the main cause of the increase in the amount of co2 in earth's atmosphere over the past 170 years is . increased infrared radiation absorption by the atmosphere increased worldwide fertilizer production increased
the burning of larger amounts of wood and fossil fuels
An extracted and burned fossil fuel[a] is a hydrocarbon-containing substance that naturally originated in the Earth's crust from the remains of extinct plants and animals. Coal, oil, and natural gas are the three primary fossil fuels. Fossil fuels can be used to produce energy, power engines (like internal combustion engines in cars), or supply heat for immediate use (such for cooking or heating). Before burning, some fossil fuels are processed to produce derivatives like kerosene, gasoline, and propane. The anaerobic decomposition of buried deceased animals that contained organic molecules produced by photosynthesis is the source of fossil fuels. [4] The geological process that transforms these elements into high-carbon fossil fuels often takes millions of years.
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Which pair of aqueous solutions, when mixed, will form a precipitate?-NaNO3 and AgC2H3O2-K3PO4 and NH4Cl-NaOH and KCl-NaOH and ZnCl2
The offered assertion claims that a mixture of the aqueous solutions of KCl and NaO will result in the formation of a precipitate.
What distinguishes water from aqueous media?The word "aqueous" in an equation denotes a substance that is disseminated in fluids (a solution in water). For instance, sodium chloride aqueous solution is produced by adding sodium hydroxide solution to diluted hydrochloric acid. When liquid is used to describe a reaction, liquid substances are formed.
Do you mean liquid by aqueous?Liquids that are practically incompressible are classified as liquids, whereas aqueous liquids are those in which water serves as the solvent. This is the main distinction between liquids and aqueous fluids. Electrolytes are a sort of liquid as a result.
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Answer the following questions about structure and bonding. (a) Which of the following tetrafluoride compounds is nonpolar? Use Lewis electron-dot structures to explain your conclusions. SiF4 SF4 XeF4 (b) Rank the following compounds in order of increasing melting point. Explain your answer. Lewis electron-dot structures may aid you. SnF2 SeF2 KrF2 (c) Use Lewis electron-dot structures to show why the carbon-oxygen bonds in the oxalate ion (C20%) are all equal. (d) When PCl, is dissolved in a polar solvent, the solution conducts electricity. Explain why. Use an appropriate chemical equation to illustrate your answer. a
The final equation is PCl3(aq) → PCl4-(aq) + Cl-(aq)
(a) All tetrafluoride compounds listed are non-polar. This is due to the symmetrical distribution of electrons all around the central atom, as shown by the Lewis electron point structure.
SiF4:
F
|
F-Si-F
|
F
SF4:
F
|
S-F
|
F
XeF4:
F
|
Xe-F
|
F
(b) The ascending order of melting points for the listed compounds is as follows:
SnF2< SeF2< KrF2. This is because the intermolecular force increases as the size of the atom increases. SnF2 has the smallest atoms. In other words, it has the weakest intermolecular forces and the lowest melting point. Since SeF2 has slightly larger atoms, it has slightly stronger intermolecular forces and a higher melting point. KrF2 has the largest atom, the strongest intermolecular forces and the highest melting point.
(c) The carbon-oxygen bonds of the oxalate ion (C20%) are all the same as the central carbon atom is attached to her two oxygen atoms and both of these bonds are double bonds . The Lewis electron point structure of the oxalate ion is:
O=C=O
(d) When PCl3 is dissolved in a polar solvent, the solution conducts electricity because the PCl3 molecules in the solution dissociate into ions. The dissociation process is represented by the following chemical formula:
PCl3(aq) → PCl4-(aq) + Cl-(aq)
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If the reactants of a reaction are HCI and NaOH, what could be a product?
OA. NO₂
OB. HC104
O C. Na₂CO3
OD. NaCl
If the reactants of a reaction are HCI and NaOH, Na₂CO3 be a product.HCl and NaOH are the reactants.
The chemical reaction between being an acid and a base is quite frequent. Water and a binary or ternary salt are the only byproducts of this reaction, which is also known as a neutralization or double replacement reaction.
For this issue, HCl serves as the acid and NaOH serves as the base.
NaOH + HCl →NaCl + H2O.
