The ratio of the average heat transfer coefficient h to the local heat transfer coefficient h_x is h/h_x = Nu_avg * L / (Nu_x * k) = 2/(m+1) * Re_L^(-1) * (Pr_s/Pr)^n * (L/2)^m.
To obtain an expression for the ratio of the average heat transfer coefficient h to the local heat transfer coefficient h_x, we need to use the definition of the Nusselt number:
Nu_x = h_x * L / k
where L is the length of the plate and k is the thermal conductivity of the fluid. We can rearrange this equation to solve for h_x:
h_x = Nu_x * k / L
Using the expression given in the question, we can substitute for Nu_x:
Nu_x = C * Re_x^m * (Pr / Pr_s)^n
where C, m, and n are constants and Re_x and Pr are the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers at position x, respectively, and Pr_s is the Prandtl number at the surface temperature.
We can then calculate the average Nusselt number, Nu_avg, by integrating the expression for Nu_x over the length of the plate and dividing by L:
Nu_avg = (1/L) * ∫[0,L] Nu_x dx
Substituting for Nu_x and simplifying, we get:
Nu_avg = (C/k) * Re_L^(m+1) * (Pr/Pr_s)^n * (L/2)^(1-m)
where Re_L is the Reynolds number at the end of the plate.
Finally, we can obtain the ratio of the average heat transfer coefficient h to the local heat transfer coefficient h_x by dividing the expression for h_x by the expression for Nu_avg:
h/h_x = Nu_avg * L / (Nu_x * k) = 2/(m+1) * Re_L^(-1) * (Pr_s/Pr)^n * (L/2)^m
Therefore, the ratio of the average heat transfer coefficient h to the local heat transfer coefficient h_x is given by the above expression.
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A steel cable initially 7m long is used to strap three logs of timber onto a vehicle. The cable is under a tension of 400N. If the diameter of the cable is 4cm, i) By how much has it to be extended under this tension. ii) How much work has been done in producing this extension. (Young's modulus for steel is 2.0×10^11 N\m^2)
Answer:
i) The extension of the cable can be calculated using the formula:
ΔL/L = F/(A*Y)
where ΔL is the extension in length, L is the original length, F is the tension force, A is the cross-sectional area of the cable, and Y is the Young's modulus of steel.
First, we need to calculate the cross-sectional area of the cable:
A = πr^2 = π(0.02m)^2 = 0.00126 m^2
Now we can calculate the extension:
ΔL/L = 400N/(0.00126m^2 * 2.0×10^11 N/m^2) = 1.5873×10^-6
ΔL = (1.5873×10^-6)(7m) = 1.11×10^-5 m
So the cable has to be extended by 1.11×10^-5 m under this tension.
ii) The work done in producing this extension can be calculated using the formula:
W = (1/2)FΔL
where W is the work done, F is the tension force, and ΔL is the extension in length.
Substituting the given values:
W = (1/2)(400N)(1.11×10^-5 m) = 2.22×10^-3 J
Therefore, the work done in producing this extension is 2.22×10^-3 J.
Explanation:
what is the speed vb of the ball (relative to the ground) while it is in the air? express your answer in terms of mball , mcart , and u .
(B) The speed vb of the ball while it is in air is Vb = m(cart)u/ [(mball)+m(cart)]. Using the conservation of momentum we can derive the answer.
We have two carts with equal masses and a ball of mass that is hurled from one cart to the other in this scenario. Chuck tosses the ball to Jackie, who grabs it. After catching the ball, Jackie and her cart begin to move, and we need to calculate the speed of the ball in the air.
To tackle this difficulty, we may apply the conservation of momentum principle, which asserts that a system's overall momentum is preserved if no external forces occur on it. Because both carts and the ball are at rest, the system's initial momentum is zero. The momentum of the system is retained after Chuck delivers the ball to Jackie, but it is no longer zero. We may use momentum conservation to calculate the speed of the ball.
Let the speed of Jackie and her cart after she catches the ball be and the speed of Chuck and his cart after Chuck tosses the ball be. Where is the system's starting momentum and where is the system's end momentum?
