Ernest Rutherford suggested the Rutherford Atomic Model, often known as the Rutherford Model, as a nuclear atom or planetary model of the atom in 1911.
What is Rutherford's model supposed to explain?Rutherford's model was unable to explain why atoms are stable. The charged particles known as electrons should ultimately run out of energy and collide with the nucleus if they are continuously rotating around it.
According to the idea, an atom has a tiny, compact, positively charged center called a nucleus, where almost all of the mass is concentrated, while light, negatively charged particles called electrons orbit far around it, much like planets orbit the Sun.
The majority of the atom's space is vacant, according to three key findings of the experiment.
The nucleus is a very small region inside the atom where all the positive charges are gathered.
In comparison to the size of the atom, the size of the nucleus is extremely small.
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Is 0.5 NaCl hypotonic or hypertonic?
0.5 NaCl is definitely hypotonic.
What is hypotonic?Hypotonic is a term used to describe a solution that has a lower solute concentration than another solution, such as a cell. In osmosis, water will move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This can cause a cell to swell and burst when placed in a hypotonic solution.
This means that it has a lower concentration of solutes than the other solution, or the cell in which it is placed. It can help to draw water out of the cell, which can cause a cell to swell or even burst if too much water is drawn out. Hypotonic solutions are used to help treat dehydration and to aid in the absorption of medications.
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Please answer the 12 steps thank you Design a synthesis of 3-cyanocyclopentanol from cyclopentanol. OH OH CN Part 1 out of 12 ces Choose the best option for the immediate precursor to the target molecule. OH
The chemical equations showing synthesis of 3-cyanocyclopentanol from cyclopentanol is attached in the image below.
What is chemical equation?Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.
The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.
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What mass of sodium nitrate will dissolve in 100 grams of water at 20 C?
At 20°C, 100 grams of water can dissolve up to 37.2 grams of sodium nitrate.
What is dissolve?Dissolving is a physical process where a solid material is broken down into smaller particles and distributed within a liquid. This process can be achieved through several methods, such as applying heat, pressure, chemical reactions, or mechanical agitation. In a physical sense, dissolving is a process of taking a solid or liquid and forming a solution, which is a mixture of two or more substances. Dissolving is an important process in many industries, such as food production, pharmaceuticals, and chemical engineering. Dissolving is also used in everyday life, such as when adding sugar to tea or coffee.
This is due to the fact that sodium nitrate has a solubility of 37.2g/100g of water at 20°C. Solubility is the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent (in this case, water). As the temperature increases, the solubility of sodium nitrate also increases.
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Alcohols: SN2 reaction of 1-bromobutane and EtoNa 12 of 19 Review Constants Periodic Table Part A Predict the major organic product formed when the compound shown below undergoes a reaction with EtONa. Br
Option (B) 3-dimethylbutan-2-amine is the primary organic product generated by the following process.
It should be emphasized that the ketone and primary amine reaction takes place in an acidic buffer. The primary organic product of this reaction is ethyl chloride. Carbohydrates, fats (lipids), proteins, and nucleic acids are examples of organic chemicals that serve as the foundation for life's molecules. Petroleum and natural gas, which are the major components of fossil fuels, are also organic molecules. The addition of hydrogen bromide to propene yields 2-Bromopropane. As a result, option B is the correct answer. 3-dimethylbutan-2-amine is the primary organic product generated by the following process.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. ______ contain(s) many ______, and ______ are instructions for producing ______.
Chromosomes contain many genes, and genes are instructions for producing proteins.
Chromosomes are thread-like objects that are found in the nucleus (core) of cells. One chromosome is made up of one protein and one DNA molecule. Different chromosome sizes can be packed together into a nucleus thanks to proteins called histones. Our chromosomes would be as tall as ours without them. The exact instructions needed by your cells to create a distinct you are provided by your chromosomes.
There should be 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans (46 total). Chromosomes are divided into one pair of sex chromosomes and 22 numbered pairs (autosomes) (X and Y). You receive a pair of chromosomes, one from each parent. The building blocks of your body are your genes. The instructions to produce proteins are provided by some genes. Your body receives instructions from proteins about the kinds of physical traits you ought to have, such as your hair and eye colour. Some genes produce RNA that performs additional functions.
