Answer:
p-e-n
1- Na=11-11-12
2-Cl=17-17-29
3-Mg=12-12-12
4-O=8-8-8
Explanation:
chlorine is Cl
The PEN value for sodium, chlorine, magnesium, and oxygen is (11,11,12),(17,17,18),(12,12,12), (8,8,8) respectively
The atomic number(Z) is equal to the number of protons to equal to number of electrons.
The number of neutrons is equal to atomic mass minus the atomic number
n=A-Z
For Na, Z=11, p=e=11
The number of neutrons is 23-11=12
For Cl, Z=17, e=17
The number of neutrons is A-Z=35-17=18
For magnesium, Z=12, A=24
The number of neutrons is 24-12=12
For O, Z=8, p=e=8
The number of neutrons is 16-8=8
The atomic number is the basis of the periodic table.It is equal to the number of protons.The number of neutrons is atomic mass minus atomic number.To learn more about atomic number visit:
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When preparing a solution in a cuvette, make sure to handle the cuvette by the __________ and avoid touching the ____________ then, ____________ the cuvette before placing it in the spectrophotometer.
Answer: Textured sides, smooth sides, wipe down.
Write the formulae of the acid and base of ZnS.
ZnS is the chemical formula of the zinc sulphide. Zinc sulphide contain two ions i.e. ( Zn ⁺² ) and ( S ⁻² ) ion present in zinc sulphide.
What is acid ?A Bronsted - Lowry acid or Lewis acid is a molecule or ion that has the ability to donate a proton or establish a covalent bond with an electron pair. Proton donors, also known as Bronsted - Lowry acids, are the first class of acids.
Any hydrogen containing material that has the ability to donate a proton (hydrogen ion) to another chemical is considered an acid. A base is a molecule or ion that can take up an acid's hydrogen ion. Typically, sour tastes help to identify acidic chemicals.
Thus, ZnS is the chemical formula of the zinc sulphide. Zinc sulphide contain two ions i.e. ( Zn ⁺² ) and ( S ⁻² ) ion present in zinc sulphide.
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Consider two 5 l chambers. In one, there are 5. 00 g o₂, and in the other there are 5. 00 g he. Which has the higher pressure at room temperature?.
The gas having higher pressure at room temperature, is P = 6.11 atm.
What is the ideal gas law?
The general gas equation, often known as the ideal gas law, is the equation of state for a hypothetical ideal gas. It has a number of limitations, but it provides a decent approximation of the behavior of numerous gases under various circumstances.
According to the ideal gas equation,
PV =nRT
For O₂,
Number of moles of oxygen gas = 5.00 g /32 g/mol = 0.156 moles
P =?
V = 5 L
n = 0.156 moles
T = 25 + 273 = 298 K
R = 0.082 atmLK-1mol-1
P = nRT/V
P = 0.156 moles × 0.082 atmLK-1mol-1 × 298 K/5 L
P = 0.76 atm
For He,
Number of moles of He = 5/4 g/mol = 1.25 moles
P =?
V = 5 L
n = 1.25 moles
T = 25 + 273 = 298 K
R = 0.082 atmLK-1mol-1
P = nRT/V
P =1.25 moles × 0.082 atmLK-1mol-1 × 298 K/5 L
P = 6.11 atm
Hence the gas having higher pressure at room temperature is He.
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PLEASE HELP!!!
Draw arrows to show the direction that atoms move from one atom to another and put in the charge on each atom that creates the attraction that holds the atoms together in a compound
The transfer of charges that leads to the formation of the ionic bond in magnesium oxide is shown in the image attached.
What is the ionic bond?The term ionic bond has to do with the bond that could be formed when two atoms come together usually a metal and a nonmetal. In this case, one atom would have to loose electrons and another atom would have to gain the electrons. The atom that looses the electrons is the metal while the atom that gains the electron is the non metal.
From my description, one can make bold to say that the ionic bond just leads to the formation of a compound that is largely an ion pair. The number of electrons that is lost or gained in the formation of the compound is largely in keeping with the formula unit of the compound.
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A solution is prepared by dissolving 15. 0 g of nh3 in 250. 0 g of water. The density of the resulting solution is 0. 974 g/ml. What is the mole fraction of nh3 in the solution?.
