Beginning around 2500 BCE, a shift in temperatures and weather patterns over the Indus valley caused summer monsoon rains to gradually dry up, making agriculture near Harappan cities difficult or impossible.
Many researchers believe that environmental factors, such as floods and earthquakes, were the primary cause of the Harappan culture's decline. Ans. According to research, flooding and drought were to blame for the decline of the Harappan culture. Historians believe that around 1900BC, things began to fall apart. Many Indus cities had been abandoned by 1700BC.
There are numerous reasons for the decline of the Harappan civilisation. Floods were common in the Indus and its tributaries. The excessive use of wood for burning bricks destroyed the forests, forcing them to migrate. They could have been attacked by Aryans from the north.
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compared with cells that are surrounded by a lipid membrane, viruses . . . choose one:a. may be surrounded by a membrane synthesized by viral proteins.b. may be surrounded by a membrane derived from the host cell.c. are also always surrounded by a lipid membrane.d. are never surrounded by a lipid membrane.
Not even all viruses have an envelope-like membrane surrounding the capsid. Viruses do have a wall outside of the capsid, but it originates from the host.
What do viruses possess?
A virus's outer layer is formed of a nutrient coat that serves as the nucleus of its mitochondrial Genome, either RNA or Genetic material. The second spikey coat of the mailbox is occasionally seen around the virus. Viruses are able to attach to and enter new hosts.
How do viruses become made?
It's probable that mobile genetic elements that had the ability to move between cells gave rise to viruses. They might be related to organisms that were once free-living but later switched to a parasitic mode of reproduction. It's possible that viruses existed before cellular life developed and helped to shape it.
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Explain your understanding of a calorie, how energy is stored in the body and what factors make our individual energy requirements so unique. A portion of our consumed energy goes towards physical activity each day. Share some of the daily activities you perform that you think would require this energy.
Calorie, a unit of energy, is the amount of energy expelled when the body breaks down food, it is stored in the body as glycogen or fat and gender, body weight, and age make individual energy requirements unique.
Some daily activities that require physical energy are Riding a bicycle, walking fast, hiking, skating. dancing, workouts.
How are calories burned?Calories are energy people get from foods and drink they consume. Apart from basic metabolism, the way the body uses food determines how much calories the body burns.
The body stores this energy as glycogen or fat. Body weight, age and gender are determinants of the body's use of energy. Energy requiring activities include workouts, dancing, hiking etc., to burn calories.
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one kind of plasmid in bacteria is called an r plasmid. what kinds of genes are typically present on such plasmids?
One type of bacterial plasmid is called an r-plasmid. Types of genes typically present in such plasmids Antibiotic resistance genes
Antibiotic resistance genes are often carried in plasmids or transposons and are transferred from cell to cell by conjugation, transformation, or transduction. This gene exchange allows rapid spread of resistance within bacterial populations and between different bacterial species. Some genetically modified plants contain genes that make the plant resistant to certain antibiotics. Scientists often then and can say that add these resistance genes during genetic modification. This allows GM plants and cells to be distinguished from non-GM plants and cells.
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Drag each tile to the correct location.
Sort the statements based on whether they describe DNA replication in eukaryotes or prokaryotes.
Replication takes place in
the nucleus.
Replication happens at just
one point on the chromosome.
There is only one origin of
replication.
Replication takes place
in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotes
G
There are multiple origins
of replication.
Replication occurs at multiple
points along the chromosome.
Eukaryotes
The nucleus is where replication occurs in eukaryotes. Replication has several different origins. Along the chromosome, replication takes place several times. Prokaryotes replicate within their cytoplasm. Only one location on a chromosome experiences replication. There is just one origin for replication.
The process of DNA replication, which is managed by the enzyme DNA polymerase, involves the genetic material of a cell—in this case, the DNA—making a perfect copy of itself. In comparison to bacteria, which replicate at a pace of about 500 nucleotides per second, mammals replicate at a rate of about 50 nucleotides per second.
Prokaryotic DNA replication happens through a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic DNA replication occurs through numerous replication origins. This is the primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.
Thus, we can conclude that the location, complexity, and size of the cell have a role in the differences between DNA replication in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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Why is photosynthesis and cellular respiration considered a cycle?
Answer:
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are considered a cycle because the product (end material) of one reaction serves as the starting material for the other reaction
Explanation:
The starting material for cellular respiration is sugar and water and the products are carbon dioxide and water. Water and carbon dioxide are starting material for photosynthesis.
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a farmer performs a cross between two species of flowers and expects a distribution of red, pink, and white flowers. out of flowers, the following numbers of red, pink, and white flowers were observed. calculate the expected number of each type of flower.
Due of the flowers' inability to consistently produce the necessary 1:2:1 ratio of bloom colors, the farmer will be unable to meet demand. There are 250, 500, and 250.
A common flower is what?The most widespread and well-liked flower genus in the world is undoubtedly the rose. There are over least 360 species of flowers in the Rosa genus, which includes these blooms. These blooms naturally occur in a variety of hues, including red, pink, apricot, and white.
What kind of flower is lovely?Rose. The rose is known as the "queen of the garden" since it is thought to be the most flower petal in the entire world. It is one of most well-liked flowers on the planet and is available in a variety of hues and sizes. They are also widely distributed around the world.
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HELP PLEASE!!! Match the correct term with the corresponding definition or description.
AND ANSWER ALL!!!!
The image below has the solution. To read the text, enlarge it.
Which of the following is a basic type of vaccine?
Select all that apply.
a. nucleic acid vaccines
b. subunit vaccine
c. live, attenuated vaccine
d. antitoxin vaccines
The basic type of vaccines are:
nucleic acid vaccines
subunit vaccine
live, attenuated vaccine
An easy, secure, and reliable method of preventing hazardous infections before you are exposed to them is vaccination. It boosts your immune system and builds up your body's natural defenses against particular illnesses.
Your immune system is trained by vaccinations to produce antibodies, exactly as it does when it is exposed to a disease. However, because vaccinations only include dead or weakened versions of bacteria or viruses, they do not really cause the disease or increase your chance of developing its symptoms.
In order to create immunity, vaccines act in conjunction with your body's natural defenses. Your immune system reacts when you receive a vaccination.
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a(n) cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one set of chromosomes inherited from each parent. multiple choice question.
A diploid cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one set of chromosomes inherited from each parent.
A diploid cell contains two full sets of chromosomes. With 23 chromosomal pairs totaling 46 chromosomes, diploid human cells predominate. 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes make up this.
Chromosomes are arranged in homologous pairs in diploid cells. The term "diploid chromosomal number" refers to how many chromosomes are present in a cell as a whole (2n). In a diploid human cell, there are 46 chromosomes altogether since in this case, 2n = 46.
The DNA from both of the organism's parents makes up the homologous chromosomal pairs; the mother and father each contribute one chromosome to each pair.
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Why are soft-bodied organisms less likely to leave a fossil trace than hard-bodied organisms?.
The soft body parts of the organism are more likely to deteriorate when buried inside the earth and hence they do not leave any fossil trace than the hard-bodied organisms.
Fossils are the remains, traces or impressions of the animals and plants that dies millions of years ago and were buried deep down in the Earth. The fossils provide information about the organisms of those times and also help in establishing the ancestral history of current organisms and their evolution.
Evolution is the change in species that occurs in long periods of time for generations over generations. The term evolution is a population concept because evolution can never be seen in one individual but is visible in a population.
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Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from each parent?
Proper segregation of plasmids into daughter cells may incorporate which of the following strategies? o Random partitioning due to high copy number
o Polymerization of a filament that binds to, and physically separates plasmids
o Post-segregational killing via toxin / antitoxin system
Random partitioning due to high copy number, Polymerization of a filament that binds to, and physically separates plasmids and Post-segregational killing via toxin/antitoxin system are the ways incorporated to Properly segregate the plasmids into daughter cells.
Plasmids not only replicate, copying across to a daughter cell when a bacterium divides, but they can also pass between unrelated bacteria via mechanisms such as cell-to-cell contact or a 'bridging connection' in a process known as 'conjugation,' which has been described as the bacterial equivalent of sex.
Plasmid purification consists of three basic steps: bacterial culture growth, bacterial harvesting and lysis, and plasmid DNA purification. Low-copy number plasmids require a segregation mechanism to ensure that one-half of the plasmid copies are distributed to each daughter cell during cell division. This can be accomplished directly by partitioning plasmid copies via a mechanism similar to eukaryotic mitosis.
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Iconic maine species such as moose, canada lynx, loons, boreal chickadees, eastern brook trout, saltmarsh sparrows and atlantic puffins are under stress from climate change. A mutation in the boreal chickadees increases the ability of the bird to catch and eat certain insects. Which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase?.
The frequency of the new allele may be determined by whether the mutation offers the chickadees better access to food sources than those without it.
Mutation:
A mutation is a permanent change in the genetic material (the genome) of a cell of a live creature or of a virus that may be passed on to the cell's or virus's progeny. (Organic genomes are all made of DNA, although viral genomes can be made of either DNA or RNA; see heredity. The Physical Basis of Heredity.) A mutation in the DNA of a body cell of a multicellular organism (somatic mutation) can be passed on to descendant cells via DNA replication, resulting in a sector or patch of cells with abnormal function, such as cancer.
Mutations occur as a result of errors during the regular chemical transactions of DNA, most commonly during replication, or as a result of exposure to high-energy electromagnetic radiation (e.g., ultraviolet light or X-rays), particle radiation, or highly reactive substances in the environment. Mutations are believed to be largely harmful since they are random alterations, although some may be advantageous in specific settings. In general, the mutation is the primary source of genetic variation, which serves as the raw material for natural selection evolution.
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Explain how a change in breathing rate is a homeostatic mechanism for a person at a higher
altitude.
An increased breathing rate takes in more oxygen to the lungs and bloodstream to maintain oxygen levels.
What happens when human DNA is inserted into a bacterial plasmid?
Answer:
creates a so-called recombinant plasmid
Researchers can insert DNA fragments or genes into a plasmid vector, creating a so-called recombinant plasmid. This plasmid can be introduced into a bacterium by way of a process called transformation. Then, because bacteria divide rapidly, they can be used as factories to copy DNA fragments in large quantities.
What is inserting a human gene into a bacterial plasmid?
Recombinant DNA is a technology scientist developed that made it possible to insert a human gene into the genetic material of a common bacterium.
What is it called when DNA is inserted into a plasmid?
In a typical cloning experiment, researchers first insert a piece of DNA, such as a gene, into a circular piece of DNA called a plasmid. This step uses restriction enzymes and DNA ligase and is called ligation.
Thus, by inserting human DNA into a bacterial plasmid, bacteria divide rapidly and they can be used as factories to copy DNA fragments.
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perspective that our genes and environmental influences work together to determine our characteristics
Environmental factors often influence traits independently of genes. Either of these effects can change the proteins that are made from a gene, which in turn affects traits.
How do environment and gene determine our personality?
Some genes increase the characteristic and others work to decrease the same characteristic-complex relationship among the various genes, as well as a variety of random factors, produce the final outcome.
Because of their genetic makeup, individuals differ in their responsiveness to the qualities of the environment. There are unique, genetically influenced reactions to particular experiences to which we are exposed.
The presence of drugs and chemicals in an organism's environment can also influence gene expression in the organism. The environment can affect morphological and physiological development whereas genes influence morphology and physiology, creating a framework within which the environment acts to shape the behavior of an individual.
Hence in this way, genes and environmental influences work together to determine our characteristics.
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A life cycle in which the only multicellular form is haploid is most typical of __________.
A life cycle in which the only multicellular form is haploid is most typical of fungi.
In the lifecycle process of fungi, the haploid stage of lifecycle is known to be multicellular and it is te dominant stage.
As a result of the haploid multicellular stage, specialized cells that are also haploid are made.
The process through which these haploid cells will be made is mitosis as for meiosis sexual process has to take place.
After mitosis, the specialized haploid cells that were produced are fused so that a diploid zygote can be formed which will grow into a new fungus.
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sustainable development must be considered during the developmental activities justify this statement
what is microbial antagonism?
Microbial antagonism is the competition between microbial organisms for food assets and territory. As a result, if one organism out competes the other, this leads to the inhibition of the organism that failed to thrive in the surroundings.
Microbial antagonists have an indirect advantageous effect on plant life due to the fact they lessen the pressure from soil borne pathogens on the crop vegetation. however there is also a brilliant quantity of microorganisms inside the soil, that have a right away high-quality impact on plant increase and health (Somers et al., 2004).
Microbial antagonism continues ordinary microbiota from colonizing a few parts of the human body. Microbial antagonism takes place whilst members of the regular microbiota prevent pathogens from colonizing and turning into mounted within the frame.
Antagonism, in ecology, an affiliation among organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the opposite. As existence has evolved, herbal choice has favoured organisms which can be capable of correctly extract electricity and nutrients from their surroundings.
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A parallel circuit ha a 12V power pack. It ha 2 branche each with a light bulb on. What i the potential difference of each of the light bulb?
The potential difference between each of the light bulbs will be 6.
According to ohms law,
V=IR
V=12v
R=2 (2 branches draw current so they serve as resistance)
I=V/R
=12/2
=6 A
This current will serve as the voltage difference between each light bulb.
The potential difference may be a degree of the sum of vitality exchanged between two points in a circuit. Potential contrast is additionally known as voltage and is measured in volts (V).
The potential difference over a component is measured by employing a voltmeter set in parallel with the component. Voltage, moreover, known as electric weight, electric pressure, or (electric) potential contrast, is the distinction in electric potential between two focuses.
In an inactive electric field, it compares to the work required per unit of charge to move a test charge between the two focuses.
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what percentage of offspring will have a homozygotes dominate dominant genotype?
0 percent
100 percent
25 percent
50 percent
Answer:
100 percent
Explanation:
A student is developing a model of sex cell formation.
X
X
XX
XX
X
t
DI
00
00
Which of the following conclusions can be made from the student's modol of why the dna of the daughter cells is different from the dna of the parent cell?
Answer:
Can you please include the answer choices....
Explanation:
Thanks. I'll answer it tho.
The ability to produce language is a function of _________, whereas the ability to understand language is a function of _________.
The ability to produce language is a function of Broca's area, whereas the ability to understand language is a function of Wernicke's area.
What distinguishes Wernicke's territory from Broca's area?In essence, Wernicke's area strives to ensure that the language makes sense, but Broca's area attempts to guarantee that the language is produced in a fluent manner. The Wernicke-Geschwind model, which was later suggested by neurologist Norman Geschwind, built on this understanding of language.
Broca's area is situated in the neocortex's posterior-inferior frontal convexity, whereas Wernicke's area is restricted to the general region where the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes converge. For the majority of people, the left hemisphere is where these areas function predominantly in terms of language.
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which statement characterizes commensalism?
a) both organisms are negatively affected.
b) one organism benefits while the other organism experiences harm.
c) one organism benefits while the other organism is not affected.
Answer:
c) one organism benefits while the other organism is not affected.
In an experiment, you test whether the number of times you rub a cloth against a balloon changes how long it will stick against the wall. You start by rubbing the balloon 10 times with the cloth and stick it to the wall. You repeat this three times and record your results in a table.
Observation
Number of Times Balloon is Rubbed by Cloth Trial #1 Trial #2 Trial #3
10 6 seconds 20 seconds 20 seconds
What statement best reflects why you should do repeated trials in an experiment?
Rubbing the balloon against a cloth 10 times produces very different results each time it is repeated.
The first trial is right because it is done with new materials that give the best results.
The second and third trials were wrong because they were very different from the first trial.
You would make a wrong conclusion if it were based on the first trial in the experiment.
The statement that best reflects why you should do repeated trials in an experiment is:
You would make a wrong conclusion if it were based on the first trial in the experiment; option D.
What are experiments?Experiments are tests or procedures performed to test a given hypothesis or theory about a given observation.
In performing experiments, the procedure usually involves the repetition of steps in the reaction.
Repetition is necessary in order to remove bias in measurements and to lower sampling and random error.
The steps in conducting experiments include the following:
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which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - (minus) strand of rna?
a. synthesis of protein from - strand RNA used as a template
b. synthesis of DNA from - strand RNA used as a template
c. synthesis of + stranded RNA from - strand RNA used as a template
d. synthesis of - stranded RNA from - strand RNA used as a template
Answer: Synthesis of double-strand RNA from an RNA template.
Explanation:
What defines a substantial increase in a jellyfish population within a short time?.
As a result of a greater reproductive rate, a jellyfish bloom is described as a significant rise in a jellyfish bloom within a short period of time.
What drives the growth in the number of jellyfish?Because jellyfish can survive with less oxygen than many other marine animals, the rise in their population has been linked to hotter waters and even increasing pollution.
What does it signify when there are many jellyfish present?The recent period of sunny skies and southerly winds may have increased the amount of nutrients in the water, enhancing the conditions for jellyfish repopulation. One aspect that contributes to enormous jellyfish spawning like those is eutrophication, which is the scientific word for an overabundance of nutrients.
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Which of the following compounds can be classified as a proteins?
The trend for women to delay childbirth until their late 20s or early 30s has ___________ while the peak years for female fertility are ____________.
While the peak years for female fertility are declining, the trend for women to put off having children until their late 20s or early 30s has a high fertility rate.
Is childbirth more difficult in your 30s?After you reach your mid-30s, pregnancy is something to think about more. Women who are older have a higher risk of miscarriage or stillbirth. They are more likely to experience preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and to give birth to a very little child.
When do women start having children?The prime reproductive years for women are from their late teens to late 20s. Age 30 marks the onset of a reduction in fertility (the capacity to become pregnant). Once you're in your mid-30s, this drop accelerates.
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What is the process in which an mrna molecule is used to synthesize a specific polypeptide on a ribosome?.
The process in which an m-RNA molecule is used to synthesize a specific polypeptide on a ribosome is called translation.
m-RNA stands for messenger RNA. It is the main coding enzyme that encodes the information from the DNA sequence to be translated to the protein. It is transcribed from the DNA with the help of enzyme RNA Polymerase II in eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome is a nucleoprotein. It is the main machinery for the synthesis of protein. The ribosome is composed of two subunits: a small subunit and a large subunit. There are two types of ribosomes: 70 S type and 80 S type.
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