Even if the bacteria is absent from the food, several fungi, mycotoxins, protozoa me be present in the food.
Foods are rarely sterile and often contain natural chemical substances. They contain a diverse population of microbes that come from many sources of the natural micro flora. From the time of harvest to the time of preparation and consumption, microbes contaminate the food. A food's microflora is primarily influenced by the type of microbe, the features of the food, contamination, and the conditions during preparation and storage. Foods may contain bacteria, fungus, protozoa, algae, viruses, and other microbial species.The absence of bacteria does not guarantee that the food is safe to consume because there may still be enterotoxins, mycotoxins, fungi, and other difficult-to-identify microorganisms present.learn more about food microflora here: https://brainly.com/question/15936720
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An amoeba is a single-celled organism that feeds on algae, plant cells, and bacteria. When an amoeba feeds, it first makes contact with the food particle. Next, the amoeba starts to surround the particle. Once the particle is completely engulfed, it is surrounded by a layer of the amoeba's membrane, forming a vesicle. The pH in the vesicle is then lowered and the contents are degraded.
What type of transport is involved in this process?
A.
passive transport
B.
diffusion
C.
exocytosis
D.
endocytosis
An amoeba uses pseudopodia to engulf its food via a process called endocytosis. The correct answer is D.
A type of active transport called endocytosis occurs when a cell takes in substances from the outside by engulfing them with its membrane. In this instance, the amoeba encloses the food particle with its membrane to form a vesicle. Phagocytosis, a particular kind of endocytosis that entails the consumption of solid particles, is another name for this process.
There are several steps involved in the amoeba's endocytosis process. The amoeba first comes into contact with the food particle. The particle is then surrounded, and eventually a vesicle is formed when the membrane completely encloses the particle. The pH is lowered inside the vesicle, which aids in the contents' degradation. The amoeba can absorb nutrients from ingested food thanks to this process.
This makes endocytosis a correct answer, i.e. option D.
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The type of _______ found in oats, barley, lentils, split peas, and beans protects against heart disease.
Why are groups of small cells better than one large cell at moving material in and out?
A) they have a lower surface to volume ratio
B) they have a smaller volume
C) they have more cell structures
D) they have a greater surface to volume ratio
Groups of small cells better than one large cell at moving material in and out because they have a lower surface to volume ratio. Option D
What is cell?A cell can be defined as the simplest, basic, structural and functional unit of life. The study of cell is known as cytology.
There are two types of living organisms based on the numbers of cells they have; these are
Unicellular organismsMulticellular organismsTherefore, groups of small cells better than one large cell at moving material in and out because they have a lower surface to volume ratio.
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Label the chromosomes in this drawing as being maternal or paternal
Answer:
please include a picture so I can see what you are referring to
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste material and debris in the cell? lysosome ribosome mitochondrion chloroplast
Answer:
Lysosomes
Explanation:
Disintegrator bodies, or lysosomes, are spherical organelles with membranous membranes and active hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes. Lysosomes are huge and plentiful in phagocytes, the cells that eliminate invasive germs and cell debris, as one might expect. Nearly all types of biological compounds can be broken down by lysosomal enzymes. They are known as acid hydrolases because they function best in acidic environments. In two crucial ways, the lysosomal membrane has been modified to support lysosomal activities. In order to maintain the acidic pH of the organelle, it first has H+ (proton) "pumps," which are ATPases that collect hydrogen ions from the surrounding cytoplasm. Second, it keeps the harmful lysosomal enzymes (acid hydrolases) while allowing the digestive end products to escape so that the cell may utilise them or excrete them. Thus, lysosomes offer locations within a cell where digestion may happen safely.
Lysosomes serve as the "demolition crew" of a cell by:
metabolizing endocytosed particles, notably poisons, viruses, and bacteriaDegrading worn-out or dysfunctional organelles and stressed or dead cells, a process more formally known as autophagy ("self-eating")carrying out metabolic processes including glycogen release and breakdownreleasing calcium ions into the blood by breaking down boneThe lysosomal membrane is typically relatively stable, but when the cell is harmed, is oxygenated insufficiently, or has an excessive quantity of vitamin A present, it becomes brittle. Autolysis is the process by which lysosomes burst, causing the cell to devour itself.
