How can the effect of radiation on healthy cells be reduced when treating cancer?
A. Splitting the radiation into multiple treatments.
B. Using metal plating to absorb excess radiation.
C. Using less damaging alpha radiation.
D. There is no way to reduce the negative side effects.

The energy for the transition:

The energy for the transfer of an electron from the n=2 level to the n=5 level of a hydrogen atom is 4.57 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J

Calculation:

We are aware of the energy levels as n=2 and n=5. So, we may determine the wavelength of the photon released by the electron during this transition using Rydberg's equation:

1/λ = R x (1/[tex]n^{2}[/tex][tex]_{final}[/tex] - 1/[tex]n^{2} _{initial}[/tex])

where,

1/λ = the wavelength of the emitted photon,

R = Rydberg's constant, 1.0974 x [tex]10^{7} m^{-1}[/tex]

[tex]n_{final}[/tex] = the final energy level = 5

[tex]n_{initial}[/tex] = the initial energy level = 2

Now, put the value in the above equation, we get,

1/λ = 1.0974 x [tex]10^{7} m^{-1}[/tex] x ( 1/[tex]5^{2}[/tex] - 1/[tex]2^{2}[/tex] )

1/λ = 1.0974 x [tex]10^{7}[/tex][tex]m^{-1}[/tex] x (-0.21)

1/λ = -0.23 x [tex]10^{7}[/tex][tex]m^{-1}[/tex]

λ = 4.347 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex]m

Since, E = hc/λ

where,

h = Plank's constant = 6.626 x [tex]10^{-34}[/tex] Js

c = speed of light = 3 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s

So, the transition energy for your particular transition is,

E = 6.626 x [tex]10^{-34}[/tex] x 3 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] / (4.347 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex])

E = 4.57 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J

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Answer:

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[tex]\huge\boxed{\textsf{Li and Ca}}[/tex]

An element is a substance that can't be broken down further. Lithium (Li) and calcium (Ca) are examples of elements.

Carbon monoxide (CO) and potassium bromide (KBr) are examples of compounds, which are made up of more than one element put together.

The term that describes what she is measuring is called partial pressure.

From the Dalton's law of partial pressure, the total pressure of a gas is regarded as the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture.

As such, each of the gases; carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen all possess partial pressures thus the term that describes what she is measuring is called partial pressure.

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The mass of water produced is 5.58g.

The given reaction is a neutralization reaction. Since both acid and base are strong, so, they dissociate completely to form salt and water. Therefore the number of moles of acid, base, salt, and water are equivalent.

Step-1: Calculate the number of moles of [tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex].

Given the mass of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] is 30g.

Molar mass of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] is 98g/mole.

Using the formula,

Number of moles= Mass/Molarmass

=30/98

=0.31 mole

Step-2: Mass of water

The molar mass of [tex]H_2O[/tex] is 18g.

The number of moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] formed is 0.31 mole.

Using the formula,

Mass = Number of moles x Molar mass

Mass of [tex]H_2O[/tex] = 0.31 mole x 18g/ mole

=5.58g

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Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 12.857 grams of Li₂O are formed when 6 grams of Li reacts.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

4 Li + MnO₂  → 2 Li₂O + Mn

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

Then, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

The following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 28 grams of Li form 60 grams of Li₂O, 6 grams of Li form how much mass of Li₂O?

[tex]mass of Li_{2} O=\frac{6 grams of Lix60 grams of Li_{2} O}{28 grams of Li}[/tex]

mass of Li₂O= 12.857 grams

Finally, 12.857 grams of Li₂O are formed when 6 grams of Li reacts.

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The energy of 800 milimoles of photons is 1.38 * 10^-19 J.

We know that an electron can move from a lower to higher energy level according to the formula;

1/λ = RH(1/ni^2 - 1/nf^2)

RH = 1.097 * 10^7m-1

ni = 3

nf = 6

Thus;

1/λ = 1.097 * 10^7(1/3^2 - 1/6^2)

1/λ = 1.097 * 10^7(1/9 - 1/36)

1/λ = 1.097 * 10^7(0.11 - 0.03)

λ =1.14 * 10^-6 m

v = λf

f = v/λ

f = 3 * 10^8 m/s/1.14 * 10^-6 m

f = 2.6 * 10^14 Hz

Now

E = hf

E= 6.63 * 10^-34 * 2.6 * 10^14 Hz

E = 1.72 * 10^-19 J

Now;

1 mole of photons has 1.72 * 10^-19 J of energy

800 * 10^-3 moles of photons has 800 * 10^-3 moles * 1.72 * 10^-19 J/ 1 mole

= 1.38 * 10^-19 J

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The ideas held by the ancient Greeks have been at least partially supported by scientific experiments include:

This is a phenomenon in which a quantum entity can be referred to as a wave or a particle.

