Glial cells in the nervous system provide support and nutritional benefits to neurons.
The myelin sheath is formed by oligodendrocytes around axons. Astrocytes nourish neurons while also maintaining their extracellular environment and providing structural support. Pathogens and dead cells are scavenged by microglia. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ependymal cells, which cushions the neurons. In the mature central nervous system, there are three types of glial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells. Astrocytes, which are found only in the brain and spinal cord, have complex local processes that give them a star-like appearance.
Glial cells (also known as neuroglial cells) play a structural role in the central nervous system as well as regulating nerve firing rates, brain plasticity (which guides early brain development), and immune responses. Glial cells help to maintain homeostasis and form myelin.
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The calvin cycle and the krebs cycle are similar in that both ________________________________.
The Krebs cycle and the Calvin cycle are similar in that they both create energy and sugar.
They differ from one another because the Krebs cycle uses 3-carbon molecules while the Calvin cycle requires carbon dioxide.
The Krebs Cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, and the Calvin Cycle are both biological processes that take place in nature. Both cellular processes occur in cycles. Different molecules enter the process, and various molecules also leave it. The Krebs Cycle generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which the Calvin Cycle then uses as fuel. Additionally, only photosynthetic plants experience the oxygen-free Calvin Cycle. On the other hand, the Krebs Cycle necessitates oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria of all types of cells.
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A student analyzes a cross section of earth's layers. which letter corresponds to a trench in the cross section? question 11 options: l m n o
Answer: its M
Explanation:
i did the k-12 test :)
cellular respiration can occur at the same time as photosynthesis, and photosynthesizing plants will either undergo both when exposed to light or just cellular respiration in dark conditions.
The equation for cellular respiration is the exact reverse of photosynthesis in that the products of one process are the reactants of the other.
Why is it known as cellular respiration?As we all know, every cell needs energy to carry out its activities because it is the structure and function of life. As a result, cellular respiration relates to breathing which happens at the smallest scale of our bodies, the cellular level.
What happens during cellular respiration?A glucose molecule gradually decomposes into both water and carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. In the process of transforming glucose, some ATP is directly produced. But far more ATP is eventually created through a procedure known as oxidative phosphorylation.
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the sexual strategies theory holds that women should be choosier than men in selecting mates because women group of answer choices have greater difficulty achieving orgasm. can produce a limited number of offspring. are less likely to end a bad relationship. are physically smaller and weaker than men.
The sexual strategies theory holds that women should be choosier than men in selecting mates because women "can produce a limited number of offspring."
What is sexual strategy?Sexual strategies are the methods that people utilize to attain sexual or mating objectives. Humans have developed a variety of sexual tactics, including short-term and long-term mating. According to sexual strategies theory (SST), humans have evolved a complex menu of mating strategies, that some of these mating adaptations are tethered to the temporal dimension of mating, and that, while some mating adaptations are similar in women and men, others differ significantly between the sexes. Intrasexual selection in females, like in men, entails competition for key resources necessary for access to mates.
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which of the following is not true of the hamstring group of muscles?
a. All of the hamstrings have origins on the ischial tuberosity, although the biceps femoris has an additional origin.
b. All of the hamstrings insert on both the tibia and the fibula.
c. All of these are true of the hamstrings.
The statement all of the hamstrings insert on both the tibia and the fibula is not true of the hamstring group of muscles (Option B).
What are the hamstring muscles?The hamstring group of muscles can be defined as voluntary skeletal muscles that can be found in the back thigh of the human body.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the hamstring group of muscles can be found in the back thigh of the human body but not all of them are inserted on both the tibia and the fibula.
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tall (t) is dominant to short (t), yellow seeds (y) are dominant to green (y), and purple flowers (p) are dominant to white (p) in pea plants. if the genes are not linked, what fraction of the offspring from a self-fertilizing plant with genotype ttyypp will be tall with green seeds and purple flowers?
A self-fertilizing plant with genotype ttyypp will not produce any offspring that is tall, with green seeds, and with purple flowers.