(A.) Lysosome
Have a great day and hydrate! <3
how is the blending theory of inheritance useful in genetics?
Charles Darwin's theory of pangenesis, in which every part of the body contributes to an egg or sperm, implied blending inheritance. Darwin's theory of natural selection was founded on the premise that blending inheritance would average out any novel beneficial trait before selection could act.
What is blending inheritance?Blending inheritance is an outmoded biological theory from the nineteenth century. According to the theory, children inherit any characteristic as the average of their parents' values for that characteristic.
As an example, a cross between a red flower variety and a white variety of the same species would result in pink-flowered offspring.
Charles Darwin's theory of pangenesis, in which every part of the body contributes to an egg or sperm, implied blending inheritance.
Darwin's theory of natural selection was founded on the premise that blending inheritance would average out any novel beneficial trait before selection could act.
Thus, this can be the importance of blending inheritance.
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Which two processes form a cycle, with the products of one process becoming the reactants of the other?
O photosynthesis and erosion
O bioremediation and cellular respiration
O cellular respiration and photosynthesis
O erosion and bioremediation
Answer:
The two cycles are photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration releases energy stored in glucose (during photosynthesis). Most of this energy is transferred to an energy molecule that can be used by all cells: ATP.
And the wastes of respiration are carbon dioxide and water, which are precisely the raw materials of photosynthesis in chloroplasts (forming two linked closed cycles).
Explanation:
Answer:
The two cycles are photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Which types of microbes are particularly likely to secrete proteases, which allow them to use proteins as an energy and carbon source
Fungi and some soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms are most likely to secrete proteases which allow them to use protein as an energy and carbon source.
An enzyme called a protease catalyzes the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or individual amino acids.
Basically, protease is a protein hydrolyzing enzyme.
There are different functions of this enzyme but in some cases like fungi and other soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, it allows proteins to serve as a source of carbon and nitrogen for the growth of microbes.
Enzymes that break down proteins(proteases) are released by these microbes extracellularly into amino acids .These amino acids can then be carried into cells and enter metabolic pathways for energy production.
In this way, these microbes secrete proteases which allow them to use protein as an energy and carbon source.
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When testing for tonicity of red blood cells, why were you unable to read the lab manual through the tubes containing hypertonic or isotonic solution
You were unable to read the lab manual through the tubes containing hypertonic or isotonic solution because the cells in those solutions remained intact, causing the solutions to be opaque.
In an isotonic solution, a red blood cell will not experience any net water movement. There won't be a net migration of water towards the solution or the cell since the concentration of the solute and water are identical both within and outside the cell.An animal or plant cell submerged in a hypertonic solution shrinks as a result of water loss ( water moves from a higher concentration inside the cell to a lower concentration outside ). hence the cells remain intact causing the solution to be opaque.learn more about hypertonic or isotonic here: https://brainly.com/question/19358677
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Which of the following is a result of mitosis?
A. Two newly synthesized DNA strands in each cell
B. One strand of original DNA and a new strand in each cell
C. A DNA molecule cleaved in half for each daughter cell
D. One cell has the original DNA, the other has new DNA
Answer:
answer is option is easy it is c
Please help me I desperately need it
Answer:
D) Water temperature decreases; copper temperature increases
Explanation:
The temperature is a way of describing how much heat something has. Because the temperatures of the two substances are not the same, the heat is going to want to travel to the substance with less heat. Therefore, since the copper has less heat than the water, the heat will be transferred to the copper. Remember that this heat is now leaving the water. This increases the temperature of the copper and decreases the temperature of the water.
Why does the lethal “b” allele affect more males than females?
In female mammalian cells, one X chromosome of the two would undergo random inactivation early in embryonic life, and therefore both males and females have a single active Y. with this the disease has a predilection in men because women do not carry the Y gene
What are the consequences of lethal alleles?Recessive lethal alleles cause death when they are homozygous. Death occurs at the stage when the product of this gene is needed. If the gene in question is responsible for the synthesis of a particular protein in early childhood, for example, the organism will die at that moment.
