g ethyl butyrate is produced in 70% yield once equilibrium is established under the conditions above. describe briefly two different things you could do to increase the yield of ester beyond 70%.

The type of bond that will result if the atom Cs and F combine will be an electrovalent bond or ionic bond.

Caesium belongs to Group 1 in the periodic table with an electronegativity of 0.79.

Group 1 elements are also known as alkali metals.

And the other compound which is mentioned in the question is Fluorine F. It belongs to the family of halogen with electronegativity of 4.0. Group 7 in the periodic table is halogen family.

As their is high electronegativity difference between group 1 metals and group 7 elements so ionic bond is formed between them

Therefore, Cs and F form Cs F via electrovalent bonding or ionic bonding with one another.

Your question is incomplete most probably your full question was

What type of bond will result if the atoms below combine? The electronegativity of each atom is given.

Cs0.79

F4.0

Learn more about ionic bond here:

brainly.com/question/11527546

#SPJ4

70/ 2(t/30) mg is the mass that remains after t years, the half-life of cesium-137 is 30 years. suppose we have a 70-mg sample.

Now we have to calculate the mass that remains after 't' years.

As we are given that,

a o= 70 mg

t 1/2= 30 years

Now put all the given values in formula , we get:

a=a0/2(t/t/2)

a= 70/2(t/30) mg

The delicate, golden-colored metal caesium is immediately attacked by air and reacts violently with water. As a drilling fluid, caesium compounds are most frequently used. Additionally, they are employed to produce special optical glass, as a catalytic promoter, in vacuum tubes, and radiation detection apparatus. The universal time standard is also a result of cesium isotopes. Because of this, they are utilised in atomic clocks for cell phone networks, the internet, GPS, and aviation guiding systems.

Learn more about cesium here:

https://brainly.com/question/29132590

#SPJ4

The formula for a polysaccharide that consists of five monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis is D. C30H52O26.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharides, or simple sugars, linked together by glycosidic bonds. Dehydration synthesis, also known as condensation, is a chemical reaction in which two molecules are joined together by the loss of a water molecule, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond.

The formula C30H52O26 represents a polysaccharide that consists of five monosaccharides with the formula C6H12O6, which is the formula for glucose. When monosaccharides are joined together through dehydration synthesis, the resulting polysaccharide has a formula that is a multiple of the monosaccharide formula. In this case, the polysaccharide consists of five monosaccharides, so its formula is 5 times the formula for a single monosaccharide, or 5 x C6H12O6 = C30H52O26.

A. C6H12O6 is the formula for a single monosaccharide, such as glucose.

B. CaOH.C is not a valid chemical formula.

To know more about polysaccharides visit :

https://brainly.com/question/14241111?referrer=searchResults

#SPJ4

The formula for a polysaccharide that consists of five monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis is D. C30H52O26.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharides, or simple sugars, linked together by glycosidic bonds. Dehydration synthesis, also known as condensation, is a chemical reaction in which two molecules are joined together by the loss of a water molecule, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond.

The formula C30H52O26 represents a polysaccharide that consists of five monosaccharides with the formula C6H12O6, which is the formula for glucose. When monosaccharides are joined together through dehydration synthesis, the resulting polysaccharide has a formula that is a multiple of the monosaccharide formula. In this case, the polysaccharide consists of five monosaccharides, so its formula is 5 times the formula for a single monosaccharide, or 5 x C6H12O6 = C30H52O26.

A. C6H12O6 is the formula for a single monosaccharide, such as glucose.

B. CaOH.C is not a valid chemical formula.

To know more about polysaccharides visit :

brainly.com/question/14241111?referrer=searchResults

#SPJ4

The freezing point of water after NaCl has been dissolved in it is determined to be - 0.26°C. This solution has a 0.02 mol molarity.

The molality is the proportion of solute, in your case sodium chloride, NaCl, to solvent, in this case water, expressed as the number of moles per kilogram.

