The critical angle for the total internal reflection using snell's law is
θ(c) = sin⁻¹(n₂/n₁).
Total internal reflection:
Full reflection of a light ray from the surrounding surface is back into a medium like glass or water. If the incidence angle exceeds a specific limitation angle known as the critical angle.
critical angle:
The critical angle is the angle of incidence for which the angle of reflection is 90 degrees. the incidence angle above which 100% internal reflection takes place is known as the critical angle.
Critical angle by using shell's law :
n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂
n₁ and n₂ are refractive index of the two material.
n₁ sinθ(c) = n₂sin(90°)
where,
θ(c) is the critical angle.
θ(c) = sin⁻¹(n₂/n₁)
The critical angle for the total internal reflection using snell's law is
θ(c) = sin⁻¹(n₂/n₁).
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If a sonar wave takes 5.4 seconds to return to a ship, how far away is the object it bounced off?
2.05×10^9 m distance far away is the object it bounced off.
velocity= distance/time
velocity= 3×10^8 m/s
time= 5.4
velocity= distance/time
distance= 3×10^8×5.4
distance=2.05×10^9 m
Distance is the length between two locations or things, independent of direction. Since distance is a scalar property, it only takes into consideration the total magnitude and ignores the start and finish positions. Since distance is a scalar attribute, it can only have a positive or zero value; it cannot have a negative value.
The most common unit of measurement for distance is the meter (m), while larger distances can also be stated in kilometers (km), while smaller distances can be expressed in centimeters (cm) or millimeters (mm). When calculating distance, the letter D is often used to represent the distance traveled.
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Which of the following correctly shows the offspring probability for a cross between two yellow pea plants (Yy x YY), if yellow is the dominant trait?
The offspring probability for a cross between two yellow pea plants (Yy x YY) if yellow is the dominant trait is 100 percent yellow offspring and 50 percent of each genotype (i.e. Yy and YY genotypes).
What is genetic probability?The expression genetic probability makes reference to the likelihood to inherit a given phenotype and or a genotype from a genetic cross. In this case, one of the parents is homozygous dominant and therefore all F1 will be dominant.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that genetic probability makes reference to the phenotypes and genotypes in the progeny.
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Sand falls from a conveyor belt at a rate of onto the top of a conical pile. The height of the pile is always three-eighths of the base diameter. How fast are the height and the radius changing when the pile is m high?.
The radius changing when the pile is 0.031 m^3/min high
What is a conical pile?
Bulk material that has been discharged from the end of a static conveyor falls freely, forming conical stockpiles. The descent of material through the gusty air produces blinding plumes of dust in open-air conical stacks. Geometrical domes assist your plant to achieve its environmental objectives by obstructing the wind and containing this dust.
h=3d/8 = 3r/4
dh/dt = 3/4dr/dt
dV/dt = 11 m^3/min
V=1/3pi*r^2*h
dV/dt = pi/3 [2rhdr/dt + r^2 dh/dt]
In an instant, h is given
h=8m
r=32/3 m
dV/dt = pi/3 [2rhdr/dt + r^2 dh/dt]
11 = pi/3 [2*32/3*8dr/dt + 32*32/9* 3/4 dr/dt]
dr/dt = 0.041 m^3/min
dh/dt = 0.031 m^3/min
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why can the sunlight that illuminates the earth be approximated by plane waves, whereas the light from a nearby lamp cannot?
The wavefront is parallel to the motion's direction. The spherical wavefront still maintains its shape with a "nearby" lamp, therefore we cannot ignore the wavefront's shape.
In contrast to the shorter waves of blue light, the rings would be more widely separated for the longer wavelength red light. Since the wavefront from the Sun is coming from a point source, it is actually spherical. However, because of how tiny the Earth is in relation to the Sun and how far away the Sun is from the Earth. Since the pattern is made up of parallel straight-line-shaped fringes rather than the fringes of overlapping circles, Young's interference experiment with slits results in a crisper fringe pattern than with pinholes.
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If a car collides with a moving bus, what type of relationship exists between the force of the car and the force of the bus?.
When a collision occurs, forces act on both objects, causing them to accelerate. The forces are equal and directed in opposite directions.