Hence, genetic information is translated into protein based on need.
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What will be the ratio of the root mean square speeds of the molecules of an ideal gas at 270K and 30K?
The ratio of the root mean square of the molecules of an ideal gas at 270K and 30K
Vrms/ V'rms = √ T/T' = √270/30= 3:1
What is formula to calculate RMS?The root mean square of the molecules is given by
Vrms= √3RT/m
T is the temperature
m is the mass of the molecules
R is the Gas constant
Calculation:In the question, it is given
T = 270K
T'= 30K
Thus, applying the above formula
Vrms (T) = √3R × 270/m
Vems(T') = √3R×30/m
Dividing the two
Vrms(T) / Vrms(T') = √270/30=√9= 3
Hence, the ratio of the RMS of molecules of an ideal gas at 270K and 30K
Vrms/ V'rms = √ T/T' = √270/30= 3:1
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How many moles of O2 are used to produce 4 moles of NO?
The number of moles of O₂ used to produce 4 moles of NO is 2 moles
How do I determine the mole of O₂ used?First, shall write the balanced equation. This is given below:
N₂ + O₂ -> 2NO
From the balanced equation above,
2 moles of NO were obtained from 1 mole of O₂
With the above information, we can determine the number of moles of O₂ used to produce 4 moles of NO. This can be obtained as follow:
From the balanced equation above,
2 moles of NO were obtained from 1 mole of O₂
Therefore,
4 moles of NO will be obtain from = (4 × 1) / 2 = 2 moles of O₂
Thus, number of mole of O₂ used is 2 moles
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What is the accurate Lewis Structure for CH3CH2COOH?
The accurate lewis structure for a CH₃CH₂COOH molecule is in the image attached to this answer.
Lewis structure is a very simplified representation of a molecule. It was introduced in 1916 by Gilbert N. Lewis. Lewis structure shows a molecule, what atoms it's composed of, where each atom is located, the bonds between each atoms, and whether there is any excess electrons or not.
In the Lewis structure of a CH₃CH₂COOH molecule, you can see that:
There are 5 number of C - H bonds.There is 1 O - H bond.There are 2 C- C- bonds.There are 3 C - O bonds.There are four unshared pairs of excess electrons.Learn more about lewis structure at https://brainly.com/question/20300458
Which will have higher boiling point 0.1 m NaCl or 0.1 m bacl2 solution in water?
When comparing the boiling points of 0.1 m NaCl and 0.1 m BaCl2 solutions in water, it is important to note that NaCl has a higher boiling point.
What is boiling point?Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes state from liquid to gas. At this temperature, the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure, and the liquid is said to be at its boiling point. Boiling point can vary depending on the atmospheric pressure, which is affected by elevation and weather. Generally, the higher the atmospheric pressure, the higher the boiling point of the liquid.
This is because NaCl is an ionic compound, which means it is composed of charged particles that form strong bonds with each other. These bonds are much more difficult to break than the weaker hydrogen bonds that form between molecules in BaCl2. Therefore, the boiling point of 0.1 m NaCl solution in water will be higher than the boiling point of 0.1 m BaCl2 solution in water.
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What are the factors that affect cleaning and sanitizing efficiency?
Duration, temperature, mechanical treatment, chemical reaction, and methods are the five main aspects that influence cleaning and are all equally crucial.
What aspects of sanitization influence them?Ground conditions, notably groundwater level, soil permeability, and soil stability, are significant factors in the selection of sanitation technology.
What three things must be taken into account when cleaning and sanitizing?The following three things need to be taken into account:Concentration: If there is insufficient sanitizer present, hazardous germs won't be sufficiently reduced.A lot of it can be harmful.Chemical sanitizers typically function best in liquid that is between 55°F (13°C) and 120°F in temperature (49oC).
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Can you put fruit in a pewter bowl?
Absolutely! Utilize those lovely dishes to the fullest. Always keep in mind that any acidic food, such as tomatoes, oranges, and vinegars, will create spots on pewter, just like they do on sterling.
