The nominal exchange rate of a currency is the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another. Real exchange rate is the value of a currency adjusted for inflation. The effective exchange rate is a measure of the value of a country's currency against a basket of foreign currencies.
To find the nominal exchange rate and calculate the real and effective exchange rate of Australia, quarterly data for the last five years can be used. This can be graphed to show the changes over time. Nominal exchange rate of Australia:
The nominal exchange rate of Australia can be found by comparing the Australian dollar to the US dollar. As an example, if the exchange rate is 0.75 USD/AUD, it means that one US dollar can buy 0.75 Australian dollars.
Real exchange rate of Australia: To calculate the real exchange rate of Australia, the nominal exchange rate must be adjusted for inflation. The formula for real exchange rate is:
Real exchange rate = Nominal exchange rate x (Domestic Price level/Foreign Price level)
Where the domestic price level is the average price of goods and services in Australia and the foreign price level is the average price of goods and services in other countries.
Effective exchange rate of Australia: The effective exchange rate of Australia can be calculated by taking a weighted average of the exchange rate with other countries. This can be done using a trade-weighted index.
Graph of exchange rates: The exchange rates can be graphed to show the changes over time. The nominal exchange rate, real exchange rate, and effective exchange rate can be plotted on the same graph for comparison.
Comments: By comparing the nominal exchange rate, real exchange rate, and effective exchange rate, it can be seen that the Australian dollar has fluctuated over the past five years. Factors that can affect exchange rates include interest rates, inflation rates, economic growth, and political stability. An increase in interest rates, for example, can lead to an increase in the value of the Australian dollar. On the other hand, political instability can lead to a decrease in the value of the Australian dollar. Overall, it is important to consider multiple factors when analyzing exchange rates.
The present value of the cash flow is approximately $17,669.12.To calculate the present value of the cash flow, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value and then sum them up. The formula to calculate the present value of a future cash flow is:
PV = CF1 / (1 + r)^1 + CF2 / (1 + r)^2 + ... + CFn / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, CF1, CF2, ..., CFn are the cash flows in each period, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, the cash flow starts with $1,500 at the end of year 1 and increases by $500 per year thereafter. The interest rate is 8% compounded annually.
Let's calculate the present value:
PV = $1,500 / (1 + 0.08)^1 + $2,000 / (1 + 0.08)^2 + $2,500 / (1 + 0.08)^3 + ... + $16,000 / (1 + 0.08)^30
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, the present value of this cash flow would be $17,669.12 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Therefore, the present value of the cash flow is approximately $17,669.12.
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Question 13 5 pts Winston is a ghostbuster and also an excellent typist. He can type 120 words per minute, but he is pressed for time because he has all of the ghostbusting work he can handle where he
Winston should hire Janine to do her typing if and only if her wage rate is less than $33 per hour. This is because Winston can type faster than Janine, he has a higher opportunity cost of typing.
The law of comparative advantage states that individuals or countries should specialize in producing the goods or services for which they have the lowest opportunity cost and trade with others for goods or services that have a higher opportunity cost.
Winston can type faster than Janine, and has a higher opportunity cost of typing because he can earn more money per hour by doing ghostbusting work. Therefore, it is more efficient for him to focus on his ghostbusting work and hire Janine to do the typing at a lower wage rate.
The complete question is
Question 13 5 pts Winston is a ghostbuster and also an excellent typist. He can type 120 words per minute, but he is pressed for time because he has all of the ghostbusting work he can handle where he gets paid $100 per hour. Janine is looking for work as a secretary, but can only type 30 words per minute. According to the law of comparative advantage, Winston should hire Janine to do her typing if and only if her wage rate is less than O $50 per hour. $25 per hour. O $33 per hour. O $100 per hour.
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which of the following circumstances most likely would cause an auditor to consider whether material
An auditor would most likely consider whether material misstatements exist in the financial statements when there are significant changes in accounting policies or estimates, high levels of uncertainty or complexity, indications of fraud or errors, and potential litigation or regulatory investigations.
When significant changes occur in accounting policies or estimates, it can impact the accuracy and reliability of the financial statements. High levels of uncertainty or complexity can increase the risk of errors or fraud. Indications of fraud or errors, such as unusual transactions or inconsistencies, may require further investigation. Potential litigation or regulatory investigations can lead to financial implications and require a careful examination of the financial statements. In these circumstances, auditors would be inclined to scrutinize the financial statements for material misstatements that could affect the fairness of the reported information.
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Which of the following circumstances is most likely to cause an auditor to consider whether a material misstatement exists? Transactions selected for testing are not supported by proper documentation.
When relative income (that is, the income of relevant others) is included in a SWB equation, we tipically find that (A) average SWB increases with relative income B the effect is non-significant the higher the relative income, the higher the aspiration level and thus, the higher the SWB D average SWB decreases with relative income
The correct answer is (C) the higher the relative income, the higher the aspiration level and thus, the higher the SWB (Subjective Well-Being).
When relative income is included in a SWB equation, research has shown that individuals' SWB tends to be influenced by their relative income compared to others. This is known as the relative income hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, people's SWB is not solely determined by their absolute income or wealth but also by their income or wealth relative to others in their reference group or society.
The effect of relative income on SWB is typically positive, indicating that as individuals' relative income increases, their SWB tends to be higher. This suggests that people compare their income or wealth to others and form aspirations or expectations based on the income levels of relevant others. Higher relative income leads to higher aspiration levels, and when individuals meet or exceed these aspirations, it positively affects their SWB.
Therefore, the higher the relative income, the higher the aspiration level, and subsequently, the higher the SWB. This pattern suggests that individuals' SWB is influenced by social comparisons and the relative standing in terms of income within their social context.
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I need help to enter into Profile software this info.
