Condensation processes include the formation of bonds between molecules and their combining, with the consequent loss of a water molecule. Since a chemical bond is being broken by the addition of water and frequently with the help of an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction, hydrolysis is related with bond breaking.
A hydrolysis reaction is the opposite of a condensation reaction in terms of the chemical process involved. In a condensation reaction, two or more smaller molecules combine to form a larger molecule, releasing a water molecule as a byproduct.
This process is also known as dehydration synthesis because it removes water to form a bond between molecules.
On the other hand, in a hydrolysis reaction, a larger molecule is broken down into smaller molecules by the addition of a water molecule.
The water molecule is split into its components, with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attaching to one part of the molecule and a hydrogen ion (H+) attaching to the other part, effectively breaking the bond between the two subunits.
In summary, a condensation reaction builds larger molecules by removing water, while a hydrolysis reaction breaks down larger molecules by adding water.
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Why are chloroplasts more on one side of a cell than the other
You would be referring to the plant cell.
Answer:
Chloroplasts may be seen on all six sides of a plant cell, which is a three-dimensional entity with typically moderately rounded corners (not in the centre because a big central vacuole fills a very large part of the volume). Chloroplasts are constantly being rearranged by the cell since they are not set in place. Chloroplasts are typically located close to so-called periclinal cell walls, which are oriented in the same 2D orientation as the leaf surface under low light. Chloroplasts seem to "escape" to the anticlinal walls in bright light. Better light harvesting in low light by exposing every chloroplast to light and photoprotection by mutual shading in strong light are likely the fitness benefits provided by this behavior. In the dark, chloroplasts also gravitate toward the anticlinal walls. Thin leaves of submerged aquatic plants like Elodea can be used as microscope specimens to observe chloroplast motions. One can gauge how much light gets through a leaf in land plants. What I just said concerning the top layer(s) of leaves' "palisade parenchyma cells" is accurate. Most of the chloroplasts are found in these cells. Numerous cells in the spongy parenchyma under the palisade layer lack well marked peri and anticlinal walls.
How did plant cells incorporate chloroplasts in their DNA?
Chloroplasts must reproduce in a manner akin to that of some bacterial species, in which the chloroplast DNA is duplicated first, followed by binary fission of the organelle (a kind of protein band that constricts so that two daughter organelles bud off). As a result of some chloroplast DNA actually being integrated into the plant genome (a process known as endosymbiotic gene transfer), it is now controlled in the nucleus of the plant cell itself.
Why is radiometric dating of Carbon not a useful means to determine the age of the earth? What should we use instead of Carbon?
Answer:
Geologists do not use carbon-based radiometric dating to determine the age of rocks. Carbon dating only works for objects that are younger than about 50,000 years, and most rocks of interest are older than that
Explanation:
When we refer to the APHOTIC ZONE of the ocean, what do we mean? A. This is the very shallow part of the ocean. B. This is the part of the ocean where there is NOT enough light to support photosynthesis. C. This is the part of the ocean where light penetrates and plants can grow.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
B. This is the part of the ocean where there is NOT enough light to support photosynthesis
Answer:b
Explanation:
how does carbon dioxide affect the ecosystem
As a greenhouse gas that absorbs heat, CO2 raises the temperature of the atmosphere. We refer to this as global warming. The glaciers will melt more quickly as the world's temperature rises, raising sea levels and bringing on disaster. More power is consumed for air conditioning as the temperature rises, which further raises the air's CO2 level.
Since coal is the primary fuel utilized in the creation of power. This creates a vicious cycle.
Pls solve this fast
Which type of archaebacteria lives in environments where there are extremely high temperatures?
Answer:
I hope this helps.
Explanation:
Rudolph the Reindeer has a red nose (n), which is a recessive trait. Betsy the Reindeer has a black nose (N), which is a dominant trait, and she does not carry the recessive allele. Assume the rules of human genetics also apply to reindeer.
A. Either NN or Nn
B. Nn
C. NN
D. nn
Answer: black, black, black, red
Explanation:
If there is a dominant allele present, any recessive alleles are ignored and the reindeer displays the trait associated with the dominant allele.
Therefore A, B, and C have black noses because they have 1 or more dominant alleles
D has two recessive alleles so it displays the recessive trait.
Hope this helps.