Neutralization Reactions
A very significant family of chemical reactions known as neutralisation reactions occurs when the effect or action of an acid is neutralised by the a base and vice versa. As a result of their reaction, an acid and a base produce heat as well as salt and water. Water is actually created through neutralisation reactions between the acid proton from of the acid as well as the base's hydroxyl group (H+ and OH- combine to make H2O). The quantities of the person to be taken depend on the amounts of the base and acid.
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a student combines a solution of nacl(aq) with a solution of agno3(aq) , and a precipitate forms. question which of the following is evidence that ionic bonds formed during the precipitation?
Student combines a solution of NaCl (aq)with a solution of AgNO₃ (aq), and a precipitate forms evidence that ionic bonds formed during the precipitation is The precipitate has a high melting point. The correct answer is C.
Ions with opposing charges join together to create ionic bonds. The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions cause them to melt at a high temperature.
What happens when precipitation reaction occurs?In ionic or aqueous solutions, the precipitation reaction takes place. Since the ions actively participate in the reaction and produce the product, precipitation reactions are also referred to as ionic reactions. Temperature, solution concentration, buffer solution, and other factors all affect how these reactions behave.
Precipitates are the insoluble salts created during precipitation reactions. Precipitation reactions are often double displacement events that result in the formation of the precipitate, a solid form of residue.
Ionic linkage. If an atom receives electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion (cation), but if it loses them, it becomes a positively charged ion (cation) ( anion ). Following is a quick discussion on ionic bonds. To learn more, go to chemical bonding: the ionic bonding process.
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was
A student combines a solution of NaCl(aq)NaCl(aq) with a solution of AgNO3(aq)AgNO3(aq), and a precipitate forms. Which of the following is evidence that ionic bonds formed during the precipitation?
A) The resulting solution is colorless.
B) The resulting solution conducts electricity.
C) The precipitate has a high melting point.
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Fill in the Blank.
Mass - measured in Kilograms or _____. Tells the amount of matter in an object.
it's Gram because why not
Hello, Tia! Mass is measured in kilograms or grams. It tells the amount of matter in an object.
Please give me brainliest for more high quality answers! - longstretch
(c) Copper sulfate is produced during the extraction of copper from the Earth's crust. Copper is produced from copper sulfate solution using iron. The word equation for the reaction is: copper sulfate + iron →→→iron sulfate + copper From the equation a company calculated that 648 kg of copper sulfate are needed to produce 617 kg of iron sulfate and 258 kg of copper. Calculate the mass of iron needed to make 258 kg of copper. Mass= kg (2)
Hellpppppp
One mole or 55.8 g of iron is required to produce one mole or 63.5 g of copper. Thus, mass of iron required to produce 258 Kg of copper is 215 Kg.
What is copper?Copper is a transition metal which is a good thermal and electrical conductor. Copper sulphate reacts with metallic iron forming ferrous sulphate and copper metal as the reaction written here:
[tex]\rm CuSO_{4} + Fe \rightarrow FeSO_{4} + Cu[/tex]
Atomic mass of Fe = 55.8 g/mol
Atomic mass of Cu = 63.5 g/mol
As per the reaction 55.8 g or 0.05 Kg of Fe produces 0.06 Kg of Cu. Thus, mass of Fe needed to produce 258 Kg of Cu is:
= (258 Kg × 0.05 Kg) / 0.06 Kg
= 215 Kg.
Thus, 215 Kg of Fe is required to produce 258 Kg of copper.
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54.8 L of hydrogen gas is combined with excess oxygen at STP. What mass of water
should be produced?
The mass of water that should be produced from 54.8 L of hydrogen gas in the presence of excess oxygen at STP should be 36 grams.
Stoichiometric problemThe equation when hydrogen and oxygen gas combine to form water is written as:
[tex]2H_2 + O_2 -- > 2 H_2O[/tex]
From the equation of the reaction, the ratio of hydrogen gas that reacts to the water that is formed is 1:1.
At STP, 1 mole of a gas is equivalent to 22.4 L of the gas. Thus, 54.8 L of hydrogen will be equivalent to:
22.4 L = 1 mol
54.8 L = 54.8 x 1/22.4
= 2 mol
With moles of hydrogen gas, 2 moles of water will also be formed.
Recall that: mass = mole x molar mass
The molar mass of water is 18 g/mol.
Thus, the mass of 2 moles of water can be calculated as:
Mass = 2 x 18
= 36 grams
Thus, 36 grams of water will be formed when 65.8 L of hydrogen gas reacts with excess oxygen.
