The answer is 30.4 min.
Solution:
For 7/8 decay
It will have 2 half-lives. In first half life it will remain 1/6 then after second half life it will remain 1/8 means decay = 1-8/8 = 7/8
So total time
= 15.2 * 2 = 30.4 min
A radioisotope is a radioactive isotope of an element. They can also be defined as unstable combinations of neutrons and protons, or atoms containing excess energy within the nucleus. For example, radioactive isotopes of radium, thorium, and uranium occur naturally in rocks and soils.
Uranium and Thorium are also present in water in trace amounts. Radon, produced by the radioactive decay of radium, is present in the air. An unstable form of a chemical element emits radiation as it decays and becomes more stable. Radioactive isotopes can occur naturally or can be created in a laboratory.
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Explain how magic numbers are related to nuclear stability.
In nuclear stability, there are seven magic numbers which are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126.
What are magic numbers?A magic number can be described as a number of nucleons such that they are arranged into shells within the atomic nucleus. Atomic nuclei with a 'magic' number of protons or neutrons are much more stable than other simple nuclei.
The seven most recognized magic numbers are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126. For protons. the elements helium, oxygen, calcium, tin, nickel, lead, and unbihexium, although 126 is known to be a magic number for neutrons.
Atomic nuclei containing such a magic number of nucleons exhibit a higher binding energy per nucleon.
The magic number shows the number of filled nuclear shells. They tend to recognize the isotopes that are much more stable as compared to other elements and show the energies of each nucleon.
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Why would the infant mortality rate influence a country’ claification a developed or developing?
According to our analysis, maternal mortality is the most important risk factor for infant mortality, followed by access to water and sanitation facilities.
What connection exists between infant mortality rates and a nation's level of development?One of the primary factors for the socioeconomic disparities that exist throughout these countries is the relationship between infant mortality and life expectancy, which results in higher newborn mortality rates and lower life expectancies at birth.
Why are developing nations' infant mortality rates so high?The absence of clean water, poor sanitation, malnutrition, endemic illnesses, inadequate or nonexistent primary health care facilities, and low health care spending are all conditions that are brought on by poverty, which is why infant mortality is clearly a function of poverty.
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14. B = Black fur, b = white fur, Show a punnett square for this cross: Bb x Bb, Give the genotypes and
phenotypes as probabilities.
Answer: the image below is the answer
Explanation:
What is the difference between stoichiometry and limiting reactant? How do you use the mole ratio and the balanced equation to calculate the amount of reactants or products in a chemical reaction?
The reaction stoichiometry can be used to calculate the exact amount of reactant required to react with another element. The limiting reagent is determined by the mole ratio rather than the masses of the reactants.
What is stoichiometry?Stoichiometry is the calculation of products and reactants in a chemical reaction. It is primarily concerned with numbers.
Stoichiometry is a fundamental concept in chemistry that allows us to use balanced chemical equations to calculate the amounts of reactants and products. We use ratios from the balanced equation here. In general, all reactions are determined by one factor: the amount of substance present.
The stoichiometric coefficient or stoichiometric number is the number of molecules involved in the reaction. When you look at any balanced reaction, you will notice that there are an equal number of elements on both sides of the equation. The stoichiometric coefficient is essentially the number that appears in front of atoms, molecules, or ions.
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how many moles of chlorine are required to react completely with 0.66 moles of sodium using this reaction: na cl2 ---> nacl 23.1 moles 1.32 moles 0.33 moles 0.99 moles
b. There must be 1.32 moles of chlorine to balance the reaction.
This answer can be determined by using the stoichiometric equation, which states that for a balanced equation, the number of moles of each element in the reactants must equal the number of moles of each element in the products.
In this case, the equation is Na + Cl2 --> NaCl, and the given information is that there are 0.66 moles of sodium. In order to determine how many moles of chlorine are required to react completely with the sodium, we must first determine how many moles of sodium chloride will be produced.
Since there is one mole of sodium for every mole of chlorine, we can calculate that 0.66 moles of sodium chloride will be produced. This means that there must be 1.32 moles of chlorine to balance the reaction and produce the desired amount of sodium chloride.
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Which of the following refers to the total kinetic and potential energy of all its particles?
Thermal energy is the sum of all the kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object. The amount of thermal energy in an object increases with its temperature.
Because the constituent parts of a thing are always in motion, they possess kinetic energy. They also have potential energy because they are grouped in particular ways in various objects. Thermal energy refers to the combined kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in an object.
An thing has greater thermal energy when its temperature is higher.
