The free energy diagrams A & B pairs of the coupled reaction would provide sufficient free energy input to drive the non-spontaneous reaction.
A nonspontaneous reaction is a reaction that does not favor the formation of products at the given set of conditions. In order for a reaction to be nonspontaneous, it must be endothermic, accompanied by a decrease in entropy, or both. If the reactants have a lower ΔG than the products, there will be an increase in free energy and the reaction is nonspontaneous.
An endothermic reaction is any chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its environment. The absorbed strength affords the activation strength for the reaction to arise. an indicator of this kind of response is that it feels bloodless.
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Definition
orthopedic appliance to correct an abnormality
A .sprain
B . osteopenia
C. prosthesis
D. orthotic
D. orthotic is an orthopedic appliance to correct an abnormality.
An orthotic is a type of orthopedic appliance that is used to correct or support abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system. Orthotics are often used to treat conditions such as sprains, fractures, or chronic pain conditions, and can be custom-made to fit the individual's needs.
Examples of orthotics include braces, splints, and other devices that can be worn on the body to provide support and stability. Orthotics are often prescribed by a doctor or other healthcare provider and can be made from a variety of materials, including plastic, metal, and fabric.
Other examples of orthopedic appliances include prostheses, which are used to replace missing limbs or other body parts, and orthopedic shoes, which are designed to provide support and relief for conditions such as flat feet or arthritis.
Which of the following is a factor that many developmentalists think might influence general intelligence?
a. experiences in infancy
b. all of these answers are correct.
c. both genes and physical health
d. genes experiences in infancy physical health
Genes experiences in infancy physical health is a factor that many developmentalists think might influence general intelligence.
So the correct option is B
The process of identifying, evaluating, and describing cognitive abilities via the use of scoring and management questions created specifically for that purpose is known as intelligence testing.
Around 50% of individual variance in IQ test scores is attributed to genetic factors. is the idea that both hereditary and environmental variables may have an influence on a person's intelligence.
An investigation of identical twins revealed a hereditary component to IQ. It was found that the IQ test scores of identical twins who were reared together were equivalent to those of a person who had taken the test twice. Similarities exist between the gray and white matter volumes, as well as the structure and functions, of the brains of identical twins.
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TRUE/FALSE. many of these drugs work by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine or serotonin, which elevate arousal and mood.
The given statement is TRUE. Depression is treated with antidepressant medications, which make more serotonin and norepinephrine available. These medications are frequently just slightly more effective than placebos. SNRIs have been licensed to treat depression, anxiety, and several forms of chronic pain.
Levomilnacipran (Fetzima) and Venlafaxine (Effexor XR) are medications that are also permitted for the treatment of some anxiety disorders and panic disorders. A non-invasive treatment for depression symptoms called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) stimulates brain nerve cells with magnetic fields. A group of substances known as catecholamines includes the neurotransmitters, epinephrine and norepinephrine, which also act as hormones.
They act as hormones, which have an impact on various physiological systems and activate the central nervous system. Your health may be negatively impacted by either too much or too little of either. Both epinephrine and norepinephrine have many chemical properties. Norepinephrine and epinephrine act on alpha and beta receptors, respectively. However, epinephrine affects beta receptors more than norepinephrine does. arteries are the only organs that contain alpha receptors. The arteries of skeletal muscles, the heart, and the lungs all contain beta receptors. Because of this disparity, epinephrine and norepinephrine have slightly different purposes.
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Differentiate between physical and mechanical digestion, considering 4 or 5 points.
Physical and mechanical digestion are two processes that are involved in the digestion of food in the human body.
Physical digestion refers to the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. This process involves the use of enzymes and other chemicals that break down the complex molecules in food into simpler substances that can be easily absorbed.
Mechanical digestion, on the other hand, refers to the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces using the muscles of the body. This process involves the movement of the muscles in the mouth, esophagus, and stomach, as well as the contractions of the intestines.
Some key differences between physical and mechanical digestion include:
Physical digestion involves the use of enzymes and other chemicals, while mechanical digestion involves the use of muscles.Physical digestion occurs primarily in the stomach and small intestine, while mechanical digestion occurs primarily in the mouth, esophagus, and stomach.Physical digestion results in the chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules, while mechanical digestion results in the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.Physical digestion is necessary for the absorption of nutrients, while mechanical digestion is necessary for the mechanical processing of food.Physical digestion is essential for the digestion of all types of food, while mechanical digestion is primarily important for the digestion of solid foods.refer to the metabolic pathway illustrated. if i, ii, iii, and iv are all required for growth, a bacterial strain that does not make enzyme x would be able to grow on medium supplemented with which of the following nutrient(s)?
