businesses, employers are still encouraged to implement safety measures to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses. It is important for employers to understand the risks associated with their particular industry and take appropriate steps to protect their employees.
Ultimately, creating a safe work environment benefits both employees and employers by reducing the likelihood of accidents and increasing productivity.
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What type of cases are heard by the lower-level courts of a state court system
The lower-level courts of a state court system typically hear cases involving minor criminal offenses, civil cases with lower financial damages, small claims disputes, traffic violations, and other minor legal issues.
What are these courts?
These courts are often referred to as district courts, municipal courts, justice courts, or magistrate courts, depending on the state.
Judges in these courts typically have limited jurisdiction, meaning they can only hear cases within a specific geographical area or with specific limits on the amount of damages involved.
The lower-level courts play a crucial role in the state court system as they provide access to justice for individuals who cannot afford the cost or time of pursuing legal action in higher-level courts.
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Question 1
The estimated number of Americans who have suffered full or partial hearing loss as a result of excessive exposure to noise is:
a. 6 million
b. 8 million
c. 10 million
d. 12 million
The estimated number of Americans who have suffered full or partial hearing loss as a result of excessive exposure to noise is approximately 10 million.
The estimated number of Americans who have suffered full or partial hearing loss as a result of excessive exposure to noise is 10 million. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common type of hearing loss that is caused by exposure to loud sounds, such as music, machinery, firearms, and traffic. Over time, exposure to these sounds can damage the hair cells in the inner ear, leading to permanent hearing loss. While NIHL can affect people of all ages, it is particularly common among older adults who have been exposed to loud sounds over the course of their lifetimes. According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), approximately 10 million adults in the United States have suffered some degree of NIHL.
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Ideally, when should one start developing a career portfolio?
One should start developing a career portfolio as soon as they begin their professional journey. It is never too early or too late to start building a portfolio that showcases your skills, accomplishments, and work samples.
A career portfolio is a collection of documents, materials, and artifacts that showcase an individual's skills, achievements, and professional growth over time. It is a visual representation of a person's career journey that includes samples of their work, certifications, awards, and other relevant information.
Whether you are a student, a recent graduate, or an experienced professional, having a career portfolio can help you stand out in the job market, demonstrate your expertise, and track your career progress over time.
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maslow believed that once safety needs are relatively satisfied, one's physiological needs emerge. true false
Your question is about Maslow's hierarchy of needs and whether he believed that once safety needs are relatively satisfied, one's physiological needs emerge. This statement is false.
According to Maslow, physiological needs are the most basic needs and must be satisfied first, followed by safety needs. Maslow's hierarchy of requirements places physiological demands at the bottom. They are the things a person needs to survive the most. They consist of the need for safety, nourishment, warmth, rest, and health. At this stage, survival instincts serve as a person's primary motivator.
The human body is not capable of performing at its best if these needs are not met. Maslow deemed physiological requirements to be the most critical since, until these needs are satisfied, all other wants are subordinate. The need for security and safety becomes apparent once a person's physiological needs have been met.
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The ______ is essential to make sense of a problem, to see how it compares to other concerns in our personal lives or in society, and to estimate what effects a proposal or action might have.
The research is essential to make sense of a problem, to see how it compares to other concerns in our personal lives or in society, and to estimate what effects a proposal or action might have.
Research is "innovative and systematic paintings undertaken to growth the inventory of knowledge". It includes the series, enterprise and evaluation of proof to growth information of a topic, characterised through a selected attentiveness to controlling reassets of bias and error. Research is a procedure of systematic inquiry that involves series of data; documentation of crucial information; and evaluation and interpretation of that data/information, according with appropriate methodologies set through unique expert fields and educational disciplines.
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What generally happens to the size and social network of older adults?
As individuals age, they typically experience a decrease in the size of their social network. This can be due to a variety of factors, such as retirement, physical limitations, and the loss of friends and family members.
However, research has shown that older adults often prioritize the quality of their relationships over the quantity, and may have more close and meaningful connections than younger adults. Additionally, older adults may become more involved in their communities and volunteer work, which can lead to the development of new social connections. Overall, while the size of an older adult's social network may decrease, the depth and quality of their relationships can continue to grow and thrive.
