Here we can see that 7 phenotypes appeared in F2 generation, so the number of genes involved is 3 and alleles is 6. Contribution per allele = 4 cm Base contribution = 6 cm
Genotype of Harvey = aa bb cc Genotype of Erma = AA BB CC
Number of dominant alleles if length is
18 cm = 18-6 / 4 = 12 / 4 = 3.
F1 generation genotype = Aa Bb Cc This clarifies why the length is 18 cm, as there are three dominant alleles.
seven 1. It is likely that there are gene pairs in this cross. There are
categories of phenotypes. The genotypes of the parents would be combinations of alleles that would produce a 6 cm ( aabbcc ) tail and a 30 cm) tail, whereas the 18 cm offspring would have a genotype of AaBbcc.
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Protein ________ is determined by the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), which is based on the protein's digestibility and its amino acid profile.
Protein quality is determined by the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), which is based on the protein's digestibility and its amino acid profile.
Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) measures a protein's quality by taking into account both its amino acid composition and how well it can be assimilated by humans.By comparing the individual food protein's amino acid profile to a reference amino acid profile using the PDCAAS method, the protein quality rankings are calculated, with 1.0 being the highest possible score. This rating indicates that the protein provides 100 percent or more of the essential amino acids per unit of protein after digestion.The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and biological value (BV) techniques for determining protein quality are distinct from the PDCAAS value.To learn more about the Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) refer to:
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What is the purpose of a reference point?
Answer:
to show where it begin and where it ended
Explanation:
Answer:
A reference point is a starting point used to describe the position of an object.Explanation:
A reference point is a place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion. An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point. Objects that are fixed relative to Earth – such as a building, a tree, or a sign - make good reference points.#Let's Study
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Why would different restriction enzymes cut the same DNA molecule into different numbers of fragments
Because different restriction sites are used by different restriction enzymes to cleave DNA.
What is restriction sites?A restriction site is a segment of DNA with a base pair count between 6 and 8 that binds to a certain restriction enzyme. There are numerous restriction enzymes that have been identified from bacteria. By cleaving the viral DNA, they naturally render invasive viruses inactive.Restriction enzymes are beneficial in a variety of contexts. Each organism has a unique DNA sequence, so each one will have a unique arrangement of restriction sites.Learn more about DNA here:
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Many of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm work to _______ the wrist, and they have their origin on the _______ epicondyle of the humerus.
Answer:
1. flex, 2. forearm
Explanation:
muscle contractions
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain. For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain. 0 4 2 6 10
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, 10 NADH enter the electron transport chain.
NADH and FADH, which function as electron transporters as they move through the inner membrane region, are involved in the processes of the electron transport chain. Electrons are transferred from NADH to the electron transport chain at complex I, where they transit through the other complexes. In this mechanism, NADH is oxidized to NAD.The four protein complexes of the electron transport chain use this energy to oxidize NADH and FADH2 (ETC). Each of the three previous stages of respiration—glycolysis, the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and the citric acid cycle—contributes two of the ten NADH molecules that enter the electron transport. The citric acid cycle contributes six of the molecules. The citric acid cycle is where the two FADH2 come from.learn more about Electron transport chain here: https://brainly.com/question/18686654
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Name two factors other than temperature which affect the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction
Answer:
enzyme activity be affected by a variety of factors such as temperature,pH, concentration
Peter and rosemary grant began studying the galapagos finches in 1973. For about 40 years, they studied the finches on daphne major. Why was this an ideal place to study the evolution of the finches?.
Peter and rosemary discovered a natural ecosystem with an extreme climate, oscillating between cycles of intense drought and abundant rainfall, as well as an uncontaminated area that had never been explored by humans. This was an excellent location to study the evolution of Galapagos finches.
For their outstanding long-term studies showing evolution in action in Galápagos finches, Peter and Rosemary Grant are renowned.They have shown that natural selection is responsible for the incredibly quick changes in body and beak size in response to variations in the availability of food.Due to the lack of predators or rivals for the finches, Daphne Major makes an excellent location for research. (The cactus finch is the only other finch on the island.) The weather, and consequently the availability of food, has a significant impact on the medium ground finch's capacity to survive.learn more about Galápagos finches here: https://brainly.com/question/960688
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The administration of antibodies isolated from one individual or species to another to protect the recipient from a toxin or disease is referred to as __________ immunity.