Pewter can you put fruit on it?Cut flowers should not be placed inside a jug if you want to use it for something else. Additionally, avoid storing acidic foods or fluids in pewter for extended periods of time since this may cause the metal to tarnish.
Can you use Mexican pewter in cooking?Any form of meal, including salads, can be prepared in Mexican pewter. Both the refrigerator and the oven are compatible with it. Although it is not advised for baking, the majority of Mexican Pewter products are authorized for a maximum temperature of 350 degrees Fahrenheit.
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a student is given 1.4799 g of pure cuo. to recover the cu present in the compound, the dark powdery solid was dissolved in 15.0 ml of 6 m hcl and the solution was diluted to 50.0 ml with water. how many grams of mg is needed to displace all of the copper (ii) ions from the solution?
It takes 0.4402 grams of magnesium to remove every copper (II) ion from the solution.
A substance's mole is equivalent to 6.022 x 1023 of that material (such as atoms, molecules, or ions). The term "Avogadro's number" or "Avogadro's constant" refers to the number 6.022 1023.
Calculation:1 mole of CuO has 1 mole of ions, then 0.01834 moles of CuO will have 0.01834 moles ofMg(s) + Cu² (aq) → Cu(s) + Mg²(aq)
According to reaction , 1 mole of copper (II) ion reacts with 1 mole of magnesium solid .
Then 0.01834 moles of copper (II) ion will react with :
1 × 0.01834 mol = 0.01834 mol of magnesium
Mass of 0.01834 moles of magnesium :
0.01834 mol × 24 g/mol = 0.4402 g
0.4402 grams of Mg is needed to displace all of the copper (II) ions from the solution.
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Draw the Lewis structure for CH2O2
There are 18 valence electrons in total, and eight of them are used to create the four sigma covalent bonds in HCOOH ([tex]CH_{2}O_{2}[/tex]). Lewis structure is given below.
There are 18 valence electrons in the Lewis structure of HCOOH. Eight bonding electrons from them create four sigma covalent bonds in the Lewis structure of HCOOH. The last 10 electrons are non-bonding electrons that are located on the two oxygen atoms of the Lewis structure of HCOOH. Five of the ten non-bonding electrons on the HCOOH Lewis structure, which is supported by two oxygen atoms, are lone pair electrons. There are three lone pair electrons on one oxygen atom and two on another oxygen atom. As a result, there are five lone electron pairs altogether in the HCOOH Lewis structure.
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If you push repelling ends of magnets together really hard and let go of one of the magnets, you will have done what?
When you push repelling ends of magnets together really hard and let go of one of the magnets, you have reduced the potential energy between the magnets.
What is the magnet?When we talk about a magnet, we are talking about a material in which the magnetic domains have been properly aligned. The implication of this is that the material is able to cause the magnetic fields of other materials to also become aligned.
Thus the magnet is able to pick up the materials that are magnetizable such as the metals that can be attracted by it. If two magnets are repelling, the potential energy between the magnets would decrease as the magnet are being pushed apart.
As such, when you push the magnets together, the potential energy that is existing between the magnets would become reduced.
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draw the two resonance lewis structures for TeO2
Two-resonance Lewis structure for TeO₂ can be seen on attached file. Resonance structures are a representation of a single polyatomic that contain two or more Lewis structures.
What is Lewis structure?
Lewis structure is a simple representation of how electrons position around every atom in a molecule. It is also can be define as a portrayal of valence electron in the molecule. Here is the step to draw the Lewis structure:
Determine valence electrons in the molecule. base on periodic table Te has 6 valences and O has 6 valencesDraw the structure that connect all atom. The draw will be O - Te - OAdd a solo pair of electrons. Solo pair will be 3 on each O and 1 on Te. If there is remaining electrons, use it to complete the octet in the central atom by make a double bound on it. Since Te Has 6 valences, We will add 2 more connection to central from O - Te - O to O = Te = O Establish the normal charge of all atom. To calculate it you can use formula: group number of atom - half number of electrons that bound - number of solo pair electrons. See the attached file.Learn more about Lewis structure here
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What are the four 4 main ways that enzymes can bind catalyze a reaction?
