Nitrogen is a non -polar because its molecule have Van der Waals force of attraction while water is a liquid because its molecule have hydrogen bonding .
What is interaction between molecules ?Molecular Interactions are between molecules that are not linked by bonds. Molecular interactions include cohesive attraction between like, adhesive attraction between unlike and repulsive forces between molecules. whether polar or non- polar are attracted to one another by dispersion forces
There are four types of interactions:
ionic covalent hydrogen bondsvan der Waals interactionsTherefore molecular interaction are between molecules that are not linked by bonds either nitrogen or water.
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The two chemicals that were in the 1st unknown solution where...
Sodium Chloride
Potassium Chloride
Barium Chloride
Strontium Chloride
Copper Chloride
Lithium Chloride
Calcium Chloride
The first undiscovered remedy is barium chloride.
Option b is correct.
When tested in a metals lab using a flame, what color did the potassium solution burn?Explanation and Response: The flame of potassium, often known as a lilac flame, is violet or light purple in color. Remember that different elements can create similar colors, thus flame tests are not always reliable.
What should I avoid with respect to cucl2 and LiCl?Avoid contact with mucous membranes, eyes, and skin as copper(II) chloride is mildly poisonous. Body tissue irritant lithium chloride is used. In order to prevent trashcan fires, rinse the wooden splints before throwing them in the trash. Put on chemical-resistant gloves, an apron, splash goggles, and other protective gear.
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The OH⁻ concentration in an aqueous solution at 25 °C is 9.7 × 10⁻³. What is [H⁺]?
The pH of the given solution is 11.98. Thus the concentration of H+ ions is 1.0 × 10⁻¹² M.
What is pH ?pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of its H+ ions concentration. Similarly pOH is the negative logarithm of its OH- ion concentration. The sum of pH and pOH of an aqueous solution is always 14.
Given that [OH-] = 9.7 × 10⁻³ M
pOH = - log (9.7 × 10⁻³ M) = 2.01.
pH = 14 - POH = 14 -2.01 = 11.98.
From the pH value, the H+ concentration can be calculated as follows:
pH = -log [H+]
[H+] = antilog (-pH)
= 1.04 × 10⁻¹² M
Therefore, the H+ ion concentration of the solution is 1.04 × 10⁻¹² M.
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How much energy is required to heat 100g of ice at -25°C to water at 75°C?
The heat energy required to change 100g of ice at -25°C to water at 75°C is 45.36KJ
What is specific latent heat of fusion?Specific latent heat if fusion of a substance is the quantity of heat required to covert unit mass of the substance at melting point to its liquid form without change in temperature. The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 336000J/kg. The heat required is given as H= ml
Specific heat capacity of a substance is the heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass substance by 1°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200J/kg/°C
Therefore the ice will change to water and it's temperature will now increase. This means that the heat required to change ice if -25°C to water of 75°c is H = ml + mc∆T
H = (0.1×33600)+0.1×4200×75-(-25)
H= 3360+42000
H= 45360J = 45.36KJ
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air oxidations of aldehydes is used commercially to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids in very good yields for most compounds
When carboxylic acids deprotonate, a sulfonic anion only with general formula R-COO- is produced. This anion may be used to create a number of beneficial salts, including soaps.
What purposes serve carboxylic acids?In the creation of polymers, bioplastics, coatings, adhesives, and medicinal medicines, carboxylic acids and their equivalents are employed. They can also be utilized as flavorings, food additives, solvents, and antimicrobials.
Is carboxylic acid bad for people?The screening evaluation resulted in the conclusion that none of four chemicals with in carboxylic acid group are hazardous to either the environment or human health at the present exposure levels.
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1. Which of the following is the best example of a qualitative research question?
What factors predict higher leadership skills?
What aspects of the leadership retreat were high quality?
Does the leadership retreat improve leadership skills?
What meaning do individuals make from a leadership retreat?
"The goal of this study is to compare the grades of students who attend office hours and those who do not," is an example of a qualitative research question.
What is qualitative research question ?In order to examine or characterize occurrences rather than offer a clean nomothetic explanation, qualitative research questions are frequently more wide and imprecisely phrased. Although many of them do, they may just include one concept. Example: ''What is it like to grow up in a rural setting with only one parent?''