The screen shot will be helpful for the profile software. In addition to working a standard 9 a.m.-5 p.m. job, Ms. Smith had an innovative idea and a couple of years ago she started her own business. The details you will need to complete her T1 Return are below: • The unincorporated business earns $6,000 per month. • Ms. Smith operates an unincorporated business out of her personal residence and the entire basement is dedicated to the business on nights and weekends. The house has three levels, including the basement. No other part of the house is used to earn income. Ms. Smith regularly meets clients there to discuss future sales. • To furnish the home office, Ms. Smith spent $5,000 on office furniture on January 1, 2018. Ms. Smith was getting tired of the dated bathroom on the top floor of the house and decided to renovate it for a cost of $25,000. • The monthly heating and utility bills are $120 and $150, respectively. • Ms. Smith pays her mortgage twice a month (24 times a year) and the payments are $750. The outstanding mortgage balance on January 1, 2018 was $233,000 and on December 31, 2018 it was $219,500. • The property tax bills were paid on time, directly to the city and the cost was $4,000 (the property tax amounts were not rolled into the mortgage). • On January 1, 2018, she purchased a brand-new computer for $1,500 and bought new software (not the operating system software) at the same time for $1,000. • Ms. Smith pays $45 per month for online local advertising. • In order to drum up business, Ms. Smith purchased seasons tickets for both the Senators and the Redblacks. • The cost for the Senators tickets (2) for $1,500 each. Ms. Smith will take a client to every hockey game; she has not missed a game in over five years. • The cost for the Redblacks tickets (4) for $350 each. The same goes for the Redblacks, she hasn’t missed a game either and it’s a family tradition for her, her spouse and their two nieces to attend the games together. • Due to environmental reasons, Ms. Smith does not own a car, so she rides her bike whenever she needs to meet a client or a supplier. • During the 2018 taxation year, Ms. Smith purchased $32,000 worth of items for resale in her business. • Her brother is always helping out with the business; however, he has never received any kind of renumeration for the assistance he has provided. • Ms. Smith has a business bank account and the monthly banking fees associated with this account are $5 a month. • In March of 2018, one of Ms. Smith’s best customers went bankrupt and was unable to pay for the purchased she made and received in December 2017 (accrual method of accounting is being used by Ms. Smith). In 2017, the customer purchased $3,500 in goods. • Ms. Smith pays $75 a month for a storage locker that she has had for over 3 years. Everything in the storage locker was bequeathed to her from her great uncle. She has no use for the items, but she can’t seem to let them go. • A couple of years ago, Ms. Smith received an inheritance and she decided to use that money to purchase two condominium units in the same development. Both units are finalized on January 2, 2018 and they were both rented out for the entirety of the 2018 taxation year. • Condo 1 had a purchase price of $250,000 and is rented out for $825 a month. The monthly condo fees are $60, and Ms. Smith paid in total $4,200 in mortgage interest. The property taxes were $2,500, and the insurance for the unit was $400. The tenant that rented out this property all year told Ms. Smith that she hated the colour of the carpet in the bedrooms. In order to keep the tenant happy, Ms. Smith paid to get the carpet replaced for $1,350. • Condo 2 had a purchase price of $550,000 and is rented out for $2,250 a month. The monthly condo fees are $140, and Ms. Smith paid in total $17,800 in mortgage interest. The property taxes are $5,500, and the insurance for the unit was $800. This is the bigger of the two units and Ms. Smith decided that she would buy a freezer for $1,000 for the tenants as the freezer that came with the fridge was too small for a family of four. • In 2017, Ms. Smith received a hot stock tip from a friend regarding a brand-new industry and she decided to buy 10,000 shares at $2.50 each. The investment did not turn out so well and on December 30th, 2018, Ms. Smith decided to sell all the shares at $0.75. She was devasted when she had to sell them, but she was scared that the share price would have dropped even lower. • In 2018, Ms. Smith received another hot stock tip from an article she read online. On March 1st, 2018, she bought 500 shares at $35 each. Due to the financial instability she decided to also sell all of these shares on December 30, 2018 for $38.50 each. Ms. Smith has sworn off self-directed investments due to the stress they both caused her over the past 18 months.
To enter Ms. Smith's information into Profile software, input the provided details such as business income, home office expenses,, advertising expenses, entertainment expenses, transportation, inventory purchases, rental income and expenses for two condos, banking fees, bad debt, storage locker costs, and stock investments into the respective fields in
How to enter Ms. Smith's financial information into Profile software?To enter the provided information into the Profile software, you would need to fill in the relevant fields with the given data. Here's a breakdown of the information and where it should be entered:
1. Business Income:
- Monthly income from the unincorporated business: $6,000
2. Home Office Expenses:
- Cost of office furniture: $5,000
- Renovation cost for the bathroom: $25,000
3. Home Expenses:
- Monthly heating bill: $120
- Monthly utility bill: $150
- Mortgage payment (twice a month): $750
- Outstanding mortgage balance on January 1, 2018: $233,000
- Outstanding mortgage balance on December 31, 2018: $219,500
- Property tax paid directly to the city: $4,000
4. Computer and Software Expenses:
- Cost of brand-new computer: $1,500
- Cost of new software: $1,000
5. Advertising Expenses:
- Monthly cost for online local advertising: $45
6. Entertainment Expenses:
- Cost of Senators tickets (2): $1,500 each
- Cost of Redblacks tickets (4): $350 each
7. Transportation:
- No car ownership, uses a bike for transportation
8. Inventory Purchases:
- Total purchases for resale: $32,000
9. Assistance from Brother:
- Brother's assistance is unpaid
10. Banking Fees:
- Monthly banking fees: $5
11. Bad Debt:
- Unpaid purchase from bankrupt customer: $3,500
12. Storage Locker:
- Monthly cost for storage locker: $75
13. Rental Income and Expenses for Condo 1:
- Purchase price: $250,000
- Monthly rental income: $825
- Monthly condo fees: $60
- Total mortgage interest paid: $4,200
- Property taxes: $2,500
- Insurance cost: $400
- Carpet replacement cost: $1,350
14. Rental Income and Expenses for Condo 2:
- Purchase price: $550,000
- Monthly rental income: $2,250
- Monthly condo fees: $140
- Total mortgage interest paid: $17,800
- Property taxes: $5,500
- Insurance cost: $800
- Freezer purchase cost: $1,000
15. Stock Investments:
- Hot stock tip investment (2017):
- Shares bought: 10,000
- Purchase price per share: $2.50
- Sale price per share: $0.75
- Online article investment (2018):
- Shares bought: 500
- Purchase price per share: $35
- Sale price per share: $38.50
You can input the above information into the Profile software based on the appropriate sections for each category.
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CASE: ADVERTISING TESTING SERVICES, INC.
Advertising Testing Services, Inc. (ATSI) is a small
marketing research supplier specializing in the copy testing of
television commercials. ATSI is located in
ATSI is a small marketing research supplier specializing in copy testing of television commercials
ATSI is a small marketing research supplier specializing in the copy testing of television commercials. The company is located in an undisclosed location as the specific location is not mentioned in the given information.
As a copy testing specialist, ATSI provides services to advertisers and advertising agencies to evaluate the effectiveness of their television commercials. Copy testing involves conducting research studies to assess how well a commercial resonates with the target audience and its impact on brand awareness, message recall, purchase intent, and other key metrics.
ATSI likely employs a team of marketing researchers and analysts who are experienced in designing and conducting copy testing studies. These professionals work closely with clients to understand their research objectives, develop research methodologies, recruit representative samples of target consumers, and collect data through surveys, interviews, or other research techniques.
