It is better to have an arbitration process than a mediation process for union member grievances that cannot be resolved. This is because arbitration is more binding and authoritative than mediation.
When it comes to union member grievances that cannot be resolved, it is better to have an arbitration process than a mediation process. This is because arbitration is more binding and authoritative than mediation. Arbitration is a legal process in which a neutral third party hears arguments from both sides and makes a decision that is final and binding. Mediation, on the other hand, is a non-binding process in which a neutral third party tries to help the parties find a mutually acceptable solution.
Arbitration is preferred over mediation because it is more final and has a greater chance of being enforced. With arbitration, the arbitrator's decision is final and binding, and there are very limited grounds on which it can be challenged or overturned. This gives the parties a greater sense of finality and closure, which can be especially important in cases where there is a lot of animosity or tension between the parties.
In contrast, mediation is not binding, and there is no guarantee that the parties will be able to reach a resolution. If the parties are unable to come to an agreement, they may have to resort to other methods to resolve the dispute, such as going to court. While mediation can be effective in certain situations, it is generally better suited for cases where the parties have a good working relationship and are willing to compromise.
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Which of the following would not be found on an income statement?
(a) Rent expense
(b) Dividends
(c) Revenues
(d) Net income.
Dividends would not be found on an income statement.
An income statement, also known as a profit and loss statement, is a financial statement that reports a company's revenues, expenses, and net income or net loss over a specific period. It is used to assess the profitability and performance of a business. The items typically included on an income statement are revenues, expenses, and net income or net loss.
Rent expense is an operating expense that represents the cost of renting or leasing a property for business operations and would be found on an income statement. Revenues represent the income generated from the sale of goods or services and are a key component of an income statement. Net income is the final result after deducting all expenses from revenues and is reported on an income statement.
However, dividends are not recorded on an income statement. Dividends are distributions of earnings to shareholders and are reported on the statement of retained earnings or the statement of changes in shareholders' equity.
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Sac provides employees two weeks of paid vacation per year. As of December 31, 65 employees have earned two weeks of vacation time to be taken the following year. If the wage weekly salary for these employees is €950, what is the required journal entry at the end of the year?
Debt Silanes and Wages Expense for 401,750 and credit Salaries and Wages Payable for €61.750 Os No entry is required
O Debt Salas and Wages Expense for 123,500 and credit Salanes and Wages Payable for €123.500
OoDebit Salaries and Wages Payable for 123,000 and credit Salaries and Wages Expense for €123,000
The required journal entry at the end of the year would be "Debit Salaries and Wages Expense for €401,750 and credit Salaries and Wages Payable for €61,750". Option A is the correct answer.
This journal entry is necessary to record the accrued vacation expenses for the employees. The debit to Salaries and Wages Expense reflects the increase in the expense account due to the earned vacation time. The amount of €401,750 represents the total expense for the accrued vacation time based on 65 employees earning two weeks of vacation at a weekly salary of €950.
On the other hand, the credit to Salaries and Wages Payable indicates the liability owed to the employees for their earned vacation time. The amount of €61,750 represents the total liability at the end of the year.
By recording this journal entry, the company recognizes the expenses associated with the accrued vacation time and acknowledges the corresponding liability to be paid in the future.
Option A is the correct answer.
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Use the following information for stock ROCK and stock
ROLL:E( rROCK)=.11 SDrock=.20
E(rROLL)=.15 SDroll=.25
rf=.02 Correlation coefficient= .75
Find the standard deviation of a portfolio with 30% allocated to stock ROCK and 70% allocated to stock ROLL
The standard deviation of a portfolio with 30% allocated to stock ROCK and 70% allocated to stock ROLL is 0.227 or 22.7%.To find the standard deviation of a portfolio with 30% allocated to stock ROCK and 70% allocated to stock ROLL, use the following formula:
σp = √[(wrock)^2 × σrock^2 + (wroll)^2 × σroll^2 + 2(wrock)(wroll) × σrock × σroll × ρrock,roll]
Where,σp = Standard deviation of portfolio with two stocks
wrock = Proportion of investment in stock
ROCKwroll = Proportion of investment in stock
ROLLσrock = Standard deviation of stock
ROCKσroll = Standard deviation of stock
ROLL Rock and
Roll stocks E(rROCK) = 0.11SDrock = 0.20E(rROLL) = 0.15SDroll = 0.25rf = 0.02ρrock,roll = 0.75σp = √[(0.3)^2 × (0.20)^2 + (0.7)^2 × (0.25)^2 + 2(0.3)(0.7) × (0.20)(0.25) × (0.75)]σp = 0.227 or 22.7%.
Therefore, the standard deviation of a portfolio with 30% allocated to stock ROCK and 70% allocated to stock ROLL is 0.227 or 22.7%. Portfolio is a combination of multiple investments, such as stocks, bonds, and real estate. Investors who diversify their investments across different types of securities may reduce their overall risk since their investments' returns are not closely linked to one another.
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This exercise parallels the machine-purchase decision for the Mendoza Company that is discussed in the body of the chapter. Assume that Mendoza is exploring whether to enter a complementary line of business. The existing business line generates annual cash revenues of approximately $4,800,000 and cash expenses of $3,720,000, one-third of which are labor costs. The current level of investment in this existing division is $12,650,000. (Sales and costs of this division are not affected by the investment decision regarding the complementary line.)