What is collision force?Collision force is the force exerted on two bodies when they collide and move apart. In addition to the material properties of the two objects, two other factors influence the collision results. Force and time during which objects are in contact. In collisions between objects of the same mass, each object experiences the same acceleration. The faster the driving speed, the greater the impact and penetration of the vehicle.
According to the laws of physics, the force of impact increases in proportion to the square of the increase in velocity.
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A ball dropped onto a trampoline returns to the same height after the rebound.
a) Describe the energy change of the ball from the point of release to the top of the rebound
b) What can you say about the energy of the ball at the point of release compared with at the top of the rebound?
c)Describe how you would use test in a) to see which of the three trampolines is the bounciest
a. As the ball is dropped, the energy at the point of release is all potential energy, which then changes to kinetic and potential as the ball falls, then all kinetic just when the ball hits the trampoline and back to potential when the ball rebounds to its previous height.
b. The energy at the point of release is equal to the energy at the top of the rebound
c. The height of the rebound of the ball can be used to test which trampoline is bouncier.
What is the law of conservation of energy?The law of conservation of energy states that in a closed system, energy is neither created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another.
According to the law of conservation of energy, the total energy in a system is always conserved. This means that the total energy before and after a change is the same.
For the ball dropped from the trampoline, the energy of the ball is a sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. At some point, the energy of the ball is all potential or all kinetic, whereas at various points, it is a sum of the two energy forms.
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The gravitational field of the Moon is weaker than that of the Earth. It
pulls on each kilogram of mass with a force of 1.6N. What will be the
weight of a 50kg mass on the Moon? [4]
On the Moon, a 50 kg mass weighs 80 N.
What is moon?
The only natural satellite of Earth is the Moon. With a diameter that is roughly one-fourth that of the Earth, it is the fifth largest satellite inside the Solar System and the largest and also most massive when compared to its parent planet. According to the geophysical definitions of a term, the Moon qualifies as a satellite planet because it is a planetary-mass object with such a differentiated rocky body. There isn't much of an atmosphere, hydrosphere, as well as magnetic field there. With a surface gravity of 0.1654 g, it has a gravity that is roughly one-sixth that of Earth. Jupiter's moon Io is the only satellite inside the Solar System that is known to have a higher gravity and density. The main cause of Earth's tides, with an average orbital distance of 384,400 km (238,900 mi) or about 30 times the diameter of the planet, is the gravitational influence of the moon.
>Weight of 1 kilogram= 1.6 N
>Weight of 50 kilograms= 1.6 x 50
= 80
∴ On the Moon, a 50 kg mass weighs 80 N.
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a tank circuit contains a capacitor and an inductor that produce 30 of reactance at the resonant frequency. the inductor has a q of 15. the voltage of 277 v is connected to the circuit. what is the total circuit current at the resonant frequency?
The total circuit current at the resonant frequency is 0.61 amps
What is a LC Circuit?
A capacitor and an inductor, denoted by the letters "C" and "L," respectively, make up an LC circuit, also referred to as a tank circuit, a tuned circuit, or a resonant circuit. These circuits are used to create signals at particular frequencies or to receive signals from more complicated signals at particular frequencies.Q =15 = (wL)/R
wL = 30 ohms = Xl
R = 2 ohms
Zs = R + jXl = 2 +j30 ohms where Zs is the series LR impedance
| Zs | = 30.07 <86.2° ohms
Xc = 1/(wC) = 30 ohms
The impedance of the LC circuit is found from:
Zp = (Zs)(-jXc)/( Zs -jXc)
Zp = (2+j30)(-j30)/(2 + j30-j30) = (900 -j60)2 = 450 -j30 = 451 < -3.81°
I capacitor = 277/-j30 = j9.23 amps
I Zs = 277/(2 +j30) = (554 - j8,310)/904 = 0.61 - j9.19 amps
I net = I cap + I Zs = 0.61 + j0.04 amps = 0.61 < 3.75° amps
Hence, the total circuit current at the resonant frequency is 0.61 amps
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what best describes SONAR waves
Answer:Sonar, short for Sound Navigation and Ranging, is helpful for exploring and mapping the ocean because sound waves travel farther in the water than do radar and light waves.
Where do rock formations go when they are subducted?
Group of answer choices below
A. Above the surface
B. Into the ocean
C. Into the mantle
D. To the core
Rock formations go Into the mantle when they are subducted.