What is quantitative research question ?Typically, a study's or an industry report's quantitative research questions serve as the introduction. It is crucial that the research questions employed in quantitative business research enable respondents to provide clear responses. Example: ''How many texts do you send per day?''
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What causes the colorful images seen in the art
Answer:
Explanation:
Color is caused by the way light bounces off of objects. Certain objects only reflect certain frequencies of light, which is what makes up color. For example, when the sun shines on earth (which, the sun shines white light, which is made of all colors), lets say it reflects off of an apple tree in a field. The tree's leaves will reflect green light because of the chloraphyll inside its cells. However, if the light reflects off of one of the apples on the tree, red light is seen because of the nutrients inside of the skin of the apple. In art, color is very important, so people have found ways to use paint (which is in all colors) to essentially mimic the effect that light has on the real world.
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TRUE/FALSE. carbon-14 is constantly being produced in the upper atmosphere, and the amount is in equilibrium. as long as an organism is alive, it keeps its carbon isotopes in balance with the atmosphere, but at soon as it dies, it stops taking up new 14c, and so the geologic clock starts.
True. The amount of carbon-14 remains constant in equilibrium and is produced in the upper atmosphere.
Carbon-14 is a long-lived radioactive carbon isotope formed by the collision of neutrons and nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere when cosmic radiation occurs.
Organisms during their lifetime will absorb carbon-14, carbon-14 is a carbon that easily bonds with other atoms to help process reactions in the body. As in plants, carbon-14 acts as carbon dioxide, which is the raw material for photosynthesis. Carbon-14 is also decaying and the amount will be replaced when living things breathe and eat. The process of absorption of carbon-14 in living things will stop when these living things die, and the amount of carbon-14 in their bodies will decrease.
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Your lab has a 10 X TAE stock solution. You are asked to prepare 30.0 mL of a 1X working solution. How many milliliters of the 10 X stock solution do you need to mix with deionized water to make 30.0 mL of a 1X solution.
What volume of water is needed?
amount of TAE stock solution?
A stock solution can best be described as a concentrated solution of known exact concentration that is diluted for future use in the laboratory. You can choose not to prepare a stock solution, but doing so can streamline your operations while saving significant time and resources in the process.
A 10X stock solution contains 10-fold concentrations of all solutes compared to the working solution, which is considered a 1X solution. Therefore, the 10x solution should be diluted 10x to get the final working solution.
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Where,
C₁ = 10 X
C₂ = 1 X
V₁ = Amount of TAE stock solution
V₂ = 30.0 mL
Now, substitute the values:
10 V₁ = 1 × 30.0V₁ = 30/10
V₁ = 3 ml
Hence, for a 30 ml 1 X solution; 3 ml of 10 X TAE solution and 27 ml of deionized water are mixed.
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Draw circle models to show how potassium iodide (KI) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) could
create water and oxygen (O₂). Label your circle models with molecular formulas and draw
box around the atoms that are left over.
To calculate the atoms of an element in a given molecule, we need to multiply stoichiometry by the number that is written on the foot of that element. Therefore, the balanced equation can be written as
H[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex] + 2KI [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] I[tex]_2[/tex] + 2KOH
What is Balanced equation?Balanced equation is the one in which the total number of atoms of a species on reactant side is equal to the total number of atoms on product side. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved. There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, displacement reaction.
The other characteristic of balanced reaction is that physical state should be written with each compound or molecule on reactant and product side. Physical state should be written in brackets. s means solid, l means liquid, g means gas. The balanced equation for the given reaction can be given as
H[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex] + 2KI [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] I[tex]_2[/tex] + 2KOH
Therefore, the balanced equation can be written as
H[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex] + 2KI [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] I[tex]_2[/tex] + 2KOH
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If a star has an absolute magnitude of 10 and a temperature of 20,000 K, under which spectral class would the star be classified?
A
O
B
F
From the Herszsprung -Russel Diagram presented it is to be noted that if a star has an absolute magnitude of 10 and a temperature of 20,000 K, the spectral class under which the star would be classified is; O-Types. (Option B).