Mendoza Company must consider the following things before making a purchase decision for the machine:
The ROI and PBP should be considered before the company buy the machine. ROI is an essential aspect to evaluate before investing in a new venture. ROI measures how much profit an investment generates compared to its cost. PBP, on the other hand, is the length of time required for an investment to recoup its initial outlay. The formula for calculating ROI is simple. ROI = (gain from investment – cost of investment) / cost of investment. The PBP formula is equally easy. PBP = investment / annual cash inflow.
Buy choice is the point of view that drives a purchaser from recognizing a need, creating choices, and picking a particular item and brand. Featured in the Chapter: A Neuromarketing Perspective on How Typefaces Influence Purchase Decisions by Customers
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When You Shouldn't Go Global by Marcus Alexander and Harry
Korine Let us know your thoughts on that article
The article "When You Shouldn't Go Global" by Marcus Alexander and Harry Korine presents a thought-provoking perspective on the decision to expand globally and highlights scenarios where organizations may need to reconsider or delay their global expansion plans.
The authors argue that while going global is often seen as a desirable strategy for growth and market penetration, it is not always the best choice for every organization. They emphasize the importance of thoroughly assessing the readiness and capabilities of the organization before venturing into international markets.
One key point made in the article is the need for organizations to have a strong domestic foundation before expanding globally. It suggests that organizations should have a solid market position, established customer base, and stable financial performance in their home market before considering global expansion. This resonates well with the notion that successful global expansion requires a strong core business to support and sustain international operations.
Another important aspect discussed in the article is the consideration of cultural and contextual differences. The authors highlight the challenges that arise from operating in unfamiliar cultural environments, including language barriers, varying business practices, and regulatory complexities. They stress the importance of cultural sensitivity and the need to thoroughly understand the target market before entering it.
The article also emphasizes the significance of a well-defined strategy and resources allocation. It suggests that organizations should carefully evaluate the potential returns and risks associated with global expansion and ensure that they have the necessary resources, both financial and human, to support their international endeavors.
Overall, the article provides valuable insights and cautions against hasty global expansion without proper evaluation and preparation. It encourages organizations to critically assess their own capabilities, market conditions, and strategic fit before deciding to go global. By doing so, organizations can make more informed decisions about their global expansion plans and increase their chances of long-term success in international markets.
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management accounting, the benefit of Inventory management (800
words)
Management accounting and the benefits of inventory management Inventory management refers to the process of managing a company's inventory with the aim of maximizing profits and minimizing costs. It involves managing inventory levels, ordering and receiving inventory, and tracking inventory usage and sales.
Management accounting, on the other hand, is the process of analyzing and interpreting financial data to assist management in decision-making. Inventory management is important in management accounting as it helps in providing accurate information about inventory levels, usage, and costs.
This information is crucial in decision-making as it assists management in planning and controlling inventory levels and costs. Some of the benefits of inventory management in management accounting are discussed below:
1. Cost reduction Inventory management helps in reducing inventory holding costs, ordering costs, and stock-out costs. By managing inventory levels, a company can minimize the amount of inventory it holds, which reduces holding costs such as storage, insurance, and handling costs. Additionally, by ordering inventory in large quantities and at appropriate times, a company can minimize ordering costs. Furthermore, by avoiding stock-outs, a company can minimize stock-out costs such as lost sales and customer dissatisfaction.
2. Increased profitability By optimizing inventory levels, a company can increase profitability by reducing holding costs, ordering costs, and stock-out costs. Additionally, by having the right inventory at the right time, a company can increase sales, which increases revenue and profitability.
3. Improved decision-making Inventory management provides accurate and timely information about inventory levels, usage, and costs, which is crucial in decision-making. This information assists management in planning and controlling inventory levels and costs, as well as in making informed decisions about pricing, promotions, and product development.
4. Better customer service By managing inventory levels, a company can ensure that it has the right inventory at the right time, which improves customer service. By avoiding stock-outs, a company can fulfill customer orders on time, which improves customer satisfaction.
5. Enhanced competitiveness Inventory management assists in improving competitiveness by enabling a company to offer better customer service, lower prices, and better quality products. Additionally, by reducing costs, a company can offer lower prices than its competitors, which improves its competitiveness.
In conclusion, inventory management is crucial in management accounting as it provides accurate and timely information about inventory levels, usage, and costs, which assists management in decision-making.
The benefits of inventory management in management accounting include cost reduction, increased profitability, improved decision-making, better customer service, and enhanced competitiveness.
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Question 40 1 pts A firm in a perfectly competitive market is producing at a quantity (Q) level where the marginal revenue is equal to $20 and the marginal cost is equal to $15. What should the firm d
Answer: The firm should increase production until marginal revenue equals the marginal cost i.e. up to Q level where marginal cost is equal to $20.
Explanation: In a perfectly competitive market, the firms are price-takers, they can only set their output level to maximize their profit. The firm can earn maximum profit when its marginal revenue equals its marginal cost. The marginal cost is the cost to produce one additional unit of output. In the given case, the marginal cost of producing a unit is $15, and the marginal revenue of selling a unit is $20. The firm should produce more output until the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. This means, the firm should produce up to the level of Q where the marginal cost is equal to $20 and marginal revenue is equal to $20. At this level, the firm is maximizing its profit.