What is Subducted rock?Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries. Where the oceanic lithosphere of a tectonic plate converges with the less dense lithosphere of a second plate, the heavier plate dives beneath the second plate and sinks into the mantle.
Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries.
Rock formations go Into the mantle when they are subducted.
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a ball is shot at an angle of 45 degrees into the air with initial velocity of 45 ft/sec. assuming no air resistance, how high does it go? how far away does it land? hint: the acceleration due to gravity is 32 ft per second squared.
Answer:
Explanation: GIVEN :
∅ = 45°
INITIAL VELOCITY (V·) = 45 FT/SEC
ACC DUE TO GRAVITY = 32 FT/SEC²
REQUIRED :
MAXIMUM HEIGHT (HMAX) = ? OR how high does it go 2.MAXIMUM RANGE (RMAX) = ? OR how far away does it land?BY APPLYING FORMULA OF MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF PROJECTILE
HMAX = V·²SIN²∅/2G
HMAX = 45²SIN45²/2X32
HMAX = 1012.5/64
HMAX = 15.82FT
FOR MAX RANGE
BY APPLYING FORMULA OF MAX RANGE
R = V·²SIN2∅/G
R = 45²SIN2X45/32
R = 2025 X 1/32
R = 63.28FT
a block is attached to an oscillating spring. the expression below shows its position (cm) vs. time (s). what is the frequency of oscillation?
A 20 rad/s angular frequency is used. An object's rotation or oscillation with regard to time is measured by its angular frequency, a scalar physical quantity. Usually, it is indicated by the Greek letters or.
The SI unit of radians per second, or rpm, is used to measure it (revolutions per minute). It deviates by a factor of two from frequency.
A block is fastened to a spring that oscillates. The function that plots its position (in cm) against time (in s) is as follows:
x= 1.5 cos (20 t) (20 t)
x=A cos w t is the formula for the oscillating particle's general equation.
w= 20 rad/sec is obtained by comparing equations (1) and (2).
Therefore, the oscillation's angular frequency is 20 rad/s.
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A block weighing 7.6 N requires a force of
3.1 N to push it along at constant velocity.
What is the coefficient of friction for the
surface?
The coefficeint of friction given that the object weighing 7.6 N requires a force of 3.1 N to push it along at constant velocity, is 0.41
How do I determine the coefficient of friction?We know already that coefficient of friction is related to frictional force and normal reaction according to the following formula:
Frictional force (N) = coefficient of friction (μ) × normal reaction (N)
F = μN
Using the above formula, we can obtain the coefficient of friction as illustrated below:
Weight of object = 7.6 NForce (F) = 3.1 NNormal reaction (N) = Weight of object = 7.6 NCoefficient of friction (μ) =?Frictional force (N) = coefficient of friction (μ) × normal reaction (N)
F = μN
3.1 = μ × 7.6
Divide both sides by 7.6
μ = 3.1 / 7.6
μ = 0.41
Thus, we can conclude that the coefficient of friction is 0.41
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A bar magnet with its north pole pointing downward is falling toward the center of a horizontal conducting ring. As viewed from above, is the direction of the induced current in the ring counterclockwise
explain why please
The magnet is moving down with the north pole downward, and during the transition, there will be an increase in magnetic flux through the ring, which will produce the induced current through the ring.
When the bar is moved toward loop the flux will increase and the induced current will counter this flux.
The induced current tries to oppose the change in magnetic flux and this is possible just if the current direction is counterclockwise.
Result: The current direction is counterclockwise
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how much work did the movers do (horizontally) pushing a 41.0- kg crate 10.3 m across a rough floor without acceleration, if the effective coefficient of friction was 0.60?
W=2485.65 J ,work did the movers do friction force a 41.0- kg crate 10.3 m across a rough floor without acceleration
What is a basic friction force?Two surfaces that come into contact and slide against one another produce a force known as frictional force. Several aspects that influence the frictional force include: The surface texture as well as the amount of force attracting them together have the most effects on these forces.
What outcomes does friction produce?It generates heat, which is useful for warming our bodies or specific areas of any object. Power is also lost as a result. It makes noise during every operation. We are able to walk, run, dance, etc. due to friction.
