A full binary tree has an odd number of vertices.
To prove this, we will use mathematical induction.
Let T(n) be a full binary tree with n vertices.1.
Basis: We begin by demonstrating that a full binary tree with a single vertex has an odd number of vertices.T(1) is defined as a single vertex with no edges.
The root is the only vertex in the tree.T(1) = 1. 1 is an odd number, as it can be written as 2k+1, where k = 0.2.
Inductive hypothesis: Let T(n) be a full binary tree with n vertices, and assume that T(n) has an odd number of vertices.
3. Recursive rule: If T1 and T2 are full binary trees, then a new tree T can be constructed by first placing T1 to the left of T2, adding a new vertex v at the time and then adding an edge between v and the root of T1 and an edge between v and the root of T2.
The new vertex v is the root of T.root → T1 T2We may obtain T(n+1) from this recursive rule by setting T1 to T(n) and T2 to T(1).
Thus, we have:T(n+1) = T(n) T(1) + 1
Since T(n) has an odd number of vertices (by the inductive hypothesis) and T(1) has one vertex (odd), T(n+1) must have an odd number of vertices, as any odd number plus one is an even number. Since the number of vertices in a full binary tree T(n+1) is odd, the statement is true for any full binary tree.
To know more about the binary tree, click here;
https://brainly.com/question/13152677
#SPJ11
what is the internet revolution
Answer:
Down below
Explanation:
The Internet age began in the 1960s, when computer specialists in Europe began to exchange information from a main computer to a remote terminal by breaking down data into small packets of information that could be reassembled at the receiving end. ... The system was called packet-switching
Answer:
I think it was when the internet was on the come up like the .com boom that happened and ended up making people lose a lot of money
Explanation:
yup
what is Information communication technology?
Information communication is the use of devices to communicate with others such as family and friends.
What is the total running time of counting from 1 to n in binary if the time needed to add 1 to the current number i is proportional to the number of bits in the binary expansion of i that must change in going from i to i + 1?
The running time would be about 67minutes
17.8.1 packet tracer - design and build a small network - physical mode
In Packet Tracer, the physical mode allows users to design and build a small network by visually representing the physical components and connections.
Packet Tracer is a network simulation tool developed by Cisco Systems that enables users to design, configure, and troubleshoot network scenarios. In physical mode, users can create a small network by selecting and placing physical devices such as routers, switches, computers, and cables on a virtual workspace.
By using the drag-and-drop interface, users can connect the devices and configure their physical attributes, such as interface connections, IP addresses, and subnet masks. This mode offers a realistic representation of the physical network components and their interconnections.
Physical mode in Packet Tracer is particularly useful for designing and building small networks because it allows users to visually plan and construct the network layout. It enables users to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the network design before actual implementation. Additionally, users can simulate network traffic, test connectivity, and troubleshoot potential issues in a safe virtual environment.
Overall, Packet Tracer's physical mode offers a practical approach to design and build small networks by providing a visual representation of physical components and allowing users to configure and test network configurations in a simulated environment.
Learn more about packet tracer here:
brainly.com/question/30407257
#SPJ11
Which of the following is not a social engineering technique
A) None of the choices are social engineering techniques
B) Tailgating
C) Shoulder Surfing
D) Careless internet surfing
E) All of the choices are social engineering techniques
Option A is the correct answer. None of the choices listed are social engineering techniques.
Social engineering refers to the manipulation and deception of individuals to gain unauthorized access to information or systems. It involves exploiting human psychology and tendencies to trick people into disclosing sensitive information or performing actions that can compromise security.
Option A states that none of the choices are social engineering techniques, and this is the correct answer. Options B, C, and D (Tailgating, Shoulder Surfing, and Careless internet surfing) are indeed social engineering techniques. Tailgating refers to unauthorized individuals gaining physical access to secure areas by following closely behind an authorized person. Shoulder Surfing involves an attacker observing someone's sensitive information (such as passwords or PINs) by looking over their shoulder. Careless internet surfing refers to individuals unknowingly visiting malicious websites or falling victim to online scams.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. None of the choices are social engineering techniques, as all the options listed (B, C, and D) are indeed social engineering techniques.
learn more about social engineering techniques.here:
https://brainly.com/question/31021547
#SPJ11
Which appears when you move the pointer over a cell?
