HIV's attack on CD4 T cells causes suppression of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. the statement is correct is true
Group of answer choices True How does HIV infect the human body?HIV binds to a component of that cell's membrane, CD4, penetrating its interior to multiply. As a result, the defense system gradually loses the ability to respond properly, making the body more vulnerable to disease.
With this information, we can conclude that CD4 are immune system cells (lymphocytes) and the main target of the HIV virus. The number of CD4 decreases with the evolution of the pathology.
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With a particular sterilization process, it takes 25 minutes to kill all organisms in a sample containing 100,000 (105) microbes. How long does it take to eliminate 90% of the organisms using this process
It takes 5 minutes to eliminate 90% of the organisms using this process
Sterilization refers to the process of destroying or eliminating the life of any form of microorganism and is performed in a medical facility by physical or chemical methods. Pressurized steam, dry heat, EtO gas, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, and liquid chemicals are the main sterilizers used in medical facilities. Sterilization means communicating the absolute meaning. Unfortunately, some health professionals and technical and commercial literature call "sterilization" and articles "semi-sterile". When chemicals are used to destroy all forms of microbiological life, they are sometimes referred to as chemical disinfectants. The same disinfectant used for shorter exposure times may also be part of the disinfection process (ie, higher levels of disinfection).
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SNPs are _____, and they _____ produce phenotypic differences. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices
SNPs are Single nucleotide polymorphism and they produce phenotypic differences.
SNPs are polymorphisms that result from single point mutations that result in various alleles with different bases at certain nucleotide positions within a locus. SNPs are already the most common sort of marker because of their enormous prevalence in the genome.SNPs can either be silent (synonymous), modify the encoded amino acids, or just appear in non-coding areas. They may have an impact on messenger RNA (mRNA) structure (stability), subcellular localization of mRNAs and/or proteins, promoter activity (gene expression), and hence may result in illness.learn more about Single nucleotide polymorphism here: https://brainly.com/question/26721811
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Even when they are not using an electron transport chain (ETC), fermenting bacteria need a proton motive force (PMF) for ______.
Even when they are not using an electron transport chain (ETC), fermenting bacteria need a proton motive force (PMF) for transport processes.
The proton motive force (PMF) is an electrochemical gradient of protons that bacteria produce and sustain across their cytoplasmic membrane. Numerous crucial bacterial functions, including ATP production, flagellar motility, and transport processes, depend on this PMF. Proton motive force (PMF) is a fundamental component of all bacterial growth and survival in both replicating and non-replicating environments. Energy is conserved during respiration by producing PMF across a proton-impermeable barrier.
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When testing for tonicity of red blood cells, why were you unable to read the lab manual through the tubes containing hypertonic or isotonic solution
You were unable to read the lab manual through the tubes containing hypertonic or isotonic solution because the cells in those solutions remained intact, causing the solutions to be opaque.
In an isotonic solution, a red blood cell will not experience any net water movement. There won't be a net migration of water towards the solution or the cell since the concentration of the solute and water are identical both within and outside the cell.An animal or plant cell submerged in a hypertonic solution shrinks as a result of water loss ( water moves from a higher concentration inside the cell to a lower concentration outside ). hence the cells remain intact causing the solution to be opaque.learn more about hypertonic or isotonic here: https://brainly.com/question/19358677
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Which are classified as accessory muscles that assist in active exhalation, as in when you are pushing out extra air from your lungs
The accessory expiratory muscles that assist in active exhalations are
Rectus abdominisExternal obliqueInternal obliqueTransversus abdominis.What is rectus abdominis?Rectus abdominis at the front of the pelvis, hanging between the ribs and the pubic bone.
What is external oblique?
One of the most important abdominal muscles, the external oblique muscle wraps around and descends to the pelvis from the lower half of the ribs.
What is internal oblique?On the outside of the abdomen, there is a muscle called the internal abdominal oblique.
What is transversus abdominis?In the internal oblique muscle's near vicinity in the abdomen is the transverse abdominis.
