Collagen makes up the majority of skin and the tendons that join muscles to bones. Cooking techniques that use slow, wet heat, such stewing or braising, are optimal for cuts that are high in collagen. Collagen is soluble in water, and it transforms into gelatin when cooked gently over moist heat. By chopping meat into smaller pieces, that makes the fibers smaller and simpler to break apart, we can also make collagen less rigid.
The most common protein in animals is collagen, a lengthy, rigid protein. It is made up of three distinct molecules that are wrapped around one another to form a rope-like structure. These molecules are each formed of amino acid chains. The collagen is extremely strong because of this structure, which also makes it more challenging to break down. A piece of meat becomes increasingly difficult to cut and chew as the amount of collagen increases.
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It has been determined that the temperature in an autoclave should reach __________ for sterilization.
The temperature in an autoclave must reach 121° C in order for sterilization to occur.
Sterilization using autoclavesAutoclaves are used to wet-sterilize materials in the laboratory.
In order for the sterilization to be effective, the temperature of the autoclave must reach 121° C.
Also, substances to be sterilized must spend, at least, 30 minutes in the autoclave.
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During a hot dry day a plant begins to wilt and the stomata are closed. What would happen to oxygen and carbon dioxide levels inside of the tissues of the leaf
When the stomata close, CO2 levels drop and oxygen (O2) levels increase.
What are its implications?Carbon dioxide in the air spaces in the leaf decreases, oxygen in the air spaces in the leaf increases.This imbalance in CO2/O2 results in an efficiency decrease because oxygen is now being fixed by enzyme (RuBisCO) to that five-carbon compound instead of carbon dioxide. This is called photorespiration which is a wasteful process.Learn more about photorespiration here:
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9. Which of the following is the example of the action of the autonomous nervous system? A. Kicking a ball B. Swinging of arms C. Swallowing of food D. Movement of food in small intestine ON
Movement of food in the small intestine. Thus, option "D" is correct.
What is the autonomous nervous system?ANS is divided in two opposite systems: sympathetic and parasympathetic:
Parasympathetic nervous system: characterized by the tag "rest and digest" it decreases the heart rate, blood pressure, and breath. It increases the gastrointestinal motricity, letting the organism resting (this happen after a meal).
Sympathetic nervous system: characterized by the tag "fight or flight" it increases the heart rate, blood pressure, and breath. It decreases gastrointestinal motricity, letting the organism focus on its environment (this happen when we are in danger).
Thus, option "D" is correct.
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Bacteriophages and animal viruses do not differ significantly in which one of the following steps?.
Bacteriophages and animal viruses do not differ significantly in the area of biosynthesis.
What is Biosynthesis?
This is referred to an enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted to products in organisms.
It is usually multi-step in which bacteriophages and animal viruses have similar structures hence the reason.
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The concept of evolution by way of natural selection is a central tenet in biology that has been tested in numerous ways by many scientists. Evolution by way of natural selection is most likely which type of concept?
Evolution based on natural selection is most likely a hypothesis that can be accepted as true due to repeated experimentation with similar results.
What is a hypothesis?In Science, a hypothesis is primarily considered to be a tentative or an educated guess and it can be defined as a testable explanation for an observation or a specific experimentation (scientific) problem.
In this context, we can infer and logically deduce that evolution based on natural selection is most likely a hypothesis that can be accepted as true due to repeated experimentation with similar results.
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Similiar to macrophages, _______ cells are products of the monocytic cell line that reside throughout the tissues and present antigen to lymphocytes.
Similiar to macrophages, dendritic cells are products of the monocytic cell line that reside throughout the tissues and present antigen to lymphocytes.
What is monocytic cell line?Monocytic cell line is defined as the cell line that is used to study the functions, mechanisms and signaling pathways of monocytes and macrophages.
Macrophages and dendritic cells are found in the same cell line because they are both antigen presenting cells for the lymphocytes.
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Proteins, while not typically used for supplying daily calorie needs, can supply the body with ______ kcal per gram.