Mole fraction of nh3 in the solution is 11.33%.
What is mole?
The International System of Units uses the mole (symbol: mol) as the unit of substance amount (SI). How so many elementary entities of a particular substance are present in an object or sample is determined by the quantity of that substance. There are precisely 6.02214076×10^23 elementary entities in a mole.
NH3(g) + H2O(l) = NH4OH (aq)
The molar mass of NH3 is 17.031 g/mol.
The NH3:NH4OH mole ratio is 1: 1.
Mol of NH3 = 15 g/(17.031 g/mol) = 0.88 mol, which produces (1/1) x 0.88 mol of NH4OH = 0.88 mol of NH4OH/250 g of water.
The mass of the solution is calculated as 15g + 250 g = 265 g.
Given that the density of NH4OH is 0.974 g/mL, the resulting solution contains 0.88 mol of NH4OH/265 g: 0.974 g/mL or 0.88 mol/272.0739mL.
Then, mol of NH4OH in 100mL solution = (100mL/272.0739mL) x 0.88 mol = 0.3234 mol of NH4OH/100mL solution...
……. [A]
The molar mass of NH4OH is 35.04 g/mol.
As a result, the mass of NH4OH = 0.3234 mol x 35.04 g/mol = 11.33 g of NH4OH/100mL or 11.33% (m/v).
As stated in [A], one mol of NH4OH equals 0.3234mol/100mL solution or (1000mL/100mL) x 0.3234 mol equals 3.234 mol NH4OH/L or 3.234 M.
Because NH4OH is a monoprotic base, molarity equals normality, so the resulting solution's normality = 3.234 N rounded up to 3.23 N.
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Unknown element X forms an ion with a plus 2 charge (X2+). Unknown element Z forms an ion with a negative 3 charge Z3-). What is the formula for the ionic compound formed when X bonds with Z?
X[tex]Z^{-}[/tex] is the formula for the ionic compound formed when X bonds with Z
What is a ionic compound ?A chemical compound known as an ionic compound is one that contains ions bound together by the electrostatic forces known as ionic bonding. Despite of having both positively and negatively charged ions, or cations and anions, the molecule is generally neutral.
What is a formula?A formula, such as a mathematical formula or a chemical formula, is a brief manner of symbolically representing information.
The exchange of one or more electrons between atoms results in the formation of ionic bonds between two or more atoms. Positive ions called cations and negative ions called anions are created during electron transfer.
Hence, X[tex]Z^{-}[/tex] is the formula for the ionic compound formed when X bonds with Z
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Question 4 (1 point)
How many oxygens are present on the reactants side of this equation?
KCIO3 --> KCI + O₂
01
5
3
2
Answer
no
Explanation:
when comparing hclo and hbro , hclo is a acid than hbro .target 1 of 4 when comparing h2so4 and h2so3 , h2so4 is a acid than h2so3 .target 2 of 4 when comparing ccl3cooh and ch3cooh , ccl3cooh is a acid than ch3cooh .target 3 of 4 when comparing hclo2 and hclo , hclo2 is a acid than hclo .
When comparing HClO and HBrO, HClO is a stronger acid than HBrO because it has more electronegative atoms.
When comparing H₂SO₄ and H₂SO₃, H₂SO₄ is a stronger acid because it has more oxygen atoms. As we know that the higher number of oxygen atoms in oxyacids increases the acidic strength of the acid.
When comparing HClO₂ and HClO, HClO₂ is a stronger acid because it has more oxygen atoms. As we know that the higher number of oxygen atoms in oxyacids, Increases the acidic strength of the acid.
When comparing HCLO and HBrO, HClO is a stronger acid because it has more electronegative atoms. As we know that the electronegativity of chlorine is higher than that of bromine.
When comparing CCl₃COOH and CH₃COOH, CCl₃COOH is a stronger acid because it has more electronegative atoms. As we know that the electronegativity of chlorine is higher than that of oxygen.
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magnesium hydroxide has a strong laxative effect, whereas aluminum hydroxide has a constipating action.
Magnesium hydroxide lessens the amount of acid in the stomach and increases the amount of water in the intestines, which may cause bowel movements.
Children and adults who experience periodic constipation can be treated temporarily with magnesium hydroxide. Saline laxatives, which include magnesium hydroxide, are a group of medicines. It works by inducing the retain water. Constipation may persist if this medicine is used excessively or for an extended period of time, leading to dependence on laxatives. Dehydration, persistent diarrhea, and mineral imbalances may also be brought on by excessive use. Tell your doctor if your symptoms continue or get worse. An over-the-counter medication called "Milk of Magnesia," or magnesium hydroxide, is used to treat upset stomach, occasional constipation, and heartburn. It is not meant for ongoing use. For this medicine , there are liquid and chewable forms of the medication. regulating mood and reducing stress.
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we derive in class that the heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal monatomic gas is (3/2)kb per particle. what is the heat capacity at constant volume of 5 moles of an ideal monatomic gas is (in si units)? you have to be careful not to confuse between the heat capacity per mole, which has units j/mole/k, and the heat capacity of a sample of given size. if the amount of the material (i.e. sample size) is know, your answer for the heat capacity of the sample should be in j/k.
The heat capacity of the sample should be is 62.358J/K.
Calculation:-
Heat Capacity of 5 mole
5 x ( [tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex] Kв x NA )
= 5 x ( [tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex] R)
[tex]\frac{15}{2} R[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{15}{2}[/tex] x 8.3144
= 62.358J/K
Heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given amount of matter by 1 degree Celsius. The heat capacity of a particular substance is a broad property as it depends on its size or quantity. The unit of heat capacity is Joule/Kelvin or Joule/Celsius.
Heat capacity or specific heat is the amount of heat required per unit mass to raise the temperature by 1°C. Specific heat capacity helps determine the processing temperature and amount of heat required for processing and helps distinguish between two polymer composites. The heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of thermal energy produced or released when the temperature of a unit mass of the substance changes by 1 °C.
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the density of solid cr is 7.15 g/cm3. how many atoms are present per cubic centimeter (cm3) of cr? cr atoms: atoms/cm3
One cubic centimeter of 7.15 g/cm³ will contain 9.2 x 10²² Cr atoms.
The density of Cr is 7.15 g/cm³.
It means, one cm³ contains 7.15 grams of Cr.
We know moles are given by,
n = mass/molar mass
n = number of atom/Avogadro number
Molar mass of Cr is 51 g/mol.
So, the number of atoms per cubic centimeter can be found as,
7.15/51 = Number of atom/6.603 x 10²³
Number of atoms = 9.2 x 10²²
So, one cubic centimeter will contain 9.2 x 10²² atoms of Cr.
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How does potential energy relate to bond forming?
The total mass of the system before the reaction and the total mass of the system after the reaction should be the same. Explain why this is the case in terms of what happens to atoms in a chemical reaction.
Answer:
The law of conservation of mass states that mass can not be created nor destroyed. This law applies to chemical reactions as the mass of the atoms stays the same, even after the reaction.
In a lewis structure involving bromine and chlorine, if a central bromine atom has two lone pairs, how many chlorine atoms must be present?.
Learn Lewis dot structure and lone pair.
What is lewis structure?
The valence shell electrons of a molecule are depicted in a highly condensed manner in a Lewis structure. It serves as a visual representation of the electron arrangements around specific atoms in molecules. Electrons are represented as "dots" or "lines" when two atoms are bonded together.
What is lone pair?
Valence electron pairs known as lone pairs are those that are exclusive to one atom. They are not involved in the synthesis of covalent bonds. An example is the two lone pairs on the oxygen atom in the water molecule. Another illustration is the lone pair on the nitrogen atom of the ammonia molecule.
Four of the seven valence electrons in bromine are occupied if there are two lone pairs. Thus, three chlorine atoms can form covalent connections with the remaining three.
Therefore, three chlorine atoms can form covalent connections with the remaining three.
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does thermal conductivity of a substance affect its ability to heat or be heated by its surroundings (science)
The thermal conductivity of a substance affects its ability to heat or be heated by its surroundings because the higher the thermal conductivity of a substance, the more easily it can be heated or heat others.
What is the thermal conductivity of a substance?Thermal conductivity of a substance refers to the ability of a substance to allow heat energy to easily flow through it.
The higher the thermal conductivity of a substance, the more easily it can be heated or heat its surroundings.
The thermal conductivity of a substance varies according to the nature of the substance. Metals generally have high thermal conductivities whereas non-metals usually have low thermal conductivity.