We know that the system's starting momentum is zero, and the end momentum is the sum of the momenta of the carts and the ball. This may be stated as follows:
Initial momentum = Final momentum.
Since balls are at rest, initial momentum(P₁) is zero Now, final momentum (P₂) is;
[tex]P_{2} * m_{cart} * V_{c} + m_{ball} V_{b}[/tex]
Now since P₁ P₂ and P₁ =0.thus,
[tex]- m_{cart} * V_{c} + m_{ball} V_{b} = 0[/tex]
Add [tex]- m_{cart} * V_{c}[/tex] to both sides to obtain;
[tex]m_{ball} * V_{b} = m_{cart} * V_{c}[/tex]
[tex]V_{b} = (m_{cart} * V_{c})/m_{ball}[/tex]
From answer a above,[tex]V_{c} = u - V_{b}[/tex]
So, [tex]V_{b} = [m_{cart}*(u - V_{c}]/m_{ball}[/tex]
Multiply both sides by [tex]m_{ball}[/tex] to get;
[tex]V_{b}* (m_{ball}=m_{cart}*u-m_{cart}*V_{b}[/tex]
Add [tex]m_{(cart)} V_{b}[/tex] to both sides to get,
[tex]V_{b}*m_{ball} + m_{cart}* V_{b} = m_{cart}*u\\V_{b}* [(m_{ball})+m_{cart}] = m_{cart}*u[/tex]
So. [tex]V_{b} = m_{(cart)} *u/ [m_{ball}+m_{cart}][/tex]
Thus, the speed of the ball while it is in the air is [tex]V_{b} = m_{(cart)} *u/ [m_{ball}+m_{cart}][/tex]
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Complete question:
Chuck and Jackie stand on separate carts, both of which can slide without friction. The combined mass of Chuck and his cart, mcart, is identical to the combined mass of Jackie and her cart. Initially, Chuck and Jackie and their carts are at rest.
Chuck then picks up a ball of mass mball and throws it to Jackie, who catches it. Assume that the ball travels in a straight line parallel to the ground (ignore the effect of gravity). After Chuck throws the ball, his speed relative to the ground is vc. The speed of the thrown ball relative to the ground is vb.
Jackie catches the ball when it reaches her, and she and her cart begin to move. Jackie's speed relative to the ground after she catches the ball is vj.
When answering the questions in this problem, keep the following in mind:
The original mass mcart of Chuck and his cart does not include the mass of the ball.
The speed of an object is the magnitude of its velocity. An object's speed will always be a nonnegative quantity.
A) Find the relative speed u between Chuck and the ball after Chuck has thrown the ball. Express the speed in terms of vc and vb.
B) What is the speed vb of the ball (relative to the ground) while it is in the air? Express your answer in terms of mball, mcart, and u.
C) What is Chuck's speed vc (relative to the ground) after he throws the ball?Express your answer in terms of mball, mcart, and u
D) Find Jackie's speed vj (relative to the ground) after she catches the ball, in terms of vb. Express vj in terms of mball, mcart, and vb.
E) Find Jackie's speed vj (relative to the ground) after she catches the ball, in terms of u. Express vj in terms of mball, mcart, and u.
A friend of yours is standing while facing forward in a moving train. Your friend suddenly falls forward as the train comes to a rapid stop. Which force pushes your friend forward during the stop? The forward friction force between your friend and the train's floor. The downard force of gravity. The upward normal force due to your friend's contact with the floor of the train. No forward force is acting on your friend as the train stops. The forward force of inertia acting on your friend.
The forward force of inertia is what pushes your friend forward during the rapid stop of the train.
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, which means that your friend's body wants to continue moving forward with the same speed and direction as the train. When the train suddenly stops, the forward force of inertia causes your friend's body to keep moving forward until another force, such as the friction between their feet and the train's floor, stops them. Gravity and the normal force are also present, but they do not directly contribute to your friend's forward motion during the stop.
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what wavelength bands were placed into which color guns
wavelength bands were placed into which color guns,
we need to understand that color guns are components of a cathode ray tube (CRT) display, commonly used in older televisions and monitors. CRT displays have three color guns: red, green, and blue (RGB). These color guns produce different wavelengths corresponding to their respective colors.