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What is the pH of an aqueous solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of [H+] = 6.2 x 10-6 M?
pH =
Answer: 5.2
Explanation:
[tex]\text{pH}=-\log([\text{H}^{+}])\\\\=-\log(6.2 \times 10^{-6})\\\\=5.2[/tex]
The boiling points for a set of compounds in a homologous series can be qualitatively predicted using intermolecular force strengths. Using their condensed structural formulas, rank the homologous series for a set of alkanes by their boiling point Rank from highest to lowest boiling point. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
The decreasing order for the boiling point will be: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 > CH3CH2CCH2CH3CH3 > CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3 > CH3CH2CH2CH3
What is meant by boiling points?Boiling point can be described as the temperature that is responsible for the conversion of liquid state to vapor state. The boiling point is dependent on the molar mass and branching. As all are alkanes, the force is the same.
As Heptane is the straight hydrocarbon has highest boiling point.
3,3-dimethylpentane has 7 carbon chained branched hydrocarbon, therefore, boiling point increased.
Hexane is straight hydrocarbon but has a low molecular weight, so the boiling point increased further.
As butane has 4 carbon straight chains, therefore it has the lowest boiling point.
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Note: the question given on portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question: The boiling points for a set of compounds in a homologous series can be qualitatively predicted using intermolecular force strengths. Using their condensed structural formulas, rank the homologous series for a set of alkanes by their boiling point. Rank from highest to lowest boiling point. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
a)CH3CH2CH2CH3
b) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3
c) CH3CH2CCH2CH3CH3
d)CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
A 26.7-g sample of liquid water at 26.0 °C is mixed with 41.7 g of water at 93.7 °C. The final temperature of the water is ________ °C.
The final temperature of the water is equal to 67 °C.
How to determine the final temperature of a mixture?The amount of heat required to heat the given amount of sample to a certain temperature can be calculated as:
Amount of absorption of heat = m ×S ×T
The final temperature of the mixture when two samples of different amounts and at different temperatures are mixed together is calculated as:
[tex]{\displaystyle T_f =\frac{m_1T_1+m_2T_2}{m_1+m_2}[/tex]
Given, the sample of water, m₁ = 26.7 g at temperature, T₁ = 26°C
The sample of water, m₂ = 41.7 g at temperature, T₁ = 93.7°C
The final temperature of the mixture will be:
[tex]{\displaystyle T_f =\frac{26.1 \times 26 + 41.7 \times 93.7}{26.7 + 41.7}[/tex]
T = 67°C
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According to measurements taken in the 1990s, the levels of inorganic nitrogen in Arctic ecosystems were substantially lower than the amount of nitrogen actually taken up by plants. Which of the following is a possible explanation for this pattern?
Arctic sedges can take up organic forms of nitrogen.
The levels of inorganic nitrogen in Arctic ecosystems were substantially lower than the amount of nitrogen actually taken up by plants as : Arctic sedges can take up organic forms of nitrogen.
What is Arctic ecosystem?Arctic is a unique ecosystem with complex food web made up of organisms adapted to extreme conditions and is one of the most biologically productive ecosystems supporting many large fisheries and migratory birds that come to the Arctic in the summer to breed.
Nitrogen lack is related to the soil type. Excessive irrigation and heavy rains causes nitrogen deficiency because of overwatering. Lack of soil moisture hinders the absorption of water-soluble nutrients by plant roots.
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The following equation can be used to represent the formation of carbon monoxide from carbon and oxygen
2C+02-2CO
The reaction supports the conservation of mass principle because the
The reaction supports the conservation of mass principle because the number of atoms of different elements before and after the reaction is balanced.
Law of conservation of massThe law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed during the course of reactions. However, the mass can be converted into other forms during the course of reactions.
This law is extended to atoms and matters as well.
Thus, when you consider the equation highlighted:
[tex]2C + O_2 --- > 2CO[/tex]
One can see that there are 2 carbon atoms before and after the reaction. Also, there are 2 oxygen atoms before and after the reaction.
Thus, the equation is a balanced equation and a balanced reaction supports the law of conservation of mass, matter, or atoms.
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co2 extinguishers should never be used in a confined space unless the user is wearing proper respiratory protection, such as a supplied-air respirator (sar) or a self-contained breathing apparatus (scba)
Sudden increase in carbon pollution poses a threat to anybody utilizing a CO2 shooter in a constrained space. Because oxygen is replaced by Dioxide, an asphyxiant, more rapidly in a tiny space than in a larger one.