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A guitar string vibrates at a frequency of 440 Hz. A point at its center moves in SHM with an amplitude of 3.0 mm and a phase angle of zero. (a) Write an equation for the position of the center of the string as a function of time. (b) What are the maximum values of the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of the center of the string? (c) The derivative of the acceleration with respect to time is a quantity called the jek. Write an equation for the jek of the center of the string as a function of time, and find the maximum value of the magnitude of the jek.
The equation of the position of string from the center is 3.0 sin(2π × 440t), the maximum values of acceleration, velocity and jek are 1.29 × 10⁴ m/s², 8.26 m/s and 1.29 × 10⁴ m/s³.
(a) The following equation describes the position of the string's center as a function of time,
y(t) = A sin(2πft), where A is the amplitude (3.0 mm), f is the frequency (440 Hz), and t is time. Substituting the given values, we get,
y(t) = 3.0 sin(2π × 440t)
(b) The maximum value of the magnitude of the velocity of the center of the string occurs when the displacement is maximum, i.e., at t = 0. Therefore,
vmax = 2πfA
vmax = 2π × 440 × 3.0 × 10⁻³
vmax = 8.26 m/s
For acceleration,
amax = 4π²f²A
amax = 4π² × 440² × 3.0 × 10⁻³
amax = 1.29 × 10⁴ m/s²
(c) The jek of the center of the string as a function of time is given by:
j(t) = Aω²cos(2πft) where ω is the angular frequency, given by ω = 2πf.
The maximum value of the magnitude of the jek occurs when the displacement is zero, i.e., at t = T/4, where T is the period of the string. Substituting the given values, we get,
jmax = Aω²
jmax = 4π²f²A
jmax = 1.29 × 10⁴ m/s³.
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moment of inertia is moment of inertia is the rotational equivalent of mass. the point at which all forces appear to act. the time at which inertia occurs. an alternative term for moment arm.
Moment of inertia is moment of inertia is the rotational equivalent of mass because the rotational equivalent of mass
The torque of a rigid body is governed by a property called the moment of inertia, also referred to as the mass moment of inertia, angular mass, second moment of mass, or, more precisely, rotational inertia. In physics, the term "moment of inertia" refers to the quantitative measurement of a body's inertia with respect to rotation, or the resistance that a body shows when a torque is used to modify the rotational speed of an object around an axis. The axis may or may not be fixed, and it may or may not be internal or external. A property of matter known as inertia is the tendency for it to remain at rest or to move uniformly in a straight line without being affected by outside forces.
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consider the jet engine and mount indicated in fig.3 and model it as a mass on the end of a beam. the mass of the engine is usually fixed. find an expression for the value of the transverse mount stiffness, k, as a function of the relative speed of the bird, v, the bird mass, the mass of the engine and the maximum displacement that the engine is allowed to vibrate.
The expression for the value of the transverse mount stiffness, k, as a function of the relative speed of the bird, v, the bird mass, the mass of the engine and the maximum displacement is k = 1 / m ( m[tex]_{b}[/tex] v / I x I )²
m x ( t ) + k x ( t ) = F δ ( t )
I x I = F / m ω[tex]_{n}[/tex]
m = Mass of engine
k = Stiffness of transverse mount
F = Magnitude of impulse
ω[tex]_{n}[/tex] = Natural frequency
ω[tex]_{n}[/tex] = √ k / m
I x I = F / m ( √ k / m )
I x I = F / √ k m → ( 1 )
For bird,
F = m[tex]_{b}[/tex] v
Substitute this momentum value in ( 1 ),
I x I = m[tex]_{b}[/tex] v / √ k m
√ k = m[tex]_{b}[/tex] v / I x I √ m
k = 1 / m ( m[tex]_{b}[/tex] v / I x I )²
Therefore, the expression for the value of the transverse mount stiffness, k, as a function of the relative speed of the bird, v, the bird mass, the mass of the engine and the maximum displacement that the engine is allowed to vibrate is k = 1 / m ( m[tex]_{b}[/tex] v / I x I )²
The question is incomplete. The complete question is :
Consider the jet engine and mount indicated in fig.3 and model it as a mass on the end of a beam. the mass of the engine is usually fixed. find an expression for the value of the transverse mount stiffness, k, as a function of the relative speed of the bird, v, the bird mass, the mass of the engine and the maximum displacement that the engine is allowed to vibrate. Fig 3. is shown in the image attached below.