Is Mendel's peas' predominant seed color green or yellow?Since they were all yellow, yellow has the upper hand over green in this situation. One Y is enough to obscure the y and turn the peas yellow. The recessive green is subordinated to the one yellow.
If a homozygous green seed YY and a heterozygous yellow seed YY are crossed, what is the genotypic ratio?In a hybrid between heterozygous yellow-seeded and green-seeded plants, 50% of the offspring will have yellow seeds and 50% will have green seeds.
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What are areas especially rich in plant species that are found nowhere else, and in great danger of extinction called?.
The "ecological arks" are regions that are particularly abundant in tree species that are unique to those locations and in grave danger of going extinct.
What happens in extinction?Extinction is the loss of a species as a result of environmental factors or problems with evolution. The rate of species extinction on Earth is ongoing, and it has fluctuated over time. According to the IUCN Red List, 25% of mammals face extinction. In a way, extinction is inevitable.
How can we prevent extinction?Scientists believe that endangered species' specific habitats should be preserved. There must be places where animals may live, eat, and raise their young. Deforestation, oil and gas extraction, overgrazing, and development all lead to the degradation of habitat.
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Under conditions of excess oxygen, rubisco will use o2 instead of co2 and less carbon is fixed. This process is called.
Under conditions of excess oxygen, rubisco will use o2 instead of co2 and less carbon is fixed. This process is called photorespiration.
In the Calvin Cycle, a process known as photorespiration takes place during plant metabolism. The crucial enzyme RuBisCO, which fixes carbon dioxide, reacts with oxygen in this mechanism as opposed to carbon dioxide. It happens when the amount of carbon dioxide in the air decreases and rubisco runs out of carbon dioxide to repair, so it starts fixing oxygen. When conditions are right, C3 plants receive enough water, there is a plentiful supply of carbon dioxide, and photorespiration is not an issue.
High temperatures and light intensity both have an impact on photorespiration, boosting the production of glycolate and the flow via the photorespiratory pathway.
The synthesis and metabolism of a tiny particle called glycolate are linked to photorespiration, which results in the light-dependent uptake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide.
Given that photosynthesis produces oxygen as a byproduct and photorespiration produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct, and that the aforementioned gases serve as the raw materials for both processes, photosynthesis, and photorespiration are two biological processes (in flourishing plants) that can operate concurrently side by side.
Around 50 ppm of carbon dioxide is the point at which RuBisCO starts combining oxygen with RuBP in place of carbon dioxide.
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When ________ is released from a _______ neuron and binds with receptors on the motor endplate, the muscle begins to __________.
Acelticholine is released from somatic neurons, that is, the fibers in charge of carrying sensory and motor information to the muscles, this is how a series of reactions is generated that will manage to give a response through the muscular system.
The Peripheral System and Somatic CellsMuscles are the preferred organ to respond through movements that are caused by muscle fibers, thanks to the correct secretion of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine from somatic neurons.
Once the process ends, the muscle manages to contract as a signal sent by our peripheral system. In this and other ways, our central nervous system allows all our organic systems to relate and fulfill their respective functions. Therefore, the statement would be as follows:
When acelticholine is released from a presynaptic neuron and binds to receptors on the motor end plate, the muscle begins to contract.
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The intramolecular cyclization reaction of glucose in solution ______. A) generates a chiral center. B) yields a hemiacetal. C) usually forms a pyranose
The intramolecular cyclization reaction of glucose in Generates a chiral center.
In order to create the matching saturated nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles, -haloalkyl amines and alcohols undergo intramolecular hydrogen bonding (a hydrogen bond created between two functional groups of the same molecule) (an SN2 reaction within the same molecule)
What is the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular?
The atom-atom bonds that hold molecules together are known as intramolecular forces. Molecules in a solid or liquid are held together by intermolecular forces.
What are the 3 types of intramolecular forces?