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The type of _______ found in oats, barley, lentils, split peas, and beans protects against heart disease.
Why does the lethal “b” allele affect more males than females?
In female mammalian cells, one X chromosome of the two would undergo random inactivation early in embryonic life, and therefore both males and females have a single active Y. with this the disease has a predilection in men because women do not carry the Y gene
What are the consequences of lethal alleles?Recessive lethal alleles cause death when they are homozygous. Death occurs at the stage when the product of this gene is needed. If the gene in question is responsible for the synthesis of a particular protein in early childhood, for example, the organism will die at that moment.
With this information, we can conclude that Y chromosome, is what guarantees the development of a male embryo and the lethal “b” allele
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The growth of___________around axons speeds neurotransmission, enabling better communication between the frontal lobe and other brain regions.
The growth of myelin around axons speeds neurotransmission, enabling better communication between the frontal lobe and other brain regions.
A layer or sheath called myelin made up of protein and substances develop around nerve cells, including those in the brain and spinal cord.
Myelin can function as an insulator because of its low capacitance and high electrical resistance qualities. That’s why it is also called as an insulating layer.
Since axons are insulated by the myelin sheath, which makes it possible for them to carry electrical signals more quickly than they would be able to otherwise.
Thus, the speed of electrical transmission increases with an axon's degree of myelination.
These myelinated nerves can have a signal transmission speed of up to 100 m/s.
And this high speed of neurotransmission also enables better communication between the frontal lobe and other brain regions.
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The standard scientific method is how we conduct all scientific research. Group of answer choices True False
The statement “the standard scientific method is how we conduct all scientific research,” is true.
Standard Scientific Methods
The problem-solving method utilized for various scientific studies is called scientific methods. It has 5 common steps and one feedback step. They are,
Making observationAsking questionsHypothesis formationMaking predictions based on the given hypothesisTesting the predictions based on the given hypothesis.Using the results to create a different and new hypothesisSuch a methodology is utilized in all fields of science including chemistry, biology, physics, geology, psychology, etc. During such a study the hypothesis formed in the beginning could be correct or incorrect and this result can be used to form new hypotheses and observations. Most of the time such studies are not linear and can circle back to the origin.
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The statement “the standard scientific method is how we conduct all scientific research,” is true.
Standard Scientific Methods
The problem-solving method utilized for various scientific studies is called scientific methods. It has 5 common steps and one feedback step. They are,
Making observationAsking questionsHypothesis formationMaking predictions based on the given hypothesisTesting the predictions based on the given hypothesis.Using the results to create a different and new hypothesisSuch a methodology is utilized in all fields of science including chemistry, biology, physics, geology, psychology, etc. During such a study the hypothesis formed in the beginning could be correct or incorrect and this result can be used to form new hypotheses and observations. Most of the time such studies are not linear and can circle back to the origin.
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The right optic tract: A. carries information from the lateral halves of both retinae. B. carries information from the medial halves of both retinae. C. carries information from the lateral half of the retina (right eye) and the medial half of the retina (left eye).
The right optic tract carries information from the lateral half of the retina (right eye) and the medial half of the retina (left eye).
The optic tract is a continuation of the brain's optic nerve. It starts where the signals from the left and right eyes cross (or "decussate") to produce a whole visual image.The left and right optic tracts make up the optic tract, which is actually made up of two independent tracts. Information from the temporal retinal fibers in the left eye and the nasal retinal fiber in the right eye is sent by the left optic tract. The temporal retinal fibers from the right eye and the nasal retinal fibers from the left eye transmit information to the right optic tract.Homonymous hemianopsia, a disorder that results in a partial loss of sight affecting either the right or left eye, can be brought on by damage to the optic tract.learn more about optic tract here: https://brainly.com/question/7283580
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Sebastian has chronic myelogenous leukemia and is being given imatinib (Gleevec). Imatinib blocks specific enzymes and growth factor receptors that affect cancer cell proliferation and belongs to the class of drugs called ____.