Utilizing the substance's molar mass will allow you to determine how many moles of sodium chloride are present in the sample. 25g = 1 mole of NaCl; 58.44g = 0.42 moles of NaCl

You then understand that you are dissolving many moles of sodium chloride in 20 kg of water.

To determine how many moles of solute are present in 1 kilogram of water, utilize the composition of this solution.

0.428 moles of NaCl per kilogram of water. 20 kg water

= 0.0214 moles of sodium chloride

= 0.02 mol

For more information on molarity kindly visit to

https://brainly.com/question/30059052

#SPJ4

2.00 × 10⁻³ g grams of na2co3 are required to react with 0.0118 moles of cocl2.6h2o

Explanation:

Write the balanced decomposition reaction in step one.

2 NaHCO3 = Na2CO3, CO2, and H2O

Step 2: Determine the moles needed to equal 0.0118 g of Na2CO3.

Na2CO3 has a molar mass of 105.99 g/mol.

1.11 104 mol is equal to 0.0118 g 1 mol/105.99 g.

Step 3: Determine how many moles of H2O were created by using 1.11 104 moles of Na2CO3.

Na2CO3 and water have a molar ratio of 1:1. There are 1.11 x 104 moles of H2O created from 1 mole of water.

Step 4: Determine the mass equal to 1.11 104 moles of water.

H2O has a molar mass of 18.02 g/mol.

18.02 g/mol divided by 1.11 104 mol yields 2.00 103 g.

Learn more about Na2CO3 here:

https://brainly.com/question/15674727

#SPJ4

Due to a phenomenon known as diamagnetic anisotropy, aromatic protons emit signal(s) in the range of 7-8 ppm.

In aromatic compounds with resonance in the 7–8 ppm range, this impact is more prominent. A ring current is the term for the movement of the p electrons in benzene, and it induces an extra magnetic field that helps the protons. While the signals attributable to its aromatic carbons were seen in the range from 128 to 133 ppm, those for the aromatic phthalate ring protons were seen in the range from 7.63 to 7.82 ppm. ... the cis/trans-cyclohexylene CH carbon signals were detected in the range of 70.8 to 72.3 ppm.

To know more about aromatic  please click on the link brainly.com/question/14651665

#SPJ4

Isoelectronic sequence, from smallest to largest radius: Na+, O2, F, Al3+, Mg2+. The ionic radii of isoelectronic species increase as the magnitudes of nuclear charge decrease.

'what is ionic radii?'

The ionic radius is the distance from an ions nucleus that it can influence its electron cloud.

Ions are produced when an atom gets or loses electrons. When an electron is lost, an atom becomes a cation, and when an electron is acquired, an anion. The ionic radius is the distance between an ion's nucleus and its outermost shell.

The atomic size of a cation will be less than that of its parent atom. An ion's size is often larger than that of its parent atom.

know more about nucleus here

https://brainly.com/question/17704494#

#SPJ4

The total pressure of the mixture is 359.5 torr, that is calculated by using ideal gas equation.

Volume of N2, V1=4.0 L

Pressure of N2, P1=450 Torr=450/760 atm

Thus, number of moles of N2, n1= P1V1/RT

=(450/760)*4/0.082*338

=0.085 mol

Similarly,

Volume of O2, V2=3.5 L

Pressure of O2, P2=252 Torr=252/760 atm

Thus, number of moles of O2, n2= P2V2/RT

=(252/760)*3.5/0.082*338

=0.042 mol

Similarly,

Volume of CO2, V3=0.21 L

Pressure of CO2, P3=150 Torr=150/760 atm

Thus, number of moles of CO2, n3= P3V3/RT

=(2150/760)*30.21/0.082*338

=0.001 mol

Total number of moles = n1+n2+n3

=(0.085+0.042+0.21)

=0.128 mol

Total volume, V=7.5 L

Using, ideal gas law

Thus, total pressure, P=nRT/V

=0.128*0.082*338/7.5 atm

=0.473 atm

=0.473*760

=359.5 torr

To learn more about ideal gas check the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/27870704

#SPJ4

The mass of sodium sulfate required to form 250mL of a solution in which the concentration of sodium ion is 0.183M is 6.53 grams.