A bacterial strain that does not produce the enzyme X would be able to grow on medium that has been supplied. Nutrients II, III, and IV are all necessary for growth.
What do a tRNA's two functional ends look like?The tRNA is 3'-UAC-5' on one end and binds to an mRNA codon that is 5'-AUG-3' on the other end through complementary base pairing. The amino acid methionine, which is the one the mRNA codon AUG specifies, is carried by the opposite end of the tRNA.
What is the appropriate information flow during gene expression?As a result, information moves from DNA to RNA to protein during the expression of a gene that codes for proteins. The main tenet of molecular biology is that information flows in one direction.
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At the beginning of this century, there was a general announcement regarding the sequencing of the human genome and the genomes of many other multicellular eukaryotes. Many people were surprised that the number of protein-coding sequences was much smaller than they had expected. Which of the following types of DNA make up the rest of the human genome? A. DNA that is translated directly without being transcribed B. non-protein-coding DNA that is transcribed into several kinds of small RNAs with biological function C. non-protein-coding DNA that serves as binding sites for reverse transcriptase D. DNA that consists of histone coding sequences
Option B, non-protein-coding DNA that is transcribed into several kinds of small RNAs with biological function.
So the human genome is made of DNA. Non-protein coding DNA will be the best response in this case, as option B. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), which aid in the assembly of the amino acid building blocks that make up proteins, are two examples of specialized RNA molecules derived from Non-protein coding DNA. A short RNA fragment known as a microRNA (miRNA) is another type of specialized RNA molecule that inhibits the production of proteins. An evolutionarily conserved non-protein coding DNA sequence is known as a conserved non-coding sequence (CNS). Due of their capacity to control human genome production, these sequences are interesting.
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place the labels into either the left or right cerebral hemisphere depending on which side is responsible for the function
Left hemisphere:speech,writing,left ear,main language centre calculation and Right visual half field
Right hemisphere :right ear,spatial concept,left visual half field
What is Left Celebral hemisphere?
The right half of the body's mobility is managed by the left brain hemisphere. A stroke affecting the left cerebral hemisphere may induce speech loss, functional loss, or motor skill impairment on the right side of the body, depending on its degree.
Left hemisphere:
speech,writing
left ear
main language centre calculation
Right visual half field
Right hemisphere :
right ear
spatial concept
left visual half field
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A wild-type tomato plant (Plant 1) is homozygous dominant for three traits: solid leaves (MM), normal height (DD), and smooth skin (PP). Another tomato plant (Plant 2) is homozygous recessive for the same three traits: mottled leaves (mm), dwarf height (dd), and peach skin (pp).
The law of independent assortment states that during gamete formation, each pair of alleles segregates independently of all other pairs of alleles. The predicted phenotypic ratios for each trait in the F2 offspring are shown in the three Punnett squares below: 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:
All offspring in the F1 generation of a cross between these two plants (MMDDPP x mmddpp) are wild type and heterozygous for all three traits (MmDdPp).
Assume you do a testcross on one of the F1 plants (MmDdPp x mmddpp).
The F2 generation can include plants with these eight
possible phenotypes:
Solid, normal, smooth solid, normal, peach solid, dwarf, smooth solid, dwarf, peach mottled, normal, smooth mottled, normal, peach mottled, dwarf, smooth mottled, dwarf, peach mottled, dwarf, smooth mottled, dwarf, peach mottled, dwarf, smooth mottled, dwarf, peach mottled, dwarf, smooth mottled, dwarf, peach mottled, dwarf, smooth mottled, dwarf,
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When doing experiments with isolated muscles, researchers stretch the muscle to different lengths before stimulating it. Which of these statements is TRUE about what happens to the muscle when they stretch it? Frest increases O The rise time increases O The latent period is shorter. O It enters tetanus at a lower stimulation frequency
The statements that is TRUE about what happens to the muscle when they stretch it is Frest increases.
When a muscle, one of the four major bodily tissues created in an organism, is stretched to a different length before being stimulated, the frest increases. Frest rises is the right answer, therefore.