Proteins, while not typically used for supplying daily calorie needs, can supply the body with 4 kcal per gram.
What is protein?An incredibly complex, naturally occurring molecule known as a protein is made up of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.
What is calorie?Calories are a unit of measurement for the energy content of food and beverages. Our bodies store extra calories as body fat when we consume more calories through food and drink than we burn off. If this keeps happening, we might eventually gain weight.
What calories do?Calories are the units of energy used by your body during food digestion and absorption.
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Identify the flower parts labeled A-G
Which of the following is transcribed into a protein?
DNA
Purine
RNA
Pyrimidine
Although fossils had been recognized as extraordinary objects since ancient times, it was only through the work of __________________ that they came to be generally accepted as mineralized remains of exotic ancient life forms
Soviet scientist Ivan Efremov
Taphonomy is a study of how organisms decay and fossilize or are preserved in paleontological records. The term taphonomy (from Greek Taphony, τάφος "funeral" and Nomos, νόμος "law") was introduced into paleontology by the Soviet scientist Ivan Yefremov in 1940. From the biosphere to the lithosphere,
Fossils are the remains or traces of ancient life preserved through natural processes, from magnificent skeletons to small shells.
Fossils are formed in a variety of ways, but most fossils are formed when plants and animals die in an aquatic environment and are buried in mud or silt. As a result, soft tissue is quickly destroyed, leaving hard bones and shells. Over time, sediments accumulate on top and solidify into rocks.
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Martha has a widow's peak (dominant trait) and attached earlobes (recessive trait). Martha's dad had a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. If Martha marries a man that is heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability that they will have a child with a widow's peak and attached earlobes
Answer:
There is a 25% percent chance that the child will have unattached earlobes, and a 50% percent chance that the child will have a widows peak.
Explanation:
Suppose a segment of DNA contains five restriction sites for a particular restriction enzyme. How many fragments of DNA will remain after the enzyme is used to cut the DNA
If a segment of DNA contains five restriction sites for a particular restriction enzyme then 6 fragments of DNA will remain after the enzyme is used to cut the DNA.
What are restriction sites?A specific restriction enzyme attaches to a section of DNA called the restriction site, which has a length of 6–8 base pairs. There are numerous restriction enzymes that have been identified in bacteria. By cleaving the viral DNA, they naturally render invasive viruses inactive. Type II restriction enzymes identify restriction sites and break the DNA at certain places inside or close to the restriction site.Bacteria include restriction enzymes (and other prokaryotes). They identify and attach to particular DNA sequences known as restriction sites. Only one or a few restriction sites are recognized by each restriction enzyme.These enzymes locate the restriction sites, attach to them, and then cleave the DNA by cutting at or close to these places.To learn more about Restriction sites refer to:
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When a pigment molecule in a light-harvesting complex absorbs a photon of light, what happens to its excited-state electron?.
When a pigment molecule in a light-harvesting complex absorbs a photon of light, While returning to its ground state, the electron transfers some of the energy from its excited state to an electron in a nearby pigment molecule.
It takes a photon of light energy some distance before it reaches a pigment molecule like chlorophyll. An electron in the chlorophyll is "activated" by the photon. The energy imparted to the electron then moves from one pigment molecule to another until it reaches the reaction center, a pair of chlorophyll a molecules. An electron in the reaction center is then excited by this energy, causing it to break loose and travel to the primary electron acceptor.Therefore, it is said that the reaction center "donates" one electron to the main electron acceptor.learn more about light-harvesting complex here:
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Read the incomplete statements.
Mitochondria act as the _[blank 1]_ of the cell. Mitochondria break down the food molecules and _[blank 2]_. Mitochondria have _[blank 3]_ surrounding them.
