find values of the intrinsic carrier concentration n. for silicon at -55°c, 0°c, 20°c, 75°c, and 125°c. at each temperature, what fraction of the atoms is ionized? recall that a s

Answers

Answer 1

The intrinsic carrier concentration and the fraction of ionized atoms of silicon at -55℃, 0℃, 20℃, 75℃, 125℃ is calculated below.

The intrinsic carrier concentration in intrinsic material is the number of electrons found in the conduction band or holes in the valence band. This quantity of carriers is determined by the material's band gap as well as its temperature.

Because the number of holes equals the number of electrons, the concentration of each is equal to some amount, ni, and this quantity is known as the intrinsic carrier concentration, and the pure semiconductor material is referred to as intrinsic material.

Given:

B = 5.4 x [tex]10^{31}[/tex]

[tex]E_G[/tex] = 1.12 ev for silicon

K = 8.62 x [tex]10^{-5}[/tex]

Silicon crystal = 5 x [tex]10^{22}[/tex] atoms/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

To find:

Intrinsic carrier concentration, ni = ?

Fraction of ionized atom = ?

Formula:

[tex]ni^2 = BT^3 e^{\frac{-E_G}{KT}[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = ni / 5 x [tex]10^{22}[/tex]

Calculations:

(a) For -55℃:

T = -55 + 273 = 218K

ni = [tex]5.4 * 10^{31} * 218^3 * e^{(\frac{-1.12}{8.62 * 10^{-5} * 218})}[/tex]

ni = 2.7018 x [tex]10^6[/tex] carriers/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = 2.7018 x [tex]10^6[/tex] / 5 x [tex]10^{22}[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = 5.403 x [tex]10^{-17}[/tex] atoms/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

(b) For 0℃:

T = 0 + 273 = 273K

ni = [tex]5.4 * 10^{31} * 273^3 * e^{(\frac{-1.12}{8.62 * 10^{-5} * 273})}[/tex]

ni = 1.53 x [tex]10^9[/tex] carriers/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = 1.53 x [tex]10^9[/tex] / 5 x [tex]10^{22}[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = 3.07 x [tex]10^{-14}[/tex] atoms/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

(c) For 20℃:

T = 20 + 273 = 293K

ni = [tex]5.4 * 10^{31} * 293^3 * e^{(\frac{-1.12}{8.62 * 10^{-5} * 293})}[/tex]

ni = 8.65 x [tex]10^9[/tex] carriers/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = 8.65 x [tex]10^9[/tex] / 5 x [tex]10^{22}[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = 1.73 x [tex]10^{-13}[/tex] atoms/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

(d) For 75℃:

T = 75 + 273 = 348K

ni = [tex]5.4 * 10^{31} * 348^3 * e^{(\frac{-1.12}{8.62 * 10^{-5} * 348})}[/tex]

ni = 3.724 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex] carriers/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = 3.724 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex] / 5 x [tex]10^{22}[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = 7.449 x [tex]10^{-12}[/tex] atoms/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

(e) For 125℃:

T = 125 + 273 = 398K

ni = [tex]5.4 * 10^{31} * 398^3 * e^{(\frac{-1.12}{8.62 * 10^{-5} * 398})}[/tex]

ni = 4.75 x [tex]10^{12}[/tex] carriers/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = 4.75 x [tex]10^{12}[/tex] / 5 x [tex]10^{22}[/tex]

Fraction of ionized atom = 9.51 x [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] atoms/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

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Find Values Of The Intrinsic Carrier Concentration N. For Silicon At -55c, 0c, 20c, 75c, And 125c. At

Related Questions

50.0 mL of a Ba(OH)2 solution
were titrated with 66.90 mL of a
0.500 M HCl solution to reach the
equivalence point. What is the
molarity of the Ba(OH)2 solution?

Answers

According to the given statement 0.3345 M  is the molarity of the Ba(OH)₂ solution.

What is a molarity means?

The quantity of a substance in a specific solution volume is known as its molarity (M). The amount of moles of a solute every litre of a solution is referred to as molarity. The molecular concentration of a solution is another name for molarity.

Briefing:

Ba(OH)₂+  2HCl ⇒ BaCl₂ + H₂O

Ratio of moles Ba(OH)₂ ,  

HCl  = 1:2

Amount of HCl consumed

= 0.500/1000*66.90

= 0.03345 mol

So Ba(OH)₂ reacted = 1/2 * 0.03345 mol

If  molarity of Ba(OH)₂ is x then

x/1000*50 = 1/2 * 0.03345

x =  0.3345 M.

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The function group COOH is found in 1) esters 2)aldehydes 3)alcohols 4) organic acids

Answers

The functional group with the COOH setting is called Carboxylic acid, which is a type of organic acid, whereas Esters will have COOR representation, Aldehydes wl l be OCH and Alcohols OH, therefore the answer will be number 4

What is the number of atoms in 12.00 g of carbon-12?
How many atoms are there in a mole (mol) of carbon-12?

Answers

Answer: The number of atoms = Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10²³

Number of atoms in a mole = Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10²³

Explanation:

1.

Mole = [tex]\frac{given mass}{molar mass}[/tex]

Also, Mole = [tex]\frac{Number of atoms/molecules/ions}{Avagadro's Number}[/tex]

∴  [tex]\frac{given mass}{molar mass}[/tex]  = [tex]\frac{Number of atoms/molecules/ions}{Avagadro's Number}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{12}{12}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{number of atoms}{Avogadro's number}[/tex]

number of atoms = Avogadro's number

number of atoms = 6.022 × 10²³

2.

Mole = [tex]\frac{Number of atoms/molecules/ions}{Avagadro's Number}[/tex]

1 =  [tex]\frac{Number of atoms/molecules/ions}{Avagadro's Number}[/tex]

number of atoms = Avogadro's number

number of atoms = 6.022 × 10²³

Which is NOT a transition metal?
a tin
b copper
c gold
d rhodium

Answers

The answer is A) Tin


Tin is a post-transition metal.

Living things need __________ for thinking, eating and moving

Answers

Answer:

Living beings need survive for thinking,eating,and moving.

Answer:

Brain, mouth and legs

Explanation:

the following are needed for the above questions

Calculate the volume occupied by 5.44 g of oxygen gas (O2) at a pressure of 0.881 atm and a temperature of 27.4 C

Answers

After thoroughly calculating, we have come to find that, the volume occupied by 5.44 g of oxygen gas (O2) at a pressure of 0.881 atm and a temperature of 27.4 C is  4.76 L.

What is ideal gas law?

The equation of state of an ideal gas, also known as the general gas equation, is the ideal gas law. Even though it has a number of restrictions, it is a good approximation of the behaviour of many gases under a variety of conditions. T

he empirical Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-law Lussac's were all combined in Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron's first formulation of it in 1834. Often, the empirical form of the ideal gas law is used:

PV is equal to nRT where n is the quantity and R is the ideal gas constant, where p, V, and T are the pressure, volume, and temperature. As accomplished by August Krönig in 1856 and Rudolf Clausius in 1857, it can also be derived from the microscopic kinetic theory.

To find the volume we will use the ideal gas law

PV = nRT

Where.

P = pressure

V = volume

n = amount of substance

R = ideal gas constant

T = temperature

Here, we have give pressure of  0.881 atm

Temperature of 27.4 C = (27.4+273) = 300.4 K

5.44 g of O₂ gas convert it into moles

Mass/Molar mass = No. of moles

5.44/32 = 0.17 mol

R = 0.0821 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

We need to find volume that is

V = nRT/P

    = (0.17 × 0.0821 × 300.4)/ 0.881

    = 4.76 L

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Geologic maps are most recognized by their _____, which represent different _____.

size, rock units
colors, rock units
contour lines, elevations
symbols, rock ages

Answers

Geologic maps are most recognized by their contour lines, which represent different elevations. Option C

This is further explained below.

What are Geologic maps?

Generally, A geologic map, also known as a geological map, is a specialized map that is drawn out for the purpose of illustrating different geological phenomena.

The various rock units and geologic layers may be represented by different colors or symbols.

contour line: A curve along which a function has a constant value represents a contour line for a function with two variables.

This means that the curve unites points that have the same value at each point along the curve. It is a segment of the plane that is parallel to the plane that is taken from the three-dimensional graph of the function f.

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Calculate the % yield of the rection between 6.00 grams of salicylic acid and excess acetic anhydride to form 3.12 grams od Aspirin:

Answers

Answer:

You identify the limiting reactant by calculating the moles of product that can be formed from each reactant.

Explanation: Then you calculate the theoretical yield of product from the amount of the limiting reactant.

EXAMPLE Aspirin is prepared by the reaction between acetic anhydride and salicylic acid.

acetic anhydride + salicylic acid → aspirin + acetic acid

C 4 H 6 O 3 + C 7 H 7 O 3 → C 9 H 8 O 4 + C 2 H 4 O 2 m m A m l + m B m m → m l l C m l l + m l D

What is the theoretical yield of aspirin ( C ) if you reacted 4.32 g of acetic anhydride ( A ) with 2.00 g of salicylic acid ( B )?

Solution :

The molar masses are

Acetic anhydride = A = C 4 H 6 O 3 = 102.1 g/mol

Salicylic acid = B = C 7 H 6 O 3 = 138.1 g/mol

Aspirin = C = C 9 H 8 O 4 = 180.2 g/mol

Identify the limiting reactant We calculate the moles of each reactant and then use the molar ratios from the balanced equation to calculate the moles of aspirin.

Moles of aspirin from A = 4.32 g A × 1 mol A 102.1 g A × 1 mol C 1 mol A = 0.0423 mol C

Moles of aspirin from B = 2.00 g B × 1 mol B 138.1 g B × 1 mol C 1 mol B = 0.0145 mol C B gives the smaller amount of aspirin, so B is the limiting reactant.

Calculate the theoretical yield 0.0145 mol C × 180.2 g C 1 mol C = 2.61 g C

The table below shows the densities of the elements in Group 0 of the periodic table. Noble Gas helium neon argon krypton xenon radon Density (kg/m³) 0.2 0.9 1.8 3.7 5.9 9.7 Use the data from the table to draw a graph to show the trend in density as you move down Group 0.​

Answers

The graph below shows the densities of the elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.

What is periodic table?
The chemical elements are shown in tabular form on the periodic table, commonly referred to as the periodic table of the (chemical) elements. It is frequently used in physics, chemistry, and other sciences and is frequently regarded as a symbol of chemistry. It is a visual representation of the periodic law, which claims that the atomic numbers of chemical elements have a roughly periodic relationship with their attributes. The table is divided into four blocks that are about rectangular in shape. The table's columns are referred to as groups and its rows are known as periods.

The trend in density is that the density increases as you move down Group 0. This is because the elements in Group 0 are all noble gases. The noble gases are all gases at room temperature and pressure. The reason for this is that the noble gases all have full outer shells of electrons. This means that the attractive forces between the nuclei and the electrons are very weak. The noble gases are all very unreactive because of this. The reason that the density increases as you move down Group 0 is because the atoms get larger as you move down the group. The larger the atom, the more massive it is. This means that the atoms are more likely to collide with each other, and so the density of the gas increases.

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at 20°c, a cell containing 0.6m glucose is in equilibrium with its surrounding solution containing 0.5m glucose in an open container. what is the cell’s ψp?

Answers

The cell’s pressure potential or ψp is 2.44 bars if the cell contains 0.6M glucose at 20°c with its surrounding solution containing 0.5M glucose.

As;

ψoutside = ψcell ( here ψ represents water potential)

Therefore;

ψp outside + ψs outside = ψp cell + ψs cell ( Since, ψ = ψp + ψs)

As ψs = -iCRT, therefore

0 + (-iCRT outside) = ψp cell + (-iCRT cell)

In iCRT, i represents the ionization constant

C represents the Molar concentration

R represents the Pressure constant 0.0831 liter bars/mole at degrees Kelvin

T represents temperature (degree kelvin)

Substituting the values;

(-1)(0.5M)(0.0831)(20 + 273) = ψp - (1)(0.6M)(0.0831)(20 +273)

-12.17 = ψp cell - 14.61

ψp cell = (-12.17) + 14.61

ψp cell = 2.44 bars

Therefore, the cell’s pressure potential (ψp) is calculated to be 2.44 bars if the cell contains 0.6M glucose at 20°c with its surrounding solution containing 0.5M glucose.

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The relative atomic Mass of boron is 9. What do you mean by this statement?

Answers

Answer:

Boron has different isotopes with different atomic masses. The relative atomic mass of boron, which is 9, is the average of the atomic masses of the isotopes

Explanation:

The relative atomic mass is indicated in terms of its heaviness compared to the parts of mass of carbon-12. The relative mass of boron is 9 means its mass relative to the mass of carbon -12 is 9 amu.

What is relative atomic mass ?

The relative atomic mass of an element is the mass relative to the mass of carbon-12 or it can be defined as the number which indicates how many times the mass of one atom of the element is heavier in comparison to (1/12)th part of the mass of one atom of carbon-12.

Usually the mass number of an atom is the sum of number of protons and number of neutrons. But the actual mass or average atomic  mass is not calculated in this way.

The actual mass is determined using mass spectroscopy. The relative atomic mass of every element is computed based on the mass of C-12 obtained from spectroscopic technique.

Thus the relative atomic mass of boron is calculated in a similar way and it is 9 amu.

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a 0.692-g sample of glucose, c6h12o6, is burned in a constant volume calorimeter. the temperature rises from 21.70 °c to 25.22 °c. the calorimeter contains 575 g of water and the bomb has a heat capacity of 650 j/k. what quantity of heat is evolved per mole of glucose?

Answers

If a 0.692-g sample of glucose, c6h12o6, is burned in a constant volume calorimeter, then the amount of heat evolved per mole of glucose is 2.88 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] J/mol

For the given reaction, the amount of heat evolved can be calculated by dividing the amount of heat evolved by the number of moles.

The formula for heat evolved is

[tex]q_{m}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{q}{n}[/tex]

Now use heat transfer equation to express q

q = [tex]mc_{w}[/tex]ΔT + [tex]c_{c}[/tex] ΔT

Where m is the mass, ΔT change of temperature and [tex]c_{w}[/tex] is the specific heat, and [tex]c_{c}[/tex] specific heat of calorimeter.

The number of moles and mass of glucose can be expressed as

n = [tex]m_{g} /MW[/tex]

We are given the following values:

m = 575 g

cw = 4.184 J/gK

ΔT = 25.33 − 21.70 = 3.63 K

[tex]c_{c}[/tex] = 650 J/K

MW = 180.156 g /mol

[tex]m_{g}[/tex] = 0.692 g

Now the solution will be

[tex]q_{m}[/tex]  = q/n

m[tex]c_{w}[/tex]ΔT + [tex]c_{c}[/tex]ΔT/ [tex]\frac{m}{MW}[/tex]

[tex]q_{m}[/tex] = (575 g) (4.164 J/g ∘C) (3.63K) + (650 J/K)(3.63K)/[tex]\frac{0.692g}{180.56 g/mol}[/tex]

[tex]q_{m}[/tex] = 2.88 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] J/mol

Thus the quantity of heat evolved per mole of glucose is 2.88 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] J/mol

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True or False
1. An atom has no weight.
2An electron is the heaviest part of an atom
. 3. All protons weigh the same.
4.All atoms weigh the same.
5. All neutrons weigh the same.
6. An oxygen atom can weigh the same as a nitrogen atom
7.All oxygen atoms weigh the same.
8. To find the mass of an atom, we add the neutrons and electrons The atomic mass of Calcium is 40.08.
9.The rounded off mass is 41.
10Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of protons.

Answers

1. False, 2. True, 3. True, 4. False, 5. True, 6. False, 7. True, 8. False, 9.  Incomplete and 10. True.

1. Atoms have no weight - False

Atomic mass is the total mass of an atom. This is roughly equal to the total number of protons and neutrons with a small addition of electrons.

2. The electron is the heaviest part of the atom - in fact

3. All protons have the same mass - True

4. All atoms have the same mass - False

The mass of each element depends on the number of protons and neutrons it contains.

5. All neutrons have the same mass. - True

6. An oxygen atom weighs as much as a nitrogen atom. - False

o2 has a molecular weight of 15.9994 g/mol, and the molar mass of nitrogen is 14.0067 g/mol.

7. All oxygen atoms have the same mass - True

8. If we add neutrons and electrons to find the mass of an atom, the atomic mass of calcium is 40.08 - False

The number of protons and neutrons in an element determines its mass number. Protons and neutrons are the mass numbers.

9. The circular mass is 41, which is not quite correct.

10. Isotopes are identical atoms with differing numbers of protons. - True

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When a 6.00 g sample of KSCN is dissolved in water in a calorimeter that has a total heat capacity of 5.34 kJ⋅K−1, the temperature decreases by 0.280 K. Calculate the molar heat of solution of KSCN.

Answers

The amount of energy that must be supplied in the form of heat to 1 mole of substance to raise the temperature by 1 unit is -26.805kJ/mol.

Solution:

= 5.34 kJ/K * 0.31 K

= 1.655 joules kJ

mol of KSCN = mass/MW = 6.00/97.181

mol of KSCN = 0.0617404

= -Qsolutoin/mol = -1.655 /0.0617404 = -26.805kJ/mol.

Molar heat capacity is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree. to find the molar heat capacity of a compound or element, simply multiply the specific heat by the molar mass. The molar heat of the solution is the total energy change when a substance dissolves. KJ/MOL Measured in kilojoules/mole. Molar heat capacity is the amount of heat required to heat 1 mole of a substance to 1 Kelvin.

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xeof4 has one of the more interesting structures among noble gas compounds. on the basis of its symmetry, a. obtain a representation based on all the motions of the atoms in xeof4.

Answers

The molecule  xenon oxo tetrafluoride has five regions of electron density as shown in the image attached.

What is xenon oxo tetrafluoride?

Let us recall that a compound can be found when the atoms of elements are combined together. The interesting fact about the compound that we have called  xenon oxo tetrafluoride is that the central atom in the compound is a noble gas.

We know that the noble gases are said to be unreactive. In this case, we can see from the image that is attached that there are five regions of electron density that surround the molecule and the there are no lone pairs on the xenon central atom.

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Many communities in the United States get some of their power from hydroelectric dams. These dams work by blocking the path of a river to create a large lake with water held back by the dam. The dam can then be opened to allow water to cross over the dam. The energy from the water is captured and transformed into electrical energy. What type of energy does a hydroelectric dam capture as the water passes through?

Answers

Kinetic energy does a hydroelectric dam capture as the water passes through

The most common type of hydroelectric power plant is an impoundment facility and an impoundment facility is a typically a large hydropower system and the uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir and the water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine and spinning it and which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity and then there are many types of hydropower facilities through they are all powered by the kinetic energy of flowing water as it moves downstream

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Answer:

mechanical energy

Explanation:

smart answer :)

carbonic anhydrases are a class of that catalyze . please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices

Answers

Carbonic anhydrases are a class of zinc containing enzymes that catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ions.