Stretching is a type of physical activity when a particular muscle, tendon, or muscle group is purposefully flexed or stretched in order to increase the muscle's perceived suppleness and attain a comfortable level of muscular tone. One experiences improved muscle control, flexibility, and range of motion as a result. Stretching is another therapeutic technique used to treat cramps and enhance daily function by extending range of motion.
Stretching is an action that humans and many other creatures engage in on a natural and instinctual level. Yawning might go along with it. After waking up from sleep, after being inactive for a while, or after leaving confining rooms and surroundings, stretching is frequently a reflex action. Spiders are among the vertebrates, in addition to mammals and birds.
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Even when genetic tests correctly predict a genetic disorder, they usually cannot foretell how severe its symptoms will be or when they will appear.
a. True
b. False
The given statement is true that genetic tests cannot correctly predict when and how severe symptoms will appear of a genetic disorder.
The tests performed to check if the DNA sequence has been changed or how it has changed is called genetic test. These are very powerful medium in order to decide the correct treatment for a patient. There are three types of genetic tests: molecular test, chromosomal test and gene expression test.
Genetic disorders are the one that arise due to change in the sequence of DNA, also called mutation. These disorders are heritable i.e., they can be transmitted from the parents to their children.
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enzymes require specific environments for activity, usually with neutral ph and a particular temperature range. some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because (4 points)
Some bacteria can sustain a lower internal temperature, which enables them to be metabolically active in hot springs. (2) Catalysis becomes superfluous at high temperatures. (3) Their enzymes function best at high temperatures (4) Their enzymes have zero temperature sensitivity.
What do bacteria do and how it is made up of?Some bacteria aid in food digestion, the body's production of vital vitamins, and the eradication of disease-causing cells. Bacteria are also used to produce nutrient-dense foods like cheese and yogurt. On the other hand, contagious germs can potentially make you ill.
Its gel-like matrix, that also contains other cell components like ribosomes, chromosomes, or plasmids, is made up of water, enzyme, nutrition, waste products, and gases. The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasmic and all of its constituent parts. Like eukaryotic (true) cells, bacteria do not contain a nucleus that is enclosed in a membrane.
Why do bacteria harm us and where do bacteria come from?Many disease-causing bacteria produce toxins, which are strong chemicals that damage your cells and make you ill. Other bacteria have had the power to obliterate tissues right away. A throat infection is one of the disorders brought on by bacteria.
Its gel-like matrix, that also contains other cell components like ribosomes, chromosomes, or plasmids, is made up of water, enzyme, nutrients, waste products, & gases. The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasmic and all of its constituent parts. Bacteria do not have a membrane-enclosed nucleus like eukaryotic (true) cells do.
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When you stick your hand in a bucket of ice, it grows numb after a while. Based on what you know regarding neuronal signaling, explain how the sensation of touch is blocked from signaling to the brain.
Answer:
Now, when we put our hand in an ice bucket and it goes numb, this is partially because our peripheral nerves are producing numbness and it has been generally believed that cold temperatures suppressed the excitability of neurons. Now first we may insert our hand into the ice order and we sense the cold around it
Explanation:
What are some of the cellular functions that a cell membrane participates in?
Hope this is the answer you want.
A cell membrane has 2 functions, first, a barrier that keeps the constituents of the cell inside and take out any unwanted substances. Second, to allow the transport of nutrients into the cell and movement of waste products.
True/False mineral nutrients are cycled through ecosystems and their environment. water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur are of particular importance. human activities have caused major disturbances to these cycles. pollution, oil spills and events causing global climate change have altered the
True. The environment is composed of a complex web of interconnected natural cycles, with mineral nutrients being no exception.
Water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur are of particular importance as they are necessary for the growth of plant and animal life. These essential elements are constantly cycled through ecosystems and their environment, forming an integral part of the Earth’s natural balance.
In recent years, human activities have caused major disturbances to these cycles, leading to an imbalance in the environment. Pollution, oil spills, and events causing global climate change have all played a part in altering these cycles. For example, the burning of fossil fuels has led to an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
This has caused higher temperatures, leading to more frequent and intense storms and floods, which in turn have resulted in increased sediment runoff into waterways. This change in the mineral nutrient cycle has caused a decrease in the fertility of soil, leading to less productive crops.
In addition, over-exploitation of natural resources, such as excessive fishing and deforestation, has disrupted the balance of nutrient cycles and caused a decline in biodiversity. This has resulted in a decrease in the amount of available mineral nutrients and an increase in their concentration in the environment. This can lead to increased levels of pollutants and toxins, which can be harmful to plant and animal life.
