how are dna fragments separated on an agarose gel during electrophoresis?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: the smaller particles will move further down the gel

Explanation:

DNA is negatively charged because of the negative charges on the phosphate backbone. What you do in an electrophoresis is basically put DNA particles in something similar to Jello, and then put a positive charge at the far end of the gel.

All of the negatively charged DNA is attracted to the positive far end. However, the smaller pieces of DNA will be less tangled in the gel, and can reach the end much quicker.

This allows you to determine the large vs smaller particles basically


Related Questions

Explain the difference among the three types of chemical weathering caused by water.​

Answers

Chemical weathering occurs when rocks undergo chemical reactions to form new minerals. Water, acids, and oxygen are just a few of the chemicals that lead to geological change. Over time, chemical weathering can produce dramatic results.

Chemical Weathering From Water

Water causes both mechanical weathering and chemical weathering. Mechanical weathering occurs when water drips or flows over rock for prolonged periods; the Grand Canyon, for example, was formed to a large degree by the mechanical weathering action of the Colorado River.

Chemical weathering occurs when water dissolves minerals in a rock, producing new compounds. This reaction is called hydrolysis. Hydrolysis occurs, for example, when water comes in contact with granite. Feldspar crystals inside the granite react chemically, forming clay minerals. The clay weakens the rock, making it more likely to break.

Water also interacts with calcites in caves, causing them to dissolve. Calcite in dripping water builds up over many years to create stalagmites and stalactites.

In addition to changing the shapes of rocks, chemical weathering from water changes the composition of water. For example, weathering over billions of years is a big factor in why the ocean is salty.

the most significant difference between biofuels and fossil fuels is that biofuels are:

Answers

The most significant difference between biofuels and fossil fuels is that biofuels are: produced with biomass, that is, they are processed energy resources that come from organic compounds extracted from wild or cultivated plants.

Fossil fuels (such as oil, coal, and natural gas) are those that come from the natural decomposition of organic matter.

They are called non-renewable energies because they are limited natural resources since they require an extensive period of time and specific conditions to form.

On the other hand, a biofuel is a term that is used to refer to all those fuels produced from biomass, that is, through the chemical or physical treatment of organic or plant waste.

That is, unlike fossil fuels that come from energy stored for long periods in fossil remains, biofuels come from biomass, or organic matter that constitutes all living beings on the planet.

Biomass is a renewable energy source, as its production is much faster than the formation of fossil fuels.

The use of biofuels as a renewable energy source can help reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, responsible for the generation of greenhouse gas emissions.

During its production, part of the carbon dioxide that could be released into the atmosphere is extracted from the biomass.

For this reason, biofuels do not contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases.

Therefore, we can conclude that the most significant difference between biofuels and fossil fuels is that biofuels are: produced with biomass.

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If an atom has 16 neutrons and atomic mass 31 it atomic is

Answers

Answer:

Mass number can vary due to the fact that the number of neutrons can vary. Isotopes are named for their mass numbers. So, this element has 15 protons (atomic number), 15 electrons, and 16 neutrons (mass number minus atomic number). This isotope is phosphorus-31, which has atomic number 15.

Explanation:

Subsidies and tax breaks to companies are?
A. Helpful to the environment
B. Not helpful to the economy
C. Not helpful to the company
D. Not helpful to the environment

Answers

Answer:

A Helpful to the environment

what may affect the rate of an enzyme-driven reaction

Answers

Answer:

Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed - temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.

Explanation:

Here is a graph of the products of an enzyme reaction versus time. what is the rate of this reaction

Answers

Answer:

2.5 mg/s

Explanation:

i got it right

need an answer now

asap​

Answers

Answer:

all of these words relate to human impacts on the environment

HURRY! Pls. What occurs when molecules use ATP to pump molecules from one side of a membrane to the other?
Diffusion
Active transport
Stimulus
Conversion

Answers

Answer:

Active transport

Explanation:

Since it is using energy (ATP) to transport molecules, it is transporting the molecules using active transport.

You noticed that a plant in your garden began to wilt because you forgot to water it. You water the plant. About 30 minutes later, you discover that the plant is standing again. How is this scenario related to osmosis?

I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST

Answers

About 30 minutes later you can discover the planet is standing again so it’s related to osmosis

what transports electrons from the light reactions to the calvin cycle?

Answers

Answer:

NADPH

Explanation:

What transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle? NADPH is an electron carrier that picks up electrons in the light reactions and releases them in the Calvin cycle. ... The Calvin cycle is a complex series of chemical reactions carried out in the stroma. there you go

1. What type of cell undergoes meiosis?

Answers

Answer:

Animals cells and plant cells.

Explanation:

What is not a key fluid or molecule that excretion balances?
Nitrogenous waste
Water
Salt
Lymph

Answers

Water is not a key fluid

can anybody help me with this worksheet? Please

Answers

it’s a black screen for me


El cerebro es el órgano principal del Sistema_______y aquí se encuentran las_______

Answers

Answer: nucleus, mitochondrion

Explanation: just did it

BRAINLIEST ASAP! Explain how the Hershey-Chase experiment used bacteriophages with radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus to demonstrate that DNA, and not protein, is the carrier of genetic information.

Answers

Answer:

He separated the phages into radioactive sulfur-containing protein ghosts and radioactive phosphorus-containing DNA. They found that the radioactive sulfur protein ghosts could attach to bacterial membranes while the radioactive phosphorus DNA could not. Hope this helps!

Answer:

He separated the phages into radioactive sulfur-containing protein ghosts and radioactive phosphorus-containing DNA. They found that the radioactive sulfur protein ghosts could attach to bacterial membranes while the radioactive phosphorus DNA could not

Explanation:

9th grade Biology question help me please

Answers

Answer:

it has a high concentration

During fertilization in Choose... two fertilization events take place. One fertilization produces the choose... . Another fertilization event produces the Choose... that nourishes the seedling as it grows.​

Answers

Answer:

angiosperms

Zygote

Endosperm

Explanation:

During fertilization in angiosperm, two fertilization events take place. One fertilization produces the zygote another fertilization event produces the endosperm that nourishes the seedling as it grows.​

What is the fertilization process in angiosperms?

Angiosperms are characterized by a double fertilization event in which one fertilization produces the zygote and the other produces tissue, called endosperm, within the seed.

After double fertilization, a post-fertilization event occurs, that specify triple fusion, the PEN (primary endosperm nucleus) then grows into the endosperm.

Therefore, in this event, one sperm fuses with the egg to form the 2n zygote, and the other sperm fertilizes with two polar nuclei to create the 3n endosperm is known as double fertilization.

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Define the
difference between endangered
species and extinction

Answers

Answer:

endangered species means ths animals are going to be extinct extinction means the they are already dead

Why would the cell theory change over time?

Answers

Answer:

The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell by Hooke. While looking at cork, Hooke observed box-shaped structures, which he called “cells” as they reminded him of the cells, or rooms, in monasteries. This discovery led to the development of the classical cell theory.

Explanation:

hope this helped you sorry if it did not

which of these body cavities is located on the front side of the body?

Answers

Answer:

Ventral. The ventral cavity, the interior space in the front of the body, contains many different organ systems. The organs within the ventral cavity are also called viscera. The ventral cavity has anterior and posterior portions divided by the diaphragm, a sheet of skeletal muscle found beneath the lungs

Explanation:

why does your body release a little bit of energy with each step rather than all at once?

Answers

In cellular respiration, electrons from glucose move gradually through the electron transport chain towards oxygen, passing to lower and lower energy states and releasing energy at each step.

In has been observed that during the process of cellular respiration, electrons from glucose move gradually through the electron transport chain in the direction of oxygen, passing to the lower energy states and releasing energy at each step.

How glucose used in cellular respiration?

During the process of aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with the oxygen which leads to form ATP ( Adenosine triphosphate) that has to  be used by the cell. Carbon dioxide and water has been created as the byproducts. The overall equation for the process of aerobic cellular respiration is that during cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen react in order to form ATP ( Adenosine triphosphate).

Adenosine triphosphate has known as an organic compound which provide energy to living organisms to drive many operations in living cells such as contraction of molecule, muscle pumps, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis.

The energy consumed by the animals in the form of glucose has been conserved because it is transformed into the chemical energy as the carbon dioxide has been produced during the respiration.

Therefore, In has been observed that during the process of cellular respiration, electrons from glucose move gradually through the electron transport chain in the direction of oxygen, passing to the lower energy states and releasing energy at each step.

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What substance is used to make up nerve fibre​

Answers

Answer:Myelin is a lipid-rich (fatty) substance that surrounds nerve cell axons (the nervous system's "wires") to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) are passed along the axon.

Explanation:

fluidity of an animal cell plasma membrane is enhanced by __________.

Answers

Answer:

Cholesterol molecules

Explanation:

Several factors increase the fluidity of the plasma membrane in animal cells.

First, by creating kinks in the lipid structure, the unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids that make up the membrane improve fluidity. Additionally, cholesterol contributes to the preservation of membrane fluidity. As a buffer, it reduces fluidity at high temperatures and prevents solidification at low temperatures. The actual temperature also has an effect on how fluid the membrane is at higher temperatures, the phospholipids move and flow more freely. Last but not least, the ratio of different phospholipids and their saturation levels can have an effect on the fluidity of the membrane.

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a plant with two dominant or two recessive alleles is said to be

Answers

Answer: H0m0zygous

Explanation: Because H0m0zygous is having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.

A family wants to adopt a dog that has very thick fur and cannot be exposed to temperatures above 90 degrees Fahrenheit. This family should only adopt this dog if they live in an area that has which climate properties?

A High average temperatures
B High average rainfall
C Low average rainfall
D Low average temperatures

Answers

Answer:

low average temperatures

Explanation:

low average temperatures so the dog doesn't overheat

Answer:

The answer should be D.

Explanation:

A doesn't work - because the dog cannot be exposed to high temps.

B doesn't work - regardless of rain or not, there's always humidity.

C doesn't work either (see B's explanation)

D seems to be the only correct answer.

Which of the following is true about DNA replication?

Answers

Answer:

c) All of the choices are correct

Explanation:

Answer:

A. ( answer)

Enzymes break the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases to separate the two strands of DNA.

Explanation:

DNA replication involves several different enzymes. Enzymes break the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases to separate the two strands of the DNA molecule. Then an enzyme called DNA polymerase joins individual nucleotides together to form the new complementary strands of DNA. Lastly, the DNA polymerase "proofreads" each new strand to make sure that each DNA molecule is perfect, or a nearly perfect copy of the original molecule.

Symptoms of sleep apnea include which of the following?

Answers

Answer:

All of the above

Explanation:

define mutation and compare gene mutation and chromosomal mutation

Answers

Answer:

In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA.

Explanation:

Which organelle's function is storage of water, food, or waste?
O lysosome
O nucleus
O rough ER
O vacuole

Answers

Answer:

Vacuole

Explanation:

The vacuole's function is to store water, food, or waste.

The nucleus is basically the "control center" or "brain" of the cell.

Lysosomes are basically the digestive system of the cell

Rough ER produces proteins.

Please hurry this is over due!
I will give you all the points i possibly can i your correct!!

(if you give any bs i will report)

Much of what we know about our solar system is based on________?

A) observations of younger, nearby star systems

B) planets, planetary objects

C) computer simulations, and models

D) all the above

Answers

Answer:

B) planets, planetary objects

Explanation:

Solar system was formed about 4.5 billion years ago.We all know that solar system is made up of planets,stars, planetary objects,etc.
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