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In the Managerial Solution, we estimated a focus group's demand curve for iTunes downloads. The estimated coefficient on price was-413, and the 1-statistic was -12.8. What is the standard error of this estimated coefficient?
The standard error of the estimated coefficient is 32.11.
In the Managerial Solution, a focus group's demand curve for iTunes downloads is estimated. The estimated coefficient on price is -413, and the 1-statistic is -12.8. We need to find the standard error of the estimated coefficient. The formula for calculating standard error is `s.e. = b/ t`.
Here, b is the estimated coefficient, and t is the 1-statistic. We have the value of b as -413, and t as -12.8.
So, the standard error can be calculated as follows:
Standard error = -413/-12.8= 32.11
Therefore, the standard error is 32.11.
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Corporations have been around for a long time, but limited liability companies (LLCs), which have many of the characteristics of corporations, have become popular in recent years.
1. When is an LLC a better choice for a form of business than a corporation? Why?
2.When is a corporation a better choice for a form of business than an LLC? Why?
1. An LLC may be a better choice for a form of business than a corporation in certain circumstances. Firstly, LLCs provide flexibility in terms of management structure.
Unlike corporations, which have a more rigid hierarchy with a board of directors and officers, LLCs allow for a more informal and adaptable management structure. This can be advantageous for smaller businesses or those with a more collaborative decision-making process.
LLCs offer greater flexibility in tax treatment. By default, LLCs are taxed as pass-through entities, meaning that profits and losses are passed through to the owners' personal tax returns. This avoids the double taxation that corporations face, where both the business and its owners are taxed on profits. LLCs also have the option to elect corporate tax treatment if it aligns better with their financial goals.
2. A corporation may be a better choice for a form of business than an LLC in certain situations. Firstly, corporations offer limited liability protection to shareholders.
This means that the personal assets of shareholders are separate from the corporation's debts and obligations, providing a higher level of protection against business-related liabilities. In an LLC, while members have limited liability, it may not be as robust as the corporate structure.
Secondly, corporations are often preferred when seeking external funding or issuing shares to raise capital. The corporate structure, with its well-defined ownership shares and established market for buying and selling stocks, is more familiar and attractive to investors. This can make it easier for corporations to access capital for growth or expansion compared to LLCs.
Overall, the choice between an LLC and a corporation depends on various factors, such as the business's size, management structure preferences, tax considerations, liability protection needs, and funding requirements. Consulting with legal and financial professionals is essential to make an informed decision based on the specific circumstances and goals of the business.
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if the yield to maturity on a bond is greater than the coupon rate you can assume : A. the price is below the par
B.risk premiums have decreased
C.the price is above the par
D.interest rates have decreased
If the yield to maturity on a bond is greater than the coupon rate, you can assume that the price is below the par. The correct option is A.
Yield to maturity is the total return anticipated on a bond if it is held until it matures. Yield to maturity is expressed as a percentage, and it factors in the bond's purchase price, face value, coupon rate, and time until maturity. The yield to maturity is frequently regarded as a bond's "true" yield since it reflects the total return an investor would receive if they held the bond until maturity.The yield to maturity (YTM) is the total return expected on a bond if it is held until it matures. Yield to maturity is expressed as a percentage and is usually referred to as YTM in finance.
A coupon rate is the yield paid by a fixed-income security to its investors, calculated by dividing the security's annual interest payment by its face value. A coupon rate is a bond's stated interest rate, which determines the amount of interest paid per year. This is expressed as a percentage of the bond's par value.
The par value of a bond is the face value of a bond. It is the value of the bond that is stated on the certificate or other document representing the bond. The par value of a bond is the amount that the bond issuer will pay the bondholder at the bond's maturity date. It is also referred to as the face value or principal amount.
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please show steps how to solve
An investor deposits $450 in her savings account today, and then 3 years from today, she deposits $X. IF the interest rate is 4% and her account has $679.45 exactly 5 years from today, what is X?
To solve the problem, we can use the concept of compound interest and the formula for calculating the future value of an investment.
Let's break down the information given:
The investor deposits $450 in her savings account today.
The interest rate is 4%.
The account has $679.45 exactly 5 years from today.
We need to find the value of X, which is the deposit made 3 years from today.
Here are the steps to solve the problem:
Step 1: Calculate the future value of the initial deposit of $450 after 5 years.
Using the compound interest formula:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Interest Rate)
Substituting the given values:
$679.45 = $450 * (1 + 0.04)⁵
Step 2: Solve for the value of (1 + 0.04)⁵
Divide both sides of the equation by $450:
($679.45 / $450) = (1 + 0.04)⁵
Step 3: Calculate the value of (1 + 0.04)^5.
Raise both sides of the equation to the power of (1/5):
Simplifying:
(1 + 0.04) = (679.45 / 450)¹⁻⁵
Step 4: Calculate the value of (679.45 / 450)^(1/5).