What are O-Types Stars?These stars have a blue-white appearance and are characterized by strong emission lines in their spectra, which are caused by the high temperatures in their atmospheres.
The absolute magnitude of a star is not directly related to its spectral class, but it can be used to estimate the distance of a star from Earth. A star with an absolute magnitude of 10 would be relatively faint if it were close to Earth, but it could be much brighter if it were farther away.
Hence, if a star has an absolute magnitude of 10 and a temperature of 20,000 K, it would be classified as an O-type star.
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What to do to make a chemical change to water?
Answer:
Don't make a bomb hahaha, anyway here's your guide
Explanation:
There are several ways to make a chemical change to water, which is a molecule made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O). Some examples of chemical changes that can be made to water include:
Electrolysis: Applying an electric current to water can cause it to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen gases.Acid-base reactions: Adding an acid to water can cause it to release hydrogen ions (H+), while adding a base can cause it to release hydroxide ions (OH-). This can cause the pH of the water to change.Oxidation-reduction reactions: Adding an oxidizing agent to water can cause it to gain oxygen atoms, while adding a reducing agent can cause it to lose oxygen atoms.Addition of a catalyst: Adding a catalyst to water can cause it to react with other substances more quickly.Formation of a complex compound: Water can react with other substances to form complex compounds, such as hydrated salts or hydrates.It's important to note that these chemical changes to water involve the formation of new chemical compounds, which is a hallmark of a chemical change. Physical changes, on the other hand, do not involve the formation of new compounds, but rather a change in the physical properties of a substance, such as its size, shape, or state of matter.
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intiallt the ph of the solution as the strong acid is added to the solution of the weak base
pH of the solution decreases as the strong acid is added to the solution of the weak base
When a strong acid is added to the solution having a weak base, the pH of the solution decreases and as a result a conjugate acid is formed. This process is known as titration.
The addition of strong acid to a weak base is known as weak base-strong acid titration.
After the formation of conjugate acid, it reacts with water molecules and forms hydronium ions. These hydronium ions dissociate into H+ and OH- ions that decrease the pH of the solution.
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Which of the following exhibits sp3 hybridization? Select the correct answer below: A. BH3 B. CH2O C. Ccl4
D. all of the above
The electron pairs in (C.)Ccl4 are arranged in a tetrahedral pattern around the carbon, necessitating sp3 hybridization. The four bonds between carbon and chlorine are formed by four sp3 hybrid orbitals.
Describe SP3 hybridization using an example.One's' orbital and three 'p' orbitals of equal energy are mixed in this process to create a new hybrid orbital known as sp3. Tetrahedral symmetry and a combination of s and p orbitals are preserved at 109.280. Ethane is an example of sp3 hybridization (C2H6).
What was the purpose of hybridization?The hybridization theory was created by chemist Linus Pauling in 1931 to use atomic orbitals to describe the structure of basic molecules like methane (CH4).
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structure of selective and nonselective dicopper (ii) sites in cumfi for methane oxidation to methanol
The only-step valorization of natural gas stays a task. Methane conversion to methanol thru chemical looping over copper-containing zeolites is a promising route, and CuMFI is most of the earliest efficaciously implemented.
But, the structure of the lively web sites in CuMFI, in addition to the effect of copper loading and Si/Al ratio on the copper speciation, are but to be understood. We observed that for CuMFI, the Cu/Al ratio determines the selectivity of methane conversion by way of governing the shape of the lively dicopper sites. At a Cu/Al ratio beneath 0.3, copper-containing MFI substances host dimeric centers with a Cu–Cu separation of two.nine Å and a UV/vis absorption band at 27 two hundred cm–1 able to selective oxidation of methane to methanol in a wide temperature range (450–550 k). A higher Cu/Al ratio results in the formation of mono-μ-oxo dicopper sites with Cu–Cu = three.2 Å, which exhibit a feature band at 21 900 cm–1 and react with methane at lower temperatures (<450 k), yielding overoxidation products. identifying differences in the structure of selective and nonselective copper sites will aid inside the layout of higher-performing substances.
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Please Help!
In the image below, there are eight samples of different ELEMENTS. Each sample
is exactly 1 mol. Why are the masses of each sample different? The mass of 1
mole of each unique sample is different because the
of the
individual
are different.
