When an object is subjected to a force such that the force's direction of action passes via the object's center of gravity or a fixed axis of rotation.
Only linear motion is caused by central force. In the straight section of the tracks, it is a force that affects a bobsleigh54. Eccentric force is an outside force57 whose vector line does not pass through the body's center of gravity. Eccentric force alters both rotary and linear motion. Torque, often known as a moment of force, is the turning result of an eccentric force. The product of the force's magnitude and the angle between its direction and the rotational axis determines the torque about any given point.
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4 two balanced three-phase loads that are connected in parallel are fed by a three-phase line having a series impedance of (0.4 1 j2.7) ω per phase. one of the loads absorbs 560 kva at 0.707 power factor lagging, and the other 132 kw at unity power factor. the line-to-line voltage at the load end of the line is 2200 ï3 v. compute (a) the line-to-line voltage at the source end of the line, (b) the total real and reactive power losses in the three-phase line, and (c) the total three-phase real and reactive power supplied at the sending end of the line. check that the total three-phase complex power delivered by the source equals the total three-phase complex power absorbed by the line and loads
The line to line voltage is 4160. The real power loss is 12 Kva , the reactive power loss is 81 Kvar. The total real power supplies is 540 kVa. The total reactive power supplied at the end of line is (540 + 477j)
a. How to solve for the line to line voltageThe first calculation is the per phase line to node voltage.
= 2200√3 / √3
= 2200 V
Next is three-phase complex power absorbed by load 1
560 x 10³ ∠cos-1(0.707)
= 560 x 10³∠45
Then we would have
(396 + j396)kva
We have S2 = 132kva
next is the total complex load calculation
(396 + j396 + 132)kva
= 528 + j396 kva
= 660 ∠36.87 degrees kva
total current that is in the line
= 660 x 10³ ∠-36.87 / 3 x 2200
= 100 ∠ -36.87 degrees kva
Using the voltage law of Kirchoff
E1 = E2 + ZLI
= (2200 + 0.4 + j2.7)100 ∠ -36.87
= 2200 ∠0 + (2.73 ∠ 81.57)(100 ∠ -36.87)
=2401∠4.5 degrees
√3 x 2401
= 4160
b. Total real and reactive loss
= 3 x (.4 + 2.7j)(100 x100)
= 30x10^3)(.4 + 2.7j)
= 12 + 81 j
find the real power loss
p = 12 kw
total power loss is 12 kw
The reactive power loss is 81 Kvar
c. total 3 phase power
2401.7∠4.58 and 100∠36.87
= 3(2401.7∠4.58 x 100∠36.87)
= (540 + 477j)
the total real power is 540 kW
The total complex power of load and line
(396 + j396)kva + 132 + (12 + 81j)
= (540 + 477j)
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A doctor is deciding how to treat a given disease. the doctor will precribe one medication, one dietary change, and one type of vitamin supplement. there are five medications, five dietary changes, and five types of vitamins the doctor might prescribe. how many combina-tions are possible?
The total combinations are possible is 125 combinations.
We need to know about math combinations to solve this problem. The combination is the number of ways to choose a sample of r elements from a set of n distinct objects where order does not matter and replacements are not allowed. It can be written as
nCr = n! / (r!(n-r)!)
where n is object and r is a sample
From the question above, we know that
1 vitamin supplement chosen has combination
5C1 = 5! / 1!(5-1)! = 5 combination
1 meditation chosen has combination
5C1 = 5! / 1!(5-1)! = 5 combination
and 1 dietary chosen has combination
5C1 = 5! / 1!(5-1)! = 5 combination
Hence, the total combination is
C = Cvitamin x Cmeditation x Cdietery
C = 5 x 5 x 5
C = 125 combinations
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Which of the following applies to using a hacksaw?
A. keep tension on the blade when not in use.
B. you can begin the cut with a file.
C. apply pressure on the return stroke.
D. don't apply pressure on the forward stroke.
The option that applies to using a hacksaw is option D. don't apply pressure on the forward stroke.
Can hacksaw cuts on the forward stroke?The hacksaw blade is one that should be installed with the teeth facing forward. The blade of the saw will cut when it is pushed (the forward stroke) as opposed to when it is pulled.
