Answer: 179 mols
Explanation:
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 atoms
Avogadro’s number: 6.02 x 1023
Use Dimensional Analysis to solve.
(1.08 x 10^26 atoms/1 mole) x (1 mole/ 6.02 x10^23) = (1.08x 10^26)/(6.02x 10^23) = 179.4019934
179 moles
There are 3 significant figures.
as in top hat, draw the lewis structure of pf3 and answer the following questions! name the compound what is the number of valence electrons number the bonding pair of electrons around the central atom. number the number of single bonds.
There are a total of 26 valence electrons in the PF3 Lewis structure. The steric number of a single phosphorus trifluoride (PF3) molecule is four because it has three bonds (between the elements phosphorus and fluorine) and one empty pair of electrons.
The colorless and odorless gas phosphorus trifluoride (PF3) is poisonous in a manner similar to that of carbon monoxide. It spreads throughout the body by attaching to the iron in hemoglobin and preventing the blood from receiving oxygen. In a chemical process, PF3 acts as a nucleophile by donating two electrons. Hybridization, Molecular Geometry, and PF3 Lewis Structure.The number of valence electrons of an atom, which easily interact with the valence electrons of another atom to create a bond, is depicted in a Lewis diagram.
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propose a chemical test that could be used to distinguish the presence of alkene in your product (hint: think about exp 08).
Alkane and alkene distinctions can be made using a straightforward test using bromine water. This enables us to differentiate between alkenes and alkanes using a straightforward chemical test.
The orange solution of bromine is called bromine water. Alkanes and alkenes can be distinguished using bromine water, an orange solution. Alkenes are typically checked for using bromine water. If you shake the test tube after adding an alkene to a sample of bromine water. Similar to how alkene passes through bromine water, bromine's yellow color is removed by colorless solution. A qualitative test for the presence of phenols, anilines, and unsaturated carbon is the bromine decolorization test.
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What is the mass percentage of C in morphine, C₁7H19NOs? Provide an
answer to two decimal places.
The mass percentage of C in morphine would be 4.21%.
What is mass percentage?The mass percentage of a composition in a compound is the mass of the composition relative to the mass of the entire compound. This can be mathematically expressed as:
Mass percentage = mass of component/mass of substance x 100%
In this case, we are looking for the mass percentage of C in [tex]C_{17}H_{19}NO_3[/tex].
Molar weight of C = 12 g/mol
Molar mass of [tex]C_{17}H_{19}NO_3[/tex] = (12x17) + (1x19) + (14x1) + (16x3)
= 285 g/mol
Mass percentage of C = 12/285
= 4.21% to 2 decimal places.
In other words, the mass percentage of C in morphine is 4.21%.
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a reaction that has a large equilibrium constant has hints a. a faster reaction rate than a reaction with a small equilibrium constantb. more reactants then products at equilibriumc. more products then reactants at equilibriumd. equal amounts of products and reactants at equilibrium.
When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are identical, equilibrium has occurred. At equilibrium, the concentrations of each reactant and product are both constant.
The relationship between a reaction's products and reactants at equilibrium is expressed by the equilibrium constant, K. A rise in pressure will cause the reaction to move to the right if there are more reactants than products by moles. It is untrue that a reaction with a higher equilibrium constant value proceeds more quickly than one with a lower equilibrium constant value. The equilibrium constant's value has no bearing on the reaction's rate. The rate constant affects the reaction's rate.
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. when the colors yellow and blue are combined, they produce a green color. which statement most likely describes the relative sizes of the yellow and blue food-coloring molecules in the diagram?
a metabolic pathway capable of producing adenosine triphosphate (atp) rapidly without the involvement of o2 is termed .
Anaerobic glycolysis a metabolic pathway capable of producing adenosine triphosphate (atp) rapidly without the involvement of o2 is termed.