O volume, atoms
O masses, atoms
O volumes, molecules
O masses, molecules
There is variation in the masses of 1.0-mole samples of different substances.
Does each substance's one mole possess the same mass?To have enough of the particles for chemists to work with in the lab, a lot (6.02 1023) of them are needed. A mole of the any particle will not weigh or have the same mass as a mole of another particle, just as a dozen donuts, flowers, and eggs did not have the same mass or weight.
What causes a difference in molar mass?
Additionally, molar mass provides the mass of the a mole of a specific substance, which is the primary distinction between the two. Molecular weight, on the other hand, refers to a substance's molecule's mass. Although the terms "molar mass" and "molar mass units" are not the same
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No Marks. To determine what portion of the question you have correct, check question score at the top of the assignment. Select the stronger base or acid in each pair (A or B). Note that CH3 and CH 2 groups are electron donating groups, i.e., they place electron density on the atoms to which they are attached. Select the stronger base. Stronger base CINH2 NH3 ---Select--- NCI3 NF3 ---Select--- ClO2- CIO ---Select--- Select the stronger acid в Stronger acid H2Se04 H2SO3 |--Select-- H2Те H2S ---Select-- CH3COOH CF3COOH | ---Select--
These are the stronger base or acid in each pair:
Stronger base
ClNH₂ > NH₃ (A) NCl₃ > NF₃ (A) ClO₂⁻ < ClO⁻ (B)Stronger acid
H₂SO₄ > H₂SO₃ (A)H₂Te > H₂S (A)CH₃COOH < CF₃COOH (B)What affects the strength of the base and acid of a molecule?The strength of the base and acid of a molecule is strongly dependent on its bond and structure. The weaker the H-A bond, the lesser the required energy to break the molecule. Hence, the proton leaves the molecule more easily and the molecule will become a stronger acid. It makes compound with stronger bond tends to have stronger basicity.
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A mixture of 0.469 M H2O , 0.380 M Cl2O , and 0.712 M HClO are enclosed in a vessel at 25°C .
H2O(g)+Cl2O(g)↽−−⇀2HOCl(g)c=0.0900 at 25°C
Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of each gas at 25°C .
The equilibrium concentration of H2O,Cl2O, HOCl are 0.3304, 2414,0.5734 respectively.
According to the given reaction
Kc= [tex]\frac{[H2O]*[Cl2O]}{[HOCl]^{2} }[/tex] so after reaching equilibrium the concentration of H2O,Cl2O, HOCl are 0.469-x M, 0.380-xM, 0.712+2xM respectively. And Kc given is 0.9 thus
0.9=[tex]\frac{(0.712+2x)^{2} }{(0.469-x )(0.380-x)}[/tex]
Now by solving this we come to a second order differential equation
3.1[tex]x^{2}[/tex]+2.0839x-0.346564=0
Which was solved and getting the value 0.1386.
Thus the value of [H2O] , [Cl2O] , [HOCl] at equilibrium is 0.3304, 2414,0.5734 respectively.
What is equilibrium?
When rate of a forward reaction is equal to the rate of a backward reaction.
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Lab: Making Sparklers
Fuel Fe, Al or Mg
Oxidizer KNO₃ KCLO₃
Colorant
Total Mass 1.0g
The mass of the materials used in making sparklers is determined by the mole ratio of the reactants in the chemical reactions that occur.
What are sparklers?Sparklers are a kind of fireworks that do not explode but rather sparkle when they are lit.
The materials used in sparklers include materials such as:
Fuels such as iron, (Fe), aluminum (Al), or magnesium (Mg).
Oxidizers such as potassium nitrate( KNO₃) and potassium chlorate (KCLO₃).
Colorants that imbue color to the sparklers.
The reaction that occurs in sparklers is a chemical reaction. In sparklers, magnesium, aluminum, and iron each react with oxygen gas. The heat released from the reactions of the metal with oxygen causes the decomposition of the oxidizers such as potassium chlorate to potassium chloride and oxygen gas which is then used for further oxidation of the metals.
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Holt Chemistry Textbook Pg. 014: #01-03
1. Convert each of the following masses to the units requested.
a. 0.765 g to kilograms
b. 1.34 g to milligrams
c. 34.2 mg to grams
d. 23 745 kg to milligrams (Hint: Use two conversion factors.)