Explain what an extinguisher is.In order to stop a fire from spreading, smoke detectors use a substance to reduce the heat of the flames, smother the fuel, or cut off the oxygen supply. If used by a competent person, a portable fire suppression system may swiftly put out a minor fire.
What kinds of extinguishers are there?Types of various classes of fire extinguishers. The six primary types of fire extinguishers are wet chemical, water, foam, Carbon dioxide, powder, and water mist.
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What temperature (in °C) did an ideal gas shift to if it was initially at -13.00 °C at 4.620 atm and 35.00 L and the pressure was changed to 8.710 atm and the volume changed to 15.00 L?
Considering the combined gas law, the final temperature of the ideal gas is -62.93°C.
Boyle's lawBoyle's law states that the pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container, when the temperature is constant.
The mathematical expression of this law is:
P×V= k
where:
P is the pressure.V is the volume.k is a constant.Charles' lawCharles' law states that the volume of a gas in a closed container is directly proportional to the temperature, when the pressure is constant.
The mathematical expression of this law is:
V÷T=k
where:
V is the volume.T is the temperature.k is a constant.Gay-Lussac's lawGay-Lussac's law states that the pressure of a gas in a closed container is directly proportional to the temperature, when the pressure is constant.
The mathematical expression of this law is:
P÷T=k
where:
P is the pressure.T is the temperature.k is a constant.Combined gas lawCombined law equation is the combination of three gas laws called Boyle's, Charlie's and Gay-Lusac's law:
(P×V)÷T=k
where:
V is the volume.P is the pressure.T is the temperature.k is a constant.Analyzing an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is fulfilled:
(P₁×V₁)÷T₁= (P₂×V₂)÷T₂
New temperature in this caseIn this case, you know:
P₁= 4.62 atmV₁= 35 LT₁= -13 °C= 260 K (being 0°C= 273 K)P₂= 8.710 atmV₂= 15 LT₂= ?Replacing in the combined gas law:
(4.62 atm× 35 L)÷ 260 K= (8.71 atm× 15 L)÷T₂
Solving:
[(4.62 atm× 35 L)÷ 260 K]×T₂= 8.71 atm× 15 L
T₂= (8.71 atm× 15 L)÷ [(4.62 atm× 35 L)÷ 260 K]
T₂= 210.07 K= -62.93 °C
Finally, the temperature is -62.93°C.
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use the appropriate standard reduction potentials below to determine the equilibrium constant at 401 k for the following reaction under acidic conditions.
The equilibrium constant of the redox reaction system is gotten as 3.67 * 10^11.
What is the equilibrium constant at 401 K?We know that the equation as it is a redox reaction. We would need to obtain the standard electrode potential of the cell and use this information to get the free energy of the system. Then we can now substitute values to get the equilibrium constant.
Now;
ΔG = -nFEcell
ΔG =Change in free energy
n = Number of moles of electrons
F = Faraday's of electricity
Ecell = Cell potential
Ecell = 1.23 V - 0.770 V
= 0.46 V
Then;
ΔG = -(2 * 96500 * 0.46)
ΔG = -88780 kJ/mol
Now we have;
ΔG = -RTlnK
R = gas constant
T = temperature
K = equilibrium constant
-88780 = -(8.314 * 401 * lnK)
lnK = -88780/ -(8.314 * 401)
lnK = 26.6
K = 3.67 * 10^11
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Does anyone have the table for the Calorimetry and Specific Heat lab?
Answer:
Explanation:
I did the lab
What is VSEPR theory?
[tex][\huge\color{cyan}\boxed{\colorbox{red}{ANSWER}}[/tex]
The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model is often abbreviated as VSEPR (pronounced “vesper”).
It is basically a model to predict the geometry of molecules. Specifically, VSEPR models look at the bonding and molecular geometry of organic molecules and polyatomic ions. It is useful for nearly all compounds that have a central atom that is not a metal.