The administration of antibodies isolated from one individual or species to another to protect the recipient from a toxin or disease is referred to as passive immunity.
Immunity to a disease is achieved due to the presence of antibodies to the disease in the human system. Antibodies are proteins produced by the body to neutralize or destroy organisms that carry toxins and diseases. Antibodies are disease-specific.
passive is the type of immunity that occurs when a person is given an antibody rather than making it by their immune system. For example, passive immunity occurs when the baby receives the mother's antibodies through the placenta or breast milk.
There are two types of immunity: active immunity and passive immunity. Active immunity occurs when our own immune system is responsible for protecting us from pathogens. Passive immunity occurs when we are protected from pathogens by the immunity of others.
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In a trophic cascade, the removal of a top predator would decrease the
predator and prey's food source
predator and its food source
predator and its predator's food source
prey and its food source
The presence of a top predator also helps to maintain balance in an ecosystem by influencing the behaviour and movements of its prey through the fear of being caught.
What is Trophic Cascade ?trophic cascade, an ecological phenomenon triggered by the addition or removal of top predators and involving reciprocal changes in the relative populations of predator and prey through a food chain
When a top predator is removed from an ecosystem, a series knock-on effects are felt throughout all the levels in a food web, as each level is regulated by the one above it.The results of these trophic cascades can lead to an ecosystem being completely transformed.Learn more about Trophic Cascade here:
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Vascular plants exhibit alternation of generation. What is alternation of generation?
© A.
The plant exhibits reduced sporophyte and dominant gametophyte alternately.
B.
Plant cells undergo mitosis and meiosis alternately.
C.
The plant exists as a diploid organism, a and at other times as haploid.
Answer:
C. The plant exists as a diploid organism, a and at other times as haploid.
Explanation:
Plant generations alternate. They go back and forth between sporophyte and gametophyte.
A gametophyte is a generation. Haploid gametophytes exist. They therefore possess a single pair of chromosomes. Spora are the source of gametophytes. Gametophytes develop into large, tall organisms before producing gametes. Thus, the name. A plant embryo is created when these gametes—which are the sperm and eggs of a plant—combine. This embryo occasionally has a covering of seed surrounding it for protection. In certain cases, the seed is even surrounded by fruit.
the sporophyte develops from the embryo. Sporophytes, like you and I, are diploid. They therefore have two sets of chromosomes that are identical ("di"=2). Sporophytes develop into large, tall organisms before producing spores. Thus, the name. Since meiosis is how these spores are produced, they only contain one set of chromosomes. The spores disperse into the environment and develop into gametophytes.
So, to summarize, gametophyte > gametes > embryo > sporophyte > sporophyte > sopre > gametophyte > gametes > and so on. Until a chance genetic mutation results in a significant alteration.
___________________________________________________
A generation that alternates between haploid and diploid (or tetraploid/diploid, hexaploidy/triploid, etc.) is said to be alternating.
On the surface, this alternating of generations between most land plants resembles animal gametes, but in plants, the cells formed during meiosis are not the gametes themselves; instead, the gametes are later created by those cells during mitosis. Consequently, in place of:
2n -> Meiosis -> n (gamete) -> fusion -> 2n
we have
2n -> meiosis -> n (gametophyte e.g. pollen) -> mitosis -> n (gamete e.g. sperm) -> fusion -> 2n
The haploid generation is morphologically identical to the diploid generation in many lower plants. The dominant theory holds that plants' capacity to go through mitosis after meiosis but before fusion spontaneously developed. The less popular theory contends that plants have alternated generations throughout time and that as land plants got more specialized over time, natural selection drove the gametophyte to drastically decrease over time. These are referred to as the homologous and antithetic hypotheses, respectively.
The primary evolutionary benefit of diploid organisms is their ability to conceal harmful genes using two gene copies. The high level of specialization offered for each generation, one for growth and one for reproduction, is another benefit.
Which type of bond forms disaccharides?
A. 1-4 Hydroxyl bond
B. 1-5 Galactosidic bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. 1-4 Glycosidic bond
Answer: D
Explanation:
Disaccharides type of bond forms 1-4 Glycosidic bond
Prolactin has a permissive effect on oxytocin in breast tissue. If prolactin levels were high, but oxytocin receptors had been blocked by a drug, what would be the result
Answer:
If prolactin levels are high, but oxytocin receptors are blocked by a drug, the result would be that milk production would not be stimulated.