The size and social network of older adults generally tend to decrease. This can be due to factors such as retirement, health issues, and the loss of friends and family members. Despite this, older adults can maintain meaningful social connections and may even develop new relationships through various social activities and support systems.
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4. An orthopedic surgeon read about TPS and wants to organize her surgery operation based on lean principles. To eliminate idle time in the operating room, she decides to call in patients six hours before the scheduled surgery time. Is this a lean process?- Yes- No- Cannot be determined
This is not a lean process because it does not focus on reducing waste and improving efficiency. Instead, calling patients in six hours early may create unnecessary waiting time for the patients, which is a form of waste in the lean principles.
No, calling in patients six hours before the scheduled surgery time is not a lean process. While the intention may be to eliminate idle time in the operating room, it is not necessarily the most efficient or effective way to do so. A more lean approach would involve analyzing the entire surgical by reducing waste and process and identifying areas for improvement, such as reducing setup and turnover times between surgeries, optimizing staffing levels, and minimizing waste. Simply calling in patients earlier may actually create more inefficiencies and patient dissatisfaction. A lean process would involve analyzing the operation process and identifying areas of waste, then making targeted improvements to reduce or eliminate that waste, while maintaining a focus on patient care and safety.
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it is an appropriate use of feedback for punishment because it has the goal of suppressing unsparing or irresponsible
Using feedback for punishment is not an appropriate use of feedback. While it may have the goal of suppressing unsparing or irresponsible behavior.
it is more likely to create a negative work environment and damage relationships. Feedback should be used to provide constructive criticism and help individuals improve their performance. Punishment can be appropriate in certain situations, but it should be administered separately from feedback and with clear guidelines and communication. It is an appropriate use of feedback for punishment because it has the goal of suppressing unsparing or irresponsible behavior. This type of feedback, when content is loaded, helps to correct and guide individuals toward more responsible actions by pointing out the negative consequences of their behaviors. In doing so, it can effectively deter future unsparing or irresponsible actions, promoting a more constructive environment.
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under the psychoanalytic perspective understanding the interaction of the id, ego, and superego is essential in grasping the nature of: under the psychoanalytic perspective understanding the interaction of the id, ego, and superego is essential in grasping the nature of: self-actualization. motivational conflict. reciprocal determinism. an inferiority complex. the collective unconscious.
Under the psychoanalytic perspective, understanding the interaction of the id, ego, and superego is essential in grasping the nature of motivational conflict.
How does the interaction of the id, ego, and superego contribute to motivational conflict in psychoanalytic theory?According to psychoanalytic theory, the id represents our primitive, instinctual desires, while the superego represents our internalized moral code. The ego serves as a mediator between the two, striving to satisfy the desires of the id in ways that are socially acceptable and in line with the superego's values.
However, this constant negotiation between the id, ego, and superego can create conflicts that result in motivational conflict. For example, the id may desire immediate gratification, while the superego may dictate that certain actions are immoral or socially unacceptable. The ego must find a way to satisfy the id's desires while remaining in alignment with the superego, which can result in inner turmoil and psychological distress.
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How does moral reasoning also depend on emotion?
Emotions play a vital role in shaping our moral reasoning as they help us to empathize with others, evaluate situations, and guide our actions.
Moral reasoning, the process of making ethical decisions, depends on both rational thinking and emotions.
Empathy, a core emotional response, enables us to understand and share the feelings of others. By putting ourselves in their shoes, we can better assess the consequences of our actions and make ethical decisions that consider others' wellbeing.
Emotions such as guilt and compassion help us evaluate the morality of situations. For instance, feeling guilty about a wrongdoing may encourage us to reflect on our actions and seek to rectify the situation, while compassion may prompt us to help someone in need.
Emotions can motivate us to act in morally responsible ways. For example, a sense of responsibility or fairness may lead us to stand up for someone who is being treated unfairly.
Moral reasoning is not solely based on logic and rational thinking, but also relies on emotions that enable us to empathize, evaluate, and act in a morally conscious manner.