Explanation:
Importance of VSEPR Models:-Lewis structures only tell the number and types of bonds between atoms, as they are limited to two dimensions. The VSEPR model predicts the 3-D shape of molecules and ions but is ineffective in providing any specific information regarding the bond length or the bond itself.VSEPR models are based on the concept that electrons around a central atom will configure themselves to minimize repulsion, and that dictates the geometry of the molecule.It can predict the shape of nearly all compounds that have a central atom, as long as the central atom is not a metal. Each shape has a name and an idealized bond angle associated with it.[tex]\small\color{red}\boxed{\colorbox{blue}{ BOARINGBOY}}[/tex]
How many grams of a gas with a molar mass 36.02 g/mol would be required to occupy a 3828 mL flask at 0.97 atm and 81.1 degrees Celcius? Record your answer in scientific notation to 2 decimal spaces.
A 3828 mL flask is occupied by 4.89 g of a gas with a molar mass of 36.02 g/mol at 0.97 atm and 81.1 °C.
What is molar mass ?The mass of a sample of a chemical compound divided by the quantity, or number of moles in the sample, measured in moles, is known as the molar mass of that compound. The molar mass of a substance is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.
Step 1. Convert 81.7 °C to Kelvin.
We will use the following expression.
K = °C + 273.15
= 81.1 + 273.15
= 354.9 K
Step 2. Calculate the moles of the gas.
We will use the ideal gas equation.
P × V = n × R × T
n = P × V / R × T
n = 0.97 atm × 3.828 L / (0.08206 atm.L/mol.K) × 354.9 K
= 0.136 mol
Step 3. Calculate the mass of the gas.
The molar mass of the gas is 36.02 g/mol.
0.136 mol × 36.02 g/mol
= 4.89 g
Thus, A 3828 mL flask is occupied by 4.89 g of a gas with a molar mass of 36.02 g/mol at 0.97 atm and 81.1 °C.
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The required mass of the gas is 4.61 g.
What is ideal gas law?The equation of state for a hypothetical ideal gas is known as the ideal gas law. Despite its many flaws, it is a good approximation of the behavior of several gases under various circumstances.
Given that the volume of the gas: V = 3828 mL = 3.828 L.
Pressure: P = 0.97 atm.
Temperature: T = 81.1 °C = (273+81.1) K = 354.1 K.
Then from ideal gas equation: PV = nRT
Where: R = universal gas constant = 0.082 atm L/mol.K
Required amount of gas: n = PV/RT
= (3.828*0.97)/(0.082*354.1) mol
= 0.13 mol.
Hence, for a gas with a molar mass 36.02 g/mol, the mass of gas
= 0.13 mo l* 36.02 g/mol
= 4.61 g.
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I need help asap please
The volume of KOH in the given reaction is 0.0052 L or 5.2 mL
What is molarity?Concentration is one of the most familiar and important parameters for those working with chemicals and reactions. It measures how much substance is dissolved in a given amount of solution. Chemists use a variety of units to express concentration. However, the term molarity, also known as molarity, is the most common way of expressing concentration. When reactants (compounds) are expressed in moles, chemical reactions can be expressed in whole numbers. This makes it easy to manipulate amounts.
Molarity describes the concentration of a solution. It is defined as the number of moles of substance or solute dissolved per liter of solution (not per liter of solvent!).
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
Where, M₁ = Concentration of H₂SO₄ (0.11 M)
V₁ = Volume of of H₂SO₄ (0.0114 L)
M₂ = Concentration of KOH (0.24 M)
V₂ = Volume of KOH
Now, substitute the values:
0.11 × 0.0114 = 0.24 × V₂
V₂ = 0.0052 L or 5.2 mL
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How many atoms of carbon (C) are in 0.04 g of carbon?
Answer:
[tex]2.01x10^{21}atoms\ C[/tex]
Explanation:
First, find the atomic mass of carbon (12.01 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]). Then use this value and Avogadro's number ([tex]6.022x10^{23}[/tex]) to convert grams to atoms:
[tex]0.04g\ C(\frac{1\ mol\ C}{12.01\ g\ C})(\frac{6.022x10^{23} atoms\ C}{1\ mol\ C})=2.01x10^{21}atoms\ C[/tex]
Compared to the circumference of the Earth Measured at Equator, the circumference of Earth measured through the poles is
Compared to the circumference of the Earth Measured at the Equator, the circumference of the Earth measured through the poles is slightly smaller.
What is the circumference of a circle or sphere?The circumference of a circle or sphere is the distance around the sphere or circle.
The circumference of the Earth varies from the equator to the North or South Poles.
The reason is that the shape of the earth is not completely spherical, but is elliptical.