Answer:
signal transduction inhibitors
Bonds between animo acids are what type of bonds?
A. Covalent
B. Peptide
C. Hydrogen
D. Ionic
The bonds between amino acids are PEPTIDE chemical bonds (Option B).
What is a peptide bond?A peptide bond is a special type of chemical bond between adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
Peptide bonds are known to be formed by a chemical process called dehydration synthesis.
In conclusion, amino acids bind by PEPTIDE chemical bonds (Option B).
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what does a pyramid of biomass represent?
a. amount of living tissue within a tropic area
b. range of food webs found in one tropic level
c. number of total organisms within each tropic level
d. percentage of energy that's passed through each tropic level
A pyramid of biomass represents the amount of living tissue within a tropic area (Option a).
What is biomass?Biomass refers to the amount of mass instead of energy contian in a given ecosystem/tropic level.
Biomass is mainly dependent on the number of producer organisms (e.g., plants) in the ecosystem.
In conclusion, a pyramid of biomass is the living tissue within a tropic area (Option a).
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Which of the following is a result of mitosis?
A. Two newly synthesized DNA strands in each cell
B. One strand of original DNA and a new strand in each cell
C. A DNA molecule cleaved in half for each daughter cell
D. One cell has the original DNA, the other has new DNA
Answer:
answer is option is easy it is c
Label the chromosomes in this drawing as being maternal or paternal
Answer:
please include a picture so I can see what you are referring to
Which type of desert would most likely contain the greatest number of xerophytes?
A. semiarid
B. coastal
C. hot and dry
D. cold
Answer:
A xerophyte is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water, such as a desert like hot and dry
Hot and dry type of desert would most likely contain the greatest number of xerophytes. So, the correct option is C.
What are xerophytes?Xerophytes are plants which have evolved to thrive in arid or low-water situations. These plants have a variety of characteristics that aid in water conservation, including deep roots that can access groundwater, thick, waxy leaves that limit water loss via transpiration, and the capacity to close stomata during the warmest part of the day. Cacti, succulents, and a wide variety of desert plants are examples of xerophytes.
The greatest concentration of xerophytes would presumably be found in hot, dry deserts because of their adaptation to such environments. In order to thrive in arid settings, plants known as xerophytes have developed specialised adaptations to lessen water loss and retain water in their tissues.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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make 2 Punnett squares using these crosses.
AA x aa and Aa x aa
Answer:
Attached is an image of the two Punnett squares. When making Punnett squares, each parent's alleles are crossed. This results in 4 possible genotypes of the children.
Why are groups of small cells better than one large cell at moving material in and out?
A) they have a lower surface to volume ratio
B) they have a smaller volume
C) they have more cell structures
D) they have a greater surface to volume ratio
Groups of small cells better than one large cell at moving material in and out because they have a lower surface to volume ratio. Option D
What is cell?A cell can be defined as the simplest, basic, structural and functional unit of life. The study of cell is known as cytology.
There are two types of living organisms based on the numbers of cells they have; these are
Unicellular organismsMulticellular organismsTherefore, groups of small cells better than one large cell at moving material in and out because they have a lower surface to volume ratio.
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Even if blood is carefully collected into a tube that has not been treated with an anticoagulant, it will clot. Which part of hemostasis is triggered by the activation of clotting factor XII
The intrinsic pathway gets triggered by the activation of clotting factor XII in hemostasis.
What is the function of factor XII in intrinsic pathway?We do not fully understand the precise function of factor XII in the clotting process or any extra effects it may have on the body. Factor XII may be involved in tissue repair and blood vessel development in addition to the clotting process (angiogenesis).
The intrinsic pathway is the longer pathway of secondary hemostasis. It begins with the activation of Factor XII (a zymogen, inactivated serine protease) which becomes Factor XIIA (activated serine protease) after exposure to endothelial collagen.