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______ refers to a bound unit of interacting individuals who uphold a set of shared traditions and way of life.
A community refers to a bound unit of interacting individuals who uphold a set of shared traditions and way of life.
The term that fits the definition provided is "culture". Culture is a complex concept that encompasses various aspects of human life, including beliefs, customs, practices, values, language, and art. It refers to the shared patterns of behavior and understanding that characterize a group of people, including their social norms, religion, politics, and economics.
Culture can be seen as the lens through which people perceive and interact with the world around them. It is a dynamic and evolving phenomenon that is constantly shaped by historical, social, and environmental factors. Understanding cultural differences is essential in today's globalized world, as it can help promote mutual understanding and respect among people of different backgrounds.
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what is an example of cognitive impulsivity? blurting out an answer in class touching a hot stove rushed thinking interrupting a parent on the telephone
An example of cognitive impulsivity is when a person exhibits hasty or impulsive decisions without thinking about the consequences beforehand. One example of cognitive impulsivity is blurting out an answer in class without giving it proper consideration.
This impulsive behavior may be seen as disruptive and may not allow the person to fully process the question and provide a thoughtful response. Another example is touching a hot stove without considering the potential danger or consequences. This impulsive behavior can lead to physical harm or injury. Rushed thinking is also an example of cognitive impulsivity where a person makes decisions without taking the time to weigh the pros and cons or consider all available options. Interrupting a parent on the telephone can also be an example of impulsivity, where the person interrupts without considering if the parent is busy or if the interruption is appropriate.
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President dwight eisenhower promoted civil rights by.
President Dwight Eisenhower promoted civil rights by implementing various legislative measures and policies, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1957, sending federal troops to enforce school desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas, and establishing the Civil Rights Commission.
During his time in office, Eisenhower worked to dismantle racial segregation and protect the rights of African Americans. The Civil Rights Act of 1957, which he signed into law, was the first federal civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. This act strengthened voting rights for African Americans and established a civil rights division within the Department of Justice. It also created the Civil Rights Commission to investigate allegations of voter discrimination.
In 1957, when the governor of Arkansas attempted to block the integration of Little Rock Central High School, President Eisenhower sent in federal troops to enforce the court-ordered desegregation. This action demonstrated his commitment to upholding the law and ensuring equal access to education for all.
Moreover, Eisenhower's administration worked on other aspects of civil rights, such as the desegregation of Washington, D.C., and fighting discrimination in federal employment. Overall, President Dwight Eisenhower played a crucial role in advancing civil rights in the United States, through his commitment to upholding the law and implementing policies that promoted racial equality.
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in the encyclical on social concern, what does the church say are the root causes of structures of sin?
In the Encyclical on Social Concern, the Church identifies the root causes of structures of sin as personal sin and the pursuit of narrow interests.
The Encyclical explains that structures of sin are complex social and economic systems that perpetuate injustice and inequality. These structures are built on the foundation of personal sins committed by individuals who prioritize their own narrow interests above the common good.
This selfishness and disregard for the well-being of others contribute to the development of unjust systems that further perpetuate social issues.
To summarize, according to the Encyclical on Social Concern, the root causes of structures of sin are personal sin and the pursuit of narrow interests, which lead to the creation and perpetuation of unjust social and economic systems.
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The executive leader or presiding officer specified by the Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation, which served as the first constitution of the United States from 1781 to 1789, established a unicameral legislature called the Congress of the Confederation.
The Congress was the primary governing body of the United States under the Articles and consisted of delegates from each of the 13 states.However, the Articles of Confederation did not provide for an executive leader or presiding officer. Instead, the Congress of the Confederation was presided over by a president who was elected by the delegates from among their own number. The president of the Congress was a largely ceremonial position, and the individual who held the position did not have any significant executive powers.
Under the Articles of Confederation, the states retained a great deal of sovereignty, and the federal government was relatively weak. The lack of a strong executive leader was one of the weaknesses of the Articles and was one of the factors that led to the drafting and adoption of the United States Constitution in 1787. The Constitution established a stronger federal government with a separate executive branch headed by a president.
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