2. Convert each of the following lengths to the units requested.
a. 17.3 m to centimeters
b. 2.56 m to kilometers
c. 567 dm to meters
d. 5.13 m to millimeters
3. Which of the following lengths is the shortest, and which is the longest:
1583 cm, 0.0128 km, 17 931 mm, and 14 m?
The given unit conversions for the mass and length are as follows:
a. 0.765 g = 0.000765 kg
b. 1.34 g = 1340
c. 34.2 mg = 0.0342 g
d. 23 745 kg = 2.3745 * 10⁹ mg
2. a. 17.3 m = 17300 cm
b. 2.56 m = 0.00256 km
c. 567 dm = 56.7 m
d. 5.13 m = 5130 m
3. The shortest length is 0.0128 km and the longest length is 1583 cm
What is the mass of an object?The mass of an object is the amount of matter present in the substance.
The mass of objects is measured using a chemical balance, the unit of measurement is kilograms.
The various units can be interconverted.
To convert each of the following masses to the units requested, the conversion factor is used;
a. 0.765 g to kilograms
0.765 g = 0.765/ 1000
0.765 g = 0.000765 kg
b. 1.34 g to milligrams
1.34 g = 1.34 * 1000
1.34 g = 1340
c. 34.2 mg to grams
34.2 mg = 34.2 / 1000
34.2 mg = 0.0342 g
d. 23 745 kg to milligrams
23 745 kg = 23 745 * 10⁶
23 745 kg = 2.3745 * 10⁹ mg
2. To convert each of the following lengths to the units requested, the steps are as follows:
a. 17.3 m to centimeters
17.3 * 100 cm
17.3 m = 17300 cm
b. 2.56 m to kilometers
2.56 m = 2.56/ 1000
2.56 m = 0.00256 km
c. 567 dm to meters
567 dm = 567 / 10
567 dm = 56.7 m
d. 5.13 m to millimeters
5.13 m = 5.13 * 1000
5.13 m = 5130 m
3. Converting the following lengths to meters:
1583 cm = 15.83 m
0.0128 km = 12.8 m
17 931 mm = 17.931 m
14 m
The shortest length is 0.0128 km and the longest length is 1583 cm
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Which of the following reactions are used in the synthesis of the pheromone disparlure from acetylene?
A) Catalytic hydrogenation with Lindlar catalyst
B) Epoxidation
C) Acetylide Substitution
D) Syn dihydroxylation
E) Catalytic hydrogenation with 10% Pd/C
According to the given statement Catalytic hydrogenation with Lindlar catalyst, Epoxidation and Acetylide Substitution.
What is a acetylene used for?The fabrication industry uses acetylene for many major applications. It is the only fuel gas that can be used for welding. It is also ideal for brazing, cutting, flame gouging, spot heating, hardening, texturing, cleaning, and thermal spraying many materials.
Why is acetylene so explosive?Acetylene gas poses an additional hazard to other flammable gases as it is also reactive. Under certain conditions, even in the absence of any air or oxygen, it can decompose explosively into its constituent elements, carbon and hydrogen.
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Convert 9.8 x 1023 nanoliters to liters.
Round your answer to the proper number of sig figs.
Do not enter a unit, just the number.
Enter your answer using scientific notation.
x 10^ liters
Blank 1: Put only the coefficient.
Blank 2: Put only the exponent on the power of 10.
82. Predict the ion formed by each element.
(a) F
(b) N
(c) Mg
(d) Na
Explanation:
F2+ Because it is a transition metal
N3- Because it is in group 5
Mg2+ Because it is in group 2
Na+ Because it is in group 1
If the reaction of CO + NO2 <--> CO2 + NO which of following changes would result in formation of more products at equlibrium. a.removing Co from the reaction b. adding NO2 to the reaction c. increasing the pressure d. adding CO2 to the reaction
Adding CO to the reaction would result in formation of more products at equilibrium.