Raise both sides of the equation to the power of 5:
(1 + 0.04)⁵ = (679.45 / 450)⁵
Simplifying:
(1 + 0.04)⁵ = 679.45 / 450
Step 5: Solve for the value of (1 + 0.04)⁵
Taking the fifth root of both sides of the equation:
1 + 0.04 = (679.45 / 450)¹⁻⁵
Simplifying:
1.04 = (679.45 / 450)¹⁻⁵
(1.04)⁵ = (679.45 / 450)⁵
Simplifying:
(1.04)⁵ = 679.45 / 450
Step 7: Solve for the value of (1.04)⁵
Taking the fifth root of both sides of the equation:
1.04 = (679.45 / 450)¹⁻⁵
Step 8: Calculate the value of (679.45 / 450)¹⁻⁵
Raise both sides of the equation to the power of 5:
(1.04)⁵ = 679.45 / 450
Step 9: Solve for the value of X.
Multiply both sides of the equation by $450:
$450 * (1.04)⁵ = 679.45
Subtract $450 from both sides:
X = $450 * (1.04)⁵ - $450
Using a calculator, evaluate the right side of the equation to find the value of X.
By following these steps, you can calculate the value of X in the given problem.
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Discuss the different types of unionism and possibilities in the 21st century."
Unionism is a strategy that workers use to improve their working conditions and make their voices heard. It is an organized effort by workers to enhance their working conditions, pay, and job safety.
The following are the types of unionism:
Craft unionismIndustrial unionismGeneral unionismThe craft unionism refers to the unionization of workers that share a particular skill or trade, such as carpenters, electricians, plumbers, or other skilled trades. They share common interests and represent themselves.
Craft unions are often associated with trades that have a long history and a tradition of independent, highly skilled workers. They tend to be more protective of their trades than other types of unions.
Industrial unionism refers to the unionization of workers that are employed in the same industry, regardless of their specific trade or skill. Industrial unions are less concerned with specific trades and focus more on issues that are common to the entire industry, such as working conditions, wages, and benefits.
General unionism is the most common type of unionism. It represents workers from various industries or trades.
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A company estimates that warranty expense will be 4% of sales. The company's sales for the current period are $233,000. The current period's entry to record the warranty expense is:
a. Debit Warranty Expense $9320; credit Sales $9320.
b. Debit Warranty Expense $9320; credit Estimated Warranty Liability $9320.
c. Debit Estimated Warranty Liability $9320; credit Warranty Expense $7400.
d. Debit Estimated Warranty Liability $9320; credit Cash $9320.
e. No entry is recorded until the items are returned for warranty repairs.
The current period's entry to record the warranty expense would be: b. Debit Warranty Expense $9,320; credit Estimated Warranty Liability $9,320.
The estimated warranty expense is calculated as a percentage of sales, which in this case is 4% of $233,000. The debit to the Warranty Expense account reflects the increase in the expense, while the credit to the Estimated Warranty Liability account represents the corresponding increase in the liability for potential warranty claims.
Therefore, option b is the correct entry to record the warranty expense.
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T/F. A conflict involves a serious clash of values, perceptions, or ideas and can jeopardize productivity in terms of one's relationships at work and dealings with customers
True. A conflict involves a serious clash of values, perceptions, or ideas, and it has the potential to disrupt relationships and productivity in the workplace.
Conflicts can arise due to differences in opinions, goals, or approaches, leading to tension and strain among individuals or groups. When conflicts remain unresolved or escalate, they can have negative consequences on teamwork, communication, and overall work environment.
Conflicts can impact relationships with colleagues, superiors, and even customers, as they can create a hostile or uncooperative atmosphere. Productivity may suffer as focus and energy are diverted towards the conflict rather than the tasks at hand.
Therefore, it is important to address conflicts promptly and effectively to minimize their impact and maintain a positive and productive working environment.
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The balance sheet for the newly formed ACME Bank is shown below. Reserves listed on the balance sheet are reserves on deposit at the Federal Reserve. Cash is vault cash held in the bank. Instructions:
The balance sheet given above is for the newly formed ACME Bank, in this balance sheet, the reserve shown is the reserve deposited at the Federal Reserve while the cash shown is the vault cash held by the bank, we can observe that the bank has total assets worth $1,025,000, out of which $825,000 is loans and $200,000 is cash.
Similarly, the bank's total liabilities are worth $1,025,000, out of which $800,000 is deposits, $200,000 is capital and $25,000 is reserves. A bank's balance sheet is an essential tool for analyzing its financial health. It provides a snapshot of a bank's assets, liabilities, and equity at a particular point in time. Banks aim to maintain a healthy balance sheet to maintain the confidence of depositors and regulators.
As we observe in the above balance sheet, the bank has more assets than liabilities, making it solvent. The excess of assets over liabilities reflects the bank's net worth or equity. The balance sheet is used to calculate important financial ratios such as return on equity, capital adequacy ratio, and leverage ratio, which determine the bank's ability to meet its obligations and generate profits. So therefore we can observe that the bank has total assets worth $1,025,000, out of which $825,000 is loans and $200,000 is cash.
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Consider one of the organizations you have been affiliated with. What are some examples of human resource practices that were consistent with that organization’s strategy? What are examples of practices that were inconsistent with its strategy?
One organization that I have been affiliated with is a technology startup company that aimed to disrupt the e-commerce industry by offering innovative solutions. The organization's strategy was centered around agility, innovation, and attracting top talent.
1. Flexible Work Arrangements: The company offered flexible work hours and remote work options, allowing employees to have a better work-life balance and fostering a culture of trust and autonomy. This practice aligned with the organization's focus on agility and innovation.