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assume the electron beam in a television tube is accelerated through a potential difference of 25 kv and then passes through a deflecting capacitor of interior width 1 cm. are diffraction effects important in this case? justify your answer with a calculation.
The diffraction effects are not important in this case.
How is an electron beam used?By heating a filament, electrons are produced. The electrons are accelerated through a vacuum tube by a voltage gradient, which pulls them away from the filament. The resulting beam can then be scanned by an electromagnet to create an accelerated electron "curtain."
The electrons have an energy of E = 25 keV or 25 000 eV.
Consequently, the electrons' de Broglie wavelength is:
X = hc / E = (4.135 x 10-15 eV. s x 3 x 10³ m / s) / 25000 eV ~ 5 x 10-11 m << 1 cm or 0.01
m = the interior width of the deflecting capacitor.
But, we know diffraction is significant only when de Broglie wavelength >> the slit width,
i.e., the interior width of the deflecting capacitor in this case.
Hence, the diffraction effects are not important in this case.
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if a beetle is travelling at a speed of 2 cm/sec how far will it go in 1 minute
Answer: 120cm
Explanation: It will go 120cm because theres 60 sec in one minute and each second the beetle is travelling 2cm.
a weightlifter lifts a set of weights a vertical distance of 2.00 m. if a constant net force of 350 n is exerted on the weights, what is the net work done on the weights?
The net work done on the weights is 700 joules.
What is net force?
The total of all forces acting on the object is known as the net force. A mass can accelerate due to net force. A body is subject to another force whether it is at rest or in motion. When there are a lot of forces acting on a system, the term "net force" is used. The total of all forces acting on an object is known as the net force. A mass can accelerate due to net force. A body is subject to another force whether it is at rest or in motion. When there are a lot of forces acting on a system, the term "net force" is used. When a force is applied to a body, numerous additional forces, such as gravitational force Fg, frictional force Ff, and the normal force, also work to balance the applied force.
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what size force is needed to keep a car of mass 1000kg moving around a circular track with radius 100m when the car is traveling at a constant speed of 28.6 m/s? give your answer in units of kilonewtons.
The correct answer of force is 8.179 Kilonewtons is needed to keep a car moving around a circular track.
What is Centripetal force of circular track?
The direction of the centripetal force is always perpendicular to the direction in which the item is moving. The centripetal force of an item moving in a circular path is discovered to always act towards the centre of the circle using Newton's second law of motion.
Given data :
Mass = 1000 Kg.
Velocity = 28.6 m/s
Radius of Circular Track = 100 m
Centripetal Force = mv ² / r
F = 1000 x (28.6 )² / 100
F = 1000 x 817.96 / 100
F = 8.179 Kilonewtons
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During glucose catabolism, 686 kcal of energy are made available to do work. A minimum of 686 kcal are required for the anabolism of the same molecule. In practice, more energy is required. Why is this the case?.
More energy is needed because not all energy transduction processes are 100 percent effective. More cellular energy is needed since there are inefficiencies.
Mechanism of production of cellular energyCellular energy is mostly produced by the breakdown of carbohydrates, especially glucose. the total oxidative decomposition of glucose into CO2 and water
G°′= -686 kcal/mol is the amount of free energy produced by the process. Glucose is oxidized within cells in a sequence of stages associated with the creation of ATP to capture this free energy in usable form.
Almost all cells go through the process of glycolysis, which is the first step in the breakdown of glucose. Without oxygen, glycolysis takes place and can supply all of the anaerobic organisms' metabolic energy. Glycolysis, however, is only the first step in the degradation of glucose in aerobic cells.
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an electric motor consumes 9.00 kj of electrical energy in 1.00 min. if one-third of this energy goes into heat and other forms of internal energy of the motor, with the rest going to the motor output, how much torque will this engine develop if you run it at 2500 rpm?
0.382N⋅m torque will this engine develop if you run it at 2500 rpm.
What is torque ?Torque refers to a measure of the force that run an object around an axis. Torque causes an object to undergo angular acceleration in the same way that force accelerates an object in linear kinematics. Torque is a vector quantity. Opening a bottle cap or turning a handle are examples of torque. Consider the formula Torque = Force x Displacement. Distance is measured in meters and force in Newtons, while torque is measured in Newton-meters.In other words, torque is the cross product between the distance vector (the distance from the fulcrum to the point where the force is applied) and the force vector, and 'a' is the angle between r and F.To learn more about torque from the given link :
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13. What is the weight of a 2.5 kg watermelon?
Answer:
w=mg
Explanation:
w=2.5(10)
= 25N
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Help quickly plsssssssssssss
In the above diagram, the net force is 10 Newtons to the right, with an acceleration of 5 m/s².
What is the net force?The net force acting on an object is the sum or resultant force on the object. The net force acting on the given object is obtained by summing all the forces acting on the object in the same direction.
The upward force on the object = 7 N. The downward force on the object = 17 N. The net force on the object:
= 17 N - 7 N
= 10 N.
The acceleration of the object is calculated by applying Newton's second law of motion as follows;
F(net) = ma
where;
m is the mass of the object = 2 kg
a is the acceleration of the object = ?
F(net) is the net force on the object
a = F(net) / ma
= (10 N) / (2 kg)a
= 5 m/s²
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A laser pulse with a wavelength of 545 nm contains 4. 40 mj of energy. How many photons are in the laser pulse?.
The correct answer is 1.20 * 10¹⁶ photons are in the laser pulse.
What is the relation of Number of photons with energy?
A single photon has the energy: hv or = (h/2), where h is the Planck constant. 6.62x1034 Joules per second. About 10–19 Joules (not much!) are contained in each photon of visible light, which makes up the photons per second in a beam.
Given as per questions:
Wavelength (λ) of the laser pulse = 545 nm = 5.45 * 10⁻⁹ m
Total energy of pulse = 4.40 mJ
To determine:
The number of photons in the laser of a given energy
Explanation:
Energy per photon (E) = hc/λ
where h = planck's constant = 6.626 *10⁻³⁴ Js
C = speed of light = 3*10⁸ m/s
λ = wavelength
E = 6.626 10⁻³⁴ Js 3*10⁸ms-1 /5.45 * 10⁻⁹ m = 3.65 * 10⁻¹⁹ J
Now,
No of photons = total energy/Energy per photon
= 4.40 * 10⁻³ J* 1 photon / 3.65 * 10⁻¹⁹ J = 1.20 * 10¹⁶ photons
Thus the laser pulse contains 1.20 * 10¹⁶ photons.
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help with this pls i will pay more
Answer:
D & F
Explanation:
Both are correct, and none of the others are, as far as my knowledge takes me.
A car ha a ma of 820 kg. It tart from ret and travel 41 m in 3. 0. What i the net force applied to the car?
The correct for net force applied to the car is 7462 N.
What is the relation between Force, mass and acceleration?
It states that the rate of change of velocity of an object is directly proportional to the force applied and takes place in the direction of the force. It is summarized by the equation: Force (N) = mass (kg) × acceleration (m/s²). Thus, an object of constant mass accelerates in proportion to the force applied.
Explanation:
F=ma
s=ut+ ½ at²
=> a=2(s−ut)t²
= > a = { 2 ( 41 – 0 x 3 ) } / 3²
= 2 (41) / 9
= 9.1 m / s²
F = ma = 820 x 9.1 = 7462 N
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Rutherford's gold foil experiment using alpha particle scattering concluded that.
Rutherford's gold foil experiment using the alpha particle scattering method concluded that the atom consists of a small massive, positively charged nucleus with the negatively charged electrons being at a great distance from the center.
The experiment showed the existence of a nuclear atom a small, positively-charged nucleus surrounded by empty space and then a layer of electrons to form the outside of the atom.
In his experiment, most of the alpha particles did pass straight through the foil he concluded that the atom is mostly empty space.
He also discovered that a small number of alpha particles were deflected by large angles as they passed through the foil he concluded that there is a large concentration of positive charge in an atom.
He also discovered that a small number of alpha particles came straight back off the foil this made him conclude that positive charge and mass are concentrated in a tiny volume in the atom
To learn more about Rutherford's gold experiment see:https://brainly.com/question/11254035?referrer=searchResults
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