The sum of the kinetic energies of all the atoms and molecules in an object makes up its thermal energy. It is a type of energy that is associated with heat and temperature.
Chemical, nuclear, and electrical reactions inside the body can provide thermal energy. It can also be produced or amplified by outside forces including thermal conduction, radiation, and mechanical motion.
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in the laboratory a student combines 35.8 ml of a 0.254 m calcium bromide solution with 12.4 ml of a 0.536 m iron(ii) bromide solution. what is the final concentration of bromide anion ?
The final concentration of bromide anion should be 0.6530 M.
Concentration of mixture (C) = ( n₁ × C₁ × V₁ + n₂ × C₂ × V₂ ) / (V₁+V₂)
where C₁ = Concentration of 1 component = 0.254 M
V₁ = volume of 1 component = 35.8 ml
C₂ = Concentration of other component = 0.536 M
V₂ = volume of other component = 12.4 ml
n₁ = number of particle from 1 molecule of 1st component
= 2 as 1 molecule of CaBr₂ has 2 atom of Br = 2
n₂ = number of particle from 1 molecule of 2nd component
= 2 as 1 molecule of FeBr₂ has 2 atom of Br = 2
Now, put the values in above equation;
C = ( n1 × C1 × V1 + n2 × C2 × V2 ) / (V1+V2)
C = ( 2 × 0.254 × 35.8 + 2 × 0.536 × 12.4 ) / ( 35.8 + 12.4 )
C = ( 18.1864 + 13.2928 ) / ( 48.2 )
C = ( 31.4792 ) / ( 48.2 )
C = 0.6530 M
So, The final concentration of Bromide anion is 0.6530 M.
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why do high pressures favor the formation of diamond from graphite? drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
At the high pressures favor the formation of diamond from graphite because according to the le chatelier principle if we increase the pressure the equilibrium will shifts to the higher density.
The synthetic diamond is formed the graphite at a very high temperature.
graphite ⇄ diamond
the density of the graphite = 2.2 g/cm³
the density of the diamond = 3.9 g/cm³
if we increase the pressure then the equilibrium will shifts to the low volume or the high density. here the density of the diamond is high than the graphite. so, equilibrium shifts towards the diamond. therefore is the condition for the graphite to convert in diamond.
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which type of process does a nuclear power plant use to produce electricity?
A. Nuclear Fusion
B. Nuclear Decay
C. Nuclear Fission
D. Combustion
Answer:
nuclear fission
Explanation:
nuclear fission creates the most energy, so its obvious a power plant would use the best option to create said energy.
propanol has a normal boiling point of 97.8°c. at 400 torr, it has a boiling point of 82.0°c. what is the heat of vaporization?
44.5 kJ/mol Propanol has a boiling point of 82.0°C when its typical boiling point is 97.8°C at 400 Torr.
What is the hexane vapour pressure at its typical boiling point?Hexane's typical boiling point is 342 K. Hexane has a 30.1 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization. 1.23 atm is the atmospheric pressure.
Propanol typically boils at T1 = 97.8°C = 371.0 K. A pressure of P1 = 1 atm = 760 torr is referred to as "normal." Its boiling point at 400 torr (P2) is T2 = 82.0 °C / 355.2 K. Using the two point form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, we can determine the heat of vaporization (Hvap), which results in the heat of vaporization being 44.5 kJ/mol.
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How did the suspects make the silver coins look gold?
Silver coins have a small proportion of zinc which on heating come to the surface in the form of brass having yellow color resembling element of gold.
What is an element?An element is defined as a substance which cannot be broken down further into any other substance. Each element is made up of its own type of atom. Due to this reason all elements are different from one another.
The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element and is related to the atomic number.All atoms with same atomic number are atoms of same element.
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for water to change into the gas phase, energy is required to break hydrogen bonds between h2o molecules. this energy is referred to as:
For water to change into the gas phase, energy is required to break hydrogen bonds between H₂O molecules. this energy is referred to as latent heat.
Latent heat is defined as the energy in the form of heat that is required in order to change a matter from its solid into liquid form or liquid into gas form, but without a change of temperature. An example of a latent heat would be of boiling water at 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit), because at this stage, the water from its liquid form will start to change into its gas form, forming a water vapor, while the temperature remains constant at 100 degrees Celsius.
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Describe three steps that can be used to identify a material
Answer:
Decide what properties you want to check, test those properties, and compare the results to the materials
Explanation:
What element has 7 valence and 3 energy levels and would use neon in the noble gas configuration?
What’s the first change that occurs in your cookie dough after you put the pan in the oven?