The four main ways that enzymes can bind to and catalyze a reaction: Lock and Key Model, Induced Fit Model, Multi-Substrate Model, Cofactor Model.
Lock and Key Model: In this model, the enzyme has a specific active site that fits the shape of the substrate like a lock fits a key. The substrate fits into the active site, and the enzyme catalyzes the reaction.
Induced Fit Model: In this model, the enzyme's active site is flexible and changes shape slightly to fit the substrate. The substrate and enzyme still fit together specifically, but the active site changes shape slightly to better accommodate the substrate.
Multi-Substrate Model: In this model, the enzyme has multiple active sites and can bind to and catalyze the reaction of multiple substrates simultaneously.
Cofactor Model: In this model, the enzyme requires an additional molecule, called a cofactor, to catalyze the reaction. The cofactor may be a metal ion or a small organic molecule, and it binds to the enzyme to increase its activity.
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why is it important to perform the fractional distillation slowly? what happens if a fractional distillation is done very quickly by rapidly raising the temperature of the heat source?
To accomplish a satisfactory separation, a slow, even distillation is required since only under these circumstances can vapor and liquid in the distillation apparatus be in balance with one another.
What justifies using a slow fractional distillation process? What would occur if it was completed too soon?The best equilibration and heat transport can essentially be achieved through slow, steady distillation. If you heat the mixture too quickly, the vapors could not condense as quickly as you'd want, wasting some of the column. Packaging supplies are also essential. Packing materials with a large surface area give surfaces on which condensation can happen.
How does too-rapid distillation affect the process?Additionally, bumping may happen if the distillation proceeds too quickly. -The target liquid's vapors condense too soon and fall back into column.
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The Figure shows the elements of Period 3 and the first 3 elements of Group 6A of the Periodic Table. Use the Figure to answer questions 10 and 11.
10.Which of the elements have atomic radii larger than S? Select all that apply
A. Al
B. CI
C. Na
D. O
E. P
F. Se
The elements that have atomic radii larger than S are Al, Na, P, and Se.
The correct options are A, C, E, and F.
What are the atomic radii of elements?The atomic radii of elements are defined as the distance between the nuclei of two covalently bonded nuclei of atoms of elements.
Atomic radii of elements show periodicity.
The atomic radii of elements increase from top to down in a group in the periodic table whereas the atomic radii of elements decrease from left to right across a period in the periodic table.
Comparing the atomic radii of sulfur, S, and the given elements:
Al has a larger atomic radii
Cl has a smaller atomic radii
Na has a larger atomic radii
O has a smaller atomic radii
P has a larger atomic radii
Se has a larger atomic radii
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explain the statement, the standard electrode of zinc is -0.76 v
The standard electrode of zinc is -0.76 V means that the zinc electrode behaves as an anode.
The negative sign of the standard potential suggests that when the electrode is attached to the Standard Hydrogen electrode (SHE) it behaves as an anode. Oxidation takes places at anode. Standard electrode potential is the potential measured for the half cell against the Standard electrode at the standard conditions.
Therefore, the standard electrode of zinc is -0.76 V means that the Zinc electrode behaves as an anode and oxidation occur at this electrode.
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11) Choose the best Lewis structure for NO3 . A) B) C) D) E) 12) Identify the number of electron groups around a molecule with a trigonal bipyramidal shape. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 13) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry(mg) of BC13. A) eg trigonal planar, mg trigonal planar C) eg tetrahedral, D) eg-trigonal planar, mg bent E) eg trigonal bipyramidal, mg trigonal bipyramidal 14) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of SiF A) eg-tetrahedral, mg-trigonal pyramidal B) eg octahedral, mg square planar C) eg trigonal bipyramidal, mg-trígonal pyramidal D) eg tetrahedral, mg bent E) eg tetrahedral, mg tetrahedral
11. The Lewis structure of [tex]NO_{3}[/tex] can see in the Attachment.
12. The number of electron groups around a molecule with a trigonal bipyramidal shape is 5.
13. The electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of [tex]BCl_{3}[/tex] is
eg = trigonal planar, mg = trigonal planar
Thus, the correct answers are
11. C
12. E
13. There is no correct options in the question.
How do we find the number of electron groups?The “Electron Group” geometry of eаch centrаl аtom in а structure cаn be determined by simply counting the number of “groups” of electrons аround the аtom, then considering how those groups would аrrаnge themselves to be аs fаr аpаrt аs possible.