Explanation:
Select the correct answer.
If the contents of a cell have a solute concentration of 0.04 percent, which of these solutions would cause it to swell?
A.
10–percent solute concentration
B.
1–percent solute concentration
C.
0.1–percent solute concentration
D.
0.01–percent solute concentration
In osmosis phenomenon, water moves from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic one. Option D is correct. 0.01–percent solute concentration.
What is osmosis?Osmosis is the phenomenon that occurs when two dilutions of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane. The membrane allows the pass of water but not solute. Hence, water can move from the most diluted side to the less diluted one.
Water tends to go from the hypotonic solution to the cell interior and keeps doing so until concentrations are equal in the cell interior and exterior.
As water enters the cell, the cell begins to enlarge and becomes bigger-sized. And because cells can not limit the amount of water moving into it, the cell keeps swelling until the membrane can not stretch anymore, and lysis occurs. It bursts.
Under natural conditions, the body regulates the extracellular fluids to avoid cells swelling until they burst.
In the exposed example, the cell have a solute concentration of 0.04 percent. For water to move into the cell, we need to find a solution with a lower solute concentration.
Among the options, the solution with 0.01 percent of solute concentration is the one that would cause water to move into the cell.
The cell content is hypertonic to the solution, and the solution is hypotonic to the cell interior.
Option D is correct. 0.01–percent solute concentration
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A blood collection tube containing a specific amount of additive is only half filled with blood instead of being completely filled. Will this collection affect laboratory test results
NO, it will not affect laboratory test results, The majority of blood collection tubes contain an additive that either speeds up blood clotting (clot activator) or inhibits blood clotting (anticoagulant).
Components from blood collection tubes, such as stoppers, lubricants, surfactants, and separator gels, can leach into specimens and/or adsorb analytes from a specimen; special tube additives may also alter analyte stability.
What is anticoagulant?Anticoagulants, also referred to as blood thinners, are chemicals that stop or slow down blood coagulation, lengthening the clotting time.
Why are additive tubes used in pathology labs?Additive tubes are frequently used in pathology labs for a range of experiments, including tests for antibodies, drugs, and serology. Blood's clotting factors (thrombin, etc.) are measured using the light blue tube, which is frequently used in hematological studies.
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NO, it won't have an impact on the outcomes of laboratory tests. The majority of blood collection tubes contain an additive that either promotes (clot activator) or inhibits blood clotting (anticoagulant).
Stoppers, lubricants, surfactants, and separator gels—components of blood collection tubes—may leach into specimens and/or adsorb analytes from a specimen; specialized tube additives can also change the stability of analytes.
What are anticoagulants?
Chemicals that block or slow down blood coagulation, extending the clotting time, are known as anticoagulants, commonly referred to as blood thinners.
Additive tubes are commonly used in pathology labs for a variety of investigations, including as tests for antibodies, medications, and serology. The light blue tube is used commonly in hematological examinations for the measurement of blood's clotting components (thrombin, etc.).
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Why do you think it is important that chromatin thicken and shorten into chromosomes during prophase?
Answer:
During prophase, the strands of chromatin, which are highly extended during interphase, shorten, thicken and resolve themselves into recognizable chromosomes
Explanation:
Most ATP generated during the cellular respiration of glucose is made by oxidative phosphorylation. true or false
it is True that Most ATP generated during the cellular respiration of glucose is made by oxidative phosphorylation.
From one glucose molecule that has been transformed into pyruvate, the Krebs's cycle generates 24-28 ATP molecules.Pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions and proceeds through oxidative phosphorylation, which results in the net synthesis of 32 ATP molecules.The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains a number of chemical compounds and proteins that make up the electron transport chain. In a sequence of redox reactions, electrons are transferred from one component of the transport chain to another. In these processes, energy is released as a proton gradient, which is then utilized to produce ATP through a process known as chemiosmosis. Oxidative phosphorylation is a process that involves both chemiosmosis and the electron transport chain.learn more about cellular respiration here: https://brainly.com/question/2809259
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In a living organism, the decay of C-14 produces 15.3 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years. A 3.4 g sample of bone has 14.3 disintegrations per minute. How old is the bone sample in years
The bone sample is 27,140 years old.