1. Red color gun: The red color gun corresponds to the wavelength band of approximately 620-750 nm.
2. Green color gun: The green color gun corresponds to the wavelength band of approximately 495-570 nm.
3. Blue color gun: The blue color gun corresponds to the wavelength band of approximately 450-495 nm.
By combining various intensities of these three primary colors, CRT displays can produce a wide range of colors on the screen.
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A small satellite orbits around earth. At its closest approach it is 180 km from the earth's surface and at its furthest point it is 1360 km above the surface. (a) Find the semi-major axis of the ellipse and (b) the eccentricity of the ellipse. (Hint on (b): one of the focal points of the ellipse is the center of the earth...make a nice drawing to clarify your thinking.)
(a) The semi-major axis of the orbit is 770 km.
(b) The eccentricity of the ellipse is 8.67, calculated using the distance between the foci and length of the major axis of the elliptical orbit.
How to find the semi-major axis of the ellipse?(a) The semi-major axis of an ellipse is half the distance between its furthest and closest points. In this case, the closest point is 180 km above the surface of the earth, and the furthest point is 1360 km above the surface of the earth. Therefore, the semi-major axis is:
a = (180 km + 1360 km)/2 = 770 km
How to find the eccentricity of the ellipse?(b) The eccentricity of an ellipse is defined as the distance between its foci divided by the length of its major axis. Since one of the foci is at the center of the earth, we only need to find the distance between the other focus and the center of the earth. This can be calculated using the fact that the sum of the distances from any point on the ellipse to the two foci is constant and equal to the length of the major axis.
Let's call the distance between the center of the earth and the other focus "c". Then the length of the major axis is:
2a = 2×770 km = 1540 km
At the closest point, the distance from the satellite to the center of the earth is 180 km + the radius of the earth, which we can approximate as 6371 km. At the furthest point, the distance from the satellite to the center of the earth is 1360 km + the radius of the earth. Therefore, we can write:
2a = (180 km + 6371 km + c) + (1360 km + 6371 km - c)
Simplifying, we get:
2a = 2×6371 km + 1360 km
Substituting the value of a, we get:
1540 km = 2×6371 km + 1360 km
Solving for c, we get:
c = sqrt((1540 km)² - (2×6371 km)²) = 6,673 km
Therefore, the eccentricity of the ellipse is:
e = c/a = 6,673 km/770 km = 8.67
The eccentricity of the ellipse is 8.67.
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Find the Norton equivalent with respect to the terminals a, b in the circuit in Fig. P4.68. Figure P4.68 8 mA $20 k(2 10 mA $30 k) b
To find the Norton equivalent of the circuit with respect to the terminals a and b, we need to determine the equivalent current source (in amperes) and the equivalent resistance (in ohms) connected in parallel to the terminals a and b.
First, we can simplify the circuit by combining the two parallel branches using the current divider rule. The total current flowing from the 8 mA source is divided between the two parallel branches, with the ratio of the currents determined by the ratio of the resistances. The current flowing through the 20 kΩ resistor is:
I_1 = (30 kΩ)/(20 kΩ + 30 kΩ) * 8 mA = 3.2 mA
Similarly, the current flowing through the 30 kΩ resistor is:
I_2 = (20 kΩ)/(20 kΩ + 30 kΩ) * 8 mA = 4.8 mA
The total current flowing out of the 8 mA source is therefore:
I_total = I_1 + I_2 = 3.2 mA + 4.8 mA = 8 mA
This tells us that the Norton equivalent current source is 8 mA.
Next, we need to find the Norton equivalent resistance. To do this, we can replace the 8 mA current source with a short circuit and calculate the total resistance between the terminals a and b. With the 8 mA source replaced by a short circuit, the equivalent resistance is simply the parallel combination of the 20 kΩ and 30 kΩ resistors:
R_eq = (20 kΩ * 30 kΩ)/(20 kΩ + 30 kΩ) = 12 kΩ
Therefore, the Norton equivalent with respect to the terminals a and b is an 8 mA current source in parallel with a 12 kΩ resistor.
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A 1.60 m tall person lifts a 1.75 kg book off the ground so it is 2.00 m above the ground.What is the potential energy of the book relative to the ground?What is the potential energy of the book relative to the top of the person's head?How is the work done by the person related to the answers in parts A and B?W=Uground−UheadW=UgroundW=Uground+UheadW=Uhead−UgroundW=Uhead
The potential energy is PE_head ≈ 6.86 J (Joules) and the work done by the person is approximately 27.43 Joules.
To find the potential energy of the book relative to the ground, we can use the formula for gravitational potential energy,
PE = m * g * h
where PE is potential energy, m is the mass of the book (1.75 kg), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s^2), and h is the height above the ground (2.00 m).
PE_ground = 1.75 kg * 9.81 m/s^2 * 2.00 m
PE_ground ≈ 34.29 J (Joules)
To find the potential energy of the book relative to the top of the person's head, we need to determine the height above the person's head,
height_above_head = 2.00 m - 1.60 m = 0.40 m
PE_head = 1.75 kg * 9.81 m/s^2 * 0.40 m
PE_head ≈ 6.86 J (Joules)
To relate the work done by the person to the potential energies, we can use the following equation,
W = PE_ground - PE_head
where W is the work done by the person.
W = 34.29 J - 6.86 J
W ≈ 27.43 J
The work done by the person is approximately 27.43 Joules.
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A car drives to the east in the earth's magnetic field, which points to the north. Where on the car is the voltage the highest? (a) top (6) bottom (c) front (d) back (e) left (F) right
The car's voltage is highest at the: bottom of the car. The correct option is (b).
When a conductor (such as a car) moves through a magnetic field (such as the Earth's magnetic field), a voltage is induced in the conductor. The magnitude and direction of this voltage depend on the speed and direction of the motion as well as the strength and direction of the magnetic field.
In this scenario, the car is driving to the east and the Earth's magnetic field is pointing to the north. By using the right-hand rule, we can determine the direction of the induced voltage.
Aligning the thumb of the right hand in the direction of the car's motion (east) and the fingers in the direction of the magnetic field (north), the direction of the induced voltage is perpendicular to both the thumb and fingers, and is pointing downwards (towards the ground).
Therefore, the highest voltage will be on the bottom of the car, where it is closest to the ground and the magnetic field lines. This induced voltage could potentially be used to power electronic devices in the car, such as a GPS or a mobile phone charger.
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A capacitor has parallel plates of area 12 cm2 separated by 6.0mm . The space between the plates is filled with polystyrene (K=2.6, Em=2.0x107V/m).Find the permittivity of polystyrene. Express your answer using two significant figures
A capacitor has parallel plates of area 12 cm2 separated by 6.0mm. The space between the plates is filled with polystyrene the permittivity of polystyrene is 3.0x10^-11 F/m.
The permittivity of polystyrene can be found using the formula:
ε = (C/d) / ε0A
Where C is the capacitance of the capacitor, d is the distance between the plates, A is the area of the plates, and ε0 is the permittivity of free space.
First, we need to find the capacitance of the capacitor:
C = ε0KA/d
Substituting the given values:
C = (8.85x10^-12 F/m)(2.6)(0.0012 m^2) / 0.006 m
C = 3.06x10^-11 F
Now we can substitute this value along with the other given values into the formula for permittivity:
ε = (C/d) / ε0A
ε = (3.06x10^-11 F) / (0.006 m)(8.85x10^-12 F/m) / (0.00012 m^2)
ε = 2.96x10^-11 F/m
Rounding to two significant figures, the permittivity of polystyrene is 3.0x10^-11 F/m.
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a thin uniform-density rod whose mass is 3.4 kg and whose length is 2.3 m rotates around an axis perpendicular to the rod, with angular speed 33 radians/s. its center moves with a speed of 11 m/s.
What is its rotational kinetic energy?
What is its total kinetic energy?
As a result, the rod has a total kinetic energy of 552.4 J and a rotational kinetic energy of 344.7 J.
The formulae for rotational kinetic energy and translational kinetic energy can be used as a starting point:
Rotational kinetic energy: K_rot = (1/2) [tex]I w^2[/tex]
Translational kinetic energy: K_trans = (1/2) [tex]mv^2[/tex]
Here I is the moment of inertia, ω is the angular speed, m is the mass, and v is the velocity of the center of mass.