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Identify the effect of each error during a thin layer chromatography experiment.
1. The mobile phase used does not move any of the spots at all.
a. There can be no separation of components
b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined
c. There will be smears on the TLC plate
2. Pen rather than pencil is used to draw the lines on the plate.
a. There can be no separation of components
b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined
c. There will be smears on the TLC plate
3. The solvent line is not marked after the TLC plate is removed from the chamber.
a. There can be no separation of components
b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined
c. There will be smears on the TLC plate
4. The TLC plate remains in the chamber even after the solvent has reached the top of the plate.
a. There can be no separation of components
b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined
c. There will be smears on the TLC plate
1. The mobile phase used does not move any of the spots at all.
The answer is;
a. There can be no separation of components
2. Pen rather than a pencil is used to draw the lines on the plate.
c. There will be smears on the TLC plate
3. The solvent line is not marked after the TLC plate is removed from the chamber.
b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined
4. The TLC plate remains in the chamber even after the solvent has reached the top of the plate.
b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined
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is air important for burning with scientific methods
Write the ground-state electron configuration for calcium, ca. You may write either the full or condensed electron configuration.
The ground-state electron configuration for calcium, ca is : 1s²2s²2p^6 3s²3p^6 4s².
What is electron configuration?In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is described as the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.
The four different types of orbitals (s,p,d, and f) have different shapes, and one orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons. The p, d, and f orbitals have different sublevels, thus can hold more electrons. The electron configuration of each element is specific and unique to whatever position on the periodic table.
In conclusion, calcium electron configuration is shown below as : 1s²2s²2p^6 3s²3p^6 4s².
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Describe where metals come from, and give one example of how metals are used based on their physical properties.
Answer:
Metals are extracted form ores found in the earth's crust. An ore is a rock containing enough metal or a metal compound to make extracting it worthwhile. An example of its use in everyday life are plumbing pipes made of copper used in electrical wiring and heating systems. Copper is a good conductor of heat and electricity and is immune to corrosion.
chemoheterotrophs multiple choice use sunlight as an energy source. use pre-formed organic molecules as a carbon source. use pre-formed organic molecules as an energy source. use inorganic chemicals as an energy source.
Chemoheterotrophs use pre-formed organic molecules as a carbon source.
They are those microbes who get their carbon and energy source from organic sources.
All animals are chemoheterotrophs even the bacteria that live inside humans. By breaking down the food they get their energy and building materials to grow their body.
Chemoheterotrophs plays a very vital role in ecosystem. All herbivores, carnivores, scavengers, decomposers are chemoheterotrophs.
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In lab we applied the conservation of energy to a system to allow us to equate the initial energy to the final energy. How does the initial energy become stored in the system?.
In lab we applied the conservation of energy to a system to allow us to equate the initial energy to the final energy. Here the initial energy become stored in the system. It is due the reason that:
The force of gravity does work on the mass when it is displaced some height when the pendulum is displaced by some angle theta.
Work done by the gravitational force is W = mgh , it is known as potential energy of the body.
When, body displaced some height then work done by the gravitational force store as energy in the system.
So, the force of gravity does work on the mass, when it is displaced some height .
What do you mean by force of gravity ?
“Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.”
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what is the empirical formula of a substance that contains 2.64 g of c, 0.444 g of h, and 3.52 g of o?
The empirical formula of the given substance is CH2O.
A molecular formula is the smallest integer ratio of the atoms of an element in a compound. Therefore, to find the empirical formula, first find the number of moles of each element and then find the molar ratio. Therefore, the mass of carbon is 2.64 g, the mass of hydrogen is 0.444 g, and the mass of oxygen is 3.52 g. So, with the help of this information and the product table in question, the molar mass of carbon is 12.1 g per molar mass of hydrogen is 1.8 g per molar mass of oxygen, i.e. 16 g per mole. Now, let's find the molar ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. As we know, the number of Mohrs is equal to the given mass divided by the molar mass. From this we can find the molar ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which is the molar ratio of carbon equal to the mass of carbon divided by the molar mass of carbon.