The mass of a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles in the substance by its molar mass as follows:

Mass = no of moles × molar mass

However, according to this question, sodium sulfate is has a solution with volume 250mL with a concentration of sodium ions of 0.183M. The no of moles must first be calculated as follows:

moles = 0.183 × 0.250 = 0.046moles

Mass of sodium sulfate = 0.046 × 142.04 g/mol = 6.53 grams.

Therefore, 6.53 grams is the mass of the sodium sulfate solution.

Learn more about mass at: https://brainly.com/question/16386473

#SPJ1

The mass of sodium sulfate required to form 250 mL of solution in which the concentration of sodium ions is 0.183 would be  3.25 grams.

Sodium sulfate is made up of sodium and sulfate ions according to the following equation:

[tex]Na_2SO_4 --- > 2Na^+ + SO_4^2^-[/tex]

From the equation above, a mole of sodium sulfate is made from 2 moles of sodium ions and 1 mole of sulfate ions.

Recall that: mole = molarity x volume

The mole of 0.183 M sodium ion in 250 mL os solution would be:

0.250 x 0.183 =  0.04575 mol

The equivalent mole of sodium sulfate would be:

0.04575/2 = 0.022875 mol

Recall that: mass = mole x molar mass

The molar mass of sodium sulfate is 142.04 g/mol

Mass of 0.022875 mol sodium sulfate = 0.022875 x 142.04

                                                                = 3.249165 grams

3.249165 grams to 3 significant figures = 3.25 grams.

Thus, the mass of sodium sulfate required would be 3.25 grams.

More on stoichiometric problems can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/14465605

#SPJ1

The mass of ammonia gas used in kg would be  1.02 kg..

Nitric (V) acid and ammonia gas react to form fertilizer according to the following balanced chemical equation:

[tex]HNO_3 + NH_3 -- > NH_4NO_3[/tex]

From the equation, the ratio of the ammonium nitrate produced to the ammonia gas used is 1:1.

The molar mass of [tex]NH_4NO_3[/tex] = 14 + 4 + 14 + 48 = 80 g/mol

Mole of 4800 kg  [tex]NH_4NO_3[/tex] = 4800/80 = 60 mol

Thus, the equivalent amount of ammonia that needs to react will also be 60 mol.

Molar mass of amonnia = 14 + 3 = 17 g/mol

Mass of 60 mol ammonia = 60 x 17

                                           = 1020 grams

1020 grams = 1020/1000

                    = 1.02 kg

In other words, the mass of ammonia gas used would be 1.02 kg.

More on stoichiometric problems can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/14465605

#SPJ1

The Molarity of the ethanoic acid in Vinegar is 0.83 M. This is calculated using the expression for molarity.

Molarity is used for expressing how much solute is present per unit volume of solution.

           Molarity (M)=n / V,

 where n is moles of solute and V is volume of solution in liters.

The mass percentage of ethanoic acid in vinegar is 5.00%.

This suggests that for 100 g of vinegar, 5 g of it is ethanoic acid and 95 g of it is water.

We also know that the molar mass of ethanoic acid is 60.052 g/mol.

let us consider 100 g of vinegar. For finding the molarity of ethanoic acid in vinegar, we need to find the number of moles of ethanoic acid and the volume of vinegar.

Moles of ethanoic acid in 100 g of vinegar,

n=Given mass of ethanoic acid / Molar mass of ethanoic acid

   = 5 gram / 60.052 g/ mole

   = 0.083 mole

so, the molarity of ethanoic acid is,

molarity = 0.083 mole / 0.1 L

             = 0.83 M

To learn more about Molarity please visit :

https://brainly.com/question/26873446

#SPJ4

T-Pentyl Chloride has a density of.8420 g/mL. T-pentyl chloride will float because it has a lower density than water, which has a density of 1.0 g/mL.