With this information, we can conclude that Y chromosome, is what guarantees the development of a male embryo and the lethal “b” allele
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A normal human genotype is made up of: a set of 23 single chromosomes. a set of 23 pairs of chromosomes. 46 pairs of genes. over 1,000,000 different genes.
A normal human genotype is made up of a set of 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What is a Genotype?The genotype is the individual organism's unique set of all genes. A genotype can also be defined as the complete set of heritable genes that can be transferred to the offspring from its parents.These genes help to encode specific features and characteristics that can be physically expressed in an organism (phenotype).The three genotypes are homozygous dominant (PP), Heterozygous (Pp), and Homozygous (pp).The human genotype is formed by 46 chromosomes or a set of 23 chromosomes.To learn more about Gene,
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What is the most likely explanation for the failure of bm12 mice to make a CD4 T cell response to bovine insulin
The most likely explanation for the failure of bm12 mice to make a CD4 T cell response to bovine insulin is because the bovine insulin [A 1-14] fails to bind to bm12.
This happens because MHC complexes on antigen-presenting cells will be recognized as foreign by T cells of bm12mice due to which it fails to respond against bovine insulin.
T cells are specific against a particular antigen and are manufactured in the thymus. Once released from the thymus they remain circulating in the body until they recognize their specific antigen on the APCs [antigen presenting cells]. Then CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells come into action and bind to the specifically recognized antigen forming an MHC complex over the surface of APCs triggering the activation of the T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs.
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The two DNA strands are held together by ____________ bonding between the bases on the different strands; therefore, all the bases are on the ____________ of the double helix, and the sugar-phosphate backbones are on the ____________ .
The two DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds.
all the bases are on the inside of the double helix.
and the sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside
Base pair nucleotides are complementary. That is, their shape allows them to connect to each other using hydrogen bonds. The A-T pair forms two hydrogen bonds. The C-G pair forms three. Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases hold the two strands of DNA together.
The role of hydrogen bonds, sometimes thought to be important in holding DNA helices together, seems to be related to classifying base pairs to connect in the correct order. This discovery is important for understanding how DNA is related to its environment.
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Conduction of an action potential along the sarcolemma depends upon ___________.
According to the research, an action potential along the sarcolemma depends upon diffusion of sodium ions through voltage-gated channels.
What is the sarcolemma?It is the specialized cell membrane that surrounds the cells of striated muscle fibers.
It resembles in many respects the plasma membrane of neuronal cells, the action potential propagates through it, opening voltage-dependent sodium channels and causing the opening of more sodium channels.
Therefore, we can conclude that an action potential along the sarcolemma depends upon diffusion of sodium ions through voltage-gated channels.
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One possible way to categorize nervous system disorders is to check levels of neurotransmitters. What degenerative disorder is partly identified by the progressive loss of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
What is Parkinson's disease?
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative ailment that primarily affects dopamine-producing ("dopaminergic") neurons in the substantia nigra, a particular region of the brain.
In most cases, symptoms appear slowly over many years. Due to the variety of the condition, the evolution of symptoms can vary a little from person to person. People with PD might go through:
Tremor in the hands that is typically described as pill-rolling tremor when at rest. There may be additional tremor types.BradykinesiaLimb stiffnessBalance and gait issuesLearn more about Parkinson's disease here:
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how does fish breath?
Answer:
through the help of gills?
Salmon eggs hatch in freshwater streams and, during their first year of life, the young salmon migrate distances up to 1,000 km in order to reach the ocean. Here they spend up to 5 years where they feed and grow, acquiring more than 95% of their biomass. During the summer of their maturing year, they begin the long journey back to their home streams to spawn. Although it is still uncertain how salmon navigate back to their spawning grounds, current hypotheses suggest that they have a highly developed sense of smell that allows them to remember odors they encountered on their migration to the ocean. They then use these odors to help them navigate back to the streams where they were born. At the spawning grounds, females use their tails to form a hollow cavity in the stream gravel where they lay up to 8,000 eggs. The males fertilize the eggs, and both adults typically die soon thereafter. The physiological response that allows salmon to survive in fresh water, then in salt water, and then fresh water again is an example of ________.
Acclimation is the physiological response or phenomenon which is responsible for survival of salmon in fresh water and salt water.