A tooltip appears when you move the pointer over a cell.
A tooltip is a small pop-up box that appears when the user hovers the mouse pointer over a specific element, such as a cell in a table or a button on a webpage. It provides additional information or a description related to the element being hovered over. In the context of the question, when the user moves the pointer over a cell, a tooltip may appear to provide details about the content of that cell or any other relevant information associated with it.
The tooltip helps in enhancing user experience by providing quick and contextual information without requiring the user to click or navigate to another page.
You can learn more about tooltip at
https://brainly.com/question/14840233
#SPJ11
which of the following services allows users to save by purchasing a one-year or three-year contract, and users are then billed monthly at a reduced amount?
The service that allows users to save by purchasing a one-year or three-year contract and then being billed monthly at a reduced amount is known as a subscription-based service.
Subscription-based services offer users the option to commit to a longer-term contract, typically one year or three years, and in return, they receive a reduced monthly billing amount. This model encourages users to make a commitment upfront and provides cost savings over the duration of the contract.
By signing up for a longer-term contract, users can take advantage of discounted pricing compared to monthly billing without a contract. The reduced monthly amount allows users to save money over time and makes the service more affordable.
Subscription-based services are common in various industries, including software, media streaming, cloud services, and telecommunications. Examples include software subscriptions, streaming platforms, web hosting services, and mobile phone plans. These services provide flexibility, convenience, and cost savings for users who are willing to commit to a longer-term contract.
By offering discounted pricing through extended contracts, subscription-based services incentivize customer loyalty and provide a win-win scenario for both the service provider and the user.
Learn more about service here:
brainly.com/question/29908353
#SPJ11
if the irr is greater than the ______, we should accept the project.
If the IRR is greater than the hurdle rate, we should accept the project.
In the capital budgeting decision process, the internal rate of return (IRR) is a financial metric utilized to examine the profitability of potential investments. The internal rate of return (IRR) is used to calculate the rate at which the net present value (NPV) of cash flows from a project equates to zero.The term "hurdle rate" refers to a minimum acceptable rate of return on investment, often determined by the firm's cost of capital, that must be reached before a capital investment project is authorized.
Many businesses, ranging from SMEs to MNCs, use capital budgeting as a financial process. This procedure involves calculating the costs associated with major projects including purchasing fixed assets, investing in equipment and resources, and funding R&D. To secure the highest possible income and revenue, a budget must be established for each of these significant expenses.
Companies are now understanding how crucial capital budgeting has become for managing their revenue and expenses effectively, which is why the field of capital budgeting as well as the philosophy behind it are expanding.
Know more about hurdle rate here:
https://brainly.com/question/30328497
#SPJ11
The ________ focuses on integration with existing systems when identifying information
systems development projects.
A. top management
B. steering committee
C. user department
D. development group
E. project manager
The correct answer is B. steering committee.
The steering committee is responsible for overseeing and guiding information systems development projects. When identifying such projects, the steering committee considers integration with existing systems as one of the key factors. T
hey assess how the new system will fit into the current infrastructure and ensure compatibility and smooth integration with the existing systems.
While other options such as top management, user department, development group, and project manager may have involvement in the identification and development of information systems projects, the steering committee specifically focuses on integration with existing systems.
learn more about steering committee here
https://brainly.com/question/29024389
#SPJ11
heyyyyyy
byeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Answer:
byeeeeeeee
Explanation:
Answer:
Heyyyyyyy
Byeeeeeee
Explanation:
1 radio buttons work in a group to provide a set of mutually-exclusive options. true false
Radio buttons work in a group to provide a set of mutually-exclusive options. This statement is true.
Radio buttons are an input control that allows users to choose one option from a list of options. These options are mutually exclusive, which means that only one option can be selected at a time. Radio buttons are commonly used in web forms, surveys, and questionnaires where users are required to choose one option from a list of options. When a user clicks on a radio button, it becomes selected and the previously selected option becomes unselected.Radio buttons are often used in conjunction with other input controls like text boxes, drop-down lists, and checkboxes to create complex web forms. The use of radio buttons in web forms helps to improve the user experience by making it easy for users to select the desired option. Radio buttons are a simple yet powerful input control that provides users with a set of mutually-exclusive options. They are easy to use and understand and are commonly used in web forms to improve the user experience.