An example is light which has this feature and has been severally proven through series of experiments such as photoelectric effects etc.

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The main difference between the waters of Kerala and Himachal Pradesh is the presence of water lakes, and ponds in Kerala and the Himalayan Ranges and Rivers in Himachal Pradesh

The main difference between the soil of Kerala and Himachal Pradesh is that there is the presence of mountain soils in Himachal Pradesh, while Kerala has coastal allu-vium, mixed allu-vium, and acid saline, Kari, laterite, red, hill, black cotton, and forest soils.

This refers to the side-by-side view of two or more entities in order to find their differences and similarities.

Hence, we can see that Kerala and Himachal Pradesh are both in India and they are in different regions, which accounts for their differences in water and soil as listed above.

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The compound that does not conform to the law of constant proportion law is is CO2 whose ratio by mass ought to be 8:3 and not 3:4.

The law of constant proportions portrays the ideas that the composition of a pure sample of a substances has a fixed composition by mass.

Following the law of constant proportion, the compound that does not conform to this law is is CO2 whose ratio by mass ought to be 8:3 and not 3:4.

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Answer:

your cool

Explanation:

Answer:

synthesis/combination

Explanation:

There are 5 main types of reactions.

combination/synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion

synthesis/combination -  A+B → AB

Decomposition - AB → A+B

single- replacement - A + BC → AC + B

double replacement - AB + CD → AD + CB

combustion - example - C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

If you wanted to balance this

the answer would be [tex]C + 2H_{2}[/tex] → [tex]CH_{4}[/tex]

163.1 KJ of heat flows into the gas.

As the pressure is constant, then it is a isobaric process.

In this process , Heat flows is [tex]Q=nC_{p}[/tex]ΔT

Work done is represented by W = PΔV= nRΔT

γ for monoatomic gas is [tex]\frac{5}{3}[/tex]

So, their ratio is

[tex]\frac{W}{Q}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{R}{C_{P} }[/tex] =  R/γR/γ-1 = [tex]\frac{2}{5}[/tex] ….. (1)

Hence, Ratio of W and Q is 2/5

Now given,

Pressure = 233 kPa = 233000 Pa

ΔV= 0.76-0.48 = 0.28[tex]m^{3}[/tex]

So, W = PΔV = 233000 × 0.28 = 65240J

From equation (1)

[tex]\frac{65240}{Q} =\frac{2}{5}[/tex]

Q = 163100J or 163.1 KJ

As the value of Q is positive so, 163.1 KJ of heat flows into the gas.

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​

The New Volume is 5.4L

Boyle's law, also known as the Boyle-Mariotte law or Mariotte's law (particularly in France), is an experimental gas law that explains how a gas's pressure tends to drop as the capacity of the container increases.

A current formulation of Boyle's law is:

If the temperature and amount of gas remain constant in a closed system, the absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies.

Boyle's law can be expressed mathematically as either PV = k or P 1/V (Pressure is inversely proportional to volume) (Pressure multiplied by volume equals some constant k)

P1V1 = P2V2

P1 = 242

V1 = 27

P2 = 1210

V2 = (242*27)/1210

V2 = 5.4L

Hence the New Volume V2 is 4.5L

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Considering the definition of pH, the pH is 1.36 and since it is lower than 7, the solution is acidic.

pH is the Hydrogen Potential. It is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.

Mathematically, pH is calculated as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions:

pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]

The numerical scale that measures the pH of substances includes the numbers from 0 to 14. The pH value 7 corresponds to neutral substances. Acidic substances are those with a pH lower than 7, while basic substances have a pH higher than 7.

In this case, a solution has a [H₃O⁺] concentration of 4.32×10⁻² M. You can replace this value in the definition of pH:

pH= -log (4.32×10⁻² M)

Solving:

pH= 1.36

Finally, the pH is 1.36 and since it is lower than 7, the solution is acidic.