Carbonic anhydrases are a kind of enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of carbon dioxide, water, and carbonic acid dissociated ions. Most carbonic anhydrases have a zinc ion in their active site. As a result, they are classed as metalloenzymes. Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that aids in the quick interconversion of carbonic acid, protons, and bicarbonate ions from carbon dioxide and water.

Carbonic anhydrase is present in the blood, gastrointestinal mucosa, and a trace amount in plasma. Carbonic anhydrase enzymes catalyze the conversion of water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid dissociated ions. This results in the formation of bicarbonate anions, which dissolve in the blood plasma.

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Which transition in an excited hydrogen atom will emit the longest wavelength of light?
A. E5 to E1
B. E4 to E1
C. E3 to E1
D. E2 to E1

Answers

The transition in an excited hydrogen atom will emit the longest wavelength of light is E2 to E1. Thus option D is correct.

What is transition?

Transition is defined as a specific arrangement along the reaction coordinate.

It can also be defined as the condition corresponding to the maximum potential energy along this reaction coordinate is what is meant by this term.

d-block elements shows transition because they behave in a way that transitions between s-block and p-block components, the d-block elements are known as transition elements.

Transition in the elements occurs when the electrons come under excited state and travel form lower energy level to higher energy level.

Thus, the transition in an excited hydrogen atom will emit the longest wavelength of light is E2 to E1. Thus option D is correct.  

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compared to human cells resulting from mitosis cell division, human cells resulting from mitosis cell division would have
A. twice as many chromosomes
B. the same number of chromosomes
C. one-half the number of chromosomes
D. one-quarter as many chromosomes

Answers

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four sex cells

Draw the Lewis dot diagram for lithium (p.180)

Answers

the Lewis dot diagram for lithium is

PLEASE HELP SOON AS POSSIBLE!!!! I have points and Brainly

Answers

To calculate density, the formula would be D = M/V

2. Grams = M, milliliters = V
So, 3 / 2 = 1.5
Density = 1.5 g

3. W x L x H = 40 x 80 x 18 = 57,600 cm
1 / 57,600 = 0.00001736 kg

why do you think printing a document on basic paper will help to ensure that it will last for a very long time

Answers

Answer:

So there is a physical version of it.

consider the reaction when aqueous solutions of chromium(ii) sulfate and calcium nitrate are combined. the net ionic equation for this reaction is:

Answers

Molecular equation:

CrSO4(aq) + Ca(NO3)2 (aq) —> Cr(NO3)2(aq) + CaSO4(s)

Net ionic:

Ca2+(aq) + SO4(aq) —> CaSO4(s)

A balanced equation is another name for a chemical equation. Any ionic substances or acids are represented as neutral compounds in a molecular equation using their chemical formulae. Following the formula are parenthesis that describe each substance's condition.

A net ionic equation is often constructed using the fewest integer values for the stoichiometric coefficients. As a result, in order to obtain the net ionic equation's final form, it may occasionally be necessary to divide all of the stoichiometric coefficients by a single factor.

The spectator ions are also included in a complete ionic equation, whereas a net ionic equation just displays the chemical species that are engaged in a process. We are able to determine the net ionic equation for a specific

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a cylinder contains 30.0 l of oxygen gas at a pressure of 1.9 atm and a temperature of 310 k. part a how much gas (in moles) is in the cylinder? express your answer to two significant figures. view available hint(s)

Answers

The moles of the gas when a cylinder contains 30.0 l of oxygen gas at a pressure of 1.9 atm and a temperature of 310 K is 2.2

The ideal gas equation is PV=nRT. P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles and T is the temperature

Substituting the values, we get

1.9x30=nx0.0821x310

n=2.2(two significant figures)

An ideal gas is one that follows the ideal gas equation.It is also called the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas.It is an extension and generalization of Boyle's and Charles's law.

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If you have a liquid that you suspect might be a mixture explain what you might do to find out if it is.