When a young salmon starts its sea journey it travels wide distances in search for oceans completing a leg of their journey. They travel back to home streams for spawning. This survival in different osmotic potentials and salinity is due to osmoregulation and acclimation. System of salmon detects saline change and instigates a negative feedback system to the body water concentration. Similar feedback works contrastingly when salmon is in fresh water or marine streams of water.
Hence, the physiological response occuring in salmon is acclimation.
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Which two methods helped the revivalists of the Great Awakenings increase people’s participation?
camp meetings
prayers during work hours
women leading prayers
creating rituals for mass experiences
Camp meetings and prayers during work hours are the two methods that helped the revivalists of the Great Awakenings increase people’s participation.
What is Great Awakening?The Great Awakening was a religious revival that impacted the English colonies in America. This movement started when the idea of secular rationalism was being emphasized. This movement bring survival of religion in the society.
So we can conclude that Camp meetings and prayers during work hours are the two methods that helped the revivalists of the Great Awakenings increase people’s participation.
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The two methods that helped the revivalists of the Great Awakenings increase people’s participation were camp meetings and prayers during work hours.
Who are revivalists?Revivalists are individuals that promotes and conducts religious revival meetings.
In order to increase the participation of the people the following activities where encouraged:
Camp meetings: This is where individuals are being gathered and taught the gospel. Prayers are equally carried out during this meeting.Prayers during work hours: The revivalist uses this opportunity to engage the working class citizens.Therefore, the two methods that helped the revivalists of the Great Awakenings increase people’s participation were camp meetings and prayers during work hours.
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The standard scientific method is how we conduct all scientific research. Group of answer choices True False
The statement “the standard scientific method is how we conduct all scientific research,” is true.
Standard Scientific Methods
The problem-solving method utilized for various scientific studies is called scientific methods. It has 5 common steps and one feedback step. They are,
Making observationAsking questionsHypothesis formationMaking predictions based on the given hypothesisTesting the predictions based on the given hypothesis.Using the results to create a different and new hypothesisSuch a methodology is utilized in all fields of science including chemistry, biology, physics, geology, psychology, etc. During such a study the hypothesis formed in the beginning could be correct or incorrect and this result can be used to form new hypotheses and observations. Most of the time such studies are not linear and can circle back to the origin.
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The statement “the standard scientific method is how we conduct all scientific research,” is true.
Standard Scientific Methods
The problem-solving method utilized for various scientific studies is called scientific methods. It has 5 common steps and one feedback step. They are,
Making observationAsking questionsHypothesis formationMaking predictions based on the given hypothesisTesting the predictions based on the given hypothesis.Using the results to create a different and new hypothesisSuch a methodology is utilized in all fields of science including chemistry, biology, physics, geology, psychology, etc. During such a study the hypothesis formed in the beginning could be correct or incorrect and this result can be used to form new hypotheses and observations. Most of the time such studies are not linear and can circle back to the origin.
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Which are classified as accessory muscles that assist in active exhalation, as in when you are pushing out extra air from your lungs
The accessory expiratory muscles that assist in active exhalations are
Rectus abdominisExternal obliqueInternal obliqueTransversus abdominis.What is rectus abdominis?Rectus abdominis at the front of the pelvis, hanging between the ribs and the pubic bone.
What is external oblique?
One of the most important abdominal muscles, the external oblique muscle wraps around and descends to the pelvis from the lower half of the ribs.
What is internal oblique?On the outside of the abdomen, there is a muscle called the internal abdominal oblique.
What is transversus abdominis?In the internal oblique muscle's near vicinity in the abdomen is the transverse abdominis.
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Which type of desert would most likely contain the greatest number of xerophytes?
A. semiarid
B. coastal
C. hot and dry
D. cold
Answer:
A xerophyte is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water, such as a desert like hot and dry
Hot and dry type of desert would most likely contain the greatest number of xerophytes. So, the correct option is C.
What are xerophytes?Xerophytes are plants which have evolved to thrive in arid or low-water situations. These plants have a variety of characteristics that aid in water conservation, including deep roots that can access groundwater, thick, waxy leaves that limit water loss via transpiration, and the capacity to close stomata during the warmest part of the day. Cacti, succulents, and a wide variety of desert plants are examples of xerophytes.