Note that Certain blades feature an arrow that helps to show or indicates the proper placement.
Note that when using a Hacksaw, the cutting action is said to be one that occur on the forward stroke, so a person should not place pressure when they are pulling the saw towards them.
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Enzo’s balance sheet for the month of July is shown.
Enzo’s Balance Sheet (July 2013)
Assets
Liabilities
cash
$600
credit card
$4,000
investments
$500
student loan
$2,500
house
$120,000
mortgage
$80,000
car
$6,000
car loan
$2,000
Total
$127,100
Total
$88,500
Which expression finds Enzo’s net worth?
127,100 dollars minus 88,500 dollars
127,100 dollars divided by 88,500 dollars
88,500 dollars + 127,100 dollars
88,500 dollars minus 127,100 dollars
If Enzo’s balance sheet for the month of July is has both assets and liabilities. The expression that will finds Enzo’s net worth is: A. 127,100 dollars minus 88,500 dollars .
What is Net worth ?Net worth can be determine by deducting the assets of a company by its liabilities which in turn implies that a company or an organization will tend to known their net worth after deducting their financial obligation (debt) from their assets .
Using this formula to find the net worth
Net worth = Assets -Liabilities
Where :
Assets = $127,100
Liabilities = $88,500
Let plug in the formula
Net worth = $127,100 -$88,500
Net worth = $38,600
Hence,
127,100 dollars minus 88,500 dollars .
= $38,600
Therefore the company would have to record their net worth in the amount of $36,800 making option A the correct option because assets minus the liabilities would give us $36,800.
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In basic spatial layout of a residential building, arrows can be added to show traffic patterns and the ________ of the arrows corresponds to the volume of traffic.
In basic spatial layout of a residential building, arrows can be added to show traffic patterns and the direction of the arrows corresponds to the volume of traffic.
Road markings known as "sharrows" or "shared lane markings" (SLMs) are used to designate a shared lane environment for cars and cyclists. Along with other advantages, shared lane markings support the validity of bicycle traffic on the roadway, advise optimal posture for cyclists, and can be set up to provide directional and navigational information. The shared lane marking is a pavement marking that can be used for a number of different purposes to support a full network of bikeways; it is not a facility type and should not be used in place of bike lanes, cycle tracks, or other separation treatments when such facilities are otherwise necessary or feasible.
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a solid steel shaft 3 m long is transmitting 12 mw at 400 rev/min. the working conditions to be satisfied by the shaft are: • the shaft must not twist more than 0.015 radian on a length of 10 times the diameter, i.e., 10d • the maximum shear stress must not exceed 70 mn/m2.
The diameter d of shaft is 0.319m
The actual maximum shear stress of the shaft is 44.95N/m^2
The angle of twist of the 3-m length shaft is 0.01409 rad
The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:
A solid steel shaft 3 m long is transmitting 12 MW at 400 rev/min. The working conditions
to be satisfied by the shaft are:
• The shaft must not twist more than 0.015 radian on a length of 10 times the diameter, i.e., 10D
• The maximum shear stress must not exceed 70 MN/m2.
If the modulus of rigidity of steel is 60 GN/m2 determine:
(a) The diameter of the shaft required
(b) The actual maximum shear stress and the angle of twist of the 3-m length shaft.
Part a
The diameter of the shaft
We use Torque equation to find diameter d:
[tex]\frac{T}{J} =\frac{G\theta }{L}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{12*10^{6}*60 }{25600d^{4} } =\frac{60*10^{9}*0.015 }{10d}[/tex]
[tex]d^{3} =0.032414[/tex]
d=0.319m
Hence, diameter of shaft d=0.319m
Part b
Actual maximum shear stress Y, and the angle of twist of the 3m length shaft
[tex]Y=\frac{16T}{\pi d^{3} }[/tex]
[tex]Y=\frac{16*286478.90}{\pi *0.319^{3} }[/tex]
[tex]Y=44.95N/m^{2}[/tex]
Angle of the twist
Let angle of twist = [tex]\theta[/tex]
[tex]\theta=\frac{TL}{GJ}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{286478.90*3}{60*10^{9}(\frac{\pi }{32}(0.019)^{9} }[/tex]
=0.01409rad
Angle of twist=0.01409 rad
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Give reasons why it is difficult to accurately determine the amount of carbon released from terrestrial ecosystems that are as a result of land-use change
Calculating the carbon footprint is difficult because of a lack of knowledge of all the factors of carbon emission on land.