Since 2 chloro 2 methyl butane has a lower density than water, it cannot dissolve in water, leading to the formation of organic layers.The solvent 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane is used to synthesize pentane as well as other chemicals. It serves as a catalyst and a petrochemical additive when employed in organic synthesis. Originally, this Alfa Aesar product was sold under the Thermo Scientific name. The heritage brand may be mentioned in some documents and label information. On the basis of quantum chemical calculations, exact estimates of the (IR) spectra for 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane have been made and are available for purchase.

To know more about T-Pentyl Chloride please click on the link brainly.com/question/23251464

#SPJ4

Wavelength is the space among equal points (adjoining crests) withinside the adjoining cycles of a waveform sign propagated in area or alongside a wire. The wavelength is 656nm for the hydrogen.

In the photon electricity is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. The shorter the wavelength, the greater lively is the photon, the longer the wavelength, the much less lively is the photon. Photons may be created and destroyed whilst maintaining electricity and momentum.

Read more about photon:

https://brainly.com/question/28106607

#SPJ4

The deuterium oxide) has a self-ionization constant of 8.9 x 10-16 at 20 OC. Calculate [Dt] and [OD -] for neutral D2O at this temperature is 2.98⋅10−8.

D.+]=[outer diameter − ]=2.98⋅10 −8 M.

step 1

1/2 K_w = 8.9 \cdot 10^{-16}Kw na =8.9⋅10 −16

Let's calculate [D^+][D].+] and [OD^-][OD−].

for pure deuterium oxide.

[D^+] = [OD^-][D +]=[outer diameter −] with this

\begin{align*} K_w &= [D^+] \cdot [OD^-]\\ [D^+] &= [OD^-] = \sqrt {K_w}\\ &= \sqrt {8.9 \ cdot 10^{-16}}\\ &= {\color{#4257b2}2.98 \cdot 10^{-8} \mathrm{M}} \end{align*}.

K.wna [D + ] na =[D+]⋅[OD −] =[outer diameter−]=K.w na na = 8.9⋅10 −16 na =2.98⋅10−8 M.na.

Read more about oxide;

https://brainly.com/question/1307605

#SPJ4

The amount of heat released is 105.41 kJ which is calculated by determining the limiting reactant.

The complete chemical reaction is:

2CO(g)+O2(g)---> 2CO2(g)

Volume of CO= 36.8 L

Mole of CO= 1/22.4 Lx 36.8 L=1.6428 moles

Volume of O2= 4.9 L

Mole of O2=1/22.4 Lx 4.9 L=0.2187 moles

The formation of products is dependent on the number of reactants. The reactant that is consumed first is known as the limiting reactant, when this reactant is consumed completely, then there will be no more formation of products.

The limiting reactant is found out by dividing with stoichiometry coefficients.

CO= 1.6428/2=0.8214

O2=0.2187/1=0.2187

Therefore, the limiting reactant is O2.

If 1 moles of O2 produce 482 kJ heat.

Then, 0.2187 of O2 will produce 4.82x0.2187=105.41 kJ heat.

To learn more about limiting reactant check the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/23661051

#SPJ4

The concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution. Therefore, the Molarity of a solution that contains 0.5 mol of calcium acetate per 1.0 L of solution is 0.5 M.

Molarity can be calculated by dividing number of moles of solute by volume of solution in litre. Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/liter. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution.

Mathematically,

Mathematically,

Molarity= number of moles of solute/volume of solution in litre

Where,

moles= 0.5 mol

Volume=1.0 L

Substituting values in above equation, we get

Molarity= 0.5 mol /1.0 L

             =0.5 M

Therefore, the Molarity of a solution that contains 0.5 mol of calcium acetate per 1.0 L of solution is 0.5 M.