First, calculate the ratio of disintegrations per minute per gram of the mammoth with that of living organisms.
Ratio = 0.50dis/mingC / 15.3dis/mingC
Ratio = 0.0327
The ratio is equal to
Ratio = 2^-(t / t_0.5)
log(Ratio) = -(t / t_0.5) * log2
t = -t_0.5 * log(Ratio) / log2
= -5730yr * log0.0327 / log2
= -5730yr * (-1.4257) / 0.30103
t = 27,140years
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What is the basis of modern classification? class 11 biology
The science of classifying living things is called taxonomy. Linnaeus introduced the classification system that forms the basis of modern classification. Taxa in the Linnaean system include the kingdom phylum class order family genus and species. Linnaeus also developed binomial nomenclature for naming species
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Where do deep ocean
currents begin?
A. In the top 10% of water starting
at the surface.
B. In the 100 meters just above
the ocean floor.
C. Below 400 meters from the
surface.
D. Below 1000 meters from the
surface.
Deep ocean currents begin in the 100 meters just above the ocean floor and is denoted as option B.
What is Ocean current?
This is depicted by the sea water being continuously moved from one place to another through wind etc.
Deep ocean current exist thousands of meters below the surface in areas close to the ocean floor which therefore makes it the most appropriate choice.
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Stage _____ of NREM sleep represents the beginning of actual sleep.
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
Answer: B. Two
Explanation:
During the first stage, your body starts relaxing and falling into sleep. This is the lightest stage of sleep. You can wake easily during this stage, and are not "fully" asleep.
During the second stage, your body deepens into it's sleep, your heart rate decreases, your body temperature decreases, and more. This is the stage that "represents the beginning of actual sleep" which is the answer to your question.
During the third stage, your body is in a deeper state of sleep. Your muscles relax further, your breathing rate slows, and more.
During the fourth stage, your heart rate and body temperature rise again. Your brain is a bit more active, and your muscles start to "wake up" slowly again.
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Essay help please? Animal systems class
Identify a major advancement in animal agriculture to research and write an essay on what you find. Explain how the advancement affected the animal-agriculture industry, and the types of professionals that were involved in its invention or application.
Then, propose your own invention to boost farm-animal production, and describe the effect it would likely have.
Submit both of your essays.
Through the agricultural GPS it is possible to monitor all employees, checking if they are performing their tasks correctly. It also allows tracking vehicles and equipment, making it virtually impossible to steal or steal in the business and reduce the time of searching for machines in the plantation.
Invention to increase animal production?GPS in each animal, so you could know if an animal walked a lot or ate a little, affecting the quality of the meat and the size of the animal, being able to match all the animals.
With this information, we can conclude that the use of new technologies in agriculture and livestock helps to improve production yields.
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Would you rather work as a veterinarian with birds or reptiles? Why? And which reptile or bird is your favorite? **no wrong or right answer**
**Except if you put birds because they are delicious XD**
I would rather work as a veterinarian with birds due to the large number of species it contains.
Who is a Veterinarian?This is referred to a healthcare professional who specializes in the care and treatment of non-human animals .
Birds have 18 thousand species which is more than that of reptiles. This brings a lot of exposure and knowledge to the individual. This is the reason why working on birds is preferable.
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You carry out a self-cross of the offspring produced from a cross between homozygous pea plants with yellow and green seeds. You observe a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the next generation. What is the underlying genotypic ratio
If the phenotypic ration is 3:1 then the underlying genotypic ratio will be 1:2:1.
The genotype of an individual is their own DNA pattern. More specifically, the two alleles a person acquired for a particular gene are referred to by this phrase. The observable character of this genotype is called a phenotype.The genotype of an organism is the particular arrangement of alleles for a particular gene. As an illustration, the genotypes for the flower-color gene in the pea plants were red-red, red-white, and white-white. The physical representation of an organism's allelic combination is called a phenotype.for example let us take the example of the height of pea plant. the T represent tall plant (dominant) while t represents short/dwarf plant (recessive). In this monohybrid cross the phenotypic ratio observed is 3:1 i.e., three tall plants and one dwarf plant.However the genotypes of the four offspring will be TT, Tt, Tt, tt.Hence the genotypic ratio comes out to be 1:2:1.The same is shown in the Punnett square below
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The parasympathetic nervous system A. dominates in quit, relaxed situations B. has neurons that display nicotinic receptors C. all of these D. has long preganglionic fibers that end on terminal ganglia, which lie in or near the effector organ E. releases a postganglionic neurotransmitter that binds with muscarinic receptors
c. All of these. The parasympathetic nervous system satisfies all the options.