Imagine drinking concentrated orange juice endlessly. because surely this is the best way to lose weight. Orange juice is recommended in moderation, but doctors are not the first to recommend it to people trying to lose weight.
Just as we don't want people to believe that more orange juice is the solution to the obesity pandemic, we don't want people to believe that the best way to fight climate change is to recycle more.
Recycling and blackouts are great steps towards a more sustainable society, but nothing is more important to the climate than reducing meat consumption, air travel, and driving.
People with good intentions often make the wrong decisions when it comes to reducing their carbon footprint.
For example, a test was conducted in which participants were selected and then the participants were then presented with 15 behaviors and asked to classify the behavior as low, medium, or high (with low representing less than 1% of a person's carbon footprint and high representing more than 5%).
Passenger car behavior is rightly regarded as critical in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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The reasons why it is hard to accurately determine the amount of carbon released from terrestrial ecosystems is that they are linked to sensitivity analysis and bias brought about by satellite data gap filling.
Additionally, the algorithms used for remote sensing do not effectively take into consideration environmental pressures such rooting depth, particularly in dry locations where plants depend on deep roots to access and maintain water availability.
What are the limitations about?The timing and size of terrestrial NPP are controlled by a variety of environmental factors on a global scale, such as climate, topography, as well as soils, plant and other forms of microbial characteristics, etc.
However, the relative contributions of these environmental factors to global NPP change over time and space. Globally, climatic change, including variations in temperature and precipitation, had a marginally favorable effect on NPP between 1982 - 1999.
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2. Local governments, communities, and the individuals that live there don't have an implied right to know about
the hazards around them.
A) True
B)False
Donald is installing a fuse on a neutral. In a residential, 120 V, 20 A  Circuit, what should the fuse be rated? A. If you should never be installed in the neutral. B.40A C.20 slow-blo D.20 A
The location at which a fuse should be installed in the 120 V, 20 A, residential circuit is in the live wire on the circuit, not in the neutral wire. The correct option is therefore;
A. A fuse should never be installed in the neutral.
What is the function of a fuse?The function of an electric fuse, which is a safety device, is to provide protection from an over flow of current in the circuit.
Generally, an electric fuse consists of a metal wire or filament that melts, due to its rise in temperature when excessive current or current at an unsafe level flows in the circuit, thereby opening the circuit, to protect the circuit and its components.
The effect of excessive or over current in a circuit is that it causes the circuit component to heat up and burn, such that the circuit and device stops functioning, and in some cases, may cause a fire.
The fuse, which is a circuit safety device, should be the first contact of the current.
Therefore;
The location of a fuse should be at the entrance point of current to the load which is the live wire.The fuse should not be installed on the neutral wire, gives that the burning of the fuse in the neutral, in the event of an over current, leaves the high current in the circuit, which can cause unwanted damage to the circuit.
The correct option is therefore option A;
A. A fuse should never be installed in the neutral
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what does the hall-petch equation tell you about the relation between the yield strength of a material and the size of the grain in that material? what is the reason behind this relation?
According to the Hall-Petch connection, by lowering grain size, we could make materials stronger than their own theoretical strength.
In fact, their strength rises with decreasing grain size until it reaches a peak at about 20–30 nm. The yield strength is further decreased when the grain size grows by annealing at higher temperatures, but further advancement in tensile elongation is constrained. Be aware that ductility increases slightly when grains are refined from 2 to 1 micrometers in the micrometer-grained scale. strength, ductility, and hardness. Nanocrystalline materials exhibit a significant increase in hardness and strength compared to their coarser-grained counterparts as a result of Hall-Petch strengthening (increase in hardness associated with a reduction in average grain size).
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Find the average of two numbers given by the user.
What the question wants is to write a code that would find and display the average of two numbers given by a user.
The code or program has been written and has been given below in C + +
The Program#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a, b, sum;
double avg;
cout << "Enter the first integer number: ";
cin >> a;
cout << "Enter the second integer number: ";
cin >> b;
sum = a + b;
avg = (double)sum / 2;
cout << "\nThe average of your numbers is: " << avg << "\n";
return 0;
}
The Output:Enter the first integer number: 2
Enter the second integer number: 4
The average of your numbers is: 3
A simple explanation of the code is that it makes use of mathematical operators to perform the calculations by first adding up the numbers and then finding the average of the two numbers by dividing the sum of the numbers with two which is the number of elements.
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air enters a compressor steadily at 1 bar, 290k, and 6 m/s through an inlet duct with an area of 0.1 m2. air exits the compressor at 7 bar, 450k, and 2 m/s. there is heat loss from the compressor at a rate of 180 kj/min. determine the power required to drive the compressor in kw
The compressor's efficiency must be taken into account; it is equivalent to 0.72, resulting in a needed power of 156*0.72 = 216.8 kW.
The compressor motor nameplate on the majority of industrial three phase air compressors will indicate the line voltage, which is commonly 240 V or 480 V. In our experience, the power factor of 50 to 150 horsepower compressors is approximately 85% when operating normally1. The amount of air the device can pump out is known as the compressor capacity. Compressor capacity and pressure may be easily distinguished from one another since the former reveals "how much" and the latter measures "how strong." the proportion between the maximum compressor load and the average compressor load for a given time period.
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a non-rotating solid round bar with diameter of 2-in has a groove cut to a diameter of 1.8-in, with a groove radius of 0.1-in. the bar is loaded with a repeated bending load that causes the bending moment at the groove to fluctuate between 0 and 25000 lbf-in. the bar is hot-rolled aisi 1095, but the groove has been machined. determine the factor of safety guarding against first-cycle yielding and the factor of safety against fatigue failure based on
A non-rotating solid round bar with diameter of 2-in has a groove cut to a diameter of 1.8-in, with a groove radius of 0.1-in. the bar is loaded with a repeated bending load that causes the bending moment at the groove to fluctuate between 0 and 25000 lbf-in. the bar is hot-rolled aisi 1095, but the groove has been machined. The factor of safety guarding against first-cycle yielding will be nf=1.11 and the factor of safety against fatigue failure will be ny=2.41.
From the table A-20 Deterministic ASTM minimum tensile and yield strengths for HR and CD steels, we have approximately:
D= 2.1, d (diameter) = 1.892, r= 0.117
Endurance limit for the material= Se'= 60 kpsi
According to the goodman relation= nf= 0.833
Yielding factor of safety: ny= Sy/σmax= 66/36.828
ny= 1.792
When the factor of safety is 1, the substance is practically at yield. Based on the greatest anticipated load situation, the majority of designers aim for a safety factor of between 2 and 4. Unless the maximum expected load is repeatedly applied, if some design elements experience yield, part failure is not necessarily the result.
The element of safety with regard to a fatigue failure at a specific design life is known as the fatigue safety factor. The Factor of Safety can go up to 15. Values less than one for the Fatigue Safety Factor imply failure before the design life is achieved.
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5.12 an evaporative cooling tower (see fig. p5.12) is used to cool water from 110 to 80 °f. water enters the tower at a rate of 250,000 lbm/hr. dry air (no water vapor) flows into the tower at a rate of 151,000 lbm/hr. if the rate of wet airflow out of the tower is 156,900 lbm/hr, determine the rate of water evaporation in lbm/hr and the rate of cooled water flow in lbm/hr.
The rate of cooled water flow in lbm/hr is 244100 lbm/hr.
We need to know about the mass rate to solve this problem. The rate of cooled water will be the same as the rate of water enters the tower minus by the wet water releasing to the air.
m' cooled water = m'water - m'released
From the question above, the given parameters are
m' water = 250000 lbm/hr
m'dry air = 151000 lbm/hr
m' wet air = 156900 lbm/hr
Find the rate of water released to the air
m'released = m'wet air - m'dryair
m'released = 156900 - 151000
m' released = 5900 lbm/hr
Calculate the rate of cooled water flow
m' cooled water = m'water - m'released
m' cooled water = 250000 - 5900
m' cooled water = 244100 lbm/hr
Hence, the rate of cooled water flow in lbm/hr is 244100 lbm/hr.