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TRUE/FALSE. the resource conservation and recovery act (rcra) applies only to active facilities, not future ones.
FALSE. Only currently operating facilities, not those in the future, are covered under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
What objectives does resource preservation seek to achieve?making sure that trash disposal doesn't pose any risks to the environment or human health. using less natural resources and energy. cutting back on waste production. assuring environmentally responsible trash management.
What does recycling mean?Collecting and reusing used materials is known as recycling. Because these used materials can be repurposed to create new products, recycling is practiced. it involves turning trash into useful materials. Cans, bottles, and plastic are all recycled.
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After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel, before reaching the right atrium again, is the __________.
a. right ventricle. b. pulmonary trunk. c.left atrium. d.distal inferior vena cava. e. ascending aorta
The (d) distal inferior vena cava is the farthest a red blood cell can go after entering the right atrium before returning to the right atrium.
What Is the Function of Red Blood Cells?Red blood cells provide oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies. After then, the carbon dioxide is returned to our lungs, where it is exhaled. Red blood cells, also known as red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells, or erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cell and the primary source of oxygen for the body tissues of vertebrates. They move throughout the circulatory system with the blood.
What produces red blood cells?Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the supple, spongy material found in the centre of the bones. It produces 95% of the blood cells in the body. The majority of the bone marrow in an adult's body is found in the pelvic, breast, and spine bones.
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which of the following human diseases is caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome inside the host cell?
AIDS is the next human disease caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome inside the host cell.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) uses reverse transcriptase to make a double-stranded RNA copy of its DNA genome. - Retroviruses like HIV have an RNA genome and can use reverse transcriptase to create a double-stranded DNA copy of the genome and integrate it into the genome of the host cell.
Cells in which the virus utilizes metabolism for growth and replication or cells into which plasmids are introduced in recombinant DNA experiments. In bioprocessing, cells engineered and cultured to express the protein of interest are the host cells of the expression system.
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The process that normally exerts the greatest control over the water balance of an individual is
a. sweating
b. elimination of feces
c. kidney function
d. evaporation through the skin
e. respiratory loss
Answer: c. kidney function
c. Kidney function is the process that normally exerts the greatest control over the water balance of an individual.
Kidney are the basic sites that control the water balance. This is because almost 90% of the water is absorbed back by the nephrons during the filtration process.
If this water is not absorbed by the nephrons present in the kidneys, then the body of a person will not be able to control the water balance. Excess amounts of water will be lost as urine and hence the person will die due to no water being present in the body. Hence, the greatest control of the water balance is caused by the kidney function.
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what types of objects can be studied with a light microscope?
Answer:
Bacteria, cells, and small living organisms.
Explanation:
Where do I find spinal tracks going to the brain? (Posterior or Anterior)?
Answer:
Posterior
Explanation:
Posterior refers to the back or rear part of something, while anterior refers to the front part of something.
In the context of the human body, the posterior part is the back side of the body, while the anterior part is the front side of the body. For example, the back of the head is the posterior part of the head, while the front of the head is the anterior part of the head.
Similarly, in the context of the spinal cord, the posterior part is the back part of the cord, while the anterior part is the front part of the cord. The posterior part of the spinal cord contains the spinal tracks that carry sensory information from the body to the brain, while the anterior part of the spinal cord contains motor neurons that control the movement of muscles.
Overall, the terms posterior and anterior are used to describe the relative positions of different parts of the body, with posterior referring to the back part and anterior referring to the front part.
Spinal tracks that go to the brain are located in the posterior part of the spinal cord. The spinal cord is a long, narrow structure that extends from the base of the brain down to the lower back. It is made up of a bundle of nerve fibers that carry signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
The spinal tracks that go to the brain are located in the posterior part of the spinal cord, which is the back part of the cord. These tracks are used to carry sensory information from the body to the brain, as well as motor signals from the brain to the body. The spinal tracks in the posterior part of the spinal cord are organized into different levels, each of which carries signals to and from specific parts of the body.
In contrast, the anterior part of the spinal cord is located at the front of the cord and contains motor neurons that control the movement of muscles. The anterior part of the spinal cord is not directly involved in carrying sensory information to the brain.
Overall, the spinal tracks that go to the brain are located in the posterior part of the spinal cord, not the anterior part.
T/F Consider the length-tension relationship. Then, click and drag each statement into the correct box to identify whether that statement is true or false regarding the length-tension relationship of muscles.