Hence, at the North and South poles, the circumference of the earth is smaller than at the equator.
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When boiling water on a natural gas (methane) burner, which of the following processes converts chemical potential energy to heat?
A. methane is burning
B. the combustion reaction between methane and oxygen C. Combustion of hydrocarbons, such as the methane in natural gas
D. releases large amounts of heat because the chemical bonds being formed are stronger than the bonds broken.
The processes that converts chemical potential energy to heat is: C. Combustion of hydrocarbons, such as the methane in natural gas.
The Benefits of Utilizing Natural Gas for Boiling WaterBoiling water is a necessary task for a variety of purposes, and natural gas is a powerful and reliable source of energy used for this purpose. Natural gas is a clean and efficient energy source that can be used to heat homes, water, and even cook food. It is also an environmentally friendly alternative to other energy sources, such as coal and oil, which are more harmful to the environment. This essay will discuss the benefits of utilizing natural gas for boiling water.
One of the primary advantages of using natural gas for boiling water is its affordability. Natural gas is a relatively inexpensive fuel source, and it is also easy to access. As a result, it is a cost-effective way to boil water, as it is more cost-effective than other fuel sources, such as electricity and propane. In addition, natural gas is a clean fuel source, as it does not generate any harmful emissions when burned. This makes it an ideal choice for boiling water, as it does not contribute to air pollution.
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Determine the mass percentage of carbon, C, hydrogen, H, and oxygen, O, in C₈H₁₆O₂.
Answer:
C = 67%
O = 22%
H = 11%
Explanation:
Given C = 12, O = 16, H = 1
C8 = 8(12) = 96
O2 = 2(16) = 32
H16 = 16(1) = 16
Total molar mass = 96 + 32 + 16 = 144
% of C = 96/144 = 0.67 = 67%
% of O = 32/144 = 0.22 = 22%
% of H = 16/144 = 0.11 = 11%
an abc fire extinguisher that uses a dry chemical solution, is suitable for extinguishing electrical fires
For use with fires involving common combustibles, flammable liquids, and powered electrical equipment, an extinguisher with an ABC rating is appropriate.
Monoammonium phosphate, a dry chemical, is used in ABC Fire Extinguishers to quickly put out a variety of fires by smothering the flames. All three types of fire can be extinguished using this light yellow powder: Paper, wood, and rubbish are all in Class A. Gases and liquids fall under Class B. Oil, textiles, paper, liquid, and electrical fires can all be extinguished with dry chemical fire extinguishers. This is the best fire extinguisher to keep on hand so that you can put out various fires quickly and safely. There are mostly two kinds: ABE The types A, B, and E are handled.
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A meteorologist noticed a strong low pressure system (yellow circle in this image) moving into the state of California. What is the most likely forecast for California?
A. clear and calm
B. drought conditions with sunny skies
C. windy with rainy conditions
D. several days without rain or wind
Option(A) clear and calm is the most likely forecast for California.
What is forecasting in climate?
Climate predictions anticipate weather averages and other climatic features from a few weeks to a few years in advance. Forecasters are increasingly making such predictions using detailed models of the Earth's climate system.
How would you describe California weather?
The majority of California has a Mediterranean-like climate, with warm, dry summers and moderate, rainy winters. The typical daily high temperature on the coast is approximately 70°F and higher, but can occasionally reach 80°F or more on the warmest summer days; freezing temperatures are uncommon, even in January.
Hence Option(A) is a correct answer.
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A sample of gas has an initial volume of 5.6L at a pressure of 757mmHg. If the volume of the gas is increased to 9.0L , what will the pressure be?
A sample of gas has an initial volume of 5.6L at a pressure of 757mm Hg. If the volume of the gas is increased to 9.0L, then the pressure will be 438 mm Hg.
What is Boyle's gas law formula?This empirical relationship, established in 1662 by physicist Robert Boyle, indicates that the pressure (p) of a given quantity of gas changes inversely with its volume (v) at constant temperature; in equation form, pv = k, a constant.
Given that,
initial volume (V₁) = 5.6 L
final volume (V₂) = 9.0 L
initial pressure (P₁) = 757 mm Hg
final pressure (P₂) = ?