The structure [tex]BCl_{3}[/tex] moleculаr geometry is trigonаl plаnаr. The bond аngle is 120°. The centrаl аtom аlso hаs а symmetric chаrge аround it аnd the molecule is non-polаr.
Your question number 13 is incomplete, but most probably your full question can see in the Attachment.
Thus, the correct answer for question number 13 is A.
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what is the difference between the electron domain geometry of a molecule and its molecular geometry?
The fundamental distinction between electron domain geometry and molecular geometry is that electron geometry is found by taking both lone electron coordinates and bonds in the atom while molecular geometry is found utilizing just the bonds present in the atom.
Electron domain geometry is the state of a particle anticipated by considering both bond electron matches and solitary electron matches. The VSEPR hypothesis expresses that electron matches situated around a specific molecule repulse one another. These electron matches can be either holding electrons or non-holding electrons.
Molecular geometry is the state of a molecule anticipated by considering just bond electron matches. For this situation, lone electron matches are not considered. Also, two fold bonds and triple bonds are considered as single bonds.
Electron geometry is found by taking both the lone electron pairs and the bonds in a molecule whereas molecular geometry is found by using only the bonds present in the molecule.
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What materials are needed to test if a sample compound is ionic?
Answer:
You have these materials the solid compound a glass container a spoon and a conductivity apparatus.
Explanation:
what is the total number of valence electrons in the lewis structure of xeo4? electrons 2 question content area draw a lewis structure for xeo4. do not include overall ion charges or formal charges in your drawing. if the species contains oxygen, do not draw double bonds to oxygen unless they are needed in order for the central atom to obey the octet rule.
Total number of valence electrons in the Lewis structure of XeO4 is 32.
Valence electrons are electrons that located in the outermost electron shell of an atom. These electrons, being the furthest from the nucleus and thus the least tightly held by the atom, are the electrons that participate in bonds.
Lewis structure - A Lewis Structure is a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule.
Lewis structure of XeO4 is made up of one xenon and four oxygen atom, the xenon is in a central position, and all oxygen is at the surrounding position. There are four double bonds(Xe=O) present in the XeO4 lewis structure. The lewis structure of XeO4 contains 8 pairs of nonbonding electrons and 8 pairs of bonding electrons.
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During mr. Nye's science class, students were expected to identify various substances using physical properties they could easily measure. Mr. Nye gave each of the five groups a green, metal cube and asked them to identify what the cube was made of. Matt's cube, after 5 trials, had an average density of 7. 40 g/cm3. His group's cube was made of.
Matt's cube, after 5 trials, had an average density of 7.40 g/cm3. From this data, Matt's group was able to determine that the cube was made of zinc.
Zinc is a silver-white metal that is commonly used for galvanizing, die-casting, and other industrial uses. It has a relatively low melting point compared to other metals, and its density is 7.14 g/cm3, making it a relatively dense metal. The average density of 7.40 g/cm3, as measured by Matt's group, is also slightly higher than the expected value of 7.14 g/cm3, possibly due to the presence of impurities in the alloy.
In order to identify the metal cube, Matt's group relied on the physical properties of the metal to make their determination. They measured the density of the cube and compared it to the expected values for various metals. By doing this, they were able to narrow down the possible metals to zinc, and their final determination was that the cube was made of zinc.
The experiment was a great success for Matt's group, as they were able to take the data they collected and accurately identify the metal the cube was made of. Through this experiment, Matt and his group were able to demonstrate their understanding of physical properties and how they can help identify various substances.
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Please fully evaluate the IR spectrum of dibenzalacetone. Please include the IR absoprtion frequencies of the functional groups, type of vibration (bend, stretch), as well as the functional group that caused those frequencies (ketone, aromatic, etc...).