A vital "energy molecule" present in all living things is adenosine 5′-triphosphate, also known as ATP and typically written without the 5′-. In particular, it is a coenzyme that transfers energy to cells by releasing its phosphate groups when it interacts with enzymes like ATP triphosphatase. An adenine bicyclic system, a furanose ring, and a triphosphate chain make up the molecule.
The discovery of ATP was reported in 1929 by two research teams. It was isolated from mammalian muscle and liver by Cyrus H. Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow at Harvard Medical School (Boston). Karl Lohmann discovered it in muscle tissues while working for the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes in Berlin and Heidelberg. The principal energy source for critical biological processes such muscular contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and protein synthesis is ATP generated in mitochondria.
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The standard emf for the cell using the overall cell reaction below is =2.20 V:
2Al(s) + 3I2(s) ? 2Al3+ (aq) + 6I- (aq)
The emf (voltage) generated by the cell when [Al3+] = 4.0 x 10-3 M and [I-] = 0.015 M
is_______ V
The cell produces an emf of 2.32 V. For this cell reaction at 25 degrees Celsius, use the Nernst equation. where n represents the number of electrons exchanged during the cellular process.
What is the typical EMF this cell produces?According to measurements, the electromotive force (EMF) is 1.100 V. The standard condition is specified as a concentration of 1 M in an ideal solution, and as a result, 1.100 V is the standard electromotive force, DEo, or standard cell potential for the Zn–Cu galvanic cell.
How is the average Ecell determined?Due to the larger standard reduction potential of the silver half-cell, the reduction will occur. The half-cell of tin will oxidize. The formula E0cell=E0red+E0oxid can be used to get the overall cell potential.
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At constant T and P, 2.0 L of nitrogen gas are combined with 6.0 L of hydrogen gas to form ammonia. Which of the following statements correctly describe the outcome of the reaction, assuming it goes to completion? Select all that apply.
When the reaction is completed, only NH3 is present.
The product occupies a volume of 4.0 L under these conditions.
N2 combines with H2 in a 1:3 ratio.
The observations that are applied are as follows:
NH3 is present.
N2 combines with H2 in a 1:3 ratio.
When nitrogen reacts with hydrogen, it yields ammonia. The chemical equation can be expressed as follows:
N2(g) +3H2(g)---> 2 NH3(g)
The stochiometric ratio in which nitrogen and hydrogen reacts is the ratio 1:3. And the when the reaction is completed, only NH3 is present. At constant T and P, 2.0 L of nitrogen gas are combined with 6.0 L of hydrogen gas to form ammonia.
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The volume of a gas in a flexible container changes from 4L to 40L. What happened to the temperature which caused this change in volume?
A. It dropped to 1/36 of the original Kelvin temperature.
B. It dropped tO 1/10th of the original Kelvin temperature.
C. It increased 36x.
D. It increased 10x.
Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. Therefore, the correct option is option D. Ideal gas is a hypothetical gas. Vanderwaal gas behave as ideal gas at low pressure and high temperature.
What is ideal gas equation?Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.
Mathematically,
PV=nRT
where,
P = pressure
V= volume
n =number of moles
T =temperature
R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol
From above relation, we can see that volume and temperature is directly proportional to temperature. On increasing volume, temperature will also increase with the same factor. It will increased by 10x.
Therefore, the correct option is option D.
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in the following compound, how many lone pairs of electrons does the nitrogen atom bear? (enter answer as a number.)
The nitrogen molecule's molecular formula is N2. The triple bonds that hold the nitrogen atoms together. They each possess a single pair of electrons as a result. Consequently, there are two lone pairs overall.
A lone pair and three covalent bonds commonly encircle nitrogen in its typical, no-formal charge configuration. In (a), the nitrogen atom shares three bonding pairs with another atom, has one lone pair, and has a total of five valence electrons. This brings us full circle back to the nitrogen atom. The nitrogen molecule's molecular formula is N2. The triple bonds that hold the nitrogen atoms together. They each possess a single pair of electrons as a result. Imine nitrogen's lone pair electrons are located in a sp2 hybrid orbital, whereas amine nitrogen's lone pair electrons are located in an sp3 hybrid orbital.
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g which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via positron emission? na-26 i-121 ca-42 s-30 sb-122
In order to balance out nuclides with an unbalanced protons to neutrons ratio, decay is used.generating a neutrino and a positron (01e+) (v).
What results from the MG 23 positron decay?There are 12 protons & 11 neutrons in magnesium-23.The ratio of neutrons to protons is 11:12, or 0.92:1.As a result of positron emission, sodium-23 is created.
What is the result of NA 22 emitting positrons?A synthetic isotope called sodium-22 has a half-life about 2.6 years.It undergoes a steady neon-22 decay, producing a positron (+ decay).
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Oxalic acid (HC2H2O4HC2H2O4) is a weak acid found in the leaves of rhubarb. Which of the following solutions will have the highest pH?
a) 0.00075 M H2C2O40.00075 M H2C2O4
b) 1.0×10−4 M1.0×10−4 M H2C2O4H2C2O4
c) 1.0 M H2C2O41.0 M H2C2O4
d) 0.5 M H2C2O4
b) 1.0×10−4 M1.0×10−4 M H2C2O4H2C2O4 will have the Highest pH among the solutions.
When compared to strong acid, does oxalic acid produce less H ions?A weak acid is what oxalic acid is. It is not as strong as H3O+ ion (water). However, it is more potent than acids like acetic, sulfuric, nitrous, and benzoic. First of all, it is an organic substance, and organic substances are often not strong acids. Dicarboxylic acid is another name for oxalic acid.
How can you determine the pH of an amalgamation of weak bases and weak acids?Similar to how the weak acid in the example was calculated, a weak base's solution can also be calculated to determine its pH. However, the concentration of the hydroxide ion will be represented by the variable x.
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construct a multistep synthetic route for the synthesis of acetylene from ethane by identifying the reagents and products of each step. note that each bin will hold only one item, and not every given reagent or structure will be used. (stoichiometry is omitted.)
Acetylene is made from ethane by the following synthetic process:
Reagent 1: Photobromination, Br2, and hv.
Reagent 2: Dehydrobromination using (CH3)3COK+.
Reagent 3: Bromination (Br2).
NaNH2, Elimination is Reagent 4.
What is the route for synthesis?
A synthetic pathway is the method utilised to produce a specific good. In order to study the precise components from which the desired product might be formed, chemists may need to be able to look backward.
(1) To convert ethane to bromoethane, Br2, h, and photobromination are needed as reagents.
(2) To convert bromoethane to ethene, the second necessary reagent is (CH3)3COK+, dehydrobromination.
(3) Ethene to 1,2-dibromoethane requires the following reagent:
Bromination, Br2.
(4) To convert 1,2-dibromoethane to ethyne, reagent 4 is needed.
NaNH2, eradication
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The complete question is :
Construct a multistep synthetic route for the synthesis of acetylene from ethane by identifying the reagents and products of each step. Note that each bin will hold only one item, and not every given reagent or structure will be used. (Stoichiometry is omitted.)
1. reagent 1 H3C—CH3
2. reagent 2 H-C=C—H(ethane) (acetylene)
3. reagent 3
4. reagent 4
Classify the radicals into the appropriate categories. Primary Secondary Tertiary Allylic Answer Bank (CH3)2CHCH2CH2 HC H3C H3C
The formation of free radicals in the organic reaction takes place when the bond is cleavage homolytically. Free radicals are species with a single electron and thus, they are electron deficient in nature.
A free radical may be primary, secondary or tertiary depending upon the number of H-atoms attached to it. Further, the free radicals may be categorized as alkyl, allyl or benzyl radicals.
Primary free radicals: When radical is attached to two H-atoms.
Secondary free radicals: When radical is attached to one H-atoms.
Tertiary free radicals: When radical is not attached to any H-atoms.
Allylic free radicals: When radical is attached to two H-atoms and is in conjugation (resonance) with double bond.
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A solution of hydrochloric acid needs to be neutralized by barium solution. The beaker on top shows a hydrochloric acid solution.
Which of the beakers containing barium hydroxide will just neutralize the beaker of hydrochloric acid shown?
A solution of hydrochloric acid needs to be neutralized by barium solution -Beaker
The combination of H+ ions and OH- ions produces water in a neutralization reaction, which occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and salt. A strong acid and strong base neutralized by one another has a pH of 7.
For instance, sodium chloride and water are produced when HCl (hydrochloric acid), a powerful acid, reacts with NaOH, a powerful base.
Given A solution of hydrochloric acid needs to be neutralized by barium solution.
In the given beaker no of Cl- = 4 and H- = 4
For neutralizing, no. of [H+] in acid = no. of OH− in base.
If we go through the options
No. of H+ in acid in beaker = 4
Beaker B contains 4 OH− is.
So option(b) is correct.
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match each level of protein structure with the covalent/non-covalent interaction or entropic driving force that is featured in its construction.
Primary -- covalent/peptide bonds, Secondary --- Hydrogen bonds, Tertiary -- Hydrophobic effect, Quaternary -- Disulfide bonds.
A covalent bond is created among two or more atoms by the mutual sharing with one or more electron pairs. The 2 different atomic nuclei lure these charged particles at the same time. When the thing that is different in electronegativity values of two or more atoms is too slight for transfer of electrons to form ions, a polar covalent forms. A hydrogen bond (or H-bond) in science is a mainly electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom tightly attached to an more electronegative "donor" atom or group (Dn) and then another electronegative atom carrying a solitary pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor (Ac). The hydrophobic effect relates to non-polar molecules and single - molecule sections in a water - soluble solution's tendency to avoid making interaction with molecules of water.
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which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via positron emission? na-26 i-121 ca-42 s-30 sb-122
The following nuclides are most likely to decay via positron emission is S - 30 because it has lowest value of the N/Z value.
The one which have the lowest N / Z value will undergo the positron emission. N is the number of the neutron and Z is the number of the proton.
1) Na - 26 = number of neutron / no. of proton
= 15 / 11
= 1.3
2) I -121 = 68 / 53
= 1.2
3) Ca - 42 = 22 / 20
= 1.1
4) S - 30 = 14 / 16
= 0.8
5) Sb - 122 = 71 / 51
= 1.3
Thus , S - 30 has the lowest N/Z value.
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at resting potential the ion distribution inside and outside of a neuron is such that ....... ions are most abundant on the outside of the cell while ........ ions are most abundant on the inside of the cell
sodium; potassium
In a neuron at resting potential, potassium ions are more prevalent inside the cell than sodium ions are, with sodium ions being more prevalent on the exterior of the cell.
The arrangement of charged ions throughout the cell membrane causes a difference in electrical potential between the inside of the cell and the surrounding area. Membrane potential is the name given to this. It takes energy to maintain the voltage differential across the cell membrane when it is quiescent. Continuously, the sodium-potassium pump removes three sodium ions from the cell for every two potassium ions it brings in.
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the half equivalence point is in the middle of the buffer region. in order to reach the half equivalence point in their titration, veronica needed to add 24.47 ml of koh to 50.00 ml of 0.368 m hf. what is the concentration of conjugate base at the half equivalence point? note: do not use scientific notation or units in your response. sig figs will not be graded in this question, enter your response to four decimal places. carmen may add or remove digits from your response, your submission will still be graded correctly if this happens.
The concentration of conjugate base at the half equivalence point should be 0.347 M.
Moles of HF = molarity × volume ( in L )
= 0.342 × 50/1000
= 0.0171 mol
Since, at half equivalence point, exactly half of the acid in the buffer solution has reacted with the titrants.
So, moles of KOH = 0.0171/2 mol
molarity of KOH = moles / volume (in L)
= (0.0171 / 2 mol) / 24.63 L / 1000
= 0.0171 × 1000 / 2 × 24.63
= 0.347 M
Therefore, the concentration of conjugate base at the half equivalence point is 0.347 M.
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Which of the following compound(s) could be used as starting material(s) make an amide in just 1 step, using reactions we learned in Chapter 21? Select all that apply! O an ester O a carboxylic acid O a nitrile O an anhydride another amide O an acid chloride
The correct answer is carboxylic acid. Option B.
In a similar reaction, a coupling agent such as DCC can be used to prepare amides by the reaction of carboxylic acids with amines. Simple amides can be made by reacting acid anhydrides with amines. Finally, amides can be formed from the direct reaction of carboxylic acids and amines.
Amides are generally prepared by coupling a carboxylic acid with an amine using a coupling agent or by first converting the carboxylic acid to a derivative. Alternative methods include Staudinger ligation, aminocarbonylation of aryl halides, and oxidative amidation of aldehydes. Amides can be hydrolyzed in the presence of aqueous acids.
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look at the given synthesis and the provided reagents. fill in the blanks with the single letter code of the appropriate reagent, or the appropriate descriptive vocabulary word/phrase to complete the description. remember the computer is very literal so check your spelling carefully.
The reagent are used in the chemical reaction to cause the chemical reaction or the test performed if one occurred.
The reagents are the compounds or the mixture that are added to the chemical reaction in order to start the chemical reaction. The reagent is not necessarily be consumed during the chemical reaction. the reagent is used to identify the compound or to measure the substance if it is present in the reaction.
The reagent is the initiator , solvent , catalyst etc. the example of the reagents are : Tollen's reagent , Fehling's reagent , Fenton's reagent and collins reagent etc.
The question is incomplete, I answer the question in general according to my knowledge.
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According to simple valence bond theory (no promotion/hybridization), which of the following species would not form a bond with carbon? Consider the electronic configuration of the ground state of the element
(a) LiC
(b) BeC
(c) BC
(d) C2
(e) CN
BeC will will not form a pair because no free element is available with Be.
The elements given in the above question is as follow,
Now consider the ground state of given element we get,
[tex]Li=1s^2,2S^1\\Be=1s^2,2S^2\\B=1s^2,2S^2,2p^1\\C=1s^2,2S^2,2p^2\\N=1s^2,2S^2,2p^3[/tex]
Now, for balance bond theory,
Consider,
a) LiC
[tex]Li=1S^2,2S^1\\C=1S^2,2S^2,2P^2[/tex]
It will form a bond because unpaired electrons are present.
b)Bec
[tex]Be=1s^2,2S^2\\C=1s^2,2S^2,2p^2[/tex]
If will not form a pair because no free element is available with Be.
c)BC
[tex]B=1s^2,2S^2,2p^1\\C=1s^2,2S^2,2p^2[/tex]
It will form a bond because unpaired electrons are present in Boron and carbon.
d)[tex]C_2[/tex]
[tex]C=1s^2,2S^2,2p^2[/tex]
It will form a bond because unpaired electrons are present.
e)CN
[tex]C=1s^2,2S^2,2p^2\\N=1s^2,2S^2,2p^3[/tex]
It will form a bond because unpaired electrons are present.
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What is ΔH∘rxn for the following chemical reaction?
CO(g)+NH3(g)→HCN(g)+H2O(g)
You can use the following table of standard heats of formation (ΔH∘f) to calculate the enthalpy of the given reaction.
Element/ Compound Standard Heat of Formation (kJ/mol) Element/ Compound Standard Heat of Formation (kJ/mol)
H(g) 218 N(g) 473
H2(g) 0 O2(g) 0
NH3(g) −45.90 O(g) 249
CO(g) −110.5 H2O(g) −241.8kJ
C(g) 71 HCN(g) 130.5kJ
C(s) 0 HNO3(aq) −206.6
Express the standard enthalpy of reaction to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
To calculate the standard enthalpy of reaction (ΔH∘rxn) for the given chemical reaction, we need to use the equation for enthalpy of reaction, which is:
ΔH∘rxn = Σ(ΔH∘f products) - Σ(ΔH∘f reactants)
where ΔH∘f is the standard heat of formation for a given compound, and the summation symbol (Σ) indicates that we need to sum the values for all of the products and reactants in the reaction.
In this case, we are given the standard heats of formation for the products and reactants in the reaction:
CO(g)+NH3(g)→HCN(g)+H2O(g)
We can use these values to calculate the enthalpy of reaction, as follows:
ΔH∘rxn = Σ(ΔH∘f products) - Σ(ΔH∘f reactants)
= (ΔH∘f HCN + ΔH∘f H2O) - (ΔH∘f CO + ΔH∘f NH3)
= (130.5 kJ + −241.8 kJ) - (−110.5 kJ + −45.90 kJ)
= (−111.3 kJ) - (−156.4 kJ)
= 45.1 kJ
Therefore, the standard enthalpy of reaction for the given chemical reaction is 45.1 kJ to three significant figures. This value represents the amount of heat that is absorbed or released when the reactants are converted into products, and it can be used to predict the energetics of the reaction under standard conditions.
During the molecular modeling lab, you were told to consider the importance that molecular geometry has on polarity. Which of the following list of molecules would you classify as polar? [Hint: It may be helpful to sketch the structures to determine polarity.] I. PF5 II. SF4 III. SiO2 IV. H2S V. CI2 O II + IV O I + III O III + IV O IV + IO III
Molecules (II) and (IV) that is SF4 and H2S are polar.
In polar molecules, the electron density is unevenly distributed throughout the molecule, resulting in some regions of negative charge and some regions of positive charge. Molecular polarity depends on both individual bond polarities and molecular geometry, the latter of which can be predicted using his VSEPR theory.
Reason :
In molecule (I), molecule is symmetrical all polar bond cancel out polarity of each other so molecule is non-polar.
In molecule (II), molecule is asymmetrical, having a lone pair so molecule is polar.
In molecule (III), molecule is linear, bond polarity cancel out each other, so molecule is non-polar.
In molecule (IV), molecule is bent (asymmetric) having two lone pair, molecule is polar.
In molecule (V), no bond polarity, hence molecule is non-polar.
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2. Write Informative Texts What type of
change must occur for pure substances to
combine into new materials? Name a few
kinds of synthetic materials that can be
produced by this type of change
Answer:
Read below
Explanation:
In order for pure substances to combine into new materials, a chemical change must occur. This type of change involves the rearrangement and/or reorganization of the atoms in the substances, resulting in the formation of new substances with different chemical and physical properties.
Some examples of synthetic materials that can be produced through chemical changes include plastics, ceramics, and various types of composites. Plastics are synthetic polymers that can be molded into a variety of shapes and are known for their durability and versatility. Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials that are made by heating and then cooling clay and other materials. Composites, on the other hand, are materials made from two or more different substances that are combined to create a material with improved properties, such as increased strength or durability.
Draw the major organic product(s) of the following reactions including stereochemistry when it is appropriate. H2O/H2SO4 Hgo . Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. If no reaction occurs, draw the organic starting material. - Separate multiple products using the + sign from the drop-down menu
The major organic product of the following reactions including stereochemistry when it is appropriate will be (2-methylallyl)benzene (Structure attached).