Answer:
Butter melts.
Explanation:
if 0.300 mol of ch4 burns and all the heat given off by the burning methane is put into 4.00 kg of water, initially at 20.0 o c, what is the final temperature of the water?
The final temperature of the water is 36°C.
What is temperature ?
Temperature is an indicator of the system's atoms' or molecules' typical kinetic energy. According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics, when two things are in thermal equilibrium, there is no heat transfer between them and they therefore have the same temperature.
What is burning ?
Burning, also known as combustion, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical process that occurs when an oxidant, typically atmospheric oxygen, reacts with a fuel (the reductant) to generate oxidized, frequently gaseous products in a mixture known as smoke.
CH₄+2O₂⇒CO₂+2H₂O
Amount of heat produced on burning of one mol of CH₄ is 890 KJ
on burning of 0.300 mol of CH₄ amount of heat produced = (0.300*890)KJ
267KJ
267*10⁻³KJ[∴1KJ= 10⁻³J]
let the final temperature of the water be t₁
amount of heat absorbed by water msΔt
4*10³g*4.18Jg⁻¹°C⁻¹*(t-20)°c
4*10³g*4.18Jg⁻¹°C⁻¹*(t-20)°c = 267*10³J
(t-20)= 267*10³/4*10³g*4.18
t-20= 15.96
t=20+15.96
t= 35.96
t= 36°c
Therefore, the final temperature of the water is 36°C.
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Compare and contrast biological and non biological
methods of metal extraction
Biological and non-biological methods of metal extraction refer to the different ways in which metals can be extracted from ore deposits in the ground. Biological methods, also known as biomining, use microorganisms to extract metals from ores. These microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, can break down the chemical bonds in ores and release the metals they contain, which can then be extracted and purified. Non-biological methods, on the other hand, use physical or chemical processes to extract metals from ores. These methods can include roasting, smelting, and leaching, and they do not require the use of living organisms.
One key difference between biological and non-biological methods of metal extraction is the speed at which they can extract metals. Biological methods are generally slower than non-biological methods, but they are also often more environmentally friendly, as they do not produce as much waste or pollution. Non-biological methods, on the other hand, can be faster and more efficient, but they can also be more harmful to the environment.
Another difference between the two types of metal extraction methods is the types of ores that they can be used on. Biological methods are typically more effective on sulfide ores, which are ores that contain sulfur. Non-biological methods, on the other hand, are often more effective on oxide ores, which are ores that contain oxygen.
Overall, biological and non-biological methods of metal extraction are two different approaches to extracting metals from ores. While both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, they are both important tools in the field of mining and metallurgy.
What is the electrical charge of a proton in coulombs (C)?
The electrical charge of a proton is equal to 1.602 x 10^-19 coulombs (C).
The International System of Units uses this as the reference unit for electric charge (SI). The proton is a subatomic particle with a positive charge that is located in the nucleus of an atom. When compared to the electron, which is a negatively charged particle, its charge is the opposite in sign. Any subatomic particle's charge, whether it be that of a proton or another one, is a fundamental characteristic that cannot be altered.
The magnitude of the charge of the proton, and other subatomic particles, is defined by the electric charge of the electron, which is the elementary charge unit. The magnitude of the charge of the electron is 1.602 x 10^-19 C, and this value is used as the reference for the charge of other particles.
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Which is a saturated fatty acid?
Answer:
The saturated fatty acids are derived from both animal fats and plant oils. Rich sources of dietary saturated fatty acids include butter fat, meat fat, and tropical oils (palm oil, coconut oil, and palm kernel oil). Saturated fatty acids are straight-chain organic acids with an even number of carbon atoms (Table 2)
NH3+__0->NO+H20
a) What mass ofNO2 can be produced from 8.46 x 102 molecules of oxygen?
b) 23.7 g ofNH3 would be able to produce how many moles of H0?
c) How many grams of O2 are needed to produce 1.26 x 102 molecules of H20?
d) How many moles of NH3 are needed to react completely with 22.05 L of oxygen?
a) The mass produced is 6.5 * 10^ -20 g.
b) The amount of water produced is 2.1 moles.
c) The mass of oxygen produced is 7.84 * 10^ -21 g.
d) The moles of ammonia needed is 0.56 moles.