True:
A higher possible number of cross-bridges means higher tension.
For max hamstring contraction, begin with the knee fully extended.
Sarcomeres will achieve virtually no contraction if beginning at half length.
False:
For max tension from biceps, begin with elbow bent at 90 degrees.
For max contraction tension, begin with zero degree of overlapping thick and thin filaments.
The highest tension can be achieved if all possible cross-bridges are formed prior to stimulation.
True - Sarcomeres will achieve virtually no contraction if they begin at half their optimal length.
TRUE
Sarcomeres will achieve virtually no contraction if they begin at half their optimal length
For maximum hamstring contraction, begin with the knee fully extended
FALSE
The highest possible tension can be achieved if all possible crossbridges are formed prior to stimulation (A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber)
A higher possible number of cross bridges means higher possible tension.
To maximize tension from a biceps brachii contraction, begin with the elbow bent at 90 degrees
To maximize contraction tension, begin with a 0 degree of overlapping thick and thin filaments
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3. earlier in the semester we ran a paper chromatography experiment on the pigments commonly found in chloroplast of plants. in this lab you are being exposed to gel electrophoresis. in the space below state the similarities and differences between these two lab experiments.
The usage of a component's electrical properties in electrophoresis as opposed to a component's partition coefficient in chromatography is the distinction between the two processes.
How are gel electrophoresis and paper chromatography similar?Similarities: Both techniques are used to separate people. Both procedures elute the component from the same sample. According to the shape and the size of the molecules present, the components are divided in both techniques.
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?A laboratory technique called gel electrophoresis is used to separate combinations of DNA and RNA based on their molecular sizes. In gel electrophoresis, the molecules that need to be separated are forced through a gel that has small pores made by an electrical field.
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Microtubules are involved in all of the following EXCEPT the formation of the spindle apparatus during cell division the extension of the lamellopodium of a white blood cell during cell locomotion the formation of flagella used by sperm cells to swim transport of vesicles between organelles of the endomembrane system Microtubules are involved in all of the above. Which of the following is NOT true concerning the chloroplasts and mitochondria and therefore is not evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory? Both are surrounded by a double membrane. Both divide by binary fission. Both contain their own circular genome. Both can survive independently from a eukaryotic cell. All of the above are TRUE, and support the endosymbiotic theory. After PIP2 is cleaved, where will you find DAG and IP3? Both remain in the plasma membrane DAG remains in the plasma membrane, IP3 diffuses through the cytoplasm IP3 remains in the plasma membrane, DAG diffuses through the cytoplasm Both diffuse through the cytoplasm What could you add to your in vitro system (above) to stop the MTs from treadmilling? tubulin-GTP dimers tubulin-GDP dimers GDP Could add either A or B Which of the following is NOT true concerning the chloroplasts and mitochondria and therefore is not evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory? Both are surrounded by a double membrane. Both divide by binary fission. Both contain their own circular genome. Both can survive independently from a eukaryotic cell. All of the above are TRUE, and support the endosymbiotic theory.
the lengthening of the a white blood cell's lamellopodium during cell movement.
What kind of movement does WBC engage in?WBCs have the ability to alter shape like an amoeba and can thus move like one.This permits them to squeeze from out blood capillaries into to the tissues.Diapedesis is the name given to this process.
What propulsion system does a white blood cell use?Leukocytes, or adult white blood cells, swim via a recently discovered technique termed molecular paddling, according to studies.The migration of immune cells and tumor cells in diverse fluid-filled bodily niches, for either good or bad, may be explained by this microswimming mechanism.
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which of the following layers of the digestive tract is the only one that has direct contact with food before is it digested?
Only the gut epithelial layer of the digestive system comes into direct touch with food prior to digestion.
Since mucus production is a distinctive trait of gut epithelium, the mucosa is referred to as a mucous membrane. The lamina propria, a layer of connective tissue resembling the dermis, and the epithelium, which is in direct touch with ingested food, make up the membrane. The GI tract's mucosa is its deepest layer. The epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae are its three layers. The lumen, or open area inside the digestive tube, is surrounded by the mucosa. Food that has been digested directly contacts this layer (chyme).
complete question:
Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food consumed?
(a) Mucosa
(b) Muscularis
(c) Submucosa
(d) Serosa
(e) Peritoneum.
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Sequence the following species divergence points from oldest to most recent using principles of molecular clocks: -Two species of chameleons with genes that differ in 2% of nucleotides and have a substitution rate of 1% per 200,000 years. -Two species of plants have genes that differ in 5% of nucleotides and have a substitution rate of 2.5% per 300,000 years. -Ancestors of chimpanzees and humans diverged. -550,000 years ago -Two different species of fungi have genes that differ in 4.5% of their nucleotides, and they have a substitution rate of 1% per 350,000 years.
From bottom to top will be the proper sequence. i.e. The E will be the oldest, followed by D—C—B—A.
In biology, what are nucleotides?One of structural elements, or components, of RNA and DNA is the nucleotide. A nucleotide is made up of a bases (one of the four substances adenine, thymine, purines, and cytosine), a sugar molecule, and a phosphoric acid molecule.
What are nucleotides and what do they do?The building blocks of DNA and RNA are nucleotides. They have genetic material in them. As coenzymes, nucleotides are necessary for enzymes to catalyze various biological processes. In our bodies, energy is stored as ATP.
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which of the following is true regarding the electron transport chain? (select all that is/are true) group of answer choices it occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. it occurs in the mitochondria of a cell protons are actively pumped from the inner membrane space to the matrix via the ets complexes. molecular oxygen (o2) is required for it to operate nadh donates a hydride to complex i, which donates electrons to complex iii then to complex iv with o2 being the final electron acceptor.
Option B. it occurs in the mitochondria of a cell protons are actively pumped from the inner membrane space to the matrix via the complexes is true regarding the electron transport chain.
An electron transport chain is a sequence of protein complexes and different molecules that switch electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions and couples this electron switch with the switch of protons throughout a membrane. An electron transport chain (and so on) is a sequence of protein complexes ; The go with the flow of electrons thru the electron delivery chain is an exergonic manner.
The method of forming ATP from the electron delivery chain is referred to as oxidative phosphorylation. Electrons carried by using NADH + H+ and FADH2 are transferred to oxygen thru a series of electron companies, and ATPs are shaped. three ATPs are shaped from each NADH + H+, and two ATPs are formed for each FADH2 in eukaryotes.
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select all the reasons why it is difficult for biologists to determine whether a speciation event is allopatric or sympatric.
It is challenging to identify all the geographic barriers that are significant to various species. The magnitude of a geographic barrier required to split populations varies on the species.
Geographical speciation is another name for allopatric speciation. The shift in allopatric speciation is brought on by the differences in environmental conditions. New species evolve from a single ancestral species through a process known as sympatric speciation. Various distinctions between sympatric and allopatric speciation are discussed here. Evolutionists frequently debate whether sympatric speciation is intrinsically plausible and if populations spatially segregate frequently enough to make allopatric speciation the predominate method of speciation (see below). However, sympatric speciation continues to be interesting for a number of reasons.
complete question:
select the reasons why it is difficult for biologists to determine whether a speciation event is allopatric or sympatric.
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if an incubating goose notices an egg out of the nest, she will extend her neck toward the egg, get up, and then the egg back to the nest using her and neck.
If an incubating goose notices an egg out of the nest, she will extend her neck toward the egg, get up, and then the egg back to the nest using her and neck which tells us its Behavior.
An illustration of a set action pattern is the behavior of graylag geese, which pretend to be putting the egg back into the nest even when it has already been taken out.
The family of ducks known as the Anatidae include the species known as graylag loose. It may be found throughout England. Since they migrate last during the season and are consequently viewed as lagging behind, the term "lag" in their name relates to this.
Fixed action patterns are the actions an organism does in reaction to a stimulus, and they continue long after the stimulus has passed away. This behavior is extremely sexist and speculative.
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list the starting materials, end products, and eventual fates of all of the molecules that participate in glycolysis. (chart)
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two pyruvates, two ATPs, two hydrogen ions, and two amounts of NADH to produce lactate, an ionized form of lactic acid.
What is glycolysis and why does it work?
The process through which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. It results in the production of two pyruvate molecules, ATP, and water. No oxygen is needed for the entire process, which takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are impacted.
What are the primary roles that glycolysis plays?
During glycolysis, sugar molecules are degraded to produce the energy needed for cellular respiration. It takes place in the cell's cytoplasm. The thousands of ATP molecules generated during glycolysis are used in numerous types of cell respiration.
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a student studying bird development recorded the mass of eggs from the time they were laid until the time they hatched in order to relate the mass of the egg to the final mass of the chick.
which line represents the pattern of change in mass over that time?