What is chemical equilibrium?Chemical equilibrium, the state in which there is no net change in the amounts of reactants and products in the course of a reversible chemical reaction. A reversible chemical reaction is one in which products that is once formed react to form the original reactants. The types of balances are:
Stable equilibrium.Unstable equilibrium.Neutral equilibrium.As additional reactants are added, the equilibrium shifts in order to produce more product. Adding more reactants shifts the equilibrium towards the products. Therefore the equilibrium shifts to the right.
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The complete question is follows:
For the majority of exercisers, adding excess protein or amino acid supplements to an adequate diet will stimulate muscle buildingA. TrueB. False
False , For the most of exercisers, supplementing an appropriate diet with extra protein or amino blends will not promote muscle growth.
What is an example of an amino acid?The basic amino group (NH2), an acetoxy group (COOH), as well as an organic Aromatic rings (or carbonyl group) that really is specific to each amino acid make up an amino acid, an organic molecule. Alpha-amino [alpha-amino] carboxylic acid is referred to as an amino acid informally.
What amino acid is milk?Due to their comprehensive amino acid profiles, milk and eggs are excellent for those looking to increase lean muscle mass and strength, reduce body fat, or hasten their rate of training recovery. Lysine, histidine, hcl, valine,
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Which two elements are in the same period?
Onitrogen and bismuth
O silver and calcium
fluorine and chlorine
O Potassium and Bromine
Answer:
Explanation:
O Potassium and Bromine are in the same period.
The periodic table is a chart of all the known elements arranged according to their atomic structure. Elements in the same period are in the same row of the periodic table and have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electron shells.
O Nitrogen and Bismuth are not in the same period. Nitrogen is in period 2 and bismuth is in period 6.
O Silver and Calcium are not in the same period. Silver is in period 5 and calcium is in period 4.
O Fluorine and Chlorine are in the same period. They are both in period 2.
Is the reaction as written endo Or exothermic? Right click on the flask and choose "thermal properties' You can now change the temperature between 0 and 99 deg C.Heat or cool the system until you have perturbed the equilibrium. Then apply LeChatlier'$ principal to determine if it is exothermic or endothermic.
Answer:
Image result for he first thing, PH, is really influenced by the way the pollutants are discarded, for example, if a factory decides to throw their pollutants inside a very good and not polluted river, this river will change how it chemically works, and through that, the PH will change, it can turn into a more acid or basic river, depending on the components that were thrown there. I learned from conducting this lab that every act of the human race affects the environment as a whole, and the main thing to pay attention to in this experiment is that, everything is linked to one another in some way.
Even small changes in pH can shift community composition in streams. This is because pH alters the chemical state of many pollutants (e.g., copper, ammonia), changing their solubility, transport and bioavailability. This can increase exposure to and toxicity of metals and nutrients to aquatic plants and animals
Explanation:
consider the following element combinations. classify the bonds formed between each pair as ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent qualitatively based solely on each element's position on the periodic table. do not conduct calculations.
Using the elements' positions on the periodic table is a general tool to predict probable bond type. The exact prediction of bond type can be made using electronegativity values.
Is s and F ionic or covalent?The bond between S and F is polar covalent. The electronegativity of S is 2.58 while the electronegativity of F is 3.98. The electronegativity difference between the two atoms is 1.40. When the electronegativity difference is between 0.5 to 1.6, we can say that, the bond formed between the two atoms as polar covalent.
Which of the following elements would form a non polar covalent bond?Cl and Cl. A non-polar covalent bond , where the two atoms sharing electrons have very similar electronegativities so that the electrons are equally shared.
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the bond enthalpy of the bond in the amide group of proteins can be treated as an average of and bonds. calculate the maximum wavelength of light needed to break the amide bond. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
The maximum wavelength of light needed to break the amide bond is 268 nm
First' permit's calculate the average bond power:
(276 + 615)/2 = 445.5 kJ/mol
with the aid of Avogadro's no 1 mol = 6.02x10²³ molecule, then the electricity important to break the amide bond in 1 molecule is:
E = 445.5/6.02x10²³ = 7.4x10⁻²² kJ = 7.4x10⁻¹⁹ J
So, the wavelength of light (λ) can be calculated by means of:
E= h*c/λ
wherein h is the Planck's constant ent (6.626x10⁻³⁴ J.s), and c is the mild velocity (three.0x10⁸ m/s).