In the vascular system, trauma activates the intrinsic pathway, which is also triggered by platelets, exposed endothelium, chemicals, or collagen. Although slower than the extrinsic pathway, this one is more crucial.
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''Going outside with wet hair will make you sick."
What would be the independent and dependent variables?
And they also asked for a procedure that anyone can follow and test the hypothesis.
Answer:
Explanation:
Going outside with wet hair
Children have heard the warnings since the beginning of time: “Don’t go out in the cold with wet hair, or you’ll catch pneumonia!” But with apologies to grandma (she has so much other wisdom to share), this one isn’t true.
You cannot get sick from simply going outside with wet hair.
“Hair being wet is not the cause for catching a cold,” Dr. Goldman says. “A microorganism, such as a virus, has to be involved to cause a cold.”
Which two methods helped the revivalists of the Great Awakenings increase people’s participation?
camp meetings
prayers during work hours
women leading prayers
creating rituals for mass experiences
Camp meetings and prayers during work hours are the two methods that helped the revivalists of the Great Awakenings increase people’s participation.
What is Great Awakening?The Great Awakening was a religious revival that impacted the English colonies in America. This movement started when the idea of secular rationalism was being emphasized. This movement bring survival of religion in the society.
So we can conclude that Camp meetings and prayers during work hours are the two methods that helped the revivalists of the Great Awakenings increase people’s participation.
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The two methods that helped the revivalists of the Great Awakenings increase people’s participation were camp meetings and prayers during work hours.
Who are revivalists?Revivalists are individuals that promotes and conducts religious revival meetings.
In order to increase the participation of the people the following activities where encouraged:
Camp meetings: This is where individuals are being gathered and taught the gospel. Prayers are equally carried out during this meeting.Prayers during work hours: The revivalist uses this opportunity to engage the working class citizens.Therefore, the two methods that helped the revivalists of the Great Awakenings increase people’s participation were camp meetings and prayers during work hours.
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Which types of microbes are particularly likely to secrete proteases, which allow them to use proteins as an energy and carbon source
Fungi and some soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms are most likely to secrete proteases which allow them to use protein as an energy and carbon source.
An enzyme called a protease catalyzes the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or individual amino acids.
Basically, protease is a protein hydrolyzing enzyme.
There are different functions of this enzyme but in some cases like fungi and other soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, it allows proteins to serve as a source of carbon and nitrogen for the growth of microbes.
Enzymes that break down proteins(proteases) are released by these microbes extracellularly into amino acids .These amino acids can then be carried into cells and enter metabolic pathways for energy production.
In this way, these microbes secrete proteases which allow them to use protein as an energy and carbon source.
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what is biology ? ky
Answer:
It's the study of living organisms; you could remember the word bio which means life.
Explanation:
hope it helps
sry if I'm wrong
Plants introduced into new habitats in which they were not originally raised are said to be ________.
Which two processes form a cycle, with the products of one process becoming the reactants of the other?
O photosynthesis and erosion
O bioremediation and cellular respiration
O cellular respiration and photosynthesis
O erosion and bioremediation
Answer:
The two cycles are photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration releases energy stored in glucose (during photosynthesis). Most of this energy is transferred to an energy molecule that can be used by all cells: ATP.
And the wastes of respiration are carbon dioxide and water, which are precisely the raw materials of photosynthesis in chloroplasts (forming two linked closed cycles).
Explanation:
Answer:
The two cycles are photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
One possible way to categorize nervous system disorders is to check levels of neurotransmitters. What degenerative disorder is partly identified by the progressive loss of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
What is Parkinson's disease?
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative ailment that primarily affects dopamine-producing ("dopaminergic") neurons in the substantia nigra, a particular region of the brain.