Learn more about Molarity, here:

https://brainly.com/question/16727614

#SPJ1

Answer: Should be conduction (for the explanation bit it's below)

technically its both conduction and convection but if its one answer only then conduction should be right

explain your answer bit:
I think it is conduction because the heat in the environment is being transferred into the ice, which is warming it up until it reaches thermal equilibrium and then eventually evaporates.


hope this helps!

It takes 5.0 litres of a 0.2 M HCl solution. In this instance, 5.0 litres of solution would yield 1.0 mole of HCl. For a 0.2N solution, 8.0 grammes of NaOH per litre of water would be needed.

To HCl achieve the most accurate preparation, make sure your powder is dry and limit its exposure to the air during usage, especially during storage. NaOH adsorbs mole water quickly (with heat generation). Therefore, you will need to weigh 10/5 = 2 g of pure NaOH to create 200 ml of 0.25 N. You must dissolve 40.00 g of sodium hydroxide pellets in 250 ml solution of distilled water to create 1MNaOH solution, and you must then dilute the solution to 1 litre.

To learn more about HCl, click here.

https://brainly.com/question/29204122

#SPJ4

The property of matter that allows us to determine the volume of an object by water is Density.

Displacement is described as a vector whose length is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point P undergoing motion.

Density is described as the substance's mass per unit of volume which is a standard mechanical quantity.

The Archimedes' principle is very useful tool for calculating the volume of an object that does not have a regular shape wherein the oddly shaped object can be submerged, and the volume of the fluid displaced is equal to the volume of the object.

Learn more about the Archimedes' principle at: https://brainly.com/question/775316

#SPJ1

Simple cubic crystals of polonium form when it is heated. The answer to the question is 6.02*10²³Avogadro's number.

Polonium is employed in research and surface coatings devices because it is an alpha-emitter. It serves as a dominant male source with in shape of a thin layer on a stainless disc. It is employed to get rid of static electricity generated during operations like rolling wire, papers, and sheet metal.

The edge length for a simple cubic is as follows:

a = 2r

Here r is the radius of the atom.

Volume of unit cell = a³

Here ‘a’ is the lattice parameter (edge length).

Density(g/m³) = Mass(m)/Volume(m³)

Mole:

No. of moles = mass in gram/molar mass in g/mol

The atomic number present for every site (muscle, eyes, edges, and so on) and the proportion of atoms here on relevant sites in a crystalline lattice determine the quantity of elements per unit cell.

The input per atom for bcc is 1.

The contribution of one atom in face-centered is 1/2.

The value of such an atom is 1/4 for edge-centered.

Their ratio is 1/8 for the atoms in the corners.

The formula, which may be used to determine the number of atoms,

No. of atoms = no. of moles (mol) * Avogadro no. ([tex]N_{A}[/tex])

From this expression Avogadro number can be calculated.

Step: 1

Considering that polonium crystals have an atomic radius of

r = 167pm

The side length of a basic cubic unit cell is equal to twice the radius.

Edge length,a = 2r

                        = 2*167pm

                        = 2*167*10⁻¹² m

                        = 3.34*10⁻⁸ cm

Volume of unit cell,

Volume = a³

= (3.34*10⁻⁸cm)³

= 3.72*10⁻²³ cm³

The mass of unit cell is then calculated:

Mass (g) = Density (g/cm³) * Volume (cm³)

              = 3.46*10⁻²²g

Thus the mass of polonium is calculated to be

3.46*10⁻²²g

The polonium crystal's atomic radius is provided. The edge length may be estimated from that. When the density of a provides a valuable crystal is known, the volume can be computed first from side lengths, and the mass is discovered to be 3.46*10⁻²²g.

Calculate the Avogadro number.

Step: 2

Given that polonium has a molar mass of 209g/mol

It is determined how many moles of polonium there are:

The mass of polonium is 3.46*10⁻²²g

number of moles of polonium = mass in g/molar mass in g/mol

=3.46*10⁻²²g/209g/mol

= 1.66*10⁻²⁴

One polonium atom (1/8*8) makes up one unit cell.