The moment of inertia of the rod rotating about an axis perpendicular to the rod and passing through its center of mass, we use the formula for the moment of inertia of a thin rod:
I = (1/12) m [tex]L^2[/tex]
I = (1/12) (3.4 kg) [tex](2.3 m)^2[/tex] = 0.621 kg [tex]m^2[/tex]
Using the given values for the angular speed and the velocity of the center of mass, we can calculate the rotational kinetic energy and translational kinetic energy:
K_rot = (1/2) = (1/2) (0.621) (33) = 344.7 J
K_trans = (1/2) [tex]mv^2[/tex] = (1/2) (3.4 kg) (11) = 207.7 J
The total kinetic energy is the sum of the rotational and translational kinetic energies:
K_total = K_rot + K_trans = 344.7 J + 207.7 J = 552.4 J
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An inductor is connected to a 12 khz oscillator that produces an rms voltage of 8.0 v. The peak current is 80 ma. What is the value of the inductance L?
The value of the inductance L is 4.77 mH.
To find the value of the inductance L, first, we need to determine the reactance (X_L) of the inductor using the given rms voltage (8.0 V) and peak current (80 mA). The relationship between voltage, current, and reactance is given by Ohm's law for inductive circuits: V_rms = I_peak × X_L.
1. Convert peak current to rms current: I_rms = I_peak / √2 = 80 mA / √2 ≈ 56.57 mA
2. Calculate reactance: X_L = V_rms / I_rms = 8.0 V / 56.57 mA ≈ 141.42 Ω
3. Find inductance using the formula X_L = 2π × frequency × L:
L = X_L / (2π × frequency) = 141.42 Ω / (2π × 12 kHz) ≈ 4.77 mH
The value of the inductance L in the given scenario is 4.77 millihenries (mH).
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a man standing on frictionless ice throws a 1.00-kg mass at 20.0 m/s at an angle of elevation of 40.0°. what was the magnitude of the man’s momentum immediately after throwing the mass?
20.00 kgm/s was the magnitude of the man’s momentum immediately after throwing the mass.
To find the magnitude of the man's momentum immediately after throwing the 1.00-kg mass at 20.0 m/s at an angle of elevation of 40.0°, follow these steps:
1. Calculate the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components of the mass's velocity.
[tex]V_x[/tex] = V × cos(θ) = 20.0 m/s × cos(40.0°) = 15.32 m/s
[tex]V_y[/tex] = V × sin(θ) = 20.0 m/s × sin(40.0°) = 12.85 m/s
2. Determine the momentum of the mass by multiplying its mass by its horizontal and vertical components of velocity.
[tex]p_x[/tex] = m × [tex]V_x[/tex] = 1.00 kg × 15.32 m/s = 15.32 kg*m/s
[tex]p_y[/tex] = m × [tex]V_y[/tex] = 1.00 kg × 12.85 m/s = 12.85 kg*m/s
3. Since the man is on frictionless ice, his momentum will be equal and opposite to that of the mass. Therefore, his horizontal and vertical components of momentum are:
[tex]p_m_a_nx[/tex] = [tex]-p_x[/tex]= -15.32 kgm/s
[tex]p_m_a_ny[/tex]= [tex]-p_y[/tex]= -12.85 kgm/s
4. Calculate the magnitude of the man's momentum using the Pythagorean theorem.
[tex]p_m_a_n[/tex] = [tex]sqrt(p_m_a_nx^2 + p_m_a_n y^2)[/tex]
= sqrt(-15.32 [tex]kgm/s)^2[/tex]+ (-12.85 [tex]kgm/s)^2[/tex] = 20.00 kgm/s
So, the magnitude of the man's momentum immediately after throwing the mass is 20.00 kgm/s.
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a uniform solid cylinder of mass m = 7.95 kg is rolling without slipping along a horizontal surface. the velocity of its center of mass is 24.3 m/s. calculate its energy.
The kinetic energy of the rolling cylinder can be divided into two components: translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy. Therefore, the energy of the rolling cylinder is 5745.165625 J.