Which option correctly completes these statements?
blank 1: guardians
blank 2: produce energy
blank 3: two membranes
blank 1: guardians , , blank 2: produce energy , , blank 3: two membranes, , , ,
blank 1: power plants
blank 2: produce energy
blank 3: two membranes
blank 1: power plants , , blank 2: produce energy, , blank 3: two membranes, , , ,
blank 1: guardians
blank 2: absorb energy
blank 3: one membrane
blank 1: guardians , , blank 2: absorb energy, , blank 3: one membrane, , , ,
blank 1: power plants
blank 2: absorb energy
blank 3: one membrane
blank 1: power plants ,
blank 2: produce energy, ,
blank 3: two membranes, , , ,
Mitochondria act as the power plants of the cell. Mitochondria break down the food molecules and produce energy . Mitochondria have two membranes surrounding them.The correct option that completes the statements is: 3
blank 1: power plant
blank 2: produce energy
blank 3: two membrances.
1. Mitochondria act as the "power plants" of the cell: This analogy refers to the role of mitochondria in generating energy for the cell. ATP is used to power various cellular processes essential for the cell's function and survival.
2. Mitochondria break down the food molecules and "produce energy": This statement highlights the main function of mitochondria, which is to break down food molecules, such as glucose and fatty acids, through the process of cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, the breakdown of food molecules releases energy in the form of ATP, which is then utilized by the cell for its metabolic activities.
3. Mitochondria have "two membranes" surrounding them: Mitochondria are unique among cellular organelles because they have a double-membrane structure. This two-membrane structure plays a vital role in the efficiency of ATP production and the regulation of molecules entering and leaving the mitochondria.
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You burn a log on fire. You use the fire to warm yourself and to light up the room to read a book. Which energy transformation is taking place?
Answer:
Chemical energy
Explanation:
It transforms into light energy so you can read, and heat energy which warms you up
1. A man with hemophilia (a recessive, sex-linked condition) has a daughter without
hemophilia who marres a man without hemophilia. What is the probability of their
daughter having hemophilia? Their son? If they have four sons, that all will be affected?
A man with hemophilia (a sex-linked recessive condition) has a daughter without hemophilia, the probability of their children having hemophilia is 50%, out of 4 children probably 2 will have hemophilia and 2 will not have hemophilia.
What is recessive and dominant?The dominant term is related to the genetic transmission of a trait and is represented, in biology, by a capital letter (A, B or V). While recessive, represented by a lowercase letter (a, b or v), they represent genetic traits transmitted only in the absence of the dominant gene.
With this information, we can conclude that Recessive genes produce proteins considered “defective” as they become inactive. That is, they are hidden (recessive) with the presence of a dominant gene manifesting their characteristics in the absence of their dominant allele.
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What is a benefit of using technology to transport water?
A. Habitats can be displaced or entirely lost.
B. Crops can be irrigated and grown in new areas.
C. Freshwater supplies can be depleted in an area.
D. Wetlands can dry out and sinkholes can form.
What will the likely effect be if the bulbourethral gland in males fails to perform its function?
The sperm will be immature and sperm count will be lower if the bulbourethral gland in males fails to perform its function
The bulbourethral gland or Cowper's gland, which is homologous to the Bartholin's gland in females, produces pre-ejaculate that cleanses and lubricates the urethra prior to the arrival of the semen.
The Cowper's glands or bulbourethral glands produce the first fluid that leaves the urethra in order to neutralize the acid left from the urine. The sperm like a basic or alkaline environment in order to survive. If the function of the Cowper's glands or bulbourethral glands fails to perform its function then the sperm will not get a proper medium to travel and will get diminished in the urethra and the sperm count will get reduced.
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This is a map of Yosemite national park. look for areas on the map that could be prone to mass movements. In which area could a mass movement prevent people or wildlife from accessing the resources they need? Explain your reasoning
The Stratford Canyon due to its slopy nature, is an area where a mass movement could prevent people or wildlife from accessing the resources they need.
What is mass movement?Mass movement refers to the bulk movements of soil and rock debris down slopes due to gravitational.
Types of mass movement include:
RockfallMudflowLandslideRotational slipBased on the give map, the area where a mass movement could prevent people or wildlife from accessing the resources they need is the Stratford Canyon due to its slopy nature.
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Answer:
Here’s one possible answer:
All the mountains and elevated regions are susceptible to mass movements. I would be particularly concerned about landslides that could occur along the roads going into and out of the park, such as Highway 140. A landslide could block one or more roads, which would prevent or delay people and supplies from getting in and out of the park.
Explanation:
Edmentum
Question is in the pic!
The students observation was that the artificial fertilizer caused his plants to grow faster than unfertilised soil and his inference is that he would want to know if natural compost would have the same effect as the fertilizer on his plant.
What is observation and inference?Observation is defined as the step in scientific research that involves the gathering of information from an observed object under study.
Inference is defined as the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence and reasoning in a research work.
For the student to be able to draw a conclusion on this experiment, he would have to set up a plant with the natural compost soil and another plant with unfertilised soil as his control.
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diffusion is the movement of a molecule from an area of high to an area of low concentration. true false
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Diffusion is the movement from a high and more static concentration to a low and more loose concentration. It is used to describe the movement of substances into and out of a particular cell.
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The fossil record of horses shows ___________ trend in both the overall size of species and a reduction in the number of digits.
The fossil records of the horses show the active trend in terms of both the species size and reduction in the number of digits.
Fossil records:
It is a documented record that defines the history of life or evolution. It is used to identify the ages of the ancestors or primitive organisms . It is used to evaluate the difference between the organisms in today’s world with the ancient world.
The horses have evolved themselves over time.The most primitive horse was Hyracotherium which is about 60 million years ago having size of only 0.4 m having four toes.
Mesohippus, which was 40 millions years ago, had only three toes to move on the ground.Merichippus, which was 30 millions years ago , had only a middle toe and hoof.Pliohippus, which is around 10 million years old , had only a middle toe.Equus, which is 1 million years old , had only a single hoof to run on the ground.Modern horse, In today’s world having a single toe in a hoof.Learn more about fossil records from here,
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What do you think contributes the most to the negative feelings associated with adolescence? are the majority of negative feelings generated from biological, cognitive, or psychosocial influences? 250 word count please.
The negative feelings associated with adolescence are mostly associated with psychosocial influences.
What are Psychosocial factors?These factors depicts how the environment influences the physical and mental well being of the individual.
Adolescents are easily influenced by peer pressure which is a part of their immediate environment thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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In addition to carcinoma of the prostate, elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can occur due to:
Answer: Your answer would be C: benign prostatic hyperplasia
Explanation: In addition to prostate cancer, several benign (not cancerous) conditions can cause a person's PSA level to rise, particularly prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (enlargement of the prostate)
discuss the role that microbiologists can and have played in helping to reduce the number of infections caused by parasitic helminths
Invertebrates with long, flat, or rounded bodies are known as helminths. These are the parasitic worms which cause a no. of diseases, including some that affect the musculoskeletal system.
An example of two most common helminths which are known to be pathogenic to humans are:
1) Ascaris , the common round worm which causes ascariasis. Its symptoms are internal bleeding, muscular discomfort, fever, etc.
2) Wuchereria (W. bancrofti and W. malayi), the filarial worm that causes filariasis (elephantiasis) . Lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs & genital organs are frequently affected.
The roles that microbiologists play in helping to reduce the number of infections caused by parasitic helminths are :
1) They detect parasites at an early stage of infection, resulting in less harm to the host.
2) The diagnosis provides useful information for identifying and recovering from human parasites.
3) Microbiologists thoroughly research these parasites in an effort to understand how these helminths function, develop, and interact with their surroundings.
4) They collect the sample (feces in case of these diseases) and test them for the parasites that are or maybe the illness's cause.
5) They also provide information on the anthelmintic medications' in vitro activity against the discovered parasite.
6) They also study the life cycle of the parasites which determines their impact on food web structure.
7) Their study indicates whether the disease is infectious or non-infectious so that the precautions can be taken accordingly.
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Select the correct answer from each drop down menu researcher was studying mutations in bateria.he found that certain bateria had changes in there dna that allowed them to be resistant to antibiotics.this research is an example of blank.the mutation will lead to blank
A researcher was studying mutations in bacteria. He found that certain bacteria had changes in their DNA that allowed them to be resistant to antibiotics. This research is an example of evolutionary genetics. The mutation will lead to all the bacteria becoming resistant to the antibiotic.
Genetic evolution :
Evolutionary genetics examines the relationship between genetic variation and evolutionary change. As a result of the recent expansion in the availability of whole genome sequence data, large amounts of genetic data are being produced at an increasing rate, making programming an indispensable tool for researchers.
The spread of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria is a straightforward and elegant example of adaptation through natural selection. Through mutations that alter the biological targets of antibiotics or by obtaining resistance genes from other bacteria, microorganisms can develop resistance to antibiotics.
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Match The Animals With Their Characteristics.
Answer:
spider with second option (spiders have an open circulatory system.)
earthworm with first option
starfish with forth option
Explanation:
How does El Nino affect global weather?
OA. Precipitation decreases in South and Central America. Precipitation increases in Africa, Asia, and Australia.
OB. Precipitation decreases in the Western hemisphere and hincreases in the Eastern hemisphere.
OC. Precipitation increases in South and Central America. Precipitation decreases in Africa, Asia, and Australia.
OD. Precipitation increases in the Western hemisphere and decreases in the Eastern hemisphere
El Niño affects global weather because precipitation increases in South and Central America and also decreases in Africa, Asia, and Australia (Option C).
What is 'El Niño'?The 'El Niño' is a climatic phenomenon associated with the formation of violent storms that cause flooded areas in America.
It has been suggested that 'El Niño' may be associated with global warming and increased its activity in the last years.
In conclusion, El Niño increases precipitation in South and Central America and decreases it in Africa, Asia, and Australia (Option C).
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The stems and leaves of many grasses, and sometimes the entire grass plant, die each year during the dry or cold season. The dry husks of the grasses easily burn so that grass fires during the dry season are common. The result is that many trees cannot grow in these grasslands because they are stunted by fire. If trees could grow readily in these areas, they would rob grasses of sunlight and water. What does this phenomenon tell us about natural selection and adaptations that help organisms send their genes to the next generation?
The organisms would never sacrifice themselves so that other organisms carrying their genes can survive. Thus, option "B" is correct.
What is Natural selection?Natural selection is the process in which the species are adapted to their environment.
Natural selection leads to evolution when the people having certain characteristics possess the greater chance of survival than the others that are not adapted to the changes, these adapted characteristics are passed to the next generations.
Hence, option "B" is correct.
A)sometimes adaptations don't really work if they actually kill the organism
B)organisms would never sacrifice themselves so that other organisms carrying their genes can survive
C)trees are inferior to grasses in evolutionary adaptations
D)plants don't obey the rules of evolution that animals follow
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2. Imagine that you are in a building and the fire alarm goes off. All of the doors around you lock shut, and you smell smoke.
a. What is the main problem that your central nervous system will try to solve?
b. What is the somatic nervous system likely to be doing?
c. Which part of the autonomic nervous system is likely to be active, and what will it be doing?
The main problem that your central nervous system will try to solve is how to get out of this place.
B. What is the somatic nervous system probably doing?It is releasing stimuli so that the pupil dilates and the blood goes to the muscles, to give greater physical vigor.
ç. Which part of the autonomic nervous system is likely to be active and what is it doing?The autonomic nervous system is a part of the nervous system that functions independently of will and consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system (brain and/or spinal cord) to the glands, smooth muscle and heart muscle.
What are the physiological responses of adrenaline binding in the sympathetic autonomic system?Adrenaline increases the overall activity of the heart, increasing both the heart rate and the force of contraction. The heart has β1 receptors in both contractile and specialized myocardium. When turning on, a series of cardiac effects can happen.
With this information, we can conclude that the main problem that your central nervous system will try to solve is how to get out of this place.
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