As, we know
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
now, putting the values:
757 mm Hg × 5.6 L = P₂ × 9.0 L
P₂ = 438 mm Hg
The pressure becomes: 438 mm Hg
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The effective nuclear charge, Zeff, experienced by valence electrons in an atom can be estimated from the equation:
Zeff = the number of protons – the number of core electrons
Using this estimation, effective nuclear charge for Main Group elements would ___ left to right across a period and ___ down a group.
Effective nuclear charge for Main Group elements would increases left to right across a period and decreases down a group.
What is effective nuclear charge?Effective nuclear charge is the positive charge that nuclear protons have and that attracts valence electrons. Due to the shielding effect, the effective nuclear charge is always smaller than the total number of protons present in a nucleus.
Over time, effective nuclear charge increases but electron shielding stays the same. This draws the electron cloud closer to the nucleus, increasing the nuclear attraction to the outermost electron and making removal more difficult (requires more energy).
As we travel down the group, electrons are added to a new orbital, increasing the atomic size and decreasing the impact of the nucleus on the outermost electron, resulting in a lower value of the effective nuclear charge.
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in the titration of a diprotic acid with naoh ... the volume of naoh solution used to reach the first equivalence point is half the volume of naoh used to go from the first equivalence point to the second equivalence point. the volume of naoh solution used to reach the first equivalence point is equal to the volume of naoh used to go from the first equivalence point to the second equivalence point. the volume of naoh solution used to reach the first equivalence point is twice the volume of naoh used to go from the first equivalence point to the second equivalence point. the volume of naoh solution used to reach either the first or second equivalence point depends on the volume of the beaker used in the titration.
The correct option is c)the volume of the NaOH solution used to reach the first equivalence point is twice the volume of NaOH used to go from the first equivalence point to the second equivalence point.
A titration is a type of experiment that is used to determine the amount of a certain substance contained in a sample. A diprotic acid is an acid that can donate two protons (H+) per molecule. When performing a titration of a diprotic acid with NaOH, there are two equivalence points, or points when the number of moles of acid is equal to the number of moles of base.
The first equivalence point occurs when all of the acids have been neutralized, while the second equivalence point occurs when the excess base has been neutralized. The volume of NaOH solution used to reach the first equivalence point is twice the volume of NaOH used to go from the first equivalence point to the second equivalence point.
This is because, for each mole of acid, two moles of the base are required to reach the first equivalence point, while for each mole of acid, only one mole of the base is required to reach the second equivalence point. Therefore, twice as much base is required to reach the first equivalence point compared to the second equivalence point. The volume of the beaker used in the titration does not affect the amount of NaOH used to reach either the first or second equivalence point.
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22. What is the central idea of "A Brief History of DDT"?
The central idea is to combat malaria, typhus, and other insect-borne human diseases among both military and civilian populations.
The full form of DDT is Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane.
DDT is an insecticide used in agriculture. The United States banned the use of DDT in 1972. Some countries outside the United States still use DDT to control mosquitoes that spread malaria.
It also was effective for insect control in crop and livestock production, institutions, homes, and gardens. DDT's quick success as a pesticide and broad use in the United States and other countries led to the development of resistance by many insect pest species.
DDT is:
known to be very persistent in the environment,will accumulate in fatty tissues, andcan travel long distances in the upper atmosphere.To know more about DDT:
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Sodium carbonate is a reagent that may be used to standardize acids in the same way you used KHP in the experiment. In such a standardization, it was found that 0.512 g sample of sodium carbonate required 26.30 ml of a sulfuric acid solution to reach the end point of the reaction.
0.1825 M is the concentration of H2SO4
To do this, let's write equation again:
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 ---------> H2O + CO2 + Na2SO4
As we can see, equation is already balanced and we can also see that mole ratio between the acid and the carbonate is 1:1, this means that moles of the acid, would be the same moles of carbonate, therefore, we can use the following expression:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ (1)
1: Is the carbonate
2: is the acid
To get the concentration of acid, we need to calculate the moles of carbonate used. This can be done using the molecular mass of sodium carbonate, which is 105.9888 g/mol, so the moles:
n₁ = 0.512/105.9888 = 0.0048 moles
Now that we have moles, we can use (1) and calculate the concentration of acid.
We know :
n₁ = M₁V₁ (2)
Replacing in (1) we have:
n₁ = M₂V₂
M₂ = n₁ / V₂ (3)
Now all we have to do is replace values and solve for concentration:
M₂ = 0.0048 / (0.02630) = 0.1825 M
This is concentration (molarity) of the H2SO4
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