Covalent, ionic, and metallic bonding are the three types of intramolecular forces. Between two nonmetals, covalent bonds are formed. Atoms share electrons in this kind of relationship. Covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar.
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HELP ASPPPP PLEASE THANK YOU
Answer:
Explanation:
not sure what the question is one is amswered one is not very readable
which of the following is not a function of the nervous system? group of answer choices sense the internal and external environments integrate sensory information direct long-term functions, such as growth control peripheral effectors coordinate voluntary and involuntary activities
Direct long-term functions, such as growth control is not a function of the nervous system.
What are the functions of nervous system?Nervous system includes brain, spinal cord and also a complex network of nerves.
The nervous system, together with the endocrine system, is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis. Through its receptors, nervous system keeps in touch with both external and internal environment.
The thalamus acts as integrating center for sensory information going to the cerebrum and also the output center for motor information leaving the cerebrum.
The nervous system is that part of the body that coordinates its voluntary and involuntary action and transmits signals in different parts of the body.
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in the kidney, there is an anatomical structure that is also observable in at least two other organs. what is it?
The portal system is an anatomical structure that is also observable in at least two other organs.
A portal system is one in which veins begin and end in capillaries. It transports nutrient-rich blood to the liver for purification before transporting it to the heart. The portal venous system transports capillary blood to the liver from the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen. The portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins behind the pancreas's neck.
The hepatic portal system, the hypophyseal portal system, and (in non-mammals) the renal portal system are examples of such systems. The hepatic portal system gets its name from the fact that it connects capillaries in the intestines and other digestive organs to modified capillaries in the liver (hepatic sinusoids).
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The codon for phenylalanine is UUU. Which of the following codons also most likely encodes for phenylalanine?
Question options:
CUU
UUC
AAA
AUU
The correct answer is option (B) the codons which encode phenylalanine are UUC and UUU both thus the correct answer is UUC.
The codons UUU and UUC specify the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe), and the codons CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG specify the amino acid leucine (Leu). The codon AUG, often known as the start codon, designates methionine. As a result, when building proteins, methionine is the first amino acid to dock in the ribosome. Due to the fact that just one codon specifies the amino acid tryptophan, it is special. Each of the remaining 19 amino acids is designated by two to six codons. The stop codons, UAA, UAG, and UGA, are used to indicate when the translation has finished.
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what is the apparent biological advantage of the pupillary light reflex? how do reactions differ from a simple reflex?
The biological advantage of the pupillary light reflex is that it allows the eye to adjust the amount of light reaching the retina.
The pupillary light reflex constricts the pupil in response to the intensity of light that falls on the retina at the back of eye. It helps in the adaptation of vision to various levels of lightness/darkness.
When the intensity of light is high, the pupils constrict to allow low light of light reaching the retina and when the intensity is low, the pupils dilate to allow more light.
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for which codon(s) could a single base change account for this amino acid change? lysine to asparagine
There are two lysine codons (AAA, AAG) and two asparagine codons (AAC, AAU).
A codon is a three-nucleotide (DNA or RNA) sequence that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a specific amino acid or signaling the end of protein synthesis (stop signals). There are 64 different codons, 61 of which specify amino acids and three of which serve as stop signals.
Lysine, or L-lysine, is an essential amino acid, which means it is required for human health but cannot be produced by the body. Lysine must be obtained through diet or supplementation. Protein is made up of amino acids such as lysine.
In humans, asparagine is a non-essential amino acid. It is a beta-amido derivative of aspartic acid and is important in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other proteins.
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Which student do you agree with most?
Zacharia said, “I think the hawk is the most important organism in the ecosystem because it can eat the most organisms.”
Mira said, “I think the kangaroo rat is the most important organism in the ecosystem because many organisms eat it.”
Carlos said, “I think the desert plants are the most important organism because they start each food chain.”
Yasmin said, “I think the desert fox is the most important organisms in the ecosystem because nothing eats the adults.”
The student I agree with most is Carlos who said, “I think the desert plants are the most important organism because they start each food chain.” That is option C.