7.4x10⁻¹⁹ = 6.626x10⁻³⁴ * three.0x10⁸/λ
λ = 2.68x10⁻⁷ m
λ = 268 nm
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Which of the following best explains the entropy of an isolated system as it is taken through an irreversible thermodynamic process?
The entropy increases because the system becomes more disorderly.
What is thermodynamic process?
A system goes through several quasi-static states to reach a final state f, which is represented by a pressure , a volume , and a temperature , starting from an initial state that is described by a pressure pi, a volume , and a temperature . Energy can be transported from or into the system during this process, either by the system itself or on it. Increasing gas pressure while keeping temperature constant is an illustration of a thermodynamic process. Examples of thermodynamic processes are discussed in detail in the section that follows since they are crucial to the design of heat engines.Hence, The entropy increases because the system becomes more disorderly.
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The laboratory assistant prepared two solutions of sodium carbonate of different concentrations.
If mix 100 g of the first solution and 150 g of the second solution (mixture 1), then the effect of excess of sulfuric acid on the resulting mixture will lead to the release of 5.82 L of gas.
If mix 150 g of the first solution and 100 g of the second solution (mixture 2), in a reaction with excess sulfuric acid will release 4.70 L of gas.
1. What is the mass fraction of sodium carbonate in mixtures 1 and 2?
2. Determine the mass fraction of sodium sulfate in the solution that will be formed when an equimolar amount of a 20% sulfuric acid solution reacts with a sodium carbonate solution.
3. Give the reaction equation of the interaction between the strontium chloride solution and: a) the original solution of sodium carbonate; b) the solution obtained in the reaction between sodium carbonate and sulfuric acid.
1. The mass fraction of sodium carbonate in solution A and solution B are 0.05 and 0.15 respectively.
2. The mass fraction of sodium sulfate is 0.696
3. The equations of the interaction between the strontium chloride and the given solutions are:
SrCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ ----> 2 NaCl (aq) + SrCO₃SrCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ ---> SrSO₄ + NaClWhat mass of sodium carbonate will release 5.82 L and 4.70 L of carbon dioxide gas when reacted with sulfuric acid?The mass of sodium carbonate that will release 5.82 L and 4.70 L of carbon dioxide gas when reacted with sulfuric acid is determined from the equation of reaction below:
Na₂CO₃ + H₂SO₄ ---> Na₂SO₄ + H₂O + CO₂
1 mole or 106 g of Na₂CO₃ produces 1 mole or 22.4 L of CO₂
5.82 L of CO₂ will be produced by 5.82/22.4 * 106 g = 27.54 g
4.70 L of CO₂ will be produced by 4.70/22.4 * 106 g = 22.24 g
The mass fractions are calculated as follows:
Let the mass fraction of sodium carbonate in solution A and solution B be x and y respectively
x * 100 g + y * 150 = 27.54 g
100x + 150 y = 27.54 g --- (1)
x + 1.5 y = 0.2754
x * 150 + y * 100 = 22.24 g
150x + 100y = 22.24 ---- (2)
1.5x + y = 0.2224
solving for y in Eqn 1;
x = 0.2754 - 1.5y --- (3)
substitute (3) in (2)
1.5(0.2754 - 1.5y) + y = 0.2224
0.4131 - 2.25y + y = 0.2224
-1.25y = -0.1907
y = 0.15
x = 0.2754 - 1.50 * 0.15
x = 0.05
2. The molarity of 20% (W/W) solution of sulphuric acid is 2.55 M.
From the equation of the reaction, 1 mole sulfuric acid solution reacts with 1 mole sodium carbonate solution to form 1 mole sodium sulfate
Molar mass of sodium sulfate = 142 g/mol
Molar mass of H₂O = 18 g/mol
Molar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol
Total mass = 204 g
Mass fraction of sodium sulfate = 142/204
Mass fraction of sodium sulfate = 0.696
3. The equation of the interaction between the strontium chloride solution and the original solution of sodium carbonate is:
SrCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ ----> 2 NaCl (aq) + SrCO₃
The equation of the interaction between the strontium chloride solution and the solution obtained in the reaction between sodium carbonate and sulfuric acid is:
SrCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ ---> SrSO₄ + NaCl
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