Once the data is collected, ATSI's team analyzes the results and prepares comprehensive reports with actionable insights and recommendations for clients. These insights help advertisers and agencies refine their commercials, improve messaging, and optimize their advertising strategies to maximize the return on their marketing investments.
As a small marketing research supplier, ATSI may face competition from larger research firms in the industry. To stay competitive, the company may differentiate itself through its expertise in copy testing, personalized client service, quick turnaround times, and cost-effective solutions.
Additionally, ATSI may also stay up to date with industry trends and advancements in research methodologies and technology to offer innovative and cutting-edge copy testing services.
In summary, ATSI is a small marketing research supplier specializing in copy testing of television commercials. While the specific location of the company is not mentioned, it is likely to have a dedicated team of professionals offering comprehensive copy testing services to help advertisers and agencies optimize their television advertising campaigns.
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2. Examine the role of feasibility analysis in determining whether a business idea is viable. (40 marks)
Feasibility analysis is a critical process that assesses the viability of a business idea. The process helps an entrepreneur determine if the idea is viable, and if it can succeed in the market.
The process is also vital in determining the potential success and financial viability of a business idea. To conduct a feasibility analysis, entrepreneurs must analyze the market, competition, financial resources, and other relevant factors. An entrepreneur can use the data gathered to determine if the business idea is feasible and worth pursuing.Feasibility analysis plays an important role in determining whether a business idea is viable or not. The analysis can help entrepreneurs identify the strengths and weaknesses of the idea, and determine if it can succeed in the market. A feasibility analysis can help an entrepreneur identify potential risks, and evaluate if the business idea is worth pursuing.The analysis typically involves assessing the market, competition, and financial resources. The market assessment focuses on the size of the market, the demand for the product or service, and the target customers. The competition assessment focuses on the competition in the market, the strengths and weaknesses of competitors, and the potential barriers to entry.The financial assessment evaluates the financial resources needed to start the business, the potential revenue and profit, and the financial risks involved. A feasibility analysis can help an entrepreneur make an informed decision about whether to pursue a business idea or not.Longer than 100 words:Feasibility analysis is a crucial process in determining whether a business idea is viable. The process assesses the viability and potential success of a business idea. To conduct a feasibility analysis, entrepreneurs must analyze the market, competition, financial resources, and other relevant factors.
The analysis can help entrepreneurs identify potential risks, strengths, and weaknesses of the business idea. Entrepreneurs can also use the data gathered to evaluate the feasibility and financial viability of the business idea. The analysis can help entrepreneurs make an informed decision about whether to pursue the idea or not. A feasibility analysis is a vital tool for entrepreneurs looking to start a business, as it can help them avoid costly mistakes and increase their chances of success.
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The Polishing Department of Oriole Company has the following production and manufacturing cost data for September. All materials are added at the beginning of the process, and conversion costs are incurred uniformly throughout the process. Production: Beginning inventory 1,600 units that are 100% complete as to materials and 30% complete as to conversion costs; units started during the period are 45,600; ending inventory of 5,400 units 10% complete as to conversion costs. Manufacturing costs: Beginning inventory costs, comprised of $20,500 of materials and $61,330 of conversion costs; materials costs added in Polishing during the month, $227,300; labor and overhead applied in Polishing during the month, $125,800 and $257,440, respectively.
Required:
Compute the equivalent units of production for materials and conversion costs for the month of September.
The equivalent units of production are the units that are complete as to both materials and conversion costs and that are partially complete at the end of a period. The equivalent units of production for the month of September are as follows.
The equivalent units of production are the units that are complete as to both materials and conversion costs and that are partially complete at the end of a period. The equivalent units of production are calculated for both material costs and conversion costs separately. In this case, the Oriole Company's polishing department has the following production and manufacturing cost data for September.The equivalent units of production for materials and conversion costs for the month of September are computed as follows:
Material Costs:Equivalent units of production = (1) + (2) + (4) - (3) = 1,600 + 45,600 + 5,400 - 37,800 = 14,800 + 45,600 = 60,400Conversion Costs:Equivalent units of production = (1) + (2) + (4) - (3) = (1,600 x 30%) + (45,600 x 100%) + (5,400 x 10%) - (37,800 x 100%) = 480 + 45,600 + 540 - 37,800 = 6,720 + 540 = 7,260The total equivalent units of production for the month of September are 60,400 for material costs and 7,260 for conversion costs.
The equivalent units of production are the units that are complete as to both materials and conversion costs and that are partially complete at the end of a period. The equivalent units of production for material costs and conversion costs are calculated separately. In this case, the equivalent units of production for material costs and conversion costs for the month of September are 60,400 and 7,260, respectively.
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1. The daily demand for a popular CD in a music store is approximately M200, 20). The cost of keeping the CD on the shelves is 5.04 per disc per day. It costs the store $100 to place a new order. There is a 7-day lead time for delivery. Determine the store's optimal inventory policy given that the store wishes to limit the probability of shortage to at most.02. 2. The daily demand for camera films at a gift shop is N300, 5). The cost of holding a roll in the shop is 5.02 per day, and the fixed cost of placing a replenishment order is $30. The shop's inventory policy is to order 150 rolls whenever the inventory level drops to 80 units. It simultaneously maintains a buffer of 20 rolls at all times. a. (a) Determine the probability of running out of stock. b. (b) Given the data of the situation, recommend an inventory policy for the shop given that the shortage probability cannot exceed
To determine the store's optimal inventory policy, we can use the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model. The store's optimal inventory policy would be to order approximately 3,162 CDs when the inventory level reaches 1,400 CDs, with no additional safety stock.
To determine the store's optimal inventory policy, we can use the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model, taking into account the demand, holding cost, ordering cost, and lead time.
Given information:
Daily demand (D) = 200 CDs
Holding cost (H) = $0.04 per disc per day
Ordering cost (S) = $100
Lead time (L) = 7 days
Maximum probability of shortage (P) = 0.02
First, let's calculate the EOQ using the following formula:
EOQ = √((2DS) / H)
EOQ = √((2 x 200 x 100) / 0.04)
= √(400,000 / 0.04)
= √10,000,000
= 3,162.28 (approximately)
The optimal order quantity would be approximately 3,162 CDs.
Next, let's calculate the reorder point (ROP) to determine when to place a new order:
ROP = D x L
ROP = 200 x 7
= 1,400 CDs
The reorder point would be 1,400 CDs.
To limit the probability of shortage to at most 0.02, we need to determine the safety stock. The safety stock is the buffer stock held to account for uncertainties in demand and lead time. It is calculated using the formula:
Safety stock = z x √(D x (σL)² + (σD)² x L)
Here, z is the Z-value corresponding to the desired service level. Since the maximum probability of shortage is 0.02, the desired service level would be (1 - 0.02) = 0.98. The corresponding Z-value can be obtained from a standard normal distribution table.
Assuming the standard deviation of demand (σD) is 20 CDs and the standard deviation of lead time (σL) is 0 (since it is not provided in the question), we can calculate the safety stock:
Safety stock = Z x √(200 x (0²) + (20²) x 7)
Since σL = 0, the safety stock would be 0.
In summary, the store's optimal inventory policy would be to order approximately 3,162 CDs when the inventory level reaches 1,400 CDs, with no additional safety stock. This policy aims to limit the probability of shortage to at most 0.02.
The correct question is:
The daily demand for a popular CD in a music store is approximately M200, 20). The cost of keeping the CD on the shelves is $.04 per disc per day. It costs the store $100 to place a new order. There is a 7-day lead time for delivery. Determine the store's optimal inventory policy given that the store wishes to limit the probability of shortage to at most.02.
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Which of the following is true with regard to the global staffing approach?
Select one:
A. Recruiting third-country nationals is a common aspect of the global staffing strategy.
B. In the global staffing approach, key managerial positions are generally filled with people from headquarters—that is, parent-country nationals.
C. In a global staffing approach, local managers—that is, host-country nationals—are hired to fill key positions in their own country.
D. As a rule, companies keen on "acting local" adopt a global staffing approach.
Recruiting third-country nationals is a common aspect of the global staffing strategy is true with regard to the global staffing approach. Option A is the correct answer.
Since the beginnings of worldwide corporate expansion, multinational corporations have utilized three distinct types of global staffing models: ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric models, each with a unique goal and setting. Option A is the correct answer.
Employers from the parent nations are chosen using an ethnocentric methodology by multinational corporations to work abroad in their subsidiary offices. The polycentric strategy, which is used when multinational corporations (MNCs) choose personnel from host country nationals (HCNs) to occupy management positions in the subsidiary, can be advantageous for MNCs since (HCNs) are better familiar with the host country's culture and working environment. The geocentric hiring process used by MNCs to choose the best applicants regardless of nationality.
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OUR COMPANY IS OGDC PAKISTAN
1.1 Executive Summary
Executive Summary should cover the following points:
Brief Introduction of your chosen Company
Purpose of your report
Major findings abou
The OGDC (Oil and Gas Development Company) is a Pakistan-based oil and gas exploration and production company. Its primary objective is to ensure Pakistan's energy security while working towards the growth of the country's economy. The company holds a significant place in the country's petroleum industry and contributes significantly to Pakistan's economy through its exploration and production activities.
The purpose of the report is to evaluate the company's financial and non-financial performance, including its growth, profitability, and efficiency, among other aspects. The report will help to identify areas where the company is performing well and areas that need improvement.
OGDC is one of the largest oil and gas companies in Pakistan. It has a significant presence in the country's upstream oil and gas industry and contributes significantly to the country's energy requirements. The company has been expanding its operations and investing in new oil and gas exploration projects to maintain its growth trajectory.
In terms of financial performance, the company has reported steady growth in revenue and profits over the past few years. The company's net profit for the last year was Rs. 105 billion, which was a significant increase from the previous year's profits. Despite the challenging business environment, the company has managed to maintain its profitability by optimizing its operations and adopting cost-cutting measures.
Overall, the company's performance has been satisfactory, and it is well-positioned to take advantage of the country's growing demand for energy.
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If the primary deficit is zero then the ratio of the debt to GDP is a. falling over time b. increasing over time c. constant over time d. increasing and then decreasing e. We do not have enough information
The debt-to-GDP ratio is stable over time. Hence, the answer to the question is option c) constant over time.
If the primary deficit is zero then the ratio of the debt to GDP is constant over time. The statement is true and it can be proved in the following way;
Explanation: Debt-to-GDP ratio measures the proportion of a country's debt to its total income. GDP is used as a reference to measure debt because it is the most comprehensive measure of economic output. This ratio is a critical measure of the country's ability to pay off its debt. The debt-to-GDP ratio varies with time, based on the economic growth of a nation. If the primary deficit is zero, it implies that the government's budgetary revenues are equal to its expenses before interest payments. Therefore, there will be no accumulation of debt. Hence, the debt-to-GDP ratio is stable over time. Hence, the answer to the question is option c) constant over time.
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Wellington Holdings uses the Weighted Average process costing method to account for production. The following information is available for a recent period: Beginning work in process on January 1 consisted of 90,000 units that were 80% complete with respect to raw materials and 40% complete with respect to conversion costs. Ending work in process on January 31 consisted of 50,000 units that were 60% complete with respect to raw materials and 50% complete with respect to conversion costs. 200,000 units were put into production during the month of January. Beginning work in process carried a total cost of $750,000 ($387,000 Direct Materials and $353,000 Conversion Costs). Additional costs incurred during the month were Direct Materials $693,000, Direct Labour $674,000 and Manufacturing Overhead of $700,000. Required: (a) Prepare a schedule reconciling the Physical Flow of Units. (b) Calculate the Equivalents Units for Direct Materials and Conversion Costs. (c) Calculate the Cost per Equivalent Units. (d) Determine the Cost of Completed Units for January. (e) Determine the Cost assigned to Ending Work in Process Inventory for January.
For Wellington Holdings and provided information, (a) A schedule reconciling the Physical Flow of Units would include units put into production during the month of January, total units accounted for during the month of January, units accounted for as ending work in process on January 31, and units accounted for as completed during the month of January.
(b) The Equivalents Units for Direct Materials and Conversion Costs are 270,000 and 265,000 respectively.
(c) The Cost per Equivalent Units is $6.52 per equivalent unit.
(d) The Cost of Completed Units for January is $2,644,800.
(e) The Cost assigned to Ending Work in Process Inventory for January is $283,000.