In most cases, symptoms appear slowly over many years. Due to the variety of the condition, the evolution of symptoms can vary a little from person to person. People with PD might go through:
Tremor in the hands that is typically described as pill-rolling tremor when at rest. There may be additional tremor types.BradykinesiaLimb stiffnessBalance and gait issuesLearn more about Parkinson's disease here:
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What term represents the six anatomical locations of predictable movement patterns where movement dysfunctions can be detected? Spinal column Kinetic chain checkpoints Skeletal landmarks Joints of articulation
The term that represents the six anatomical locations of predictable movement patterns where movement dysfunctions can be detected is the Kinetic chain checkpoints.
What is Kinetic chain checkpoints?Kinetic chain checkpoints are those points in the body that are used to effectively and professionally describe the movement processes of the human body.
The various checkpoints are:
the feet and ankles, the knees, the hip and pelvis, the shoulders, and the head.These locations are used to predict movement patterns where movement dysfunctions can be detected.
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Kinetic chain checkpoints represents the six anatomical locations of predictable movement patterns and is denoted as option B
What is Kinetic chain checkpoints?
These are groups of body segments, connecting joints, etc which have a connection to the spine in the human body.
They work together to ensure body parts are easily moved and makes the detection of movement dysfunctions easier.
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How does Inquiry differ from the Scientific Method?
Inquiry differs from the scientific method in the following ways:
Inquiry is a mere search for information or fact while scientific method is a procedural method of discovering information.
What is the scientific method?The scientific method is a method of discovering knowledge about the natural world based on hypotheses, testing them empirically, and developing theories that match known data from repeatable physical experimentation.
Inquiry refers to a search for truth, information, or knowledge or the examination of facts or principles. It can also be termed as an investigation.
Therefore, inquiry is a mere search for information or fact while scientific method is a procedural method of discovering information.
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A normal human genotype is made up of: a set of 23 single chromosomes. a set of 23 pairs of chromosomes. 46 pairs of genes. over 1,000,000 different genes.
A normal human genotype is made up of a set of 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What is a Genotype?The genotype is the individual organism's unique set of all genes. A genotype can also be defined as the complete set of heritable genes that can be transferred to the offspring from its parents.These genes help to encode specific features and characteristics that can be physically expressed in an organism (phenotype).The three genotypes are homozygous dominant (PP), Heterozygous (Pp), and Homozygous (pp).The human genotype is formed by 46 chromosomes or a set of 23 chromosomes.To learn more about Gene,
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Which type of human activity is having a major impact on Earth’s climate?
A. consuming processed foods in large amounts
B. creating large quantities of waste
C. burning mass quantities of fossil fuels
D. overfishing the oceans
Answer:
C. burning mass quantities of fossil fuels
Explanation:
CO2 is a byproduct of burning fossil fuels. There are three isotopes of carbon (C), 12, 13, and 14. The most prevalent carbon is C-12, followed by C-13 and C-14, which are both relatively uncommon. C-12 is preferred by plants over the heavier C-13 and C-14. Global CO2 emissions are increasing. Since fossil fuels are derived from ancient plant deposits, they are rich in C-12 and depleted in C-13 after burning. As a result, there is a greater concentration of C-12 in the CO2 produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. In addition to CO2 levels rising, the ratio of atmospheric carbon isotopes is also shifting, with an increase in the ratio of C-12 to C-13. indicating that the C-12 isotope of CO2 is present in greater amounts than the C-13 isotope in the environment. This makes sense given that fossil fuels, which are high in C-12 and low in C-13, burn when they are burned.
The use of fossil fuels wouldn't immediately cause climate change. Instead, the burning of fossil fuels releases triatomic molecules, whose chemical structure allows them to be both unexcited by UV light and highly stimulated by IR radiation, thereby contributing to the greenhouse effect. (Molecules like methane and carbon dioxide act as windows for UV light while acting as barriers for IR light.) Excited molecules can reduce their level of excitement by releasing photons, which causes them to release some of the energy that was supplied to them in the form of IR radiation.
Answer:
There is overwhelming evidence that human activities, especially burning of fuels, are leading to increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which in turn amplify the natural greenhouse effect, causing the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, ocean, and land surface to increase
the answer will c