2. Emphasis on Continuous Learning: The organization provided opportunities for employees to participate in training programs, attend conferences, and engage in skill development activities. This practice promoted a culture of continuous learning and innovation, supporting the organization's strategic objective of staying ahead in a rapidly evolving industry.
3. Recruiting Top Talent: The company had a rigorous recruitment process that focused on attracting and hiring top talent with a strong track record of innovation and creativity. This practice aligned with the organization's strategy of being at the forefront of technological advancements.
On the other hand, there were some human resource practices that were inconsistent with the organization's strategy:
1. Lack of Performance Recognition: The organization had a limited system in place for recognizing and rewarding exceptional performance. This inconsistency undermined the company's goal of attracting and retaining top talent by not adequately acknowledging and motivating high performers.
2. Limited Career Development Opportunities: The company did not have a well-defined career development framework or clear growth paths for employees. This inconsistency hindered the organization's strategy of attracting and retaining talented individuals by not providing them with sufficient opportunities for career progression and skill enhancement.
Addressing these inconsistencies would involve aligning the recognition and rewards system with performance outcomes and implementing a robust career development program that offers clear growth opportunities. By doing so, the organization would strengthen its alignment between human resource practices and its overall strategy, thereby enhancing its ability to attract and retain top talent and drive innovation and success.
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Discuss the views of population pessimists, population optimists and population revisionists in the context. You are required to discuss the various economic channels through which population growth affects economic growth for each or their theories
Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth Population growth restricts economic growth - The "pessimistic" Theory Population growth promotes economic growth 1 The "optimistic" theory Population growth is independent of economic growth - The "neutralist" theory
Population growth affects economic growth, and there are different views on the relationship between population growth and economic growth. Population pessimists believe that population growth is a hindrance to economic growth. Population optimists believe that population growth promotes economic growth.
Population revisionists, on the other hand, believe that the relationship between population growth and economic growth is more complicated. They believe that population growth has both positive and negative effects on economic growth. Population pessimists believe that population growth is a hindrance to economic growth. They argue that population growth leads to a reduction in the quality of life and an increase in poverty. They also argue that population growth leads to a shortage of resources, which in turn leads to a reduction in productivity and economic growth.
Population optimists, on the other hand, believe that population growth promotes economic growth. They argue that population growth leads to an increase in the number of workers and consumers, which in turn leads to an increase in production and economic growth. They also argue that population growth leads to an increase in innovation and technological progress, which in turn leads to an increase in productivity and economic growth.
Population revisionists believe that the relationship between population growth and economic growth is more complicated. They believe that population growth has both positive and negative effects on economic growth. They argue that population growth leads to an increase in demand for goods and services, which in turn leads to an increase in production and economic growth. They also argue that population growth leads to an increase in innovation and technological progress, which in turn leads to an increase in productivity and economic growth.
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There were 2,000 units of product AG on hand at December 31, 2019. Product AG was incorrectly valued at $38 per unit for reporting purposes. All 2,000 units were sold in 2020. Assume that Monty follows ASPE, and answer the following questions. (a) Was net income for 2019 overstated or understated? By how much? (Ignore income tax aspects.) Net income for 2019 is overstated ✓ by $ 6000 (b) Was net income for 2020 overstated or understated? By how much? Net income for 2020 is by $
There were 2,000 units of product AG on hand on December 31, 2019. Product AG was incorrectly valued at $38 per unit for reporting purposes. The net income for 2020 is not overstated or understated.
All 2,000 units were sold in 2020. (a) (Ignore income tax aspects.)The incorrect valuation is higher than the actual valuation. So, the Net income for 2019 is overstated by $6,000.= $38 - $32 (the actual valuation price)Net Income = 2000 units × $6 per unit= $12,000
(b) In 2020, all 2000 units were sold. So, the incorrect valuation did not affect the net income of 2020. The Net income for 2020 is $0 as all units were sold. Hence, the net income for 2020 is not overstated or understated.
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The charter of a corporation provides for the issuance of 150,000 shares of common stock. Assume that 62,000 shares were originally issued and 12,700 were subsequently reacquired. What is the number of shares outstanding?
a.62,000
b.150,000
c.12,700
d.49,300
The number of shares outstanding is 49,300 shares, which corresponds to option d.
To determine the number of shares outstanding, we subtract the number of shares reacquired from the number of shares originally issued.
In this case:
Number of shares originally issued = 62,000 shares
Number of shares subsequently reacquired = 12,700 shares
We can calculate the number of shares outstanding using the formula:
Number of shares outstanding = Number of shares originally issued - Number of shares subsequently reacquired
Number of shares outstanding = 62,000 shares - 12,700 shares
Number of shares outstanding = 49,300 shares
Therefore, the correct answer is option d.
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marketing question advertising
V. Discussion (15') Define issues affecting the management of creative strategy and its implementation? C) se C) op D) co C) m. B) Bra A) con B) cog D) do/f B) Obje C) creati C) brand B) paralle B) ow
The various issues that affect the management of creative strategy and its implementation in advertising are listed below: Coordination, brand knowledge, objectives, paralleling of objectives, creative brief, creative quality, constraints, and cooperation.