(a) Schedule reconciling the Physical Flow of Units
Beginning work in process on January 1 consists of 90,000 unitsUnits put into production during the month of January = 200,000Total units accounted for during the month of January = 290,000Units accounted for as ending work in process on January 31 = 50,000Units accounted for as completed during the month of January = 240,000(b) Equivalent Units = Units Transferred + Units in Ending Work in Process
Inventory (EWIP) × % Work done EWIP
During the month of January,
Direct materials: Equivalent Units = 240,000 + (50,000 × 60%) = 270,000Conversion costs: Equivalent Units = 240,000 + (50,000 × 50%) = 265,000(c) During the month of January,
Direct Materials
Cost of beginning work in process $387,000 + Direct Materials cost incurred during the month $693,000 = Total Direct Materials cost $1,080,000Cost per equivalent unit = Total Direct Materials cost ÷ Equivalent Units= $1,080,000 ÷ 270,000= $4 per equivalent unitConversion Costs
Cost of beginning work in process $353,000 + Manufacturing overhead costs incurred during the month $700,000 + Direct labour cost incurred during the month $674,000 = Total Conversion Costs $1,727,000Cost per equivalent unit = Total Conversion Costs ÷ Equivalent Units= $1,727,000 ÷ 265,000= $6.52 per equivalent unit(d) Cost of Completed Units for January
Equivalent Units of Direct Materials: 270,000 × $4 = $1,080,000Equivalent Units of Conversion Costs: 240,000 × $6.52 = $1,564,800Cost of completed units for January = Cost of direct materials + Cost of conversion costs= $1,080,000 + $1,564,800= $2,644,800(e) Cost assigned to Ending Work in Process Inventory for January
Equivalent Units of Direct Materials: 50,000 × 60% × $4 = $120,000Equivalent Units of Conversion Costs: 50,000 × 50% × $6.52 = $163,000Cost assigned to ending work in process inventory for January = Cost of direct materials + Cost of conversion costs= $120,000 + $163,000= $283,000.Learn more about Direct Materials:
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The following comparative balance sheet is given for Estern Co Assets Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2020 Cash $117,000 Notes Receivable $19,500 21,000 24,000 Supplies & Inventory 27,000 40,500 Prepaid expense 10,500 18,000 Long-term investments 0 27,000 Machines and tools 55,500 48,000 Accumulated depreciation equipment (21.000) (15.000) Total Assets $213.000 $159.000 Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity Accounts payable $ 25,500 $ 10,500 Bonds payable (long-term) 55,500 70,500 Common Stock 60,000 34,500 Retained Earnings 72.000 43.500 Total Liabilities & Stockholders $213.000 $159.000 Equity Income Statement Information (2021) 1. Net income for the year ending December 31, 2021 is $43,500 2. Depreciation expense is 56,000. 3. There is a loss of $3,000 resulted from the sale of long-term investment. Additional information (2021): 1 All sales and purchases of inventory are on account (or credit) agree that kind a cost at $27.000 sueldine $3.000 11 points $213.000 Total Liabilities & Stockholders Equity $159.000 Income Statement Information (2021): 1. Net income for the year ending December 31, 2021 is $43,500 2. Depreciation expense is $6,000. 3. There is a loss of $3,000 resulted from the sale of long-term investment. Additional information (2021): 1. All sales and purchases of inventory are on account (or credit) 2. Received cash for the sale of long-term investments that had a cost of $27,000, yielding a $3.000 loss 3. Cash dividends paid is $15,000 4. The company purchased new machines and tools for $7,500 cash Required: Prepare the FIRST (Operating) and the SECOND (Investing) sections of the statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021 (PLEASE PROVIDE EACH AMOUNT/ITEM IN A SEPARATE LINE) For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac IX D 3 10pt EM Arial BIV Paragraph ±5 152 - XX, FE 38 HE CED * 0 191. v hp a B A 8.10 ***
The first (Operating) section of the statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021, shows net cash provided by operating activities of $69,000.
To prepare the first (Operating) and second (Investing) sections of the statement of cash flows for Estern Co for the year ended December 31, 2021, we need to analyze the provided information and make the necessary adjustments.
First (Operating) Section of the Statement of Cash Flows:
Net Income: $43,500
Adjustments for non-cash items:
Depreciation Expense: $6,000
Loss on Sale of Long-Term Investment: $3,000
Operating activities:
Net Income: $43,500
Add: Depreciation Expense: $6,000
Add: Loss on Sale of Long-Term Investment: $3,000
Changes in working capital:
Increase in Notes Receivable: $1,500 ([$19,500 - $21,000])
Decrease in Supplies & Inventory: $13,500 ([$40,500 - $27,000])
Decrease in Prepaid Expense: $7,500 ([$18,000 - $10,500])
Increase in Accounts Payable: $15,000 ([$25,500 - $10,500])
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities: $69,000
Second (Investing) Section of the Statement of Cash Flows:
Sale of Long-Term Investment:
Cash received from the sale: $24,000 ([$27,000 - $3,000 loss])
Purchase of Machines and Tools:
Cash paid for new machines and tools: $7,500
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities: ($7,500) (Negative because cash was used)
The second (Investing) section shows net cash used in investing activities of ($7,500).
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what is evidence that value or size effects are based on rational pricing? 1. small stocks perform badly during recessions but perform well after recessions 2. the size and value anomaly returns positively predict next year's gdp growth. 3. small stocks are illquid. their transaction costs are higher. so people discount its current price.
The evidence that value or size effects are based on rational pricing can be supported by the following points: Small stocks performing badly during recessions but well after recessions, Size and value anomaly returns predicting next year's GDP growth and small stocks are illquid.
Small stocks performing badly during recessions but well after recessions: This pattern suggests that investors may be rational in pricing small stocks. During economic downturns, small companies may face higher financial risks and have limited access to capital, which can result in their stock prices underperforming.
Size and value anomaly returns predicting next year's GDP growth: If the size and value effects were not rational pricing phenomena, it would be unlikely for them to have predictive power for macroeconomic factors such as GDP growth.
Illiquidity and higher transaction costs for small stocks: The higher transaction costs associated with trading small stocks due to their illiquidity can be seen as a rational response by investors.
These pieces of evidence support the notion that value or size effects are based on rational pricing, where investors incorporate relevant information and risks into the pricing of different stocks or asset classes.
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xyz insurance company gives direct authority to its producers to sell insurance through an agency contract, but nothing is stated regarding the collection of premiums. which authority grants the producer the right to collect premiums?
In the absence of specific information in the agency contract, the implied authority would grant producers the right to collect premiums
Implied authority refers to the powers that are reasonably necessary to carry out the expressly granted authority. Since XYZ Insurance Company has given direct authority to its producers to sell insurance through an agency contract, it can be inferred that the producers would also have the implied authority to collect premiums from policyholders.
The implied authority to collect premiums is a customary practice in the insurance industry. Collecting premiums is an essential part of the insurance business, as it ensures that policyholders pay for their coverage and helps maintain the financial stability of the insurer.
By granting producers the authority to sell insurance, it is generally understood that they would also have the implied authority to collect the corresponding premiums.