For example:
C-H Stretch
Aromatic
3000-3100 cm-1
The IR absorption frequencies of the functional groups is follows 3000-3300-Sp2 C-H stretching; 1500-1800-C=O stretching; 1400 -1500-Aromatic C=C stretching; 600-900-Alkene =C-H bending.
A number of steps are used to demonstrate the base-catalyzed aldol condensation synthesis of dibenzalacetone. The electrophilic carbonyl carbon in benzaldehyde is attacked in step one by an acetone anion acting as a nucleophile, resulting in the formation of a hydroxyl ketone.
After the hydroxide exits in step two, a double bond is created. The active nucleophile then transforms into an intermediate and attacks a benzaldehyde to create the second hydroxyl ketone.
In step three, the reaction is repeated, resulting in the formation of a second double bond, dibenzalacetone. There are three possible isomers of dibenzalacetone. Trans, trans (E,E), trans, cis (E,Z), and cis, cis are the three distinct isomers (Z,Z).
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Search and find 5 applications of Neutralisation reaction and draw a mind map for the
same.
Answer:
Wasp stings
For tummy aches and high acidity in the stomach
Tooth decays
To treat soils which are acidic
Bee stings
Can you put lemonade in a silver pitcher?
Yes we can put lemonade in a silver pitcher.
What is Acid ?
Acidic substances are typically easy to recognise by their sour flavours. A molecule that can donate an H+ ion and keep its energetic favorability even after losing H+ is a basic definition of an acid. Blue litmus paper is known to turn red when exposed to acids.
Bases, on the other hand, have a smooth consistency and a bitter flavour. A base that may dissolve in water is known as alkali. When these substances interact chemically with acids, salts are created. Red litmus has a history of becoming blue on bases.
The definitions of the terms acid and base vary depending on how one chooses to see the properties of acidity and basicity.
Yes, acidic fruit juices like orange or lemon juice have an interaction with silver in that they help to eliminate some types of surface discoloration that may develop. Because of this, jewellers soak jewellery in a moderate acid for 5 to 15 minutes to remove these coatings off the surface of the silver, among other things.
In order to prevent these dissolved chemicals from getting into your juice, it is a good idea to polish and then completely wash the silver pitcher or other silver crockery before use. Although it isn't particularly harmful, it might alter the flavor;)
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Complete the reaction, which is part of the electron transport chain. the abbreviation q represents coenzyme q. use the appropriate abbreviation for the product.
FADH2+Q →
The reaction, which is part of the electron transport chain. the abbreviation Q represents coenzyme Q. use the appropriate abbreviation for the product : FADH₂ + Q ----> QH₂ + FAD
The reaction, which is part of the electron transport chain. the abbreviation Q represents coenzyme Q. use the appropriate abbreviation for the product :
FADH₂ + Q ----> QH₂ + FAD
in this reaction ,the FADH₂ is oxidize. as we all know that that loss of electron is oxidation. the FADH₂ is acts as a reducing agent. The Q gains the electron and gets reduce because gain of the electrons is called as the reduction and act as a oxidizing agent.
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What are the 4 types of bonds in chemistry?
The four types of bonds in chemistry are ionic , covalent , hydrogen and polar covalent bond.
Generally the elements have an incomplete octet or an incomplete duplet . In order to gain noble gas configuration these elements reacts with each other to complete their octet or duplet.
This leads to formation of bond between them.
Bonds are formed either by losing an electron or by gaining an electron. Metal loses electrons forming cations whereas non metals gain electrons forming an anion.
Hydrogen bond is a weak bond in nature as they are based on Van der walls force of attraction whereas the others are strong bonds.
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as temperature increases, what happens to the viscosity of water? explain why this occurs, in terms of molecular interactions and the effect of changing temperature
The molecules move more quickly as the temperature rises, and their kinetic energies are better equipped to overcome the forces holding them together. As a result, the viscosity of the liquid reduces.
Why and what will happen to the viscosity when the temperature rises?Because particles interact more quickly and for shorter periods of time as temperature rises, viscosity will also decrease because internal friction or stress will be reduced.
How does a fluid's viscosity change as its temperature changes?The molecules become more mobile when the temperature rises due to an increase in kinetic or thermal energy. Reduced viscosity results from a decrease in the attractive binding energy.
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