Answers

Answer:

add a substace devider

Explanation:

i forgot what it was called but there is a chemical that allows the substances to seperste and than you can test the substaces ph and what it is

3. many electrophilic aromatic halogenations require the presence of an aluminum halide (aluminum chloride or aluminum bromide) as a catalyst. why is it unnecessary to include an aluminum halide in the electrophilic aromatic bromination reaction of acetanilide with molecular bromine.

Answers

The aluminum halide is used to increase the electrophilicity of the halogen, in electrophilic aromatic substitutions which is unnecessary because acetanilide is a very good nucleophile.

In electrophilic aromatic substitutions, the aromatic ring acts as the nucleophile, while the other component (halogen, alkyl halide, acyl halide, etc.) acts as the electrophile. The halogen molecules are not great electrophiles, so aluminum halide is added to facilitate the reaction.

However, the nucleophilicity of the aromatic ring can be increased through resonance and inductive effects of the substituents, and in acetanilide the electron-donating amide group is effective enough to make the aromatic ring a good enough nucleophile to, in turn, make the use of aluminum halide unnecessary.

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in the laboratory you dilute 4.59 ml of a concentrated 6.00 m hydrobromic acid solution to a total volume of 175 ml. what is the concentration of the dilute solution?

Answers

The concentration of the dilute solution when in the laboratory you dilute 4.59 ml of a concentrated 6.00 m hydrobromic acid solution to a total volume of 175 ml is 0.157 M

Now, using the formula, we get

Substituting the values, we get

M=6.00

V=4.59 mL=4.59x10^-3 L

n=6.00x(4.59x10^-3L)

n=27.54x10^-3 L

The new molarity is Mnew=n/Vnew

Mnew= 27.54x10^-3  V=175 mL=175x10^-3 L

Mnew=27.54x10^-3 mol/175x10^-3 L

Mnew=0.157 M

Molarity is the moles per liter of solution.It is the amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution.It is used to measure the concentration.

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Is more or less heat needed to raise the temperature of 30 grams of gold from 25°C to 50°C compared to the 10 grams of water?

Answers

Answer:55*

Explanation:55*

How do I find an the isotope?

Answers

Among the given isotopes,  ³⁰X₁₅ and ³¹X₁₅ are isotopes of the same element and that element is phosphorous.

What is an isotope?

Isotopes are those atoms of an element that contains the same atomic number but a different mass number. Isotopes of an element contain an equal number of electrons and protons in their atom but the numbers of neutrons in their respective nucleus are different.

For example, the isotopes of oxygen element are given as oxygen- 16, oxygen - 17, and oxygen-18, these all isotopes have eight protons or electrons.

Given elements are ³⁰X₁₅, ³¹X₁₆, ³¹X₁₅, and ⁶⁰X₃₀. The atoms ³⁰X₁₅ and ³¹X₁₅  have the same atomic number but a different mass number, therefore they are isotopes of the same element. As their atomic number of them is 15 so they are isotopes of phosphorous and ³¹X₁₅ isotope of P has 100 % abundance.

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The greatest about of transpiration will occur over _____________.
Group of answer choices

a mountain top covered in snow

a large river with a high discharge

the ocean

a large forest with mature trees.

Answers

The greatest about of transpiration will occur over a large forest with mature trees.

Transpiration is described because the physiological lack of water in the form of water vapor, especially from the stomata in leaves, but also thru evaporation from the surfaces of leaves, plants, and stems.

Transpiration is the system wherein plants release the water interior it inside the shape of moisture or water vapor. Roots eat some quantity of water from the soil and the rest evaporates inside the atmosphere. elements of plants consisting of stems, small pores on leaves, and plants evaporate the water to the environment.

Leaf stomata are the primary web sites of transpiration and encompass two defend cells that form a small pore on the surfaces of leaves. The defend cells control the opening and last of the stomata in reaction to various environmental stimuli and may alter the fee of transpiration to reduce water loss.

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