One approach to determining the Avogadro number is as follows:

Avogadro number = No. of polonium atoms/No. of moles of polonium    atoms

                               = 1/1.66*10⁻²⁴ mol

                               = 6.02*10²³

To know more about Polonium visit:

https://brainly.com/question/555482

#SPJ4

Among the given compounds, CO₂ is a compound that is not ionic.

In this question, we have been given four compounds - CaCl₂, CO₂, (NH₄)₂O, and NaI and among these four compounds, we have to tell which compound is not ionic.

A compound can be ionic or covalent. And the compound which is not ionic is also called a covalent compound.

So let us comment on each compound one by one.

CaCl₂ - It is an ionic compound because it is a compound formed between a metal and a non-metal. As a general rule, any compound formed between a metal and a nonmetal is called an ionic compound and a compound between a nonmetal and a nonmetal is called a covalent compound.

(NH₄)₂O - Though this is a compound containing no metallic element, it is still an ionic compound.  NH₄⁺ is an ion, though still a nonmetal. We should remember that NH₄ compounds are exceptions to this rule. All compounds of NH₄ are actually ionic. Hence (NH₄)₂O is an ionic compound.

NaI - It is again a compound made of a metal and a nonmetal. Hence, according to the rule stated above, it is an ionic compound.

CO₂ - It is a compound made of a nonmetal and a nonmetal. Therefore, it is a covalent compound

Hence, among the above-given compounds, CO₂ is a covalent compound.

To read more about ionic and covalent compounds, please refer to the following link - https://brainly.com/question/17950574

The pH will decrease if more acid, such as a small amount of HCl, is added to the buffer system. To dissolve 246.1 g of sodium acetate, combine it with 500 mL of deionized water.

The pH can be increased to 5.2 by using glacial acetic acid. It is advisable to let the solution cool over night. You can increase the pH by one more point to 5.2 by using glacial acetic acid. By adding sodium from the conjugate base, a weak acid solution's pH can be raised. This makes sense because adding a base should increase the pH of a weak acid sodium solution, and sodium acetate is a basic.

To learn more about acid, click here.

https://brainly.com/question/14072179

#SPJ4

Electrons in the 1s subshell are much closer to the nucleus in Argon than in Helium due to the larger in nuclear charge in Ar.

The energy of an electron in a multi-electron atom depends on both its principal quantum number (shell) and its azimuthal quantum number (subshell). In a given principal quantum number, the energies of the orbitals increase in the order s<p<d<f. But for higher energy levels there is a difference in the energies of the orbitals and it will not follow the above order.

Effective nuclear charge is the net charge experienced by an outer shell electron in an atom while nuclear charge is the total charge of the nucleus. While the effective nuclear charge is determined by considering the influence of the internal orbital electrons and the nuclear charge, the nuclear charge is independent of the electron charge in the atom. The effective nuclear charge depends not only on the number of protons in the nucleus while the nuclear charge depends only on the number of protons present in the nucleus.

To learn more about nuclear charge, here

https://brainly.com/question/13664060

#SPJ4

Answer:

52.25 grams of oxygen are produced.

Explanation:

When 34.5 g of potassium chlorate (KClO3) decomposes, it produces oxygen gas according to the following chemical equation:

2 KClO3 -> 2 KCl + 3 O2

This means that for every 2 grams of potassium chlorate that decomposes, 3 grams of oxygen gas are produced. In the case of 34.5 grams of potassium chlorate, this would produce 3 * 34.5/2 = 52.25 grams of oxygen. Therefore, when 34.5 g of KClO3 decomposes, 52.25 grams of oxygen are produced.

A strong push would mean a large magnitude of force and vice versa a weak push would mean a small magnitude.

As per Markovnikov's rule, the hydrogen in HOH (water) adds to the carbon in the double bond (C): that has a greater number of H atoms attached.

Markovnikov's law states that when an asymmetrical reagent is added to an asymmetrical alkene, the negative half of the reagent is attached to the carbon atom containing fewer hydrogen atoms. To put it simply, Markovnikov's rule states that hydrogen is added to the carbon with the greater number of hydrogens and the halide is added to the carbon with the least hydrogens.

An example of a reaction that observes Markovnikov's rule is that in HOH, hydrogen attaches itself to the carbon having more hydrogen substituents.

You can learn more about Markovnikov's rule at

https://brainly.com/question/21496002

#SPJ4

The skeleton equation of the reaction of Tin oxide and hydrogen:

[tex]SnO_2 + H_2\longrightarrow Sn + H_2O[/tex]

Balanced equation:

[tex]SnO_2 + 2H_2\longrightarrow Sn + 2H_2O[/tex]

Tin (Sn) can be defined as an unreactive metal. When tin dioxide and hydrogen gas react with each other, metallic tin and water are formed.

Sn is not very reactive in comparison with the other elements in its own group, it is more reactive than Ge, which lies just above it in the group. It is unaffected by water or air at room temperature. Sn is anti-corrosive and therefore applied as a coating to protect metals.

When tin dioxide (SnO₂) is placed into a bottle of hydrogen gas. The balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction is as follows:

[tex]SnO_2 + 2H_2\longrightarrow Sn + 2H_2O[/tex]

Learn more about tin oxide, here:

https://brainly.com/question/15813360

#SPJ1

The ph for each of the cases in the titration of 50.0 ml of 0.190 m hclo(aq) with 0.190 m koh(aq) is 10.1878.

Case 1  when 0.0 mL of KOH is added Ph is 4.0596

Case 2  when 25.0 mL of KOH is added Ph is 7.398

Case 3  when 35.0 mL of KOH is added Ph is 7.766

Case 4  when 50.0 mL of KOH is added Ph is 10.1878

Case 5  when 60.0 mL of KOH is added Ph is 12.2374

Calculation :

1) .when 0.0 mL of KOH is added

HClO dissociates as:

HClO          ----->     H+   +  ClO-

0.19                 0         0

0.19-x               x         x

Ka = [H+][ClO-]/[HClO]

Ka = x*x/(c-x)

Assuming x can be ignored as compared to c

So, above expression becomes

Ka = x*x/(c)

so, x = sqrt (Ka*c)

x = sqrt ((4*10^-8)*0.19) = 8.718*10^-5

since c is much greater than x, our assumption is correct

so, x = 8.718*10^-5 M

use

pH = -log [H+]

= -log (8.718*10^-5)

= 4.0596

2)when 25.0 mL of KOH is added

Given:

M(HClO) = 0.19 M

V(HClO) = 50 mL

M(KOH) = 0.19 M

V(KOH) = 25 mL

mol(HClO) = M(HClO) * V(HClO)

mol(HClO) = 0.19 M * 50 mL = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = M(KOH) * V(KOH)

mol(KOH) = 0.19 M * 25 mL = 4.75 mmol

We have:

mol(HClO) = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = 4.75 mmol

4.75 mmol of both will react

excess HClO remaining = 4.75 mmol

Volume of Solution = 50 + 25 = 75 mL

[HClO] = 4.75 mmol/75 mL = 0.0633M

[ClO-] = 4.75/75 = 0.0633M

They form acidic buffer

acid is HClO

conjugate base is ClO-

Ka = 4*10^-8

pKa = - log (Ka)

= - log(4*10^-8)

= 7.398

use:

pH = pKa + log {[conjugate base]/[acid]}

= 7.398+ log {6.333*10^-2/6.333*10^-2}

= 7.398

3)when 35.0 mL of KOH is added

Given:

M(HClO) = 0.19 M

V(HClO) = 50 mL

M(KOH) = 0.19 M

V(KOH) = 35 mL

mol(HClO) = M(HClO) * V(HClO)

mol(HClO) = 0.19 M * 50 mL = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = M(KOH) * V(KOH)

mol(KOH) = 0.19 M * 35 mL = 6.65 mmol

We have:

mol(HClO) = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = 6.65 mmol

6.65 mmol of both will react

excess HClO remaining = 2.85 mmol

Volume of Solution = 50 + 35 = 85 mL

[HClO] = 2.85 mmol/85 mL = 0.0335M

[ClO-] = 6.65/85 = 0.0782M

They form acidic buffer

acid is HClO

conjugate base is ClO-

a = 4*10^-8

pKa = - log (Ka)

= - log(4*10^-8)= 7.398

use:

pH = pKa + log {[conjugate base]/[acid]}

= 7.398+ log {7.824*10^-2/3.353*10^-2}

= 7.766

4)when 50.0 mL of KOH is added

Given:

M(HClO) = 0.19 M

V(HClO) = 50 mL

M(KOH) = 0.19 M

V(KOH) = 50 mL

mol(HClO) = M(HClO) * V(HClO)

mol(HClO) = 0.19 M * 50 mL = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = M(KOH) * V(KOH)

mol(KOH) = 0.19 M * 50 mL = 9.5 mmol

We have:

mol(HClO) = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = 9.5 mmol

9.5 mmol  of both will react to form ClO- and H2O

ClO- here is strong base

ClO- formed = 9.5 mmol

Volume of Solution = 50 + 50 = 100 mL

Kb of ClO- = Kw/Ka =  1*10^-14/4*10^-8 = 2.5*10^-7

concentration ofClO-,c = 9.5 mmol/100 mL = 0.095M

ClO- dissociates as

ClO-        + H2O   ----->     HClO  +   OH-

0.095                        0         0

0.095-x                      x         x

Kb = [HClO][OH-]/[ClO-]

Kb = x*x/(c-x)

Assuming x can be ignored as compared to c

So, above expression becomes

Kb = x*x/(c)

so, x = sqrt (Kb*c)

x = sqrt ((2.5*10^-7)*9.5*10^-2) = 1.541*10^-4

since c is much greater than x, our assumption is correct

so, x = 1.541*10^-4 M

[OH-] = x = 1.541*10^-4 M

use:

pOH = -log [OH-]

= -log (1.541*10^-4)

= 3.8122

use:

PH = 14 - pOH

= 14 - 3.8122

= 10.1878

5)when 60.0 mL of KOH is added

Given:

M(HClO) = 0.19 M

V(HClO) = 50 mL

M(KOH) = 0.19 M

V(KOH) = 60 mL

mol(HClO) = M(HClO) * V(HClO)

mol(HClO) = 0.19 M * 50 mL = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = M(KOH) * V(KOH)

mol(KOH) = 0.19 M * 60 mL = 11.4 mmol

We have:

mol(HClO) = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = 11.4 mmol

9.5 mmol of both will react

excess KOH remaining = 1.9 mmol

Volume of Solution = 50 + 60 = 110 mL

[OH-] = 1.9 mmol/110 mL = 0.0173 M

use:

pOH = -log [OH-]

= -log (1.727*10^-2)

= 1.7626

use:

PH = 14 - pOH

= 14 - 1.7626

= 12.2374

Learn more about titration here : https://brainly.com/question/186765

#SPJ4

The change in momentum of the smaller object is smaller than the change in momentum of the larger mass, but not zero.

In most cases, momentum is the quantity that describes the internal motion of any moving object. Force, on the other hand, is the quantity that modifies the rate is taken existing when applied to any object. Momentum is the sum of motion contained within a moving item.

Since there are no outside forces in an external observer (like the universe), momentum is always preserved. The components of momentum in any directions will also be maintained because momentum is conserved. When solving collision-related issues, the principle of momentum conservation is crucial.

To know more about momentum visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29113044

#SPJ4