What is stoichiometry?Let us recall that we can be able to use the principles of stoichiometry to be able to obtain the parameters that we need to solve in this question.
a) Given that;
1 mole of oxygen would contain 6.02 * 10^23 molecules
x moles of oxygen would contain 8.46 x 10^ 2 molecules
x = 1.41 * 10^ -21 moles
If 4 moles of ammonia produces 4 moles of nitrogen IV oxide. Hence the mass of the nitrogen IV oxide produced
= 1.41 * 10^ -21 moles * 46 g/mol
= 6.5 * 10^ -20 g
b) Number of moles of ammonia = 23.7 g/17 g/mol
= 1.39 moles
If 4 moles of ammonia produces 6 moles of water
1.39 moles of ammonia produces 1.39 * 6/4
=2.1 moles
c) 1 mole of water would contain 6.02 * 10^23 molecules
x moles of water would contain 1.26 x 10^ 2 molecules
x = 2.1 * 10^ -22 moles
If 7 moles of oxygen produces 6 moles of water
x moles of oxygen would produce 2.1 * 10^ -22 moles of water
x = 2.45 * 10^-22 moles
Mass of the oxygen = 2.45 * 10^-22 moles * 32 g/mol
= 7.84 * 10^ -21 g
d) If 1 mole of oxygen occupies 22.4 L
x moles of oxygen occupies 22.05 L
x = 0.98 moles
If 4 moles of ammonia reacts with 7 moles of oxygen
x moles of ammonia would reacts with 0.98 moles of oxygen
x = 4 * 0.98/7
= 0.56 moles
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What is the molarity of 4 g of nacl in 3, 800 ml of solution? molar mass nacl = 58. 44 g/mol.
The molarity of the solution is 0.018 M.
For the calculation of molarity, we need to use the formula for molarity, put all values in the formula, and then complete the calculation.
formula of molarity= [tex]\frac{number of moles}{volume(L)}[/tex] M
volume of solution is 3800ml or 3.8L
number of moles= [tex]\frac{Given mass}{Molar Mass}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{4}{58.44}[/tex] = 0.06844
where given mass is the mass of solute that are present in the solution
What is molar mass?Molar mass is also defied as the sum of atomic masses of all atoms present in the molecule.
molarity = [tex]\frac{0.06844}{3.8}[/tex] = 0.018 M
Hence the molarity of solution is 0.018 M
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n a molecule of nitrogen, the two nitrogen atoms are joined by a triple covalent bond. how many dots represent this bond in the electron dot formula for the molecule?
In a nitrogen molecule, a triple covalent bond connects the two nitrogen atoms. The formation of 3 bonds and 6 electron dots follows.
A non-metal, nitrogen is.The outer shell of an atom of nitrogen contains five electrons.The periodic table's group 5 includes nitrogen.A nitrogen molecule is created when two nitrogen atoms share three electrons and establish three covalent connections (N2).The electrons in the nitrogen molecule are pooled to create covalent bonds. Since there are 3 covalent links between the nitrogen atoms, there will be 6 shared electrons. Each covalent bond is made up of 2 shared electrons.
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Which statement is a TRUE description of inorganic compounds? Inorganic compounds lack long, complex chains of carbon atoms. Polysaccharides are inorganic compounds because these sugars do not taste sweet. Inorganic compounds can be formed from complex sequences of amino acids. Inorganic compounds can produce energy in the form of ATP.
True statement of inorganic compounds are Inorganic compounds lack long, complex chains of carbon atoms.
A material without both carbon and hydrogen is said to be an inorganic compound. Many inorganic substances, like water (H2O) and the hydrochloric acid (HCl) secreted by your stomach, do contain hydrogen atoms. In contrast, carbon atoms are only present in a small number of inorganic molecules. A chemical without a carbon-hydrogen bond is said to be inorganic. A chemical substance that does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, or one that is not an organic complex, is known as an inorganic compound. Any substance in which two or more chemical elements (often those other than carbon) are mixed, almost invariably in precise proportions, is referred to as an inorganic compound. When carbon is bonded to hydrogen, a compound is categorized as organic.
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draw n-methylpiperidine and n,n-dimethylaniline, and classify each as a 1°, 2°, or 3° amine.
N-methylpiperidine and n,n-dimethylaniline (structures attached), and both are 3° amine.
According to the number of carbon atoms that are directly bonded to the nitrogen atom, amines can be divided into three categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary. A single carbon atom is linked to the nitrogen atom in primary amines. The nitrogen is bound to two carbons in secondary amines, while it is bonded to three carbons in tertiary amines. Secondary amines are found in organic compounds.
The molecule n,n,-dimethylaniline contains a benzene ring, followed by nitrogen that is linked to two CH3 groups. As a result, we can see that the element nitrogen is bonded to three different carbon atoms in each molecule. As a result, it is an amine of the third degree or it is a tertiary amine.