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Answer:

3.5 yrs

Explanation:

If a sample has decayed to 25%, this means 2 half-lives have passed. We are given this is equal to 7 yrs, and it follows that one half life is 3.5 yrs.

From the reactions, 1.04 g of H2 and 7.995 g of aluminum phosphate is produced.

The term stoichiometry has to do with the amount of substances that participates in a reaction.

For reaction 1;

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

Number of moles of Mg reacted =  12.5 g/24g/mol = 0.52 moles

If 1 mole of Mg produced 1 mole of H2

0.52 moles produces 0.52 moles of H2

Mass of H2 =  0.52 moles * 2 g/mol = 1.04 g

For reaction 2;

2Li3PO4 + Al2(SO4)3 → 3Li2SO4 + 2AIPO4

Number of moles of lithium phosphate =  7.5 g/116 g/mol = 0.065 moles

2 moles of Li3PO4 produced 2 moles of AIPO4

0.065 moles of  Li3PO4 produced 0.065 moles of AIPO4

Mass of AIPO4  = 0.065 moles  * 123 g/mol = 7.995 g

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69 gram PCl₅ will be produced from the given masses of both reactants that is 28.0 g of P₄ and 59.0 g of Cl₂.

The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.

Now we have to write the balanced equation

P₄ + 10Cl₂ → 4PCl₅

To calculate the number of moles used the formula

Number of moles = [tex]\frac{\text{Given Mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

Number of moles of P₄ = [tex]\frac{\text{Mass of}\ P_4}{\text{Molar mass of}\ P_4}[/tex]

                                       = [tex]\frac{28\ g}{124\ g/mol}[/tex]

                                       = 0.225 mol

Number of moles of Cl₂ = [tex]\frac{\text{Mass of}\ Cl_2}{\text{Molar mass of}\ Cl_2}[/tex]

                                        = [tex]\frac{51\ g}{71\ g/mol}[/tex]

                                        = 0.831 mol

From the balanced chemical equation we can say that the ratio of P₄ and Cl₂ is 1 : 10.

Ratio of P₄: 0.2260: 1  = 0.2260

Ratio of Cl₂:  0.8310: 10 =  0.08310

Because ratio of Cl₂ ratio smaller than P₄ becomes the limiting reactants

So mole of PCl₅ is based on mole of Cl₂

From the coefficient of reaction:

mol PCl₅: mol Cl₂ = 4: 10

Mole of PCl₅ = [tex]\frac{4}{10} \times 0.8310[/tex]

                     = 0.3324

Molar mass of PCl₅= 208.5

Mass of PCl₅ = mole × molar mass

Mass of PCl₅ = 0.3324 × 208.5

Mass of PCl₅ = 69 gram

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 69 gram PCl₅ will be produced from the given masses of both reactants that is 28.0 g of P₄ and 59.0 g of Cl₂.

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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.

Question: What mass of PCl₅ will be produced from the given masses of both reactants that is 28.0 g of P₄ and 59.0 g of Cl₂ ?

69.3 gram PCl₅ will be produced from the given masses of both the reactants.

Balanced chemical equation is

P₄ + 10Cl₂ → 4PCl₅

Four moles of PCl₅ are produced by combining one mole of P₄ with ten moles of chlorine.

Given mass of P₄ = 28gm

Molecular mass of P₄ = 123.89 g/mole

No. of moles(P₄) = Given mass / Molar mass

                            =28/123.89 =0.226 moles …. (1)

Given mass of Cl₂ = 59gm

Molecular mass of Cl₂ = 70.906 g/mole

No. of moles of Cl₂ = 59/70.906 = 0.832 mole.... (2)

From the chemical equation

Ratio of moles of P₄ and Cl₂ is 1 : 10

Also, from equation (1) & (2)

Ratio of moles of P₄ and Cl₂ is 0.226 : 0.832

If we make the ratio 1 : 1 then,

Ratio of moles of P₄ and Cl₂ becomes 0.226 : 0.0832

As the ratio of moles of Cl₂  is less than moles of P₄ , So Cl₂ becomes the limiting reactant.

Hence,  mole of PCl₅ can be estimated on the basis of moles of Cl₂

From the coefficient of reaction:

mole of  PCl₅ : mole of Cl₂ = 4: 10

10 moles of Cl₂ produce 4 moles of PCl₅

O.832 moles of Cl₂ produce 0.3328 moles of PCl₅

Molecular mass of PCl₅= 208.5 g/mole

Mass of PCl₅ = No. of moles × molar mass

Mass of PCl₅ = 0.3328 × 208.5

Mass of PCl₅ = 69.3 gram

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 69.3 gram PCl₅ will be produced from the given masses of both reactants that is 28.0 g of P₄ and 59.0 g of Cl₂.