The keto-enol tautomerism will result in the formation of ketone upon hydration of the alkyne. To initiate the process of forming an enol, hydrogen and a hydroxy group is introduced across the triple bond. Enol undergoes tautomerism to produce ketone. The reaction that is described further down is facilitated by mercuric oxide. The major organic product of the given reactions including stereochemistry when it is appropriate will be (2-methylallyl)benzene. The structure of reactants and products along with the mechanism and the catalyst are given in the attached picture.
Complete question is attached.
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the rf of a compound on a tlc plate will likely increase as you increase the polarity of the developing solvent.
The Rf value of a compound is generally equal to the distance that is traveled by the compound divided by the distance traveled by the solvent front.
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a widely used separation technique for the quantitative and qualitative analysis. It uses a thin layer of a stationary phase that is coated on a glass, plastic, or also on aluminum plate. A liquid solvent that is called the mobile phase generally carries the sample and separates it as it moves across the plate. It offers the advantages of simplicity, sensitivity, and rapid analysis over other separation techniques.
The stronger a compound is bound to the adsorbent , the slower it moves on the TLC plate. Non-polar compounds move up the plate most rapidly because of the higher Rf value, whereas polar substances will travel up the TLC plate slowly or not at all due to the lower Rf value.
The Rf value is a ratio, and it represents the relative distance between the spot traveled compared to the distance it could have traveled if it was moved with the solvent front. An Rf of 0.55 means the spot moved 55% as far as the solvent front, or a little more than halfway.
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when 15.00 g co and 5 g of h2 are mixed and reacted in the following reaction, how many grams of methane gas are produced. 3h2 co --> ch4 h20
Considered are two simultaneous responses involving five species: (Reaction 1) CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2 CO + H2O CO2 + H2 (reaction 2) The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction is reaction number two.
Find the limiting reaction by what method?
By dividing the number of moles of each reactant by its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation, you may determine which reactant is the limiting one. Calculate the maximum number of moles of product that can be produced from the limiting reactant using mole ratios.
How do you identify the limiting and excess reactant?
The limiting reagent is the one that yields the least amount of the final product. The excess reagent is the reactant that yields more product than any other. Subtract the mass of excess reagent eaten from the total mass of excess reagent provided to determine the amount of surplus reactant that is still present.
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accelerating hydrogen absorption and desorption rates in palladium nanocubes with an ultrathin surface modification
An incredibly intriguing Palladium approach to high-rate energy storage and distribution is to take advantage of the high surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials by storing energy in the form of electrochemical alloys.
Palladium hydride at the nanoscale is a great model system for learning how characteristics at the nanoscale influence the absorption and desorption of energy-carrying equivalents. In shape-controlled Pd nanostructures, hydrogen absorption and desorption do not take place uniformly throughout the surface of the nanoparticles. Instead, high-activity spots at the corners and edges are used to selectively absorb and desorb hydrogen. With such a process, the benefits of shrinking the palladium's size to the nanoscale are significantly diminished. We alter the palladium surface with an incredibly thin platinum shell to resolve this. This alteration allows diffusion to occur across the entire Pd/Pt surface and practically eliminates the barrier to hydrogen absorption (89 kJ/mol without a Pt shell and 1.8 kJ/mol with a Pt shell).
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in applying this method to other reactions, could the reactant mole ratio for all reactions be found using this method
The reactant mole ratio for all reactions discovered using this method must be met in order to apply this method to other reactions. Furthermore, the reactant molar ratios for each reaction must be known in order to determine the mole ratio in which the principal reactants react.
To adjust the reaction temperature, water was added to reaction mixtures A through E. In this experiment, KCr,O- was chosen as the source of dichromate ions because it is a strong oxidising agent that is easily converted into dichromate ions.The mole ratio is the ratio of the mole amounts of any two compounds in an equitable chemical reaction. The balance chemical equation compares the ratios of the molecules required to complete the reaction. It calculates how much of one substance is required to produce a certain amount of another substance using the mole ratios between the different parts of the reaction.
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