What is food chain?Food chain is defined as the pathway that shows the flow of nutrients and energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem.
The food chain is made up of various parts that includes the following:
The sun,producers,consumers, and decomposers.From the given options, the student that is correct is Carlos. This is because the producers which is the desert plants are the most important part of the food chain.
This is because they use the energy from the sun to manufacture their own food while other parts of the food chain depends on the manufactured food.
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Select one or more correct answers.
Hakeem is testing the effects of sunlight on samples of soil. Which of these actions would introduce confounding variables into Hakeem’s experiment?
A. He tests a theory that’s already been established.
B. He tests multiple hypotheses at a time.
C. He uses identical specimens when completing multiple trials.
D. He adjusts the independent variable and records the effects.
E. He uses different types of soil in each of his samples.
The actions that will introduce confounding variables into Hakeem's experiment of testing the effects of sunlight on samples of soil will be:
(B) He tests for multiple hypotheses at a time.
(E) He uses different varieties of soil in each of his samples.
Variables are the factors of an experiment that can themselves change or exhibit the potential to change the results of the experiment. There are three types of variables: the dependent variable, the independent variable and the controlled variable.
Hypothesis can be defined as any statement or theory that has no significant proof. That theory may be or may not be true and applicable.
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The light micrograph shows dividing cells near the tip of an onion root. Identify a cell in each of the following stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Describe and list the major events occurring at each stage.
Mitotic division in onion root cells:
Prophase: the emergence of chromatin threads that form chromosomes, the chromosomes are visible and overlap.Metaphase: chromosomes line up and line up in the middle of the equatorial plane. The centromere of the chromosome appears to have bonds with the kinetochores connected to the spindle threads.Anaphase: the centromere of the chromosome undergoes division then the chromosomes are pulled by the spindle threads towards the two opposite poles and leave the center of the equator that looks empty.Telophase: The cytoplasm divides into two identical-looking daughter cells. At the telophase stage, the process of cell division occurs in two parts and has identical properties.Mitosis is a cell division through the stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The purpose of mitosis is for growth and regeneration which results in two daughter cells that are identical to the original parent cell. Mitosis occurs only once and lasts only during somatization.
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place the appropriate characteristic with the corresponding type of cytokinesis.
a. Cell plate
b. Lacks asters
c. Constricting belt of actin
d. Fusion of vesicles
e. Centrioles separate
f. Cleavage furrow
1. Animal cell cytokinesis
2. Plant cell cytokinesis
Place the appropriate characteristic with the corresponding type of cytokinesis . Plant cell cytokinesis.
Cytokinesis is the physical procedure that eventually splits the discern cell into two identical daughter cells. for the duration of cytokinesis, the mobile membrane pinches in at the cell equator, forming a cleft referred to as the cleavage furrow.
Cytokinesis, in biology, the process by way of which one cellular bodily divides into two cells. Cytokinesis represents the most important reproductive system of unicellular organisms, and it takes place within the manner of embryonic improvement and tissue increase and restore of higher vegetation and animals.
That is additionally often known as cytoplasmic department or mobile cleavage. Cytokinesis starts offevolved in anaphase in animal cells and prophase in plant cells, and terminates in telophase in both, to shape the two daughter cells produced via mitosis.
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Explain the relationship between the structure and function of the cell membrane and cell wall.
Answer: The cell wall is fully permeable to smaller molecules with the size of 30-60 kDa. The membrane is selectively permeable and controls the movement of the substance into and outside the cell. Functions include protection from the external environment.
Explanation:
in a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), fluid is extracted from the group of answer choices subarachnoid space epipial space subdural space epidural space central canal of the spinal cord
An invasive outpatient operation known as a lumbar puncture (LP), sometimes known as a spinal tap, is used to take a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid.
Where does a lumbar puncture get its fluid from?In order to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid, a needle is inserted between two lumbar vertebrae during a lumbar puncture. In order to protect your brain and spinal cord from injury, this fluid surrounds them.
spine tapped in the subarachnoid region?To diagnose or treat a condition, a lumbar puncture (LP) or spinal tap may be carried out. In order to perform this procedure, your healthcare provider places a hollow needle in the subarachnoid space, which surrounds the spinal column in the lower back.