To know more about the Radio buttons, click here;
https://brainly.com/question/31787557
#SPJ11
Which of the following SQL statement will return all of the CUSTOMER whose last name begins with Dunn?
Group of answer choices
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE CUS_LNAME LIKE 'Dunn%';
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE CUS_LNAME = 'Dunn%';
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE CUS_LNAME IN 'Dunn%';
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE CUS_LNAME IS 'Dunn';
The SQL statement that will return all of the CUSTOMER whose last name begins with Dunn is: SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE CUS_LNAME LIKE 'Dunn%';
Explanation: The SQL statement SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE CUS_LNAME LIKE 'Dunn%'; is used to return all of the CUSTOMER whose last name begins with Dunn."LIKE" is used for pattern matching and "Dunn%" denotes any value that starts with "Dunn". Therefore, this query returns all the rows with last name starting with "Dunn". The "%" sign is used as a wildcard in SQL. A relational database's structured query language (SQL) is a programming language used to store and process data. In a relational database, data is stored in tabular form, with rows and columns denoting various data qualities and the relationships between the values of those attributes. To store, update, remove, search for, and retrieve data from the database, utilise SQL statements. SQL can also be used to optimise and maintain database performance.
Know more about SQL statement here:
https://brainly.com/question/32258254
#SPJ11
1. List all the different product categories and subcategories in alphabetical order, list only the product category and product subcategory. Sort by the product subcategory
2. Display the order date the ship date for all orders that were made April 1 through April 15. List the order date, ship date, order priority, and ship mode. Order the results by order date. Do you notice anything unusual about the data? Hint: You need to join the orders and shipping together and use a join statement. You will need to limit the result set by the date field order date <= to date('04/15 /2018', 'mm/dd/yyyy'). ]
1. Here is the SQL query for listing all the different product categories and subcategories in alphabetical order, listing only the product category and product subcategory and sorting by the product subcategory:
SELECT Product_Category, Product_SubcategoryFROM ProductsORDER BY Product_Subcategory ASC;2.
Here is the SQL query for displaying the order date, the ship date, the order priority, and the ship mode for all orders that were made between April 1 and April 15, ordering the results by order date and joining the orders and shipping tables together:
SELECT Orders.Order_Date,
Shipping.Ship_Date,
Orders.Order_Priority,
Shipping.Ship_ModeFROM OrdersJOIN Shipping ON Orders.
Order_ID = Shipping.Order_IDWHERE
Orders.Order_Date BETWEEN '2018-04-01' AND '2018-04-15'ORDER BY Orders.Order_Date ASC;
When running this query, it is important to note that the date format used is 'yyyy-mm-dd' and that the BETWEEN operator is inclusive of the start and end dates. Additionally, the join is done on the Order_ID column in both tables and the result set is limited by the WHERE clause.
To know more about the SQL query, click here;
https://brainly.com/question/31663284
#SPJ11
Select all that apply. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true about the set container?
a. It is an associative container.
b. All the elements in a set must be unique.
c. A set container is virtually the same as a size container.
d. The elements in a set are automatically sorted in ascending order.
The correct statements about the set container are:
All the elements in a set must be unique and the elements in a set are automatically sorted in ascending order.
So, the correct answer is B and D.
The set container is an associative container used to store unique elements in a specific order. It is not similar to a size container. It is used when we need to store a group of unique values, and its size varies depending on the values added or removed from the set.
Set elements are always sorted by their value, and this is performed using a comparison function or operator
An associative container is a container that stores objects of a specific type and permits efficient retrieval of the object's values through the use of a key. It is used to implement tables, dictionaries, and maps.
Hence, the answer of the question is B and D.
Learn more about the set container at:
https://brainly.com/question/32226288
#SPJ11
Rewrite the following BNF to add the prefix ++ and -- unary operators of Java
→ = → + | → * | → ( ) | → A | B | C
The above grammar contains the prefix ++ and -- unary operators of Java. These operators are used to increment or decrement the value of a variable.
The given BNF can be rewritten as follows by adding the prefix ++ and -- unary operators of Java:S → ++S | --S | +S | *T | (S)T → ++S | --S | +S | *T | (S)U → A | B | CU → U*S | US → ++S | --S | +T | A | B | C
The above grammar contains the prefix ++ and -- unary operators of Java. These operators are used to increment or decrement the value of a variable. These operators are used as follows:++var: It increments the value of the variable by 1. For example, if var=5, then ++var will give the result 6.--var: It decrements the value of the variable by 1. For example, if var=5, then --var will give the result 4.So, the given BNF is modified with the addition of prefix ++ and -- unary operators of Java. The above grammar contains the prefix ++ and -- unary operators of Java. These operators are used to increment or decrement the value of a variable.
Learn more about Java :
https://brainly.com/question/12978370
#SPJ11
find the speed of the proton (vf)p by the time the distance between the particles doubles
The speed of the proton (vf)p remains unchanged when the distance between the particles doubles.
To find the speed of the proton (vf)p when the distance between the particles doubles, we need to consider the conservation of momentum.
Let's assume that the initial speed of the proton is (vi)p and the initial distance between the particles is di. When the distance between the particles doubles, the new distance becomes 2di.
According to the conservation of momentum, the momentum before and after the doubling of the distance should be the same.
Before: (mi * (vi)p) + (mj * (vj)) = initial momentum
After: (mi * (vf)p) + (mj * (vj)) = final momentum
Since we are interested in the speed of the proton, we can disregard the mass of the other particle (mj) and assume it remains constant.
Therefore, we have:
(mi * (vi)p) = (mi * (vf)p)
Simplifying the equation:
(vi)p = (vf)p
This means that the speed of the proton remains the same before and after the doubling of the distance between the particles.
In other words, the speed of the proton (vf)p remains unchanged when the distance between the particles doubles.
Learn more about doubles here:
https://brainly.com/question/31929070
#SPJ11
Consider the code segment below, where arr is a one-dimensional array of integers.
int sum = 0;
for (int n : arr)
{
sum = sum + 2 * n;
}
System.out.print(sum);
Which of the following code segments will produce the same output as the code segment above?
A
int sum = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < arr.length; k++)
{
sum = sum + 2 * k;
}
System.out.print(sum);
B
int sum = 0;
for (int k = 0; k <= arr.length; k++)
{
sum = sum + 2 * k;
}
System.out.print(sum);
C
int sum = 0;
for (int k = 1; k <= arr.length; k++)
{
sum = sum + 2 * k;
}
System.out.print(sum);
D
int sum = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < arr.length; k++)
{
sum = sum + 2 * arr[k];
}
System.out.print(sum);
E
int sum = arr[0];
for (int k = 1; k <= arr.length; k++)
{
sum = sum + 2 * arr[k];
}
System.out.print(sum);
The code segment that will produce the same output as the original code is D.
Explanation:
The original code segment iterates over each element n in the arr array and adds 2 * n to the sum variable. This effectively doubles each element in the array and accumulates the sum of all the doubled values.
Option D uses a similar approach but accesses the elements of the array directly using the index k. It iterates over the array indices from 0 to arr.length - 1 and adds 2 * arr[k] to the sum variable. This performs the same doubling operation on each element of the array.
Options A, B, and C use the index variable k instead of the array elements to calculate the sum. This would not produce the same output because it does not consider the actual values in the array.
Option E initializes the sum variable with arr[0] and then doubles each subsequent element arr[k] in the array. However, the loop condition k <= arr.length goes beyond the valid index range, leading to an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException. Therefore, option E is not equivalent to the original code.
Hence, the correct option that produces the same output as the original code is D.
learn more about code here
https://brainly.com/question/17204194
#SPJ11
Update the `manhattan_trips()` function
This function determines the top 20 locations with a `DOLocationID` in manhattan by passenger_count (pcount).
Example output formatting:
```
+--------------+--------+
| DOLocationID | pcount |
+--------------+--------+
| 5| 15|
| 16| 12| +--------------+--------+
To update the manhattan_trips() function to determine the top 20 locations with a DOLocationID in Manhattan by passenger_count (pcount), you can use the following code:
python
Copy code
import pandas as pd
def manhattan_trips(data):
# Filter data for trips with DOLocationID in Manhattan
manhattan_trips = data[data['DOLocationID'].between(1, 34)]
# Group by DOLocationID and calculate the sum of passenger_count
location_counts = manhattan_trips.groupby('DOLocationID')['passenger_count'].sum().reset_index()
# Sort the locations by passenger_count in descending order
sorted_locations = location_counts.sort_values('passenger_count', ascending=False).head(20)
# Format and display the output
print("+--------------+--------+")
print("| DOLocationID | pcount |")
print("+--------------+--------+")
for index, row in sorted_locations.iterrows():
print(f"| {row['DOLocationID']:12}| {row['passenger_count']:6}|")
print("+--------------+--------+")
# Example usage:
# Assuming you have a DataFrame named 'trips_data' containing the trip information
manhattan_trips(trips_data)
This code filters the data for trips with DOLocationID between 1 and 34, which correspond to Manhattan locations. Then, it groups the data by DOLocationID and calculates the sum of passenger_count for each location. The resulting locations are sorted in descending order based on passenger_count and the top 20 locations are selected. Finally, the output is formatted and displayed in a tabular format using the print statements.
Make sure to replace 'trips_data' with the actual name of your DataFrame containing the trip information.
learn more about code here
https://brainly.com/question/20712703
#SPJ11
when creating a dump file from an application or process, where is the dump file placed?
When creating a dump file from an application or process, where is the dump file placed
\Users\ADMINISTRATOR\AppData\Local\Temp\dumpfolder#\programprocessname.DMP
What is a dump fileThe placement of a dump file can differ based on the OS and application/debugging tool settings when generating it from a process or application.
Typically, dump files are saved in a particular directory or folder that is established by the operating system or the dump-producing tool.
Learn more about dump file from
https://brainly.com/question/15217900
#SPJ4
____ store information about page locations, allocated page frames, and secondary storage space.
Page tables store information about page locations, allocated page frames, and secondary storage space.
What is a page table?In computing, a page table is a data structure utilized by a virtual memory system in a computer operating system to keep track of the virtual-to-physical address translations. It represents the page frame allocation for the operating system's main memory.
Virtual memory is a memory management method that allows an operating system to expand its effective memory size by moving data from RAM to disk storage. Virtual memory addresses are used by the system's memory manager, and the page table is used to translate virtual memory addresses to physical memory addresses.
Learn more about virtual memory at;
https://brainly.com/question/32262565
#SPJ11
why is the calibration of the coffee-cup calorimeter (as described in your lab manual) an important factor for data collection?
Calibrating the coffee-cup calorimeter is crucial for accurate data collection in experiments because it ensures that the system's heat capacity is known for allowing for precise measurement of heat transfer.
Calibration of the coffee-cup calorimeter is essential because it establishes the heat capacity of the system, which is a critical factor in accurately measuring heat transfer during experiments. The calorimeter's heat capacity refers to the amount of heat energy required to raise its temperature by a certain amount. By calibrating the calorimeter, we determine its specific heat capacity and account for its thermal properties.
During an experiment, the calorimeter is used to measure the heat exchange that occurs between the substances being studied. To accurately calculate the heat transfer, it is crucial to account for the calorimeter's contribution to the total heat change. By calibrating the calorimeter, we can determine its heat capacity and factor it into the calculations, enabling more precise measurement of heat transfer.
Without calibration, there may be errors in the data collected due to an unknown or inaccurate heat capacity of the calorimeter. These errors can lead to incorrect measurements and inaccurate conclusions. Therefore, calibration ensures that the calorimeter's heat capacity is known, enabling reliable and accurate data collection in experiments involving heat transfer.
Learn more about callibration here:
brainly.com/question/32408352
#SPJ11
Which of the following describes the coding clinic reviewed for the Admit Diagnosis – Weakness? Question options: Do not code weakness as it is a symptom. Assign a code for weakness in the case described in the coding clinic example. Assign a code for the hernia in the coding clinic example.
Option that describes the coding clinic reviewed for the Admit Diagnosis - Weakness is: Assign a code for weakness in the case described in the coding clinic example.
The Coding Clinic provides advice on correct coding, and its content is based on a query generated by a hospital's coding staff regarding how to accurately code a specific diagnosis, symptom, or condition.The coding clinic provides information to help coders interpret and apply ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS coding rules and guidelines. They assist coders with complex and challenging issues in coding and encourage consistency and uniformity in the use of the classification system by establishing best practices for coding.Based on the information given in the question, the coding clinic reviewed for the Admit Diagnosis - Weakness advises coders to Assign a code for weakness in the case described in the coding clinic example. Coding Clinic provides guidance on how to assign codes for diseases, conditions, symptoms, etc. and also discusses various issues that arise when coding diseases or conditions. Therefore, coders should use the guidelines given in the coding clinic to assign the correct codes.
Learn more about coding :
https://brainly.com/question/17204194
#SPJ11
Which of the following cloud features is represented by leveraging remote monitoring and system tuning services?
Reliability
Performance
Utilization
Maintenance
Answer:
Reliability
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP IM GIVING BRAINLIEST!!
Create properly formatted works cited page for a research paper about the dangers of cell phone use on the road. Follow the MLA citation format, and make sure to correctly italicize each citation. For the purpose of this activity, it is not necessary to observe the MLA rules for indentation. Use the six sources provided to support the research paper.
Answer:
Cell phone use causes traffic crashes because a driver's cognitive performance significantly decreases when they are using a cell phone. Texting is also dangerous because the driver is taking their eyes away from the road and their hands away from the wheel. Driving demands a high level of concentration and attention.
Explanation:
PLz brainlyest
from (dataset: ) generate the following tree map. the area of each rectangle is proportional to the number of people working in that detailed occupation.
To generate a treemap representation using Python, one can make use of Matplotlib or Seaborn libraries.
How to create the tree mapBegin by importing the data set that includes details on employment and job roles. Arrange the information according to profession and classify it appropriately.
Next, utilize the treemap feature made available by the libraries to graph the information. Every profession will be depicted as a rectangular shape, and its dimensions will correspond to the number of individuals employed in that specific line of work.
The visualization is designed to offer a straightforward and easy-to-grasp illustration of how the workforce is spread out across various occupations.
Read more about visualization here:
https://brainly.com/question/29662582
#SPJ4
The Complete Question
From the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment Statistics dataset, can you describe how to generate a tree map where the area of each rectangle is proportional to the number of people working in each detailed occupation?
given the list (37, 33, 40, 12, 15, 16, 25, 42), what is the new array after the first iteration of shell sort's outer loop with a gap value of 4?
Note that given the list above, the new array after the first iteration of shell sort's outer loop with a gap value of 4 are "15, 16, 25, 12, 37, 33, 40, 42"
What is an array ?An array is a data structure in programming that stores a collection of elements of the same type.It provides a way to organize and access multiple values under a single variable name.
Elements in an array are typically stored in contiguous memory locations and accessed using an index.
Arrays in computer science are important for efficient storage, retrieval, and manipulation of multiple values, enabling the implementation of data structures and algorithms.
In programming, common types of arrays include one-dimensional (1D) arrays, multidimensional arrays (2D, 3D, etc.), and dynamic arrays that can resize during runtime.
Learn more about array at:
https://brainly.com/question/28061186
#SPJ4
When disclosing a security vulnerability in a system or software, the manufacturer should avoid:
including enough detail to allow an attacker to exploit the vulnerability
Consider the following protocol, designed to let A and B decide on a fresh, shared session key K'_AB. We assume that they already share a long-term key K_AB. 1. A rightarrow B: A, N_A. 2. B rightarrow A: E(K_AB, [N_A, K'_AB]) 3. A rightarrow B: E(K'_AB, N_A) a. We first try to understand the protocol designer's reasoning: -Why would A and B believe after the protocol ran that they share K'_AB with the other party? -Why would they believe that this shared key is fresh? In both cases, you should explain both the reasons of both A and B, so your answer should complete the sentences A believes that she shares K'_AB with B since... B believes that he shares K'_AB with A since... A believes that K'_AB is fresh since... B believes that K'_AB is fresh since... b. Assume now that A starts a run of this protocol with B. However, the connection is intercepted by the adversary C. Show how C can start a new run of the protocol using reflection, causing A to believe that she has agreed on a fresh key with B (in spite of the fact that she has only been communicating with C). Thus, in particular, the belief in (a) is false. c. Propose a modification of the protocol that prevents this attack.
Answer:
Consider the following protocol, designed to let A and B decide on a fresh, shared session key K'_AB. We assume that they already share a long-term key K_AB. 1. A rightarrow B: A, N_A. 2. B rightarrow A: E(K_AB, [N_A, K'_AB]) 3. A rightarrow B: E(K'_AB, N_A) a. We first try to understand the protocol designer's reasoning: -Why would A and B believe after the protocol ran that they share K'_AB with the other party? -Why would they believe that this shared key is fresh? In both cases, you should explain both the reasons of both A and B, so your answer should complete the sentences A believes that she shares K'_AB with B since... B believes that he shares K'_AB with A since... A believes that K'_AB is fresh since... B believes that K'_AB is fresh since... b. Assume now that A starts a run of this protocol with B. However, the connection is intercepted by the adversary C. Show how C can start a new run of the protocol using reflection, causing A to believe that she has agreed on a fresh key with B (in spite of the fact that she has only been communicating with C). Thus, in particular, the belief in (a) is false. c. Propose a modification of the protocol that prevents this attack.
Explanation:
zenmap identified three hosts on the subnet. what operating system version did the scan reveal for each host?
Zenmap identified three hosts on the subnet, but without specific information about the hosts and the scan results, it is not possible to determine the operating system versions revealed for each host.
Zenmap is a graphical user interface (GUI) for Nmap, a popular network scanning tool. Nmap is designed to discover and gather information about hosts on a network, including details about their operating systems. However, to determine the operating system version revealed by the scan for each host, specific information about the hosts and the scan results is needed.
Nmap employs various techniques, such as fingerprinting, to infer the operating system of a target host. It analyzes network responses, open ports, and other characteristics to make an educated guess about the operating system in use. However, the accuracy of the operating system detection can vary depending on factors such as firewall configurations, network responses, and the version of Nmap being used.
To determine the operating system version for each host identified by Zenmap on subnet, it would require analyzing the scan results generated by Nmap during the scanning process. These results typically include details about open ports, services, and potentially operating system information. Without access to these specific scan results or information about the hosts, it is not possible to ascertain the operating system versions revealed by the scan.
Learn more about subnet here:
brainly.com/question/32152208
#SPJ11
Which one of the following data protection techniques is reversible when conducted properly?
A. Tokenization
B. Masking
C. Hashing
D. Shredding
The data protection technique that is reversible when conducted properly is Tokenization. Tokenization replaces sensitive data with a random string of characters called a token.
Tokens are generated by the tokenization system and are unique to the data element that they are replacing. The tokens generated by the tokenization system can be reversed back to the original data, given the right key/tokenization database. A tokenization system stores a map between the original sensitive data and the generated token. If the original data is needed, the map can be used to look up the original data element using the token that was created at the time of tokenization and recover the original value. As a result, tokenization is a reversible process when executed correctly. Masking and hashing, on the other hand, are irreversible processes. They permanently alter the original data and, once masked or hashed, the original data cannot be recovered. The following are more than 100 words on how Tokenization can be reversed :Tokenization is a reversible process when executed correctly. Tokens are generated by the tokenization system and are unique to the data element that they are replacing. The tokens generated by the tokenization system can be reversed back to the original data, given the right key/tokenization database. A tokenization system stores a map between the original sensitive data and the generated token. If the original data is needed, the map can be used to look up the original data element using the token that was created at the time of tokenization and recover the original value. However, it's important to make sure that the tokenization database is securely protected since it contains the keys that can reverse the tokenization process.
To know more about Database visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31459706
#SPJ11