So solving gives 0.22, and similarly 0.44 for hydrogen. 0.22 for oxygen. Therefore, we can divide the above molar ratio by 0.22. Since this is the smallest number, it is the ratio of 0.22 divided by 0.22, the ratio of 0.44 divided by 0.22, and the ratio of 0.22 divided by 0.22. Therefore, this value equals 1. This value is equal to 1. That is, the molecular formula contains one carbon atom, two hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom.
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the entropy of the ideal gas, per molecule, as a function of temperature and pressure, is given by the formula: kb [ (5/2)ln(t/t0) - ln(p/p0) ], where t0 and p0 are temperature and pressure of a reference state. this formula can be easily derived from the formula we derive in class for the entropy as a function of volume and temperature, and the equation of state for the ideal gas, pv
The equation for the entropy of the ideal gas, per molecule, as a function of temperature and pressure reads: 3.138 J mol-1 k-1. t0 and p0, where kb is [(5/2)ln(t/t0) - ln(p/p0)].
entropy is a thermodynamic quantity that measures the degree of disorder or randomness in a system by measuring the thermal energy that cannot be converted into mechanical work in that system. A state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty is most frequently associated with the scientific concept of entropy.
The force perpendicular to an object's surface that is applied per unit area over that force is known as pressure . The gauge pressure, also known as gauge pressure, is the pressure in relation to the surrounding atmosphere.
S = Ssatp - Satp
= NaRb ( 5/2 ln(273/273.15) - ln (101/ 100))
= 1.713 J mol^-1 k^-1 for three molcules
= 1.713 *3 = 3.138 J mol^-1 k^-1
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why is it necessary to exclude water in each stage of the production of a product with the grignard reaction. be specific. give a chemical equation to illlustrate
The water reacts with the Grignard reagent and destroys it. So it is necessary to exclude water in each stage of the production of a product with the Grignard reaction.
Consequently, water ought to be excluded from the reaction as plenty as possible i.e. by means of the usage of anhydrous solvents, etc. c. The addition of hydrochloric acid is essential to quench the leftover Grignard reagent and to transform the magnesium alcoholate into the alcohol.
Water or alcohols could protonate and for that reason destroy the Grignard reagent, due to the fact the Grignard carbon is tremendously nucleophilic. this would form a hydrocarbon.
Grignard reagents react swiftly with acidic hydrogen atoms in molecules consisting of alcohol and water. whilst a Grignard reagent reacts with water, a proton replaces the halogen, and the product is an alkane. The Grignard reagent, therefore, affords a pathway for converting a haloalkane to an alkane in steps.
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suppose at the end of the titration, the solution containing the ce3 ion is transferred to a volumetric flask and diluted to 500. ml. what is the concentration of ce3 in the diluted solution?m
The volume of the concentration of Ce3+ is x = 0.010548 mL
What is Cerium?
Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. Classified as a lanthanide, Cerium is a solid at room temperature.
The initial concentration of Ce4+ = 0.1758 mL
Volume of the volumetric flask = 30 mL
After , dilution the Ce4+ = 500mL
0.1758 x 30 = x x 500
x = 0.1758 x 30 / 500
x = 0.010548 mL
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two flasks at the same temperature are joined by a glass tube with a stopcock. flask a is a 4.0 l flask containing n2 at 2.0 atm, while flask b is a 10.0 l flask containing co at 1.4 atm. what is the final pressure in the flasks after the stopcock is opened?
Final pressure in the flasks containing N2 and Co after the stopcock is opened is 1.57 atm
mole in flask A
Volume (V) = 4L
Pressure (P) = 2atm
Temperature (T) = STP = 273K
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol
Number of mole (n) =?
n = PV/RT
n = (2 × 4) / (0.0821 × 273)
n = 0.357 mole
mole in flask B
Volume (V) = 10L
Pressure (P) = 1.4atm
Temperature (T) = STP = 273K
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol
Number of mole (n) =?
n = PV/RT
n = (1.4 × 10) / (0.0821 × 273)
n = 0.625 mole
determining the final pressure
Total volume (V) = 4 + 10 = 14 L
Total mole (n) = 0.357 + 0.625 = 0.982
Temperature (T) = STP = 273 K
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol
Pressure (P) =?
P = nRT/V
P = (0.982 × 0.0821 x 273) / 14
P = 1.57 atm
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If the partial pressure of a gas over a solution is doubled, how has the concentration of gas in the solution changed after equilibrium is restored?.
The concentration of the gas in the solution will double.
What is Henry's law?
Henry's law, a gas law, states that, when the temperature is held constant, the volume of fuel that is dissolved inside a liquid seems to be directly proportional to the fraction of the that gas above the liquid. Henry's law constant (often abbreviated as "kH") is the proportionality constant for this relationship.
According to Henry's law, the solubility of any gas is directly related to its partial pressure, so if we change the partial pressure, the concentration will change as well.
Given that the partial pressure is doubled in this case, the concentration will also double.
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a rigid 5 l vessel contains 2 mols of helium and 3 mols of hydrogen at a pressure of 10 atm. maintaining a constant temperatuture an additional 3 mols of hydrogen are added. what is the partial pressure of hydrogen gas in the vessel at the end?
The partial pressure of hydrogen gas in the vessel at the end is 12 atm
How do I determine the partial pressure of hydrogen gas?We'll begin by obtaing the new pressure of the vessel. This can be obtained as follow:
Initial pressure (P₁) = 10 atmInitial mole (n₁) = 2 + 3 = 5 molesNew mole (n₂) = 5 + 3 = 8 molesNew pressure (P₂) =?PV = nRT
Divide both sides by V
P = nRT / V
Divide both sides by n
P / n = RT / V
RT / V => Constant
P₁ / n₁ = P₂ / n₂
10 / 5 = P₂ / 8
2 = P₂ / 8
Cross multiply
P₂ = 2 × 8
P₂ = 16 atm
Thus, the new pressure is 16 atm
Next, we shall determine the mole fraction of hydrogen gas. This is shown below:
Mole of Helium = 2 moles Mole of hydrogen gas = 3 + 3 = 6 molesTotal mole = 2 + 6 = 8 molesMole fraction of hydrogen gas =?Mole fraction = Mole of element / total mole
Mole fraction of hydrogen gas = 6 / 18
Mole fraction of hydrogen gas = 0.75
Finally, we shall determine the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas. This can be obtained as follow:
Mole fraction of hydrogen gas = 0.75Total pressure = 16 atmPartial pressure of hydrogen gas =?Partial pressure = mole fraction of element × total pressure
Partial pressure of hydrogen gas = 0.75 × 16
Partial pressure of hydrogen gas = 12 atm
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which of the following does not describe a metal? question 24 options: a) good conductor of electricity b) good conductor of heat c) found on the left side of the periodic table d) tends to gain electrons e) forms ionic compounds with nonmetals
Metals are located in the left side of periodic table. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. Metals form ionic compounds by losing electrons and not by gain of electrons. Thus, option d does not describe a metal.
What are metals?Metals are electropositive elements located in the left side of periodic table. They are electrons rich and easily lose electrons through chemical bonding.
Metals forms ionic compounds with non-metals through losing electrons to the non-metals. Non-metals are mostly electronegative and are placed in the right side of periodic table.
Non-metals are electron - deficient and they need to gain electrons through chemical bonding to attain stability. Therefore, option d describes a non-metal and not a metal.
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Given the data in the table, what is the average atomic mass of chlorine? chlorine-35 chlorine-37 atomic mass 34. 969 amu 36. 966 amu r dative abundance 75. 78 percent 24. 22 percent a. 34. 969 amu b. 35. 453 amu c. 35. 9675 amu d. 36. 966 amu.
According to the periodic table, chlorine has an average atomic mass of 35.453 amu.
Considering that the average atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45 AMU, what is the abundance of Cl-35 and Cl-37?Chlorine has an average atomic mass of 35.45 amu. Percent abundance for x therefore equals 77.5% and (1 - x) equals 0.225, or 22.5%. Chlorine-35 isotope abundance is 77.5%, whereas Chlorine-37 isotope abundance is 22.5%.
Mass spectrometry can be used to demonstrate that the ratio of naturally occurring chlorine isotope 35 to isotope 37 is 3 to 1.
A chlorine-35 atom has 18 neutrons in its nucleus (17 protons plus 18 neutrons), whereas a chlorine-37 atom has 20 neutrons (17 protons plus 20 neutrons = 37 particles in the nucleus). Isotopes of a substance are produced by adding or deleting neutrons from an atom's nucleus.
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