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a patient in a physician's office has a deep cut, and as it is being stitched up, a sample of tissue is taken for testing. analysis of the tissue reveals it has few cells, surrounded by a large amount of extracellular matrix proteins with some blood vessels, sweat glands, and nerve cells. what kind of tissue is this? the tissue is most likely epidermis and should also have many keratinocytes and melanocytes. the tissue is most likely dermis, and should also have some fibroblasts, but few keratinocytes and melanocytes. the tissue is most likely dermis and should also have many keratinocytes and melanocytes. the tissue is most likely epidermis and should also have some fibroblasts but few keratinocytes and melanocytes.
The tissue with cells surrounded by extracellular matrix proteins with some blood vessels, sweat glands, and nerve cells is most likely to be dermis, and it should also have some fibroblasts, but few keratinocytes and melanocytes, which means that option B is the correct answer.
The inner layers of the two main layers of the skin are known as dermal layers or dermis, which are supposed to be composed of less number of pigments. Dermis is made up of several other types of tissues such as connective tissues, sweat glands or hair follicles. The most important function of dermis is to support and protect the upper vulnerable layer that is the skin and the deeper layers, assist in thermoregulation which means cooling of body by sweating, and also provide suitable sensations. Fibroblast is basically bulk of connective tissues. Keratinocyte is the major portion of outermost layer of epidermis. Since the test analysis reveals that sweat glands and connective tissues are present, a professional clinician can easily determine from which part of body the sample must have been collected.
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16. By approximately what percentage has the concentration of carbon dioxide increased in the atmosphere since 1950?
20%
37%
17%
40%
By approximately 40% has the concentration of carbon dioxide increased in the atmosphere since 1950.
Carbon dioxide concentrations are rising primarily as a result of the fossil fuels that people use for energy. Coal and oil are fossil fuels that contain carbon that plants extracted from the atmosphere over millions of years through photosynthesis.
The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere increased by 2.5 parts per million (ppm) in 2021 and is expected to rise by another 2.5ppm in 2022, resulting in global atmospheric concentrations of 417.2ppm on average for the year. This represents a 51% increase in atmospheric CO2 compared to pre-industrial levels. The presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere warms the planet, resulting in climate change. In less than 200 years, human activities have increased the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere by 50%.
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epinephrine acts as a signal molecule that attaches to proteins. epinephrine acts as a signal molecule that attaches to proteins. nuclear receptor intracellular receptor g-protein-linked receptor ion-channel receptor receptor tyrosine kinase
Epinephrine acts as a signal molecules that attaches to G-protein-linked receptor proteins.
What is a epinephrine used for?An injection of epinephrine is administered to cure severe allergic responses (including anaphylaxis) to meals, medications, insect stings, foods, or other substances in an emergency. It also is used to treat hypersensitivity brought on by unidentified chemicals or brought on by physical activity.
What does epinephrine do to the blood pressure?Epinephrine, often known as "adrenaline," is a peptide that the body naturally produces and has a variety of uses. Increasing blood pressure and heart rate are two effects. In cases where a patient's blood pressure is extremely low, doctors can elevate blood pressure by administering epinephrine as a medicine.
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The complete question is -
Epinephrine acts as a signal molecules that attaches to ____ proteins.
1. ion-channel receptor
2. nuclear receptor
3. G-protein-linked receptor
4. receptor tyrosine kinase
5. intracellular receptor
How does the slope of the band of stability change as the number of protons increases?.
The ratio of neutron to protons rises as the number of protons rises, which is another observation about the band of stability.
Which three facts regarding protons are true?Within an atom's nucleus are protons, which have a positive charge. Every element, whether created in a lab or in the natural world, has at least one proton. Although a proton's mass is 1840 times more than that of an electron, it is equal to that of a neutron. The outside of the nucleus is surrounded by electrons, which are negatively charged particles.