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Which is the correct statement regarding the relative Rf values of the starting methyl benzoate vs the product, methyl m-nitrobenzoate on a silica gel TLC plate? a. The product has a lower Rf value on a silica gel TLC plate because it is more polar than the starting methyl benzoate. b. The product has a lower Rf value on a silica gel TLC plate because it is less polar than the starting methyl benzoate. c. The product has a higher Rf value on a silica gel TLC plate because it is less polar than the starting methyl benzoate. d. The product has a higher Rf value on a silica gel TLC plate because it is more polar than the starting methyl benzoate.
The correct statement regarding the relative Rf values of the starting methyl benzoate vs the product, methyl m-nitrobenzoate on a silica gel TLC plate is (a) the product has a lower Rf value on silica gel TLC plate because it is more polar than starting material methyl benzoate.
There are many pores in silica gel, each of which can hold water; as is well known, water carries a polar charge. So we may say that the silica gel that serves as our stationary phase is polar. Because "like dissolves like" in chemistry, polar compounds interact with other polar substances. If there is a greater interaction, the Rf value will also be lower. Rf value is the molecular distance on TLC plate. Since the nitro group in this example is polar, it will interact with the water in the silica gel and as a result, will travel less distance, resulting in a lower Rf value than the methyl benzoate, which does not connect with the water in the silica gel because it lacks polar groups and therefore runs more quickly and covers a greater distance, leading to a higher Rf. So option (a) is the right option.
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it is said that secrets should be few and changeable and they should also maximize entropy. what is entropy?
Entropy, the amount of thermal energy per unit temperature in a system that cannot be used for productive work.
Entropy is the measurement of the amount of thermal energy per unit of temperature in a system that cannot be used for productive work. Entropy is a measure of a system's molecular disorder or randomness because work is produced by ordered molecular motion. Entropy theory offers profound understanding of the direction of spontaneous change for many commonplace phenomena. A standout of 19th-century physics is its invention by the German physicist Rudolf Clausius in 1850. Entropy offers a mathematical way to express the intuitive understanding of which processes are impractical even though they wouldn't go against the fundamental principle of energy conservation.
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C2H2 + O2 CO2 + H2O what is being reduced and what is being oxidized?
In the chemical reaction C2H2 + O2 CO2 + H2O, the compound C2H2 is being oxidized, while the compound O2 is being reduced. This is because, in an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance that is being oxidized (in this case, C2H2) is losing electrons, while the substance that is being reduced (in this case, O2) is gaining electrons.
Match each Earth and space science discipline to its description.
geology
environmental science
astronomy
the study of the space around
Earth and within the universe,
including meteoroids and
galaxies that are trillions of
miles away
the study of Earth's rocky surface
to determine when and how
Earth was formed and how
its surface is changing
the study of the complex interactions
taking place between living organisms
and Earth's nonliving systems
In this reaction, how does the rate of forward reaction vary with the concentration of the product?
2H2S(g) ⇌ 2H2(g) + S2(g)
The rate of the forward reaction increase with a decrease in the concentration of the product.
What is Le chatelier's principle?According to Le chatelier's principle, by increasing the rate of chemical reaction then the equilibrium of the reaction will shift towards the low concentration side. On decreasing the rate of reaction then the equilibrium of the reaction shifts towards the high-concentration side.
The effect on the rate of forward chemical reaction to the concentration of the product.
The rate of forward reaction will increase when the concentration of the product decreases. The rate of forward reaction will decrease when the concentration of the product will be increased.
The rate of the forward reaction is also affected by the concentration of the reactant. The rate of forward reaction will increase when the concentration of reactant will increase. The rate of forward reaction will decrease when the concentration of the reactant will decrease.
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indicate whether the following reaction involves c–o or o–h bond cleavage of the alcohol molecule.
The following reaction involves (1) C–O bond cleavage of the alcohol molecule.
When extreme circumstances and an abundance of hydrogen halides are present, the C-O bond in ethers can be broken. Two molecules of alkyl halide are produced as a byproduct of the process involving dialkyl ether. Because of the increased strength of the aryl-oxygen bond, the alkyl-oxygen bond in alkyl aryl ethers is the point of cleavage. The reaction results in the production of phenol and alkyl halide.
As we can see in the given mechanism, after the first step, an intermediate C-O bond is broken by the Br⁻ ion in alcohol, which is an incoming ion via the SN2 mechanism. At this stage, the O-H bond is not broken; only the C-O bond is broken.
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