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The half-life of a compound is 76 years for 42% of a given sample of the compound decomposes in 60 minutes.

The rate law for first order kinetics is

k = [tex]\frac{2.303}{t}log\frac{a}{a-x}[/tex]

Where

k - rate constant

t - time passed by the sample

a - initial amount of the reactant

a-x - amount left after the decay process

The expression for the half-life of the compound is

[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2} }=\frac{0.693}{k}[/tex]

Where k is the rate constant

It is given that

t = 60 minutes

a = 100 g

a-x = 100 g - 42 g = 58 g

(Since it is given that 42% of the given compound decomposes)

Then,

k = [tex]\frac{2.303}{60}log\frac{100}{58}[/tex]

  = 9.08 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] [tex]years^{-1}[/tex]

Then, the half-life of the compound is

[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2} }=\frac{0.693}{k}[/tex]

    = [tex]\frac{0.693}{9.08*10^{-3} }[/tex]

    = 76.3 years ≅ 76 years

Therefore, the half-life of the given compound is 76 years.

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Answer:

3 NH4OH (l) + H3PO4 (aq) → (NH4)3PO4 (aq) + 3 H2O (l)

Explanation:

This is an acid-base reaction (neutralization): NH4OH is a base, H3PO4 is an acid

Answer:

To balance the equation place a coefficient 3 in front of NH4OH in the reactants and another 3 in front of H2O.

3 NH4OH (l) + H3PO4 (aq) → (NH4)3PO4 (aq) + 3 H2O (l)

Explanation:

To balance equations you are only allowed to change coefficients and not subscripts. You need to make sure you have the same amount of each element on both sides of the equation, sketching a table may help.

Answer: The concentration of the diluted solution is 0.17M.

Explanation:

The equation for diluted solutions is shown as: [tex]M_{s} V_{s} =M_{d} V_{d}[/tex].

~M= Molarity (labeled as M)

~V=Volume (in L)

~s= stock solution (what you started with)

~d= diluted solution (what you finish with)

Now that we have that down, let's plug in our data!

[tex]0.718M*17.6mL=M_{d} *73.3mL[/tex]

(I put [tex]V_{d}[/tex] as 73.3 because you are adding 55.7mL to 17.6mL, meaning that you have to add that to get [tex]V_{d}[/tex]. In other words, [tex]17.6mL+55.7mL=73.3mL[/tex])

There is a little problem here though. The volume is not in liters. But no worries, we can just convert it by dividing it by 1000.

[tex]17.6mL/1000=0.0176L[/tex]     [tex]73.3mL/1000=0.0733L[/tex]

Now that we have both volumes in liters, we can plug them in correctly.

[tex]0.178M*0.0176L=M_{d} *0.0733L[/tex]

[tex]M_{d} =\frac{0.718M*0.0176L}{0.0733L}[/tex]     [tex]M_{d} =0.17M[/tex]

With all of this shown, we now know that the concentration of the diluted solution is 0.17M.

I hope this helps! Pls mark brainliest!! :)

If metals are deposited in streambeds placer mining would probably be used. spoil bank mining open-pit mining placer mining strip mining underground mining

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Electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal in photoelectric effect.

The photoelectric effect is the emission of electron from the surface of a metal when light is shone on the surface..

For electrons to be emitted, the light must have a certain frequency known as threshhold frequency.

Therefore, electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal in photoelectric effect.

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The pKa of the acid is 4.05

Calculation of pKa:

pKa tells about the strength of acidic molecule.

[tex]pK_{a}= -log[K_a][/tex]

Where Ka is the dissociation constant of an acid.

According to Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

[tex]pH= pK_{a} + log\frac{[salt]}{[acid]} \\[/tex]

pH= 4.41

Concentration of acid= 0.32M

Concentration of salt= 0.14M

Putting the values in the equation,

[tex]4.41= pK_{a} + log\frac{0.32}{0.14}\\\\4.41= pK_{a} + 0.36\\\\pK_{a}= 4.41 - 0.36\\pK_{a}= 4.05[/tex]

The pKa of the acid is 4.05.

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I can form two compounds if I combine calcium, hydrogen and oxygen in five minutes.

A compound is formed by the combination of atoms. It is important to note that the same atoms can be combined in different ways to produce new compounds.

I can form two compounds if I combine calcium, hydrogen and oxygen in five minutes.

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Answer:

0.86 moles H₂O

Explanation:

To solve this problem, it is important to first determine the balanced chemical equation. The balanced equation is necessary as it will provide the mole-to-mole ratio needed to convert between moles O₂ and moles H₂O.

The unbalanced equation:

C₈H₁₈ (l) + O₂ (g) ---> CO₂ (g) + H₂O (g)

Reactants: 8 carbon, 18 hydrogen, 2 oxygen

Products: 1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 3 oxygen

As you can see, the equation is not balanced because there are unequal amounts of each element on both sides. Balancing the equation is a matter of guessing-and-checking to see which combination of coefficients work.

The balanced equation:

2 C₈H₁₈ (l) + 25 O₂ (g) ---> 16 CO₂ (g) + 18 H₂O (g)

Reactants: 16 carbon, 36 hydrogen, 50 oxygen

Products: 16 carbon, 36 hydrogen, 50 oxygen

Now that the equation is balanced, we can use the coefficients of O₂ and H₂O to construct our mole-to-mole ratio and perform our conversion. The final answer should have 2 sig figs to match the given value (1.2 moles). The state of matter is most likely not necessary to include in your final answer.

1.2 moles O₂          18 moles H₂O
---------------------  x  -----------------------  =  0.86 moles H₂O
                                25 moles O₂

The group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic properties of a family of organic compounds is called a functional group.

Functional groups are groups of one or extra atoms with exclusive chemical homes regardless of what's connected to them. The atoms of practical agencies are certain via covalent bonds with one another and with the relaxation of the molecule.

Functional groups include:

An atom or institution of atoms that replaces hydrogen in a natural compound that defines the shape of a family of compounds and determines the properties of the family.

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Answer:

a. name of element is copper it's proton is 29 neutron is 34 and electron is 29

b.name of element is sodium it's proton is 11 neutron is 12 and electron is 11

c.name of element is chlorine it's proton is 17 neutron is 18 and electron is 17

d.name of element is iron it's proton is 26 neutron is 30 and electron is 26

It will take 0.012 year to reach the top of the pile of balls.

Given:

height of the pile = 1.10 x 10¹⁴km = 1.10 x 10¹⁷m

speed of light = 3.00 x 10⁸ m/s

Time = distance / speed

=  1.10 x 10¹⁴m /  3.00 x 10⁸ m/s

= 3.67 x 10⁸ s

= 0.012 year

Therefore, the time taken for the object to reach to top of pile is 0.012 year.

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Answer:

1. 0.35 moles NaOH

2. [tex]5.10x10^{-4}[/tex] moles [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]

3. 505.4 g Pb

4. 1.46 g HCl (if that is wrong it's 1.5 g HCl due to sig figs)

5. [tex]3.01x10^{23}[/tex] atoms of Ag

6. [tex]2x10^{-10}[/tex] atoms of Cu

Explanation:

1. The mass of NaOH is 40g. 22.99(Na)+16(O)+1.01(H)=40 g

14 g NaOH *[tex]\frac{1 mol NaOH}{40 g NaOH}[/tex] = 0.35 moles of NaOH

2. Mass of [tex]H_{2} SO_{4} = 2(1.01)+32.06+4(16) = 98.08[/tex]

0.05 g [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] ×[tex]\frac{1 mol H_2SO_4}{98.08g H_2SO_4} = 5.10 x10^{-4}[/tex]

3. mass of Pb = 106.4 g

4.75 moles Pb×[tex]\frac{106.4 g Pb}{1 mol Pb} =505.4 g Pb[/tex]

4. mass of HCl = 1.01 +35.45 = 36.36 g

0.04 mol HCl x [tex]\frac{36.46 g HCl}{1 mol HCl} = 1.456 = 1.5[/tex]

5. 5.00 mol Ag x[tex]\frac{6.022x10^{23} atoms }{1mol Ag} = 3.01x10^{24} atoms[/tex]

6. [tex]3x10^{-10} moles[/tex] Cu x[tex]\frac{6.022x10^{23} atoms}{1 mol Cu} = 1.8668x10^{14}= 2x10^{14}[/tex] atoms of Cu