Answer:
B. Nn
Explanation:
We know Betsy does not have recessive allele which means she is a homozygous dominant, NN. Rudolph has a red nose which is recessive trait, to get a recessive trait you need to be homozyogus recessive, nn.
Now, if you cross NN x nn (assuming you know how to do punnet squares), all the offsprings will be Nn (black nosed)
Hope its right!
Which of the following statements is most accurate about how individual atoms produce light?
Group of answer choices
Electrons can spontaneously emit a photon of light without dropping to lower energy levels.
Light is not created by atoms, it just passes through them.
Photons are emitted when an electron jumps to higher energy levels in an atom.
An electron in an excited energy level of an atom will always drop to lower energy levels, emitting very specific wavelengths of light in the process.
Answer:
An electron in an excited energy level of an atom will always drop to lower energy levels, emitting very specific wavelengths of light in the process.
what is personality in psychology ?
Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that examines personality and its variation among individuals. It aims to show how people are individually different due to psychological forces.
what roles can human beings play to balance nature
Hello!
Roles humans can play to balance nature :
Plant more trees to account for the loss of trees caused by deforestationConserve energy so we don't overuse our natural resourcesCause less pollution by contributing to more eco-friendly activitiesAnswer:
Human can play the following roles to balance nature:
We can decrease the burning of fossil fuels so that less pollution is produced.Family planning will reduce overpopulation to some extent.We should try not to cut trees so that the trees are safe and the habitats of animals aren't destroyed.There should be certain organizations set up that encourage people to plant more trees.The water that is not drinkable should be converted to drinkable water by several means.[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs. Match the type of evidence for evolution to the correct example. Analogous structures, DNA Sequence, Vesitgal structures, homologous strutcures
Analogous structures include wings in birds and insects homo-logous structures are DNA sequences due to a common origin, and a vestigial structure can be the human appendix.
What are analogous structures?Analogous structures are traits that have the same function but they originated in different lineages.
Conversely, homo-logous structures have the same common origin but they may play different functions.
In conclusion, wings in different taxonomic groups may represent analogous structures, DNA sequences are homo-logous structures when they have the same ansestor and the human appendix is a vestigial structure.
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¿What is the Kingdom Plantae?
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¿What is the Kingdom Plantae?
It is one that is composed of multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic, anaerobic and immobile organisms whose reproduction is sexual or asexual.
They are classified in :-
Angiosperms Gymnosperms.I hope I've helped : )
Answer:
It is one that is composed of multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic, anaerobic and immobile organisms whose reproduction is sexual or asexual.
If a hypothesis is supported by data from repeated experiments, it is proven to be true.
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
because after proving and trying out the particular hypothesis indeed it is true
Choose the appearance of a liquid in the kettle that is heated to simmer.
Answer:
The liquid in the kettle will be simmering if it is just below the boiling point. The liquid will be hot, but not boiling, and there will be bubbles rising to the surface.
Explanation:
A scientist uses material in her lab to cut a DNA sample into fragments.What process is the scientist using
The process used by the scientist who uses a material to cut DNA sample into fragments is gel electrophoresis.
What is gel electrophoresis?Gel electrophoresis is a biological method for the separation and analysis of large molecules by migrating a colloidal solution of them through a gel medium.
Gel electrophoresis separates small molecules of DNA or protein based on their charge and size.
Therefore, the process used by the scientist who uses a material to cut DNA sample into fragments is gel electrophoresis.
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Solve for c
a ( c + b ) = d help me
Based on the model simulation of the carbon cycle, what happens when you increase the plant biomass?
Atmosphereic co2 decreases
Atmospbereic co2 stays the same
Atmospheric co2 increases
Based on the carbon cycle simulation model, what happens when you increase plant biomass is that atmospheric CO2 decreases. because in the cellular respiration of the plants they will consume more carbon.
How do plants influence the carbon cycle?Plants, through the process of respiration, also absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen unlike animals. The carbon deposited in the soil can undergo alterations, turning into fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, in addition to forming diamonds, graphite and coal mines, among others.
With this information, we can conclude that based on the carbon cycle simulation model, what happens when you increase plant biomass is that atmospheric CO2 decreases. because in the cellular respiration of the plants they will consume more carbon.
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Lab Report experiment about lima beans plant
Lima beans in soil of pH 6.8 grew better than that in soil of pH 7.9 showing that a slightly acidic soil is best for growth of Lima beans.