Parasympathetic nervous system:The parasympathetic nervous system is a branch of the nervous system that largely regulates visceral organs like glands. One of the two antagonistic sets of nerves that make up the autonomic nervous system is the parasympathetic nervous system; the other set consists of the sympathetic nervous system. Contrary to the sympathetic system, which triggers the so-called fight-or-flight response, the parasympathetic system does not play a major role in the maintenance of life. The cranial nerves, particularly the vagus nerve, and the lumbar spinal nerves make up the nerve fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system. These nerves cause the pulse to slow down and the digestive secretions to increase when activated.
The parasympathetic nervous system dominates in quiet, relaxed situations and has long preganglionic fibers that end on terminal ganglia, which lie in or near the effector organ . It also releases a postganglionic neurotransmitter that binds with muscarinic receptors.
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Women and men typically have the same normal microbiota in their reproductive systems. Group of answer choices True False
Answer:False
Explanation:
The ______ in the cell sap are responsible for the red and blue colors of many fruits and vegetables.
Anthocyanins
The anthocyanins in the cell sap are responsible for the red and blue colors of many fruits and vegetables.
What are anthocyanins?Anthocyanins are a family of intensely colored red, purple, and blue pigments that are present in plants. They belong to the larger class of plant-based compounds known as flavonoids. All plant parts, including fruits, seeds, shoots, flowers, and leaves, are rich in flavonoids. By luring pollinators, they promote plant reproduction and shield plants from environmental stresses including UV (ultraviolet) light, drought, and cold.
Six major forms of anthocyanins are identified among the approximately 6,000 flavonoids:
CyanidinDelphinidinMalvidinPelargonidinPeonidinPetunidinAnthocyanins are typically abundant in foods like red, purple, blue, and black fruits, vegetables, and grains. The largest concentrations are found in berries, especially black elderberries and aronia berries (chokeberries). Strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries are other excellent sources.
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When there is a lack of recycled bile salts, the ____________ uses ____________ from the bloodstream to make new ____________ .
When there is a lack of recycled bile salts, the liver uses cholesterol from the bloodstream to make new bile salts.
The liver assumes a key part in controlling cholesterol levels in the body, by making cholesterol to be conveyed to cells that need it around the body, and furthermore by eliminating cholesterol by changing it over completely to bile salts so the body can dispose of it in bile.
Bile salts are made of bile acids that are formed with glycine or taurine. They are delivered in the liver, straightforwardly from cholesterol. Bile salts are significant in solubilizing dietary fats in the watery environment of the small intestine system.
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The term ____________________ describes one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which cause diseases in humans.
An agent that causes disease is referred to as a pathogen, particularly a bacterium, fungus, or other microbe. The phrase “microorganism” broadly refers to all one-celled microscopic organisms, both harmful and beneficial.
What are the one-celled microscopic organisms?Single-celled, microscopic organisms called protozoa exist. In humans, protozoa can proliferate and spread from one person to another.
They have the potential to spread infectious parasite diseases such toxoplasmosis, giardia, and malaria.
There are several ways that parasitic infections can spread. For instance, contaminated food, water, waste, soil, and blood can spread helminths and protozoa.
Therefore, The term protozoa describe one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which cause diseases in humans.
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Select the correct location on the image.
Which area is cold all year and experiences low precipitation?
Answer:
the polar tundra
Explanation:
it is always cold at the poles
Hello!
The area which is cold all year and experiences low precipitation would be the uppermost box. Here, in this region, as it is a polar region, throughout the year, sunlight received here will be minimal and precipitation will be less in a dry area.
Approximately how many standard drinks can the human body metabolize in one hour?.
Answer:
One drink
Explanation:
Alcohol's Path Through the Body
The liver metabolizes alcohol at a very constant rate, approximately one drink per hour.
Answer:
1 standard drink an
Explanation: