hans decides to test an idea that the atom is made of a soft positive substance with hard specks of negative substance (the electrons) embedded in it. he sets up an in which heavy positive particles will be fired into some gold atoms. hans will monitor how much these positive particles are deflected passing through the gold atoms.

A hockey stick graph is a graphical representation of data that has a steep increase or decrease at a certain point, resembling the shape of a hockey stick.

This type of graph is often used to show a sudden change in a metric over time. Three metrics that might fit this description are:

Other metrics that might fit this description include the adoption of a new technology, the spread of a disease, or the growth of a social media platform.

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Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted from all matter that is at a non-zero temperature in the wavelength range from 0.1 μm to 100 μm.

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted from a material this is because of the warmth of the material, the characteristics of which depend upon its temperature. An example of thermal radiation is the infrared radiation emitted with the aid of a commonplace family radiator or electric heater.

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by means of the thermal movement of debris in the matter. Thermal radiation is generated when warmth from the movement of costs in the fabric is transformed into electromagnetic radiation. All count number with a temperature extra than absolute zero emits thermal radiation.

The heating electricity is emitted by using the radiator. Solar radiation. The mild electricity radiated with the aid of incandescent lamps. The emission of gamma rays.

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The work done by an 85.0-kg man who pushes a crate 4.00 m up along a ramp that makes an angle of with the horizontal  3.14 x 103 J.

We know that

F = w x d

given

d =4 m

mass of man = 85 kg

force exerted by man on block = 500 N

resolving mg will give mgsin\large \theta   and mgcos\large \theta

Ftotal = Fm  + 500

Ftotal =  mgsin\large \theta + 500  = 85x 9.8 x sin20  + 500 =  284.902 + 500  =  784.902 N

W = Ftotal x d =  784.902 x 4  =  3139.61 = 3.14 x 103 J

In physics, work is energy transferred to or from an object by applying a force along a displacement. In its simplest form, if the constant force is aligned with the direction of travel, it equals the product of the force and the distance traveled.

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Classical Physics is normally concerned with matter and energy on the normal scale of observation, while modern physics is caring with the behavior of matter and energy under extreme conditions or on a very large or very small scale.

For example, atomic and nuclear physics studies matter on the tiny scale at which chemical elements can be identified. The physics of elementary particles is on an even smaller scale since it is concerned with the most basic units of matter.

Classical Physics is also known as high-energy physics because of the extremely high energies required to produce many types of particles in particle accelerators.

On this scale, regular, commonsense notions of space, time, matter, and energy are no longer valid.

Computational modeling is essential for quantum and relativistic physics.

Classic physics is considered the limit of quantum mechanics for a large number of particles.

On the other side, classic mechanics is derived from relativistic mechanics. Like, in most of the formulations from special relativity, a correction factor (v/c)**2 appears, where v is the velocity of the object and c is the speed of light.

For velocities much minute than that of light, one can neglect the terms with c2 and higher that appear.

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A mirror with a plane reflecting surface is known as a plane mirror. A plane mirror creates a virtual image of the same size as the thing that is behind the mirror.

The distance between the object and the mirror is the same for both the image and the object. Thus, the appropriate choice is (b). A planar mirror always creates a true-to-life image. The image always exceeds the thing in size. An upright picture is always produced by a flat mirror. An inverted picture is always produced by a plane mirror. Every time an object is in front of the mirror, the image appears to be behind it at the same distance.

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Answer: Hot and room temperature surface.

Explanation: from the picture the hot temperature surface has easy and loose intermolecular activity, there are more spaces between the molecules to escape. So, it is for the water molecules to evaporate faster which is directly propositional to the temperature. Simply when a water is boiled at 100 degrees that when the heat helps the molecules to evaporate fast through the steam. But when it is in the room temperature the molecules are slightly tightly packed to each other, that is the reason why molecules can't evaporate as fast as compared to the hot temperature. It mostly depends on the intermolecular bond and kinetic energy that helps the molecules to escape into the atmosphere.

Renewable resources can be replenished by natural process within hours to centuries.

Renewable energy is energy this is constituted of herbal methods and continuously replenished. A few examples of renewable electricity are daylight, water, wind, tides, geothermal warmness, and biomass.

Plastic is made from crude oil, a nonrenewable useful resource. even though the plastic we use may be recycled, the quantity of stable waste generated by plastic is turning into a trouble.

“Sand is not a renewable aid,” Parkinson stated. “while sand is eroded from the seashore during a typhoon, it commonly accumulates in offshore regions as a very thin layer that can not be dredge again to assemble a new seaside or dune.”

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From three significant figures, the intensity at a point on the screen 0.830mm from the center of the central maximum is I =  8.64 × 10⁻⁶ W/m².

And the appropriate units are [tex]Watts/meter^{2}[/tex].

Monochromatic Light:

Single-wavelength light sources are known as monochromatic lights, where mono stands for only one and chroma for color. Monochromatic lights are defined as visible light that falls within a specific range of wavelengths. It has a wavelength that falls within a constrained wavelength range.

Given,

         The wavelength of light; λ = 573 nm = 573 × 10⁻⁹ m

         Distance of interference from slits; R = 75 cm = .75 m

         Distance between the centers of slit; d = 0.640 mm = 0.00064 m

         Width of each slit; a = 0.434 mm = 0.000434 m

         Intensity at the central maxima; [tex]I_{o}[/tex] = 4.9 × 10⁻⁴ W/m²

         Distance of intensity from the center of the central maximum; y =                        0.710 mm = 0.00071 m

Let us first find the angle θ from the formula;

         tanθ = y/R

      tan θ = 0.00083/0.75

      tan θ = 0.001107

            θ = tan⁻¹0.001107

            θ = 0.06343        

θ is very small so

             ∅ = 2πdsinθ/λ

             ∅ = 7.7964 rad

Similarly, for the distance between the centers of the slit;

             β = 2πasinθ/λ

             β = 5.761 rad

For a position on the screen that is 0.830 millimeters from the center of the central maximum, the intensity is calculated as follows:

            [tex]I =I_{0}(cos^{2} \frac{\phi}{2} ) [\frac{sin\frac{\beta }{2} }{\frac{\beta }2}} ]^{2}[/tex]

            [tex]I=5*10^{-4}(cos^{2}(\frac{7.7964}{2} ) )[\frac{sin\frac{5.287}{2} }{\frac{5.287}{2}} ] ^{2}[/tex]

             I = 8.6 × 10⁻⁶ W/m²

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The correct statements are:

Therefore, option D is correct.

Light has always been known to travel in a straight line. Light does not bend while travelling but instead follows the shortest path between the starting point and the endpoint, which is a straight line.

The speed of light in air is the fastest known speed, hence, light travels faster than sound in air.

For a rough surface, reflected light rays scatter in all directions in a phenomena called diffuse reflection.

Diffuse reflection is when light hits an object and reflects in lots of different directions.

Hoever, for opaque materials, light absorbed and not reflected.

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The magnitude of B in the interior of the solenoid is 5 * 10⁻⁷ A/m.

Given that,

Rate of change of current = 3000 A/s

EMF induced ε = 0.6 V

Number of turns N = 1200 turns

Cross-sectional area A = 35 mm² = 35 * 10⁻⁶ m²

Current i = 3 A

We know the relation, ε = L* dI/dt

Making L as subject, L = ε / ( dI/dt )

Substituting the values, we have

L = 0.6 / 3000 = 0.0002 H

We know the relation between N, i, B and L as

N* B = L *i

Making B as subject, we have

B = L *i/N = (0.0002 * 3)/1200 = 0.0000005 A/m = 5 * 10⁻⁷ A/m

Thus, magnetic field in the interior of the solenoid is 5 * 10⁻⁷ A/m.

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The magnitude of the vertical velocity under gravity changes by approximately 9.81 m/s each second, The option that correctly relates the magnitude, , of the vertical velocity is the option: (vy1=vy1)≥vy3.

The speed of  rocks = u

The height  the rocks are thrown = h₀

Rock 1; Direction  = horizontal above the 45°

Rock 2; Direction =horizontal below45°

Rock 3; Direction = 0° or in the horizontal direction

The vertical component of  Rock 1= -u·sin(45°)

Vertical component of  Rock 2 = u·sin(45°)

Vertical component of  Rock 3 = u·sin(0°) = 0

The velocity of the rock

v² = u² - 2·g·h₀

v= ±√u2-2.g.h0

v= ±√u2-2.g.h0

Therefore, the vertical velocity the rocks, Rock 1 and Rock 2, thrown with magnitude of velocity,|vy|=|u.sin45°|  is the same during the vertical motion of the ball at the same height, but change only in sign

at given height h°, vy1=vy2

therefore , before the rocks hit the ground , vy1=vy2

the initial vertical velocity of rocks3, vy3=0,therefore:

∴ vy3=±√v+2.g.h°≤√u²+2.g.h°= (vy1= vy1

there fore , the correct option , we have:

vy1=vy1≥vy3

three identical rocks are launched with identical speeds from the top of a platform of height 0 h . the rocks are launched in the directions indicated above. question which of the following correctly relates the magnitude vy of the vertical component of the velocity of each rock immediately before it hits the ground?

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The horizontal force the student exerts on the boat is equal to 120 N toward in front of the boat. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Force acting on a body can be defined as the influence that changes the state of the object of motion or rest. The force's S.I. unit is Newton (N) and is a vector quantity.

Force acting on an object can change the direction as well as the speed of the moving object. The force can be determined from the mass (m) times acceleration (a) of an object.

F = ma

Given, the  mass of the student, m = 60 Kg

The acceleration of the student, a = 2.0 m/s²

The force acting on the boat can be calculated as follows:

F = ma

F = 60 ×2.0

F = 120 N

Therefore, the horizontal force is 120 N toward the front of the boat.

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(a) The mass of the puck is 0.16 kg

(b)  The amplitude of the oscillation is 4.3 cm.

The mass of the puck is calculated by applying the formula for the period of the oscillation.

T = 2π √ ( m /k )

T / 2π = √ ( m /k )

T² / 4π² = m/k

m = k ( T² / 4π² )

where;

The mass of the puck is calculated as;

m = 4.5 ( 1.2² / 4π²)

m = 0.16 kg

The amplitude of the oscillation is calculated as follows;

a = ω²A

where;

ω = √ ( k /m )

ω² = k / m

from this equation "a = ω²A" make amplitude "A" the subject of the formula.

A = a / ω²

A = (a) / (k / m)

A = ( 1.2 ) / ( 4.5 / 0.16)

A = (1.2) / ( 0.03556)

A = 0.043 m = 4.3 cm

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Define the high quality route because the route pointing upward. Denote the rocket's acceleration throughout the primary 16s as a. In the primary 16s, we have the rocket's acceleration during the first 16 s is 1254.4 a.

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The minimum length required is 17.91 m when a laser beam starts 10 cm from side a of the container and enters the water at position x.

The output laser consists of a number of very closely spaced, discrete frequency components (very narrow spectral lines) covering a moderately broad spectral range. The discrete components are called laser modes and the spectral range they occupy is approximately the fluorescent line width of atomic transition giving rise to the laser output.

Laser oscillations occur, when the wave within the cavity replicate itself after two reflections so that the electric fields add in phase. In other words, the mirrors form a resonant cavity and standing wave patterns are setup.

In most high power applications for material processing or medical surgery, the laser is used as a mean for transferring the energy to the target. Thus there is no importance for the longitudinal laser modes.

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The option (B and  C) are true others are false.

What is acceleration ?

Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes, as well as how quickly velocity changes over time. instantaneous acceleration is an acceleration at a single moment instantaneous acceleration divided by time deceleration

What is motion ?

The movement of atomic or molecular building blocks in a certain direction is referred to as molecular motion. Temperature and heat both have an impact on molecular mobility. This is so because the measurement of temperature, which reflects molecular motion and average kinetic energy, is used to determine molecular motion.

A is false; a positive charge at point d will be attracted to the nearby negative more than it is repelled by the more distance positive.

B is true

C is true

D is false; the dipole field at point a is directed up (it curves from the lower positive charge to the upper negative one, but is directly upward here) so the charge will initially accelerate up

E is false; similar to question D, the field is up at point c so the negative charge will accelerate initially straight down.

Therefore, the option (B and  C) are true others are false.

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There are several methods for producing solar cells, depending on the type of cell and the materials used. Some of the most common methods include:

Overall, the production methods for solar cells vary depending on the type of cell and the materials used. Some methods are more efficient

The maximum kinetic energy, in electron volts of the photoelectrons, is K.Emax = 1.8ev.

Solution:

E = Wo + K.Emax

= 3.10ev = 1.3ev + K.Emax

= K.Emax = 1.8ev

Kinetic energy is the energy that an object has when it moves. If you want to accelerate an object you have to apply a force. To add strength, we need our work. When the work is done, the energy is transferred to the object and it moves at a new constant speed.

Kinetic energy is the kinetic energy observable as the motion of a body particle or group of particles. All moving objects use kinetic energy. A person walking throwing a baseball crumbs falling from a table and charged particles in an electric field are examples of kinetic energy.

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Simple harmonic motion with a period of 0.100 s is carried out by a 240 g block that is fastened to a horizontal spring.the spring's force constant is 947.4 N/m, and the motion's amplitude is 0.00211 m.

Let:

m=240g,T=0.100s,E=1.00J

ω=2π/T

 =2π/0.1=62.83 rad/s

(a) k=mω²=(0.240kg)(62.83 rad/s)²=947.4 N/m

(b) E=kA²/2

A=√(2E/k)=√(2*1.0 J/947.4 N/m)

A=0.00211m

Simple harmonic motion is the repetitive movement back and forth through an equilibrium, or central, position in physics where the maximum displacement on one side of the position is equal to the maximum displacement on the other. Each entire vibration has a constant duration between them. The motion is always caused by a force that is directly proportionate to the distance from the equilibrium position and is always directed toward it. In other words, the equation F = kx, where F is the force, x is the displacement, and k is a constant The relationship is known as Hooke's law.

The oscillation of a mass attached to a vertical spring with the other end fixed in a ceiling is one particular instance of a simple harmonic oscillator.

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Answer: Some of the students who originally heard a loud tone again hear a loud tone, but others in that group now hear nothing.

Explanation: When two sources emits identical soundwaves then there is interference of waves.

In region of constructive interference (When the peaks line up with peaks and troughs line up with troughs then resultant wave has twice the amplitude of the original waves) the sound wave will be twice as loud.

In destructive interference (When peaks line up to troughs then results in cancellation of waves, hence resultant have zero amplitude) there is no sound.

Please refer to the image:

Hence, the students who were sitting in the region of constructive interference heard loud tone while the students who were sitting in the region of destructive interference heard nothing.

The "generalised" points on the Cartesian Plane are used in the coordinate proof to support a geometric theorem. In order to use the midpoint or distance formulas, the procedure typically entails assigning variables to the coordinates of one or more points.

Example of coordinate proof

Show or deny the existence of a parallelogram in the quadrilateral formed by the points (2, 4, 1, 2, 5, 1, and 4). It's not required to plot the points, although it does assist to visualize. You can use it to determine whether or not it resembles a parallelogram.

There is no doubt that this is a parallelogram. Remember that a parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two sets of parallel sides to demonstrate that the shape is one. Therefore, confirming that the opposing sides are parallel is one technique to demonstrate that it is a parallelogram. Remember from algebra that if two lines have the same slope, they are parallel. On the image, identify the slope of each side.

Equal slopes can be found on the opposing sides. The opposing sides are thus parallel. The quadrilateral is a parallelogram as a result.

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The statements that apply are;

We know that the pressure can be taken as the force with which the molecules of the substance are able to hit the walls of the container in this case, we need to obtain the  pressure of the ethanol vapor when the volume has been reduced.

Using

P1 = initial pressure

P2 = final pressure

V 1 = initial volume

V2 = final volume

By the use of the Boyle's law we have;

P1V1 = P2V2

P2 = P1V1 /V2

P2 = 67.0 * 529/344

P2 = 103 mmHg

Thus, as the volume is reduced there would be an increase in the pressure and some of the ethanol would condense and we would have liquid ethanol in the system.

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The net acceleration of the car at the top of the hill is most nearly is option A. . 5.3 m/s²

Acceleration is the rate of trade of the velocity of an object with appreciation to time. Accelerations are vector portions. The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by using the orientation of the internet pressure performing on that item.

Calculation:-

V² = U² - 2aS

a = U²- V² / 2S

  = 25² - 10² / 2 × 50

 = 625 -100/100

 = 525/100

 = 5.25 m/s² ≈  5.3 m/s²

Acceleration is the price at which speed modifications with time, in terms of every velocity and course. A thing or an item shifting in a instantly line is increased if it quickens or slows down. motion on a circle is extended despite the truth that the price is constant due to the fact the direction is usually changing.

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The amplitude and period of the subsequent oscillations 112.5 m/s

First the law of conservation of momentum,

(m1 + m2)*vf  =  m1*(vi)1 + m2*(vi)2

m1 = 450g

vi1 = 0

m2 = 450g

vi2 = 150 cm/s

(450 + 150)*vf = 0 + 450* 150

600*vf  = 67500

vf  = 112.5 cm/s = 112.5 m/s

An indicator of a periodic variable's change over a single period is its amplitude. When measured against a standard value, a non-periodic signal's amplitude is its magnitude. Amplitude has several definitions, all of which (listed below) depend on how much the extreme values of the variable deviate from one another. The amplitude of a periodic function is occasionally referred to as the phase in older writings. Peak amplitude is frequently employed in audio system measurements, telecommunications tests, and other applications where the measurand is a signal that oscillates above and below a reference value but is not sinusoidal. The greatest absolute value of the signal is this if the reference is zero; the mean value of the reference.

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To determine theangle to which the balls wing to the opposite side, C. Both conservation of momentum and conservation of mechanical energy (option c).

Conservation of energy and momentum is one of the most important and useful principles in physics. Conservation of momentum states that if no external forces are acting on a system of bodies, the total momentum is always the same (conserved). Furthermore, if we can give a potential to all forces, whether external or internal, the total energy is also constant. This is the law of conservation of energy.

1.Conservation of energy to calculate the velocity of the first ball of clay by the time it descends:

mgh=1/2mu2

[calculate h by using h=L(1-cos45)]

2.Conservation of momentum to find out the final velocity of the balls of clay using:

m1u1+m2u2=(m1+m2)v

3.Conservation of energy to calculate the max height the balls of clay will go by using:

1/2(m1+m2)v2=mgh

Once you have h,

h=L(1-cosθ), solve for θ

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Colligative properties are those of solutions that are influenced by the volume of a nonvolatile solute dissolved in a solution but not by the nature of the solute. The correct option to this question is both b and c

When solute molecules are dissolved in a certain solvent, solutions are created as homogenous mixtures. These solutions have special characteristics that could be referred to as collaborative qualities. These include melting point depression, osmotic pressure, rising boiling point, and reducing vapor pressure.

These solute molecules have an impact on vapor pressure, freezing point, and boiling points.

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Complete question :colligative

property depends on _____.

a. the identity of the solute

b. the concentration of the solution

c. the number of solute particles dissolved in the solution

d. both a and b

e. both b and c

The electric field is -641.25 volt, potential energy is -1.76x 10⁻³ J.

What is electric field ?

The term "electric field" or "electrostatic field" refers to the area surrounding an electric charge where stress or an electric force occur. A significant amount of tension might be produced in the area if the charge is of a big magnitude. The letter E is used to denote the electric field. Newtons per coulomb, or volts per metre, is the SI unit for the electric field.

What is potential energy ?

Potential energy is energy that is preserved or stored in a material or an item. The item or substance's position, organization, or condition determines the amount of stored energy. Consider it as energy with the "potential" to accomplish work.

Va = kq1/r1 + Kq2/r2

Va = 9 x 10/0.05 (2.3 x 10⁻⁹ – 6x 10⁹)

Va = -666 volt

Vb = 9x10⁹ (2.3x10⁻⁹/.08 – 6x10⁻⁹/.06)

Vb = -641.25 volt

Work done by electric field from b to a

W e = q(Vb-Va)  

W e = 3x10⁻⁹ (-641.25+666)

W e = 74.25x10⁻⁹ J

W e = qEd = 30x 10⁻⁹x 3.2x10⁴x.63

W e = 6.05x10⁻⁴ J

W e = -qEd cos 45

W e = -30x10⁻⁹x3.2x10⁴x2.6 cos 45

W e = -1.76x 10⁻³ J

Therefore, electric field is -641.25 volt, potential energy is -1.76x 10⁻³ J.

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The specific heat capacity of water, Cw is 4.6 J/g/K

The specific latent heat of vaporization of water, Cv is 2576 J/K

Electrical energy is defined as the product of electrical power in watts and time in seconds.

Mathematically;

Electrical energy = power * time

The amount of energy used by the kettle to boil the water is calculated below:

Energy used = 2.3 kW * 1000 W/kW * 2 * 60 s/min

Energy used = 276000 J

The specific heat capacity of water, Cw is determined as follows:

Energy = mass * Cw * temperature change

Cw = Energy / mass * temperature change

Cw = 276000 / 750 * (100°C - 20°C)

Cw = 4.6 J/g/K

The amount of energy used by the kettle to evaporate half the mass of the water is calculated below:

Energy =  2.3 kW * 1000 W/kW * 7 * 60 s/min

Energy used = 966000 J

The specific latent heat of vaporization of water, Cv is determined as follows:

Energy = mass * Cv

Cv = Energy / mass

Cv = 966000 / (750 * 0.5)

Cv = 2576 J/K

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An exothermic reaction that is spontaneous at any temperature meets the following criteria. ∆H < 0 , ∆S > 0 , ∆G < 0

This is because G = H - T S, and since -T S is always negative, if H is negative and S is positive, then G will always be negative.

Exothermic reactions (H0) characterize combustion. Due to the additional rise in the amount of gaseous species (net gain of one mole of gas, S > 0), this specific reaction entails an increase in entropy. As a result, the reaction is spontaneous (G0) at all temperatures. The sign of G will always be negative when H is negative and S is positive, and the reaction will always be spontaneous at all temperatures.

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complete question: Which of the following sets of conditions is true for an exothermic reaction that is spontaneous at all temperatures?

(a)∆H < 0 , ∆S < 0 , ∆G < 0

(b)∆H > 0 , ∆S < 0 , ∆G < 0

(c)∆H < 0 , ∆S < 0 , ∆G > 0

(d)∆H > 0 , ∆S < 0 , ∆G < 0

(e)∆H < 0 , ∆S > 0 , ∆G < 0