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The metal with the highest Young's modulus
technician a says it is important that a full battery test series be done before trying to test the starter system. technician b says the internal condition of the engine has little effect on the operation of the starting system.
When technician a says it is important that a full battery test series be done before trying to test the starter system, and technician b says the internal condition of the engine has little effect on the operation of the starting system, then only technician a is correct.
Ideally, before testing the starter system, full battery test series is to be completed. The reason for this is that both the performance of starter and battery system is so closely related.
And it should also be replaced if it fails the load test. The operation of the starting system will be influenced by the internal condition of the engine.
Therefore, technician a is right.
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Give reasons why it is difficult to accurately quantify the quantum of carbon released from terrestrial ecosystems that are as a result of land-use change.
The reason that makes it is difficult to accurately quantify the quantum of carbon released from terrestrial ecosystems are linked with Sensitivity analysis as well as bias made by gap filling of satellite data.
What is the principal quantum of carbon?
In its ground state, the six electrons of carbon (atomic number 6) in the second row of the periodic table occupy two of its primary energy levels, giving the highest-energy electron a principal quantum number n of 2.
Therefore, note that the act of carrying out Sensitivity analysis is a factor that has hindered the knowledge about the amount of release of carbon in the atmosphere.
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The major advantage of using compound joint snips over a single joint tool is increased. A. Keep tension on the blade when not in use. B. you can begin the cut with a file. C. Apply pressure on the return stroke. D. don't apply pressure on the forward stroke
The major advantage of using compound joint snips over a single joint tool is option B: you can begin the cut with a file.
What are compound action snips used for?Standard compound-action snips are known to be a form of a hand tool that is said to be made to cut steel or softer materials, yet it is not harmful to use them sometimes on stainless steel.
Note that the key or the major merit or benefit of using compound joint snips than the use of a single joint tool is due to the fact that a person can be able to use it to cut a lot of steel.
Hence, option B is correct.
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a designer requires a shunt regulator of approximately 20 v. two kinds of zener diodes are available: 6.8-v devices with r, of 100 and 5.1 -v devices with r, of 25 n. for the two major choices possible, find the load regulation. in this calculation neglect the effect of the regulator resistance r.
The load choices that are available in the question are:
three 6.8v zeners that would give 3 x 6.8-20 volts. This has the resistance of 30 ohms.The four 5.1 V zeners that would provide 4 x 5.1 20.4 volts. The resistance would be 100.How to determine the load choicesa. The 6.8 Zener diode
what is required would be 3 zener diodes. These would be able to provide 3 x 6.8 = 20. 4 output
The resistance would be 3 x 10 ohms = 30 Ohms.
b. For the 5.1 v zener diodeThe requirement here would be 4 zener diodes. This would have to provide 4 x 5.1 = 20.4 volts of output.
The resistance that it would have to give would be 4 x 25 = 100 ohms of resistance.
Therefore from the calculations that we have above we would have to conclude that the load regulation that is here without R would be
30 ohms for the case of a , while it would have to be 100 ohms for the case of b.
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Write a function named reverse that accepts a dictionary from integers to strings as a parameter and returns a new dictionary of strings to integers that is the original's "reverse". The reverse of a dictionary is defined here to be a new dictionary that uses the values from the original as its keys and the keys from the original as its values. Since a dictionary's values need not be unique but its keys must be, it is acceptable to have any of the original keys as the value in the result. In other words, if the original dictionary has pairs (k1, v) and (k2, v), the new dictionary must contain either the pair (v, k1) or (v, k2).
A function named reverse that accepts a dictionary from integers to strings as a parameter and returns a new dictionary of strings to integers that is the original's "reverse" is given below:
The Function# Function to create an empty stack. It
# initializes size of stack as 0
def createStack():
stack = []
return stack
# Function to determine the size of the stack
def size(stack):
return len(stack)
# Stack is empty if the size is 0
def isEmpty(stack):
if size(stack) == 0:
return true
# Function to add an item to stack . It
# increases size by 1
def push(stack, item):
stack.append(item)
# Function to remove an item from stack.
# It decreases size by 1
def pop(stack):
if isEmpty(stack):
return
return stack.pop()
# A stack based function to reverse a string
def reverse(string):
n = len(string)
# Create a empty stack
stack = createStack()
# Push all characters of string to stack
for i in range(0, n, 1):
push(stack, string[i])
# Making the string empty since all
# characters are saved in stack
string = ""
# Pop all characters of string and put
# them back to string
for i in range(0, n, 1):
string += pop(stack)
return string
# Driver code
s = "Geeksforgeeks"
print("The original string is : ", end="")
print(s)
print("The reversed string(using stack) is : ", end="")
print(reverse(s))
The OutputThe original string is : Geeksforgeeks
The reversed string(using stack) is : skeegrofskeeG
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Instantaneous rate of change what is it called in terms
What steps should be taken to evaluate the team member's level of competence What method did you use to resolve this problem if you somehow didn't receive the desired expertise?
The steps that should be taken to evaluate the team member's level of competence are:
A self assessment testAn assessor kind of review. Know development needs. An on as well as off job learning.Put the team In Real scenario.Ask for any form of Clients' Feedback.The method that I will use to resolve this problem if you somehow didn't receive the desired expertise is to ask a person from my team to teach me how to do it as well as consult external people or the internet.
Why is team competence crucial?Long used as a framework, competencies help direct employees' behavior toward the issues that are most important to an organization and contribute to success.
Therefore, They can offer a standard method to coordinate, pick out, and nurture talent. For workers, as well as managers, and ultimately the organization, the advantages are obvious.
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What does geothermal mean
Answer:
(adjective)
produced by the internal heat of the earth.
{thermal means heat}
3 4/5÷2/5 as a fraction
Answer:
9 1/2
Explanation:
3 4/5 is 3.8
2/5 is 0.4
divide 3.8 by 0.4 you get 9.5 which is 9 1/2 in a fraction
superheated steam enters a nozzle that has an inlet diameter that measures 2.5cm and an outlet diameter that measures 1 cm. its outlet velocity has been measured at 30 m/s. the steam that enters the nozzle is at 6508c and 1350 kpa and the steam that exits the nozzle is at 4008c and 100 kpa.
A steam nozzle is a channel or duct with a cross-sectional area that varies gradually and is used to transform the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy. The nozzle's shape is created to convert energy with the least amount of loss possible.
Steam loses both pressure and heat as it travels through the nozzle. The Rankine area is equal to the work completed, which is equal to the adiabatic heat decrease. Steam passing through nozzles can be thought of as expanding adiabatically. The gas's speed rises to supersonic (Mach number >1) as it travels through the diverging nozzle. If the flow is sonic at the throat, the flow rate is at its highest for the particular nozzle.
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the beam supports a uniform dead load of 0.4k/ft, a live load of 1.5k/ft and a single live concentrated force of 8k. determine (a) the maximum positive moment at c and (b) the maximum positive vertical reaction at b. assume a is a roller and b is a pin.
The maximum positive moment at c is 135k/ft
the maximum positive vertical reaction at b is 27k
Part a
Maximum positive moment at c
For maximum positive moment at C and as per Muller's principle, ILD influence line will be on moment at с, this is calculated using the equation below:
Maximum positive moment at c = [tex](\frac{1}{2} *20*5*(0.4+0.5) )+(5*8)[/tex]
= 135k.ft
Part b
Maximum positive vertical reaction at b
To find this using Muller's principle, we keep dead load throughout the span and consequently keep point load at B
Maximum positive vertical reaction at b = [tex](\frac{1}{2} *20*1*(0.4+1.5))+(1*8)[/tex]
= 27k
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superheated steam, with a state of 450 ∘c, 1.8 mpa , flows into an adiabatic mixing chamber at a rate of 0.31 kg/s . a second stream of dry, saturated water vapor, at 1.8 mpa , enters the chamber at a rate of 0.15 kg/s . there is no pressure loss in the system and the exit pressure is also 1.8 mpa .
Under normal relief conditions, where 10% accumulation is used, the permitted pressure drop in discharge pipe from the safety valve in vapor service is 10% of the set pressure, and under emergency fire conditions, where 20% accumulation is used, it is 20% of the set pressure
When calculating the size of the outlet piping, these influences must be considered since the pressure drop in the outlet piping affects the set pressure of a conventional safety relief valve and also affects the capacity of both a conventional and a bellows relief valve. If a pressure drop considerably impacts the set pressure or capacity of the relief valve, the discharge pipe from safety valves in liquid service must be raised. It cannot be smaller than the outlet connection on the safety valve.
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a portion of the keystone pipeline connecting oil production in canada and refining in the united states consists of a 0.76 m diameter pipe that carries 500,000 bbl of crude oil per day over a distance of 1744 km. calculate the average velocity (in m/s) of the oil in the pipe. hint: 500,000 bbl of oil has a volume of (500,000 bbl)×(158.97 l/bbl)/(1000l/m^3)
The average velocity (in m/s) of the oil in the pipe is 2.04m/s.
What is the velocity?It should be noted that from the information, the oil that is transported on a day = 500000 bbl. Based on the information given, this is equal to 79491.256 cubic meter.
It should be noted that the flow rate will be calculated as:
= Oil transported / Time taken
= 79491.256 / (24 × 60 × 60)
= 0.92m³ per second
It should be noted that the area will be calculated as:
A = πr²
where
π = 3.14
r = radius = Diameter / 2 = 0.76/2 = 0.38
Area = πr² = 3.14 × (0.34)² = 0.45m²
Now, the velocity will be calculated thus:
= Flow rate / Area
= 0.92 / 0.45
= 2.04m/s
In conclusion, the velocity is 2.04m/s.
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a 25-mm-diameter shaft is statically torqued to 230 nm. it is made of cast 195-t6 aluminum, with a yield strength in tension of 160 mpa and a yield strength in compression of 170 mpa. it is machined to final diameter. estimate the safety factor of the shaft
An estimate of the safety factor of the shaft is 1.10
We have the following:
Torque=230nm
Diameter=25mm
Yield tension=160mpa
Yield compression=170mpa
To estimate the safety factor of the shaft, we will have to find first the following:
Maximum shear stress:
Shear stress=[tex]\frac{16T}{\pi d^{3} }[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{16*230}{\pi *(25mm*\frac{10^{-3}m }{1mm})^{3} }[/tex]
=75MPa
We, now get the principle stress:
σ[tex]_{1}[/tex]=75MPa
σ[tex]_{2}[/tex]=-75MPa
The torsional yield strength:
Torsional yield strength=(yield strength in tension*yield strength in compression)/(yield strength in tension +yield strength in compression)
=(160*170)/(160+170)
=82.4MPa
Now, we can calculate the factor of safety using this given relation:
Factor of safety=(Torsional yield strength/Maximum shear stress)
=82.4MPa/75MPa
=1.0987
=1.10
Safety factor of the shaft, n=1.10
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A performance (HC) curve for a given centrifugal pump shows that
A. Flow rate increases as the head required to overcome system resistance increases
B. Flow rate decreases as the head required to overcome system resistance increases
C. Flow rate is constant regardless of the head required to overcome system resistance
D. Pump head is constant regardless of flow rate
A performance (HC) curve for a given centrifugal pump shows that option B. Flow rate decreases as the head required to overcome system resistance increases.
How does the centrifugal pump perform?The Centrifugal pump curves are helpful because they display metrics for the performance of the pump based on the head (pressure) the pump produces and the water flow through the pump. Impeller diameter, head, as well as the pump speed all affect flow rates.
Note that an instrument that predicts a pump's head and flow performance is a centrifugal pump performance curve. Pumps provide low volume flow rates when pumping against high-pressure heads and high volume flow rates if they are said to be pumping against low-pressure heads.
Therefore, one can say that every centrifugal pump has a curve that it follows in order to function, and every curve has a start point (the shut-off or zero flow) and an end point (the end-of-curve or the maximum flow that can be achieved without overtaxing the motor).
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