How do protons function in an atom?While the electron circles the proton, which makes up the nucleus, Similar to helium, which is seen in Figure 2.2, all other atoms have neutrons in addition to protons in their nuclei. The neutrons aid in keeping the nucleus together by helping the positive charge protons repel one another.
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What are some examples of characteristics of life?
Answer:
responsiveness to the environment;
growth and change;
ability to reproduce;
have a metabolism and breathe;
maintain homeostasis;
being made of cells; and.
passing traits onto offspring.
All living things have a number of traits; reproduction, growth, development, heredity. Metabolism, etc.
What are characteristics of life?
How can you distinguish between what is living and what is not? There isn’t just one single thing that separates a living being from a non living one. A dog moves, but a car does as well. A tree grows bigger, but a cloud does as well. Life is defined by certain characteristics that living beings share. Something that contains all characteristics of life can be considered to be a living thing.
A single living creature is known as an organism. Living organisms share many characteristics. They are:
• Growth and change
• Response to the environment
• Complex chemistry
• Made up of cells
• Metabolism
• Reproduce
• Genetic material passed onto their offspring
Therefore, growth, development, reproduction, metabolism, heredity etc, are all characteristics that distinguish a living thing from a non living thing.
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Which of the statements is true regarding a phylogenetic tree?
a. Phylogenetic trees could be considered physical representations of hypotheses―those that seek to establish the evolutionary relationships between different organisms.
b. Within a phylogenetic tree, the order of groups located at the tree tips―not the nodes within a tree―determines sister group relationships.
c. Phylogenetic trees only depict the evolutionary relationships between different classes; relationships among different species within the same genus are not illustrated in such trees.
d. Phylogenetic trees are constructed based solely on the morphological characteristics of species; sequence similarities among different organisms are only evaluated by taxonomists.
e. Given the sheer number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic species on Earth, it is impossible to create a phylogenetic tree encompassing all of these organisms.
Option A is correct Phylogenetic trees could be considered physical representations of hypotheses―those that seek to establish the evolutionary relationships between different organisms.
A branching diagram or tree illustrating the evolutionary relationships among distinct biological species or other entities based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic traits is known as a phylogenetic tree (sometimes referred to as an evolutionary tree or phylogeny). A phylogenetic tree depicts the relationship between several creatures by tracing the course of evolution from a shared ancestor to various descendants. The relationships between individuals in a population to the entire history of life on Earth can all be represented by trees.
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in a test cro between two individuals heterozygous for a suspected completely dominant, autosomal trait, 41 offspring exhibited the dominant trait, and 16 exhibited the recessive trait. determine the probability that this deviation from the expected is due to chance alone.
The probability will be 2.5%.
The autosomal traits are those traits that occur in an individual due to some changes in the personal DNA.
This doesn't affect the offspring genetically based on gender. Which means these are not related to the genes which are passed on from on generation to another or the sex-related traits.
These traits can be dominant and can be recessive. The dominant trait is can be seen in the next generation affecting anyone. This trait is dominant over the other traits while the recessive traits are not found exactly in the next generation. They may or may not occur. The individual can be carrier of that trait but it won't be shown as the resultant affecting that individual in any manner.
Here, we have 41 offspring exhibiting the dominant trait and 16 offspring exhibiting the recessive traits.
Therefore the probability of these traits can be said to be just 2.5% or we can say approx every 2 individual shows dominant trait over every 1 individual showing recessive trait.
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What develops when two oceanic plates converge
A rift valleys
B deep-sea trenches
C island arcs
D tall, folded mountains
Answer:
The answer to your question is C island arcs
Explanation:
When two oceanic plates converge, the denser plate will end up sinking below the less dense plate, leading to the formation of an oceanic subduction zone.
A subduction zone is also generated when two oceanic plates collide — the older plate is forced under the younger one — and it leads to the formation of chains of volcanic islands known as island arcs.
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