Coordination: All the team members involved in the process of creative strategy and its implementation must be on the same page. There should be no communication gaps in the team to develop an effective creative strategy and put it into action. Brand knowledge: The marketing manager should be familiar with the brand that he/she is promoting. Without proper knowledge about the brand, it becomes difficult to create a creative strategy that suits the brand. Objectives: The objectives of the creative strategy should align with the organization's objectives. An effective creative strategy must achieve the organization's objectives and should also attract the target audience to the brand. Paralleling of objectives: The creative strategy should not conflict with the organization's objectives or values. Instead, it should complement and support them. Creative brief: The creative brief is an important document that outlines the strategy for the creative team. It should contain all the necessary information and data to help the creative team work efficiently. Creative quality: The creative quality should be consistent with the creative brief. The creative team should keep the client's requirements in mind while developing the creative strategy and its implementation. Constraints: Budget and time constraints can affect the implementation of a creative strategy. It is the marketing manager's responsibility to ensure that the creative strategy is implemented within the allocated budget and time frame. Cooperation: Cooperation between different teams is necessary to develop an effective creative strategy and its implementation. The team should be open to feedback and be able to make necessary changes to the creative strategy if needed.Learn more about Creative Startegies :- https://brainly.com/question/5971614
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2-42
Gross Margin and Contribution Margin
General Mills produces and sells food products such as cereals (Cheerios and Wheaties) and baking products (Gold Medal flour and Betty Crocker cake mixes). A condensed 1994 income statement follows (in millions):
Sales
Costs of goods sold
Gross margin
Other operating expenses
Operating income
$8.517
4,458
4,059
3,306
$
753
Required
Assume that $960 million of the cost of goods sold is a fixed cost representing depreciation and other production costs that do not change with the volume of production. In addition, $2,120 million of the other operating expenses is fixed.
1. Compute the total contribution margin for 1994 and the contribution margin percentage. Explain why the contribution margin differs from the gross margin.
2. Suppose that sales for General Mills were predicted to increase by 10% in 1995 and that the cost behavior was expected to continue in 1995 as it did in 1994. Compute the predicted operating income for 1995. By what percentage did this predicted 1995 operating income exceed the 1994 operating income?
3. What assumptions were necessary to compute the predicted 1995 operating income in requirement 2?
Total contribution margin = sales - variable costs.Contribution margin percentage = (contribution margin / sales) x 100 For General Mills:Total contribution margin = 8,517 - (4,458 - 960) = 5,019 Contribution margin percentage = (5,019 / 8,517) x 100 = 59.02%.
The difference between the contribution margin and the gross margin is the fixed costs, which were subtracted from the sales to obtain the contribution margin, but included in the cost of goods sold to obtain the gross margin. 2. Predicted operating income for 1995 = 0.1(8,517) + 4,059 - 3,306 - 2,120 = $834.3 million Percentage increase in predicted operating income from 1994: (834.3 - 753) / 753 x 100 = 10.80%.
3.The assumptions that were necessary to compute the predicted 1995 operating income are that:Sales are predicted to increase by 10%.The cost behavior will continue in 1995 as it did in 1994.Fixed costs are not expected to change in 1995.
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Why would a potential lender be interested in fixed assets and current assets when reviewing the balance sheet of a company applying for a long-term loan? How right equity financing versus debt financing meact a potencial lender's decision?
A potential lender reviews fixed assets and current assets on a company's balance sheet for a long-term loan to assess collateral and liquidity.
Fixed assets, like property and equipment, can be used as collateral, providing security for the lender in case of default. They also indicate the company's long-term investment and cash flow potential. Current assets, such as cash and inventory, reflect short-term liquidity and the ability to meet obligations.
Equity financing, where owners bear risk, provides more cushion for lenders compared to debt financing, which increases the lender's risk. Lenders consider the company's debt-to-equity ratio, profitability, and cash flow to evaluate financial stability. Higher equity and lower debt-to-equity ratio signify better stability, reducing the lender's risk.
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Discuss what if an individual want to borrow money from the bank
what will the bank look at to see if an individual will manage to
honor her obligations?
If an individual wants to borrow money from a bank, the bank will evaluate their credit worthiness and assess whether or not they will be able to pay back the loan.
The following are some of the things that the bank will look at to determine if the individual will be able to honor their obligations: Credit score: A credit score is a number assigned to an individual that reflects their creditworthiness. If an individual has a credit score of more than 100, the bank will be more likely to approve their loan request, as a higher score indicates that they are a lower credit risk. Income: The bank will also look at the individual's income to determine if they will be able to make their loan payments.
They will compare the individual's income to their debt-to-income ratio to determine if they can afford the loan. This is the ratio of the individual's monthly debt payments to their monthly income. Collateral: The bank may also require collateral, such as a car or a home, to secure the loan. This provides the bank with some assurance that they will be able to recover their money if the individual defaults on their loan. History of repayment: The bank may check the individual's repayment history to see if they have any late payments or delinquent accounts.
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T/F tiger woods is paid high endorsement fees by companies because his marginal revenue product is very high
True. Tiger Woods is paid high endorsement fees by companies because his marginal revenue product is very high.
Marginal revenue product (MRP) is the additional revenue earned by the company when it hires an additional unit of a resource such as labor, capital, or land. It measures the value of each additional unit of the resource in terms of its contribution to the firm's revenue. Tiger Woods is one of the most famous golfers in the world, and his success has led to many lucrative endorsement deals. The value of his endorsement contracts is so high because he is a popular and successful athlete. He has won numerous awards, including 82 PGA Tour events, 15 major championships, and two FedEx Cup championships. The companies that hire Tiger Woods for endorsements expect him to boost their revenue through increased brand recognition and sales. Therefore, his marginal revenue product is very high. He has endorsed brands such as Nike, Pepsi, Gillette, and Rolex, which have contributed significantly to his net worth and the overall revenue of the companies he works with.
In conclusion, Tiger Woods is paid high endorsement fees by companies because its marginal revenue product is very high.
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Boutique and Corneo are two competing garment businesses that produces only one type of product. Information about the expected sales volume, price and cost structures of the two businesses are given below: Boutique 1,200 450 Corneo 1,000 480 Budgeted monthly sales Selling price Variable cost per unit Direct material Conversion costs Fixed cost per month 120 260 50,000 100 230 120,000 Assume a tax rate of 28% Required: 1. Calculate the following for Boutique: (a) Break-even in dollars. (3 marks) (b) Target sales volume in units, assuming a target profit of $30,000 after tax. (4 marks) (c) Margin of safety as a percentage. (3 marks) (d) If Boutique's conversion cost increase by 6%, how many units will the company have to sell to reach its break-even point? (3 marks) 2. Calculate the sales volume that will result in Boutique and Corneo having the same operating profit. (5 marks)
Boutique and Corneo are two garment businesses that are in competition and produce only one type of product. The expected sales volume, price, and cost structures of both businesses are given below:Budgeted monthly sales:Selling price:Variable cost per unit .
Calculation of Break-Even in Dollars for Boutique is done as follows:Total Fixed Cost = $50,000Variable cost per unit = $260Selling price per unit = $450Let's use the following equation to calculate the break-even point: Break-even point = Fixed costs / (Sales price per unit - Variable costs per unit)Break-even point = $50,000 / ($450 - $260) = 314.1Thus, Boutique's break-even point is $141,041.56. Calculation of Target sales volume in units, assuming a target profit of $30,000 after tax for Boutique:Target net profit = Operating profit * (1 - Tax rate)Target net profit = $30,000 / (1 - 0.28) = $41,666.67.
We can use the following equation to determine the required sales volume: Target unit sales = (Fixed costs + Target net profit) / (Sales price per unit - Variable costs per unit)Target unit sales = ($50,000 + $41,666.67) / ($450 - $260) = 320.6Thus, Boutique will need to sell 321 units to achieve its target net profit of $30,000 after tax. The calculation of Margin of safety as a percentage for Boutique is done as follows:Margin of safety = (Actual Sales – Break-even sales) / Actual SalesMargin of safety = (1,200 - 314.1) / 1,200 = 73.83%Thus, Boutique has a margin of safety of 73.83%. If Boutique's conversion cost increases by 6%,.
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QUESTION 1 a) Contrast an FIVE (5) differences between process costing and job costing.
b) ABC Limited uses 50,000 units of a component. The cost is $2.50 per component. The ordering cost per order is $160 while holding cost is $12 per unit. The normal quantity that is ordered is 8,000 per order but the Managing Director thinks too much money is locked up in stocks. REQUIRED: Clarify the EOQ of the company from the information provided. Advice the Managing Director on the best possible decision.
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) for ABC Limited can be calculated based on the given information to determine the optimal ordering quantity.
The company should consider reducing the ordering quantity from 8,000 to a lower value to minimize holding costs and free up locked-up funds.
The EOQ formula is used to find the optimal order quantity that minimizes the total cost of inventory management. EOQ can be calculated as √[(2 × Ordering Cost × Annual Demand) / Holding Cost per Unit]. In this case, the annual demand is 50,000 units, the ordering cost is $160 per order, and the holding cost is $12 per unit. By plugging these values into the formula, the company can determine the optimal ordering quantity.
Reducing the ordering quantity would lead to a decrease in holding costs and lower the amount of money tied up in inventory. This decision should be based on other factors like demand patterns, lead times, and storage capacity.
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Which one of the following is not a reason why a company decides to enter foreign markets?
O To gain access to more buyers for the company's products/services
O To achieve lower costs and thereby become more cost competitive
O To further exploit the company's competitively valuable resources and capabilities
O To spread business risk across a wider geographic market area
O To build the profit sanctuaries necessary to wage guerilla offensives against global challengers endeavoring to invade the company's home market
The option "O To build the profit sanctuaries necessary to wage guerrilla offensives against global challengers endeavoring to invade the company's home market" is not a typical reason why a company decides to enter foreign markets.
The primary reasons for a company to enter foreign markets typically include:
To gain access to more buyers for the company's products/services.
To achieve lower costs and become more cost competitive.
To further exploit the company's competitively valuable resources and capabilities.
To spread business risk across a wider geographic market area.
The mentioned reason about building profit sanctuaries and waging guerrilla offensives against global challengers is not a common motivation for entering foreign markets. Instead, companies often expand globally to tap into new market opportunities, access resources, increase market share, and diversify their operations.
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Newcastle Coal Company is considering a project that requires an investment in new equipment of $3,600,000, with an additional $180,000 in shipping and installation costs. Newcastle estimates that its accounts receivable and inventories need to increase by $720,000 to support the new project, some of which is financed by a $288,000 increase in spontaneous liabilities (accounts payable and accruals).
The total cost of Newcastle's new equipment is___________ the and consists of the price of the new equipment plus the_______
The total cost of Newcastle's new equipment is $3,780,000, and consists of the price of the new equipment plus the shipping and installation costs.
The total cost of the new equipment for Newcastle Coal Company is calculated by adding the initial investment cost of the equipment ($3,600,000) to the additional costs of shipping and installation ($180,000). Therefore, the total cost of the new equipment is $3,780,000.
The investment in new equipment is not limited to just the purchase price. Additional costs such as shipping and installation expenses need to be considered when determining the total cost of the project. In this case, Newcastle estimates that it will incur $180,000 in shipping and installation costs in addition to the $3,600,000 price of the new equipment. By adding these two amounts together, the total cost of the new equipment for the project is determined to be $3,780,000.
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The city of Middleville is considering offering public bus service. Setting up the service will cost the city $1.6M (where M stands for million). The useful life of the buses is 18 years. Annual maintenance of the buses would cost $142,000 per year and they would need a major overhaul in year 11 that will cost a total of $880,000. This overhaul is in addition to the annual maintenance. Annual labor and administrative costs will begin at $165,000 in year 1 and grow at 2.0% per year thereafter. The buses will generate a revenue of $250,000 in year 1 and it will grow at 4.0% per year thereafter. Reduced parking requirements and other benefits generated by the project will save the city $325,000 per year. The salvage value (price the city can get in the future after maintenance) of the used buses in year 18 is expected to be $420,000. What is the NPV of the bus proposal? The city does not pay taxes and the discount rate is 7.7%. Assume that all cash flows except initial investments happen at the end of the year and you are strongly encouraged to use a spreadsheet to solve this problem.
A) $1,610,340.50
B) $1,110,695.76
C) $1,221,196.86
D) $1,262,224.64
To calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of the bus proposal, we need to discount the cash flows to their present value and subtract the initial investment. Let's calculate it step by step:
1. Calculate the annual cash flows:
Year 1: Revenue - Maintenance - Labor/Admin Costs - Parking SavingsYear 2-10: Revenue (growing at 4% per year) - Maintenance - Labor/Admin Costs - Parking SavingsYear 11: Revenue (growing at 4% per year) - Maintenance - Labor/Admin Costs - Parking Savings - Overhaul CostYear 12-17: Revenue (growing at 4% per year) - Maintenance - Labor/Admin Costs - Parking SavingsYear 18: Revenue (growing at 4% per year) - Maintenance - Labor/Admin Costs - Parking Savings + Salvage Value2. Discount each annual cash flow to its present value using the discount rate of 7.7%.
3. Sum up all the present values of cash flows.
4. Subtract the initial investment of $1.6 million.
Let's calculate the NPV using a spreadsheet:
Year | Cash Flow | Present Value (Discounted)
1 | $250,000 - $142,000 - $165,000 | $256,008.59 2-10 | $250,000 * (1.04)^(year-2) | $1,768,619.11 - $142,000 - $165,000 11 | $250,000 * (1.04)^(year-2) | $2,209,858.55 - $142,000 - $165,000 - $880,00012-17| $250,000 * (1.04)^(year-2) | $13,457,840.43 - $142,000 - $165,000 18 | $250,000 * (1.04)^(year-2) + $420,000 | $2,440,003.14 - $142,000 - $165,000 + $420,000Discount rate: 7.7%
Using the spreadsheet to calculate the present value for each year's cash flow, we find that the sum of all the discounted cash flows is approximately $14,733,860.32.
Finally, subtracting the initial investment of $1.6 million, we get:
NPV = $14,733,860.32 - $1,600,000 = $13,133,860.32Therefore, the NPV of the bus proposal is approximately $13,133,860.32. None of the given answer options matches this value, so none of the provided options are correct.
About InvestmentInvestment, is a activity, either directly or indirectly, with the hope that in the future the owner of the capital will receive a number of benefits from the results of the investment.
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if you wish to pursue an accounting job with a focus on cost analysis and budgeting, you would pursue the path of a:
If you wish to pursue an accounting job with a focus on cost analysis and budgeting, you would pursue the path of a Cost Accountant.
Cost accounting is a kind of accounting that aims to assist firms in assessing their processes by evaluating the costs of goods and services and then providing a report on those costs. Cost accounting techniques differ from those used in financial accounting in that they are created to help managers make better decisions.The following are some of the key roles of cost accountants:
Assess the costs of manufacturing a good or providing a service
Estimating the price of producing a product or service can be difficult. A cost accountant will assist a company in determining the direct and indirect expenses associated with producing a product or providing a service. The cost accountant will use a combination of methods to collect data on each expense and will include them in the cost analysis. By accurately assessing the costs associated with production, cost accountants can assist businesses in setting prices that are both competitive and profitable.
Analyzing cost variances.
Cost accountants study the differences between the expected costs and the actual costs of producing a good or providing a service. They investigate these variances to determine why there was a difference and what can be done to reduce the differences in the future.
Providing financial insightCost accountants can provide management with financial data that can aid in decision-making. By studying data and assessing the impact of cost changes on pricing and overall profitability, cost accountants may give insights that help management optimize performance and maintain the financial health of the firm.
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