The greatest concentration of xerophytes would presumably be found in hot, dry deserts because of their adaptation to such environments. In order to thrive in arid settings, plants known as xerophytes have developed specialised adaptations to lessen water loss and retain water in their tissues.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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SNPs are _____, and they _____ produce phenotypic differences. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices
SNPs are Single nucleotide polymorphism and they produce phenotypic differences.
SNPs are polymorphisms that result from single point mutations that result in various alleles with different bases at certain nucleotide positions within a locus. SNPs are already the most common sort of marker because of their enormous prevalence in the genome.SNPs can either be silent (synonymous), modify the encoded amino acids, or just appear in non-coding areas. They may have an impact on messenger RNA (mRNA) structure (stability), subcellular localization of mRNAs and/or proteins, promoter activity (gene expression), and hence may result in illness.learn more about Single nucleotide polymorphism here: https://brainly.com/question/26721811
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Plants introduced into new habitats in which they were not originally raised are said to be ________.
''Going outside with wet hair will make you sick."
What would be the independent and dependent variables?
And they also asked for a procedure that anyone can follow and test the hypothesis.
Answer:
Explanation:
Going outside with wet hair
Children have heard the warnings since the beginning of time: “Don’t go out in the cold with wet hair, or you’ll catch pneumonia!” But with apologies to grandma (she has so much other wisdom to share), this one isn’t true.
You cannot get sick from simply going outside with wet hair.
“Hair being wet is not the cause for catching a cold,” Dr. Goldman says. “A microorganism, such as a virus, has to be involved to cause a cold.”
A $55 pair of shoes was discounted 15 percent, making the sale price $46.75. The discounted price was then discounted again by 10 percent. Explain how you would find the final price of the shoes
Answer:
$42.08
Explanation:
First equate the discounted(sale price) $46.75 to 100%. If
$46.75=100%,what about 90%since it was discounted by 10%
(90%×46.75)÷100
=$42.08
How does Inquiry differ from the Scientific Method?
Inquiry differs from the scientific method in the following ways:
Inquiry is a mere search for information or fact while scientific method is a procedural method of discovering information.
What is the scientific method?The scientific method is a method of discovering knowledge about the natural world based on hypotheses, testing them empirically, and developing theories that match known data from repeatable physical experimentation.
Inquiry refers to a search for truth, information, or knowledge or the examination of facts or principles. It can also be termed as an investigation.
Therefore, inquiry is a mere search for information or fact while scientific method is a procedural method of discovering information.
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Even if blood is carefully collected into a tube that has not been treated with an anticoagulant, it will clot. Which part of hemostasis is triggered by the activation of clotting factor XII
The intrinsic pathway gets triggered by the activation of clotting factor XII in hemostasis.
What is the function of factor XII in intrinsic pathway?We do not fully understand the precise function of factor XII in the clotting process or any extra effects it may have on the body. Factor XII may be involved in tissue repair and blood vessel development in addition to the clotting process (angiogenesis).
The intrinsic pathway is the longer pathway of secondary hemostasis. It begins with the activation of Factor XII (a zymogen, inactivated serine protease) which becomes Factor XIIA (activated serine protease) after exposure to endothelial collagen.
In the vascular system, trauma activates the intrinsic pathway, which is also triggered by platelets, exposed endothelium, chemicals, or collagen. Although slower than the extrinsic pathway, this one is more crucial.
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With a particular sterilization process, it takes 25 minutes to kill all organisms in a sample containing 100,000 (105) microbes. How long does it take to eliminate 90% of the organisms using this process
It takes 5 minutes to eliminate 90% of the organisms using this process
Sterilization refers to the process of destroying or eliminating the life of any form of microorganism and is performed in a medical facility by physical or chemical methods. Pressurized steam, dry heat, EtO gas, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, and liquid chemicals are the main sterilizers used in medical facilities. Sterilization means communicating the absolute meaning. Unfortunately, some health professionals and technical and commercial literature call "sterilization" and articles "semi-sterile". When chemicals are used to destroy all forms of microbiological life, they are sometimes referred to as chemical disinfectants. The same disinfectant used for shorter exposure times may also be part of the disinfection process (ie, higher levels of disinfection).
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