However, it is crucial to note that the specifics of the authority granted to producers should be clarified in the agency contract or through separate agreements to avoid any ambiguity or misunderstanding. It is always advisable for insurance companies to clearly outline the extent of authority granted to producers, including the collection of premiums, to ensure a smooth and compliant operation.
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The current carrying value of a bond is $ 563,320 and the face value value is $ 254,666. The effective interest rate is 5 while the contractural rate of interest is 18 with interest payments semiannually on July 1 and January 1. Rounding to the nearest dollar, what is the amont of bond interest expense to be recorded on July 1?
The bond interest expense to be recorded on July 1 is approximately $50,698.It is calculated by multiplying the carrying value of the bond by the contractual interest rate and dividing it by 2.
How is the bond interest expense calculated for July 1?To calculate the bond interest expense to be recorded on July 1, we need to consider the carrying value of the bond and the contractual interest rate. The carrying value represents the current value of the bond, while the contractual interest rate is the stated interest rate on the bond.
In this scenario, the carrying value of the bond is given as $563,320, and the contractual interest rate is 18%. Since interest payments are made semiannually, we need to calculate the interest payment for the period.
To do this, we multiply the carrying value by the contractual interest rate and divide it by 2. This is because the interest payment is typically calculated as a percentage of the face value and paid semiannually.
Bond interest payment = Carrying value * Contractual interest rate / 2
Bond interest payment = $563,320 * 18% / 2 = $50,697.60 (rounded to the nearest dollar).
Therefore, the amount of bond interest expense to be recorded on July 1 would be approximately $50,698. This represents the interest payment for the specified period based on the bond's carrying value and the contractual interest rate.
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True or false ?
If a firm’s producer surplus is negative in the long run, it
must also experience diseconomies of scale.
The given statement" If a firm’s producer surplus is negative in the long run, it must also experience diseconomies of scale." is false. A negative producer surplus in the long run does not necessarily indicate that a firm is experiencing diseconomies of scale.
Producer surplus represents the difference between the price at which a firm is willing to supply a good and the price it actually receives. It is influenced by various factors such as production costs, market conditions, and efficiency.
Diseconomies of scale, on the other hand, occur when a firm's average costs increase as it expands its production scale. While diseconomies of scale can lead to a decrease in producer surplus, a negative producer surplus can also result from other factors such as market fluctuations, excessive competition, or inefficient production processes. Therefore, the presence of a negative producer surplus does not necessarily imply diseconomies of scale.
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Using the ROI valuation technique, calculate the purchase price for a business with a FD 250000/- annual profit and a level of risk that commands a 15 per cent return on investment. What would be the purchase price for the same business if the anticipated ROI was 10 per cent?
The ROI valuation technique is used to calculate the purchase price for a business with FD 250000/- annual profit and a level of risk that commands a 15% return on investment, as well as to calculate the purchase price for the same business if the anticipated ROI is 10%.
Proceed as follows:
1. Using the formula: Purchase price = FD × 100 / ROI%, we can determine the purchase price for the business when the ROI is 15%
Purchase price = 250000 × 100 / 15%
Purchase price = Rs. 1666666.672.
We can use the same formula to determine the purchase price of the same business if the anticipated ROI is 10%.
Purchase price = FD × 100 / ROI%
Purchase price = 250000 × 100 / 10%Purchase price = Rs. 2500000
Therefore, the purchase price of the same business would be Rs. 2500000 if the anticipated ROI was 10%.
Hence, the answer is: Using the ROI valuation technique, the purchase price for a business with a FD 250000/- annual profit and a level of risk that commands a 15% return on investment is Rs. 1666666.67, and the purchase price for the same business if the anticipated ROI was 10% is Rs. 2500000.
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What interest rate, compounded monthly, is equivalent to 10.04% effective interest rate?
Amount compounded monthly, is equivalent to 10.04% effective interest rate therefore, the equivalent interest rate is 12.6826% approximately.
To find out the equivalent interest rate that is compounded monthly when an effective interest rate is given, we need to use the following formula:
Effective rate = (1 + r/n)n - 1 Where:
r = the nominal interest rate (annual) and
n = the number of compounding periods per year
Firstly, let's write the given data:
r = 10.04% effective interest rate
n = 12 since it is compounded monthly
Now let's substitute the values in the formula and solve for r:
r = (1 + 10.04%/12)^12 - 1r
= (1.0083667)^12 - 1r
= 0.1268257 or 12.6826% (rounded to 4 decimal places)
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The process by which management allocates available investment funds among competing capital investment proposals is referred to as:
a. capital rationing.
b. capital expenditure budgeting.
c. leasing.
d.capital assignment.
The process by which management allocates available investment funds among competing capital investment proposals is referred to as capital expenditure budgeting. The correct answer is: b
Capital expenditure budgeting is the process by which management allocates available investment funds among competing capital investment proposals. It involves evaluating and prioritizing potential investment projects to determine which ones will receive funding based on their expected returns, risks, and alignment with the organization's strategic goals.
The process typically includes identifying investment opportunities, estimating cash flows and financial metrics, conducting risk assessments, and making decisions on the allocation of capital resources.
By engaging in capital expenditure budgeting, management aims to maximize the value and profitability of the organization by investing in projects that are expected to generate the highest returns and contribute to the long-term success of the business.
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A monopolistic firm is considering to decrease the price of its product from $10 to $7. According to the available data, the quantity demanded will rise from 1200 units to 1800 units. (1) Using the midpoint method, compute the arc elasticity between two prices, $10 and $7. (2) Based on the elasticity you computed in (1), explain whether or not the firm should decrease the price from $10 to $7 in order to increase its revenue.
1) The arc elasticity between the prices $10 and $7 can be calculated using the midpoint method. It measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price. By using the formula for arc elasticity, we can determine the percentage change in quantity demanded and the percentage change in price.
2) Based on the computed elasticity, we can assess whether the firm should decrease the price from $10 to $7 to increase its revenue. If the elasticity is greater than 1, the demand is elastic, and a price decrease will lead to a proportionally larger increase in quantity demanded.
If the elasticity is less than 1, the demand is inelastic, and a price decrease may not significantly impact quantity demanded. The firm should consider the elasticity value to make an informed decision regarding price adjustment.
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graham if a financial advisor has a new client with existing assets, they should invest all the assets at once rather than a dollar-cost averaging approach.
True or False
The given statement is false because A financial advisor should assess the client's goals, risk tolerance, market conditions, and other relevant factors to determine whether a lump sum investment or DCA approach is more suitable.
Both approaches have their pros and cons, and the choice between them depends on factors such as the client's risk tolerance, investment goals, market conditions, and personal circumstances. Here are a few considerations:
Market Timing: If the market is volatile or uncertain, and the investor is concerned about making a large investment at a potentially unfavorable time, DCA can help mitigate the risk of investing a lump sum at the wrong time.
Risk Tolerance: Lump sum investing exposes the entire amount to market fluctuations immediately, which can be a significant risk for some investors. DCA provides a more gradual and potentially less risky approach, especially for risk-averse individuals.
Opportunity Cost: On the other hand, if the market is generally expected to rise over time, investing a lump sum upfront may capture potential gains sooner, potentially resulting in higher returns compared to DCA.
Psychological Factors: Clients may have emotional biases or concerns about investing a large sum all at once. DCA can help address these concerns and provide a sense of comfort and control.
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Paper Manufacturing makes and sells a single product called a Yute. The company is in the process of preparing its Selling and Administrative Expense Budget for the last quarter of the year. The following budget data are available: Not yet answered Points out of 3 P Flag Variable Cost Monthly Per Yute Sold Fixed Cost question Sales commissions Shipping Advertising Executive salaries Depreciation on office equipment Other All of these expenses (except depreciation) are paid in cash in the month they are incurred. If the company has budgeted to sell 22,000 Yutes in November, then the total budgeted selling and administrative expenses for November would be: $2.10 $3.90 $7.40 $34,000 $198,000 $10,000 AM $0.60 $38,000 12 6 Ch 7 Select one: O a. $588,000.00 O b. $541,800.00 O c. $578,000.00 O d. $528,000.00 xam Ch 10 Ch 8 Question 25
To calculate the total budgeted selling and administrative expenses for November, we need to add up the variable costs and fixed costs associated with selling and administrative expenses.
Given the information provided, the variable costs per Yute sold are as follows:
Sales commissions: $2.10Shipping: $3.90Advertising: $7.40So the total variable cost per Yute sold is $2.10 + $3.90 + $7.40 = $13.40.
The fixed costs for November are as follows:
Executive salaries: $34,000Other expenses: $10,000Therefore, the total fixed costs for November are $34,000 + $10,000 = $44,000.
To find the total budgeted selling and administrative expenses for November, we multiply the total variable cost per Yute sold by the number of Yutes budgeted to be sold in November and then add the fixed costs:
Total budgeted selling and administrative expenses = (Total variable cost per Yute sold) x (Number of Yutes sold) + Total fixed costs
= ($13.40 x 22,000) + $44,000 = $294,800 + $44,000 = $338,800Therefore, the total budgeted selling and administrative expenses for November would be $338,800. None of the given answer choices match the correct value, so the correct answer is not provided.
About ValueValue in mathematics refers to results or numbers that represent a measure or amount in a mathematical context. Values can represent various concepts such as numbers, variables, or functions. In mathematics, values are often used to perform calculations, comparisons or modeling of mathematical phenomena.
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A German buyer and a France seller concluded a contract for the sale of machinery to produce cosmetics. The machinery delivered turned out to be defective and the parties concluded a second contract to replace the defective machinery with machinery of a different type and price. After the new machinery had been delivered the buyer brought an action before a court alleging that the new machinery was also defective.
Answer the following questions and give reasons for your answers:
1. Does Vienna Convention (CISG) apply?
2. Under CISG, has seller fulfilled its obligations?
3. Which remedies could buyer have?
1. No, the Vienna Convention (CISG) does not apply.
2. Under CISG, it cannot be determined if the seller has fulfilled its obligations as the CISG does not apply.
3. The buyer's remedies would depend on the applicable law, which is not specified in the scenario.
1. The Vienna Convention (CISG) applies to international contracts for the sale of goods between parties from different countries that have ratified the convention. However, in this scenario, it is not explicitly mentioned whether Germany and France have ratified the CISG or if the contract falls within the scope of the convention. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that the CISG applies.
2. Since the CISG does not apply (as mentioned in the previous answer), the provisions of the CISG regarding the seller's obligations cannot be applied to assess whether the seller has fulfilled its obligations.
3. Without knowing the applicable law, it is not possible to determine the specific remedies available to the buyer. Different legal systems may provide different remedies for breach of contract, such as termination, damages, specific performance, or other forms of relief. The applicable law would need to be determined to assess the buyer's available remedies in this case.
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Determine the standard deviation of demand during review period and lead time if the review period is 10 days, lead time is 15 days and the standard deviation of demand during interval is 125 units.
The standard deviation of demand during the review period is approximately 395.28 units, and the standard deviation of demand during the lead time is approximately 484.19 units.
Review period = 10 days
Lead time = 15 days
Standard deviation of demand during interval = 125 units
Variance = (Standard deviation of demand during interval)²
= 125² = 15,625
Number of intervals = Review period / Interval length
= 10 / 1 = 10 intervals
For the lead time: Number of intervals = Lead time / Interval length
= 15 / 1 = 15 intervals
Variance = Variance of demand during interval × Number of intervals
= 15,625 × 10 = 156,250
For the lead time, Variance
= Variance of demand during interval × Number of intervals = 15,625 × 15 = 234,375
Standard deviation of demand during the review period
= √(Variance for the review period)
= √(156,250) ≈ 395.28 units
Standard deviation of demand during the lead time
= √(Variance for the lead time)
= √(234,375) ≈ 484.19 units
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Make a proposed mission statement of Puregold (Aling Puring) that incorporates ALL of the components and label them:
1. Customers
2. Products or serviced
3. Markets
4. Technology
5. Concern for survival, growth and profitability
6. Philosophy
7. Self-concept
8. Concern for public image
9. Concern for employees
Limit to 150 words only
The proposed mission statement of Puregold (Aling Puring) that incorporates the given components is written here.
Mission Statement of Puregold (Aling Puring):
At Puregold (Aling Puring), our mission is to provide our customers (1) with a wide range of quality products and exceptional services (2) in the markets (3) we serve. By leveraging innovative technology (4), we aim to ensure the survival, growth, and profitability (5) of our organization.
We are driven by a philosophy (6) of delivering value and convenience to our customers, while maintaining a strong self-concept (7) as a trusted and reliable retailer. Our commitment to excellence extends beyond our customers and encompasses a concern for our employees (9), fostering a positive and supportive work environment.
Additionally, we prioritize a strong public image (8) by actively engaging in initiatives that benefit the community and promote social responsibility. Through these components, we strive to achieve our mission of providing exceptional products and services to our valued customers while ensuring the well-being of our employees and maintaining a positive public image.
This was the proposed mission statement of Puregold (Aling Puring) that incorporates the given components.
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When there is an excess demand of a product in an unregulated market, the tendency is for quantity demanded to increase. quantity supplied to decrease. O price to rise. O price to decrease.