What is the purpose of the experiment?The purpose of the experiment is to determine the effect of soil pH of growth of Lima beans.
Lima beans is known to have maximum growth in soil pH of 6.0 to 6.8.
The Lima beans are planted in soil of pH 7.9 (watered with creek water) and soil of pH 6.8 (watered with a solution of Miracle grow).
It was observed after ten days, that the Lima beans in soil of pH 6.8 grew better than that in soil of pH 7.9 which did not grow.
In conclusion, Lima beans grows best in soil of pH that is slightly acidic.
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What are the precautions of asthma
Asthma is basically a bronchial infection in which the bronchi actually swells and whenever, mucus gets deposit in bronchi it creates problem in breathing which leads to a asthmatic attack. It is considered as a universal chronic disease. As it lasts for a long span of time if not cured at early age. In modern science there is no medication discovered to cure it permanently. However, some drugs has been introduced which provide temporary relief.
Asthma can be cured by following these simple steps:-
1.Yoga and regular exercise :- Yoga and physical exercises helps a lot to overcome from breathing problems . Pranayams such as Anilom-Vilom and Kapaalbhati are considered as the best yoga exercises for asthmatic patient. About 30 to 45 min of daily yoga can bring a magical change.
2.Precaution's and Prevention's :-
• Keep yourself away from dusty places.
• Fried and spicy food should be avoided.
• Avoid cold places such as AC rooms.
• Don't eat foods creating mucus, such as curd, rice etc.
• Take light dinner about 2 to 2.5 hours before going to bed.
3.Have faith in yourself :- The last but the most important thing required to cure asthma is your faith in yourself. You must have faith and patience. It looks funny that faith can cure a disease but it's a real truth. There is a quote for faith that
“Faith can move mountains”
It means faith have so much of power that it can move even mountains. But here, we have to fight with a simple disease which is extremely easy.
I need help pleaseeee
Answer:
Explanation:
1. The genotype is Ff for both
2 The phenotype is having freckles
3. FF, Ff, Ff, ff
4. 75% freckles 25% no freckles
Answer:
1.) Genotype = Ff
2.) Phenotype = having freckles
3.) Possible Genotypes = FF, Ff, ff
Probability of each Genotype = 25% FF, 50% Ff, and 25% ff
4.) Possible Phenotypes = Freckles and no freckles
Probability of each Phenotype = 75% freckles and 25% no freckles
Explanation:
1.) A genotype is the specific combination of alleles which give rise to a trait. Alleles are represented by the letters (F and f).
Heterozygous individuals have one of each type of allele. Therefore, the genotype of the couple is Ff.
2.) Phenotypes are the trait which the genotypes are expressing. When an allele is said to be dominant (like the F allele), it means that individuals with at least one of these alleles will express the associated trait. Remember, heterozygous individuals have one dominant allele (F) and one recessive allele (f). Because there is at least one dominant allele, the phenotype of the couple is to have freckles.
Why does the heart automatically adjust the flow of blood to match activity levels?
A. Extreme activity damages blood cells and the body needs replacements.
B. The heart requires more oxygen when exercising.
C
It reduces the level of oxygen in the blood.
D. Organs and muscles require more blood under stress.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
it builds up higher level of oxygen in the bloof
Halons and cfc’s both _______. a. inhibit ozone formation b. cause ozone formation in the troposphere c. destroy ozone in the stratosphere d. cause excess ozone formation in the stratosphere please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Halons and cfc’s both destroy ozone layer in the stratosphere.
Chemicals with carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms are known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and they are neither poisonous nor combustible. They are employed as solvents, refrigerants, blowing agents for foams and packaging materials, and in the production of aerosol sprays.Halons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and chlorofluorocarbons all damage the ozone layer, which protects the planet from damaging ultraviolet (UV-B) rays from the sun. Additionally warming the earth's lower atmosphere, CFCs and HCFCs alter the climate on a global scale.Life on earth is made possible by the stratospheric ozone layer, which protects the planet from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) rays. Ozone in the upper atmosphere is destroyed by man-made substances such halons, hydrofluorocarbons, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)learn more about ozone here: https://brainly.com/question/520639
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Pls help me will give 10 points to you. Pls help me .
Answer:
From my analysis, that would be Q (6:00am).
Because the sun makes someone's shadow appear longer at sunrise.
And the time which the sun rises on a standard meridian at the equator would be 6:00 am.
Hope this helps
Good luck ✅
Place a check mark next to each star that is only fusing hydrogen into helium at this time.
The stars that are only fusing hydrogen into helium at this time are :
Star 1 Star 2 and Star 3 Characteristic of a star fusing hydrogen into heliumA star fusing hydrogen into helium is categorised as a main sequence star. As a star continues to fuse hydrogen into helium, energy is released in the process and the luminosity of the star increases as well. An example of a star that has completely fused hydrogen into helium is the sun. A giant red star signifies that the star is out of hydrogen it uses for nuclear fusion.
Hence we can conclude that the stars undergoing hydrogen fusion into helium are stars 1, 2 and 3
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Ecosystems change when _______. a. living components of an ecosystem change b. nonliving components of an ecosystem change c. their stability is disrupted d. all of the above please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Ecosystems change when all of the above components listed change ie, living components of an ecosystem, nonliving components of an ecosystem, or their stability is disrupted.
Hence correct option is D.
A community of creatures and their physical environment make up an ecosystem.Ecosystems can be terrestrial, aquatic, or marine and come in a variety of sizes. The term "biome" refers to broad classifications of terrestrial ecosystems. Ecosystems, the dynamic network of living and nonliving things in a place, change gradually over time. New plants and animals either thrive or suffer when they are introduced to a region. Sometimes thriving species suppress native species. The system as a whole starts to shift when this occurs.If the living components i.e., flora and fauna of the ecosystem change then there will be increase or decrease in food availability and either surge in predators or no predators at all. hence it will greatly affect the ecosystem.non living components such as temperature, water availability, natural calamities can also affect the ecosystem. it can lead to extinction or migration from one place while influx of immigration to another.if the stability of ecosystem is disrupted due to change in living and non living components then also the ecosystem will be affected.hence all of the above options are correct.
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During which period did mammals first appear? a. pleistocene b. carboniferous c. cretaceous d. jurassic please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
What process occurs as a zygote becomes a blastocyst? meiosis cleavage division fertilization ovulation
The zygote is split into the blastula after fertilization. The three germ layers develop in the blastula, which in some species is a hollow ball of cells, during a process known as gastrulation.
Fertilization :
The majority of animal reproduction is comparable to human reproduction. Additionally, animals create gametes for fusion. Gamete fusion, however, can happen inside or outside of the body.
Type of fertilization :
internal and external fertilization.
How does fertilization work, for insinstance ?
A reproductive technique that involved joining a male and a female germ cell—each with a single, haploid pair of chromosomes—to produce a diploid cell known as a zygote.
Pre-embryo is a collection of blastomeres formed by cleavage divisions.
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Answer:
the correct answer is b. cleavage division
Explanation:
What is the expected phenotypic ratio for a cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for a given trait? Use one of Mendel's pea plant traits as an example.
The expected phenotypic ratio for a cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for a given trait is 3:1.
What is Phenotype?This is referred to the physical characteristics of an organism such as the size, shape etc.
When two heterozygous traits are crossed:
Rr × Rr ⇒ RR Rr Rr rr
The ratio is therefore 3:1 of the dominant to recessive phenotype.
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What is the last step of DNA replication?
Everything is proofread to eliminate mistakes.
The sugar-phosphate backbone is constructed.
New complementary bases pair with the “old” bases.
The backbone bonds to the bases, and the bases bond to each other.
The last step of DNA replication is when everything is proofread to eliminate mistakes.
That is option A.
What is DNA replication?DNA replication includes series of processes whereby a cell uses its DNA to make new copies of its DNA in the cells.
There are various steps in DNA replication and the last of the steps is called termination.
In this last step of DNA replication, an enzyme called exonuclease proofreads the newly formed DNA to check, remove and replace any errors.
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b. Describe how DNA and proteins influence the traits that are passed from generation to generation. You
must list and define the words "allele", "genotype" and "phenotype" in your explanation.
DNA and proteins influence the traits that are passed from generation to generation through the process known as meiosis.
What is Meiosis?This is a cell division which involves the parent cells giving rise to four unique daughter cells.
DNA contains the genetic instruction and is gotten from both parents which is copied through proteins which gives rise to allele being formed. The genetic constituent is referred to as genotype while the physical traits observed is the phenotype.
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