When there is an excess demand of a product in an unregulated market, the tendency is for price to rise. Therefore, option C is the correct fill up for the given statement.
In unregulated market, Excess demand occurs when quantity demanded for goods or service exceed current supply at prevailing price. To alleviate this shortage, buyers can bid up prices to secure limited supplies of these commodities. When prices rise, supply will increase, while some consumers may choose to demand less. This price adjustment creates an equilibrium where the quantity demanded matches the quantity supplied, reducing or eliminating excess demand.
Therefore,unregulated markets tend to push up prices as they help balance imbalances between market supply and demand. Thus, option C is the correct answer.
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The complete question is:
When there is an excess demand of a product in an unregulated market, the tendency is for :
A. quantity demanded to increase.
B. quantity supplied to decrease.
C. price to rise.
D. price to decrease.
Fields & Company expects its EBIT to be $125,000 every year forever. The firm can borrow at 7 percent. The company currently has no debt, and its cost of equity is 12 percent. a. If the tax rate is 24
a. If the tax rate is 24% and Fields & Company decides to finance itself entirely with equity, what is the value of the firm? b. If Fields & Company borrows $325,000 at 7 percent, what is the value of the firm? If the tax rate is 24% and Fields & Company decides to finance itself entirely with equity, the value of the firm is calculated as follows: Value of the firm = EBIT / rWhere, EBIT = $125,000, r = Cost of equity = 12%
The value of the firm is,$125,000 / 0.12 = $1,041,667b. If Fields & Company borrows $325,000 at 7 percent, the value of the firm is calculated as follows: Value of the firm = [EBIT × (1 - t) / rD] + [D × (1 - t)]Where, EBIT = $125,000, t = Tax rate = 24%, rD = Cost of debt = 7%D = Debt = $325,000Substitute the values, Value of the firm = [$125,000 × (1 - 0.24) / 0.07] + [$325,000 × (1 - 0.24)] = $1,584,667Therefore, the value of the firm when Fields & Company decides to finance itself entirely with equity is $1,041,667, and the value of the firm when it borrows $325,000 at 7 percent is $1,584,667.
The first part of the question required the determination of the value of the firm if the tax rate is 24% and Fields & Company decides to finance itself entirely with equity. Since the company does not have any debt, the value of the firm can be obtained by using the formula; Value of the firm = EBIT/r, where EBIT = $125,000 and r = cost of equity = 12%. Therefore, the value of the firm is $1,041,667. For the second part of the question, it was required to calculate the value of the firm if Fields & Company borrows $325,000 at 7 percent. In this case, the cost of capital will be a combination of debt and equity. The formula used in this case is; Value of the firm = [EBIT × (1 - t) / rD] + [D × (1 - t)], where EBIT = $125,000, t = tax rate = 24%, rD = cost of debt = 7%, and D = debt = $325,000. When these values were substituted into the formula, the value of the firm was found to be $1,584,667.
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DVD retailers choose how many copies of a movie to purchase from a studio and to stock. The retailers have the right to return all unsold copies to the studio for a full refund, but the retailer pays the shipping costs for returned copies. A small mom-and-pop retailer will sell 1, 2, 3, or 4 copies with probabilities
0.2,
0.3,
0.3,
and
0.2,
respectively. Suppose that the retail market price of the DVD is
$15
and that the retailer must pay the studio
$8
for each copy. The studio's marginal cost is
$1.
The retailer's marginal profit is
$7
for selling each copy, and the studio's marginal profit is
$7
for each nonreturned copy sold to the retailer. The cost of shipping each DVD back to the studio is
$2.
The studio and retailer are risk neutral. a. How many copies of the DVD will the retailer order from the studio? What is the studio's expected profit-maximizing number of copies for the retailer toorder?
The retailer will order
nothing
DVDs, and the profit-maximizing quantity for the studio is
nothing
DVDs.
Given, Small mom-and-pop retailer will sell 1, 2, 3, or 4 copies with probabilities 0.2, 0.3, 0.3, and 0.2, respectively. Suppose that the retail market price of the DVD is $15 and that the retailer must pay the studio $8 for each copy.
The studio's marginal cost is $1. The retailer's marginal profit is $7 for selling each copy, and the studio's marginal profit is $7 for each non-returned copy sold to the retailer. The cost of shipping each DVD back to the studio is $2. The studio and retailer are risk-neutral.
To calculate the expected profit and to find out the optimal quantity to order, the following formula will be used. Expected profit = Expected revenue - Expected cost expected revenue = ($15 × number of copies) × probability of sellingExpected cost = $8 × number of copies purchased by the retailer + $1 × the number of copies not returned by the retailer to the studio + $2 × the number of copies returned by the retailer to the studio. Let x be the number of DVDs the retailer order from the studio.
The expected revenue of the studio is($15 × number of copies) × probability of selling$15(x) (0.2 + 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.2) = $3xThe expected cost of the studio is$8 × number of copies purchased by the retailer + $1 × the number of copies not returned by the retailer to the studio + $2 × the number of copies returned by the retailer to the studio= $8x + $1(x)(1 - 0.2 - 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.2) + $2($15 - x)(0.2 + 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.2) = $8x + $7($15 - x) = $105 - $1xThen the expected profit of the studio is$3x - $105 + $1x = $2x - $105So the expected profit of the studio is $2x - $105
The retailer will order nothing DVDs, and the profit-maximizing quantity for the studio is nothing DVDs.
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What are the primary goals of a DSS for an enterprise? What different aspects of business does it provide for the organization?
The primary goals of a DSS (Decision Support System) for an enterprise are as follows:
1. Improve decision-making
2. Improve business processes
3. Increase operational efficiency
4. Provide insights into performance metrics and key performance indicators
5. Enhance strategic planning
6. Offer competitive advantage.DSS (Decision Support System) provides different aspects of business for an organization by offering better decision-making capabilities that can assist to achieve the following:
1. Improve decision-making
2. Improve business processes
3. Increase operational efficiency
4. Provide insights into performance metrics and key performance indicators
5. Enhance strategic planning
6. Offer competitive advantageDSS has various aspects which provide different benefits to the organization like:
1. Data Management: It provides data access to the user, providing them with historical data and real-time data.
2. Analysis: DSS analyzes the data using various models and analytical tools.
3. User Interface: DSS provides an interface where the user can interact with the data and make decisions based on it.
4. Knowledge Management: DSS provides a knowledge base for the user that can be used to make better decisions.
DSS is used to help organizations in decision-making. It offers various benefits to the organization by improving business processes, increasing operational efficiency, providing insights into performance metrics and key performance indicators, enhancing strategic planning and offering a competitive advantage.
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