The translational kinetic energy and velocity of the cylinder is given by:
KE_translational = (1/2) * m x [tex]v^2[/tex]
Here m is the mass of the cylinder and v is the velocity of its center of mass.
KE_translational = (1/2) * 7.95 kg * (24.3)
= 4595.9325 J
The rotational kinetic energy of the cylinder is given by:
KE_rotational = (1/2) * I * [tex]w^2[/tex]
Here I is the moment of inertia of the cylinder and w is its angular velocity. For a uniform solid cylinder rolling without slipping, the moment of inertia is given by:
I = (1/2) * m *[tex]r^2[/tex]
Here the radius of the cylinder. The angular velocity w is related to the linear velocity v by:
w = v / r
Substituting these values, we get:
KE_rotational = (1/2) * (1/2) * m * [tex]r^2 * (v / r)^2[/tex]
= [tex](1/4) * m * v^2[/tex]
Substituting the given values, we get:
KE_rotational = (1/4) * 7.95 kg * [tex](24.3 m/s)^2[/tex]
= 1149.233125 J
The total kinetic energy of the cylinder is the sum of its translational and rotational kinetic energies:
KE_total = KE_translational + KE_rotational
= 4595.9325 J + 1149.233125 J
= 5745.165625 J
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A large electromagnet coil is connected to a 130 Hz ac source. The coil has a resistance 410 omega or Ohms, and at this source frequency the coil has an inductive reactance 230 omega or Ohms.
Part A.) What is the inductance of the coil? ( answer is L= ? H)
Part B.) What must the rms voltage of the source be if the coil is to consume an average electrical power of 830 W? (answer is V(rms)= ? V)
The inductance of the coil is approximately 0.444 H. The rms voltage of the source must be approximately 291 V for the coil to consume an average electrical power of 830 W.
Part A:
We can use the equation X_L = 2πfL, where X_L is the inductive reactance, f is the frequency, and L is the inductance of the coil. Substituting the given values, we get:
230 Ω = 2π(130 Hz)L
Solving for L, we get:
L = 230 Ω / (2π × 130 Hz) ≈ 0.444 H
Therefore, the inductance of the coil is approximately 0.444 H.
Part B:
The average electrical power consumed by the coil is given by P = V(rms)I cos(φ), where V(rms) is the rms voltage, I is the rms current, and cos(φ) is the power factor. Since the coil has only inductive reactance, the power factor is zero, and cos(φ) = 0. Therefore, the equation simplifies to:
P = V(rms)I
We know that the resistance of the coil is 410 Ω, and the inductive reactance is 230 Ω. Therefore, the total impedance of the coil is:
Z = √([tex]R^{2}[/tex] + [tex]X_L^{2}[/tex]) = √([tex]410^{2}[/tex] + [tex]230^{2}[/tex]) ≈ 470 Ω
Since the current through the coil is given by I = V(rms) / Z, we can substitute this expression into the equation for power:
P = V(rms)(V(rms) / Z)
Solving for V(rms), we get:
V(rms) = √(PZ) = √(830 W × 470 Ω) ≈ 291 V
Therefore, the rms voltage of the source must be approximately 291 V for the coil to consume an average electrical power of 830 W.
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Two uniform circular disks having the same and the same thickness are made from different materials The disk with the smaller rotational inertia A neither both rotational inertias are the same B the disk with the larger torque C the one made from the more dense material D the one made from the less dense material E the disk with the larger angular velocity
Two uniform circular disks having the same and the same thickness are made from different materials The disk with the smaller rotational inertia is the one made from the less dense material (D).
The rotational inertia of a disk is determined by its mass distribution, which is affected by its thickness and density. Therefore, if two uniform circular disks have the same thickness but are made from different materials, the one with the higher density will have a greater mass and hence a larger rotational inertia. However, it's important to note that the larger rotational inertia does not necessarily mean a larger angular velocity. The angular velocity depends on the torque applied to the disk and its rotational inertia, according to the equation τ = Iα, where τ is the torque, I is the rotational inertia, and α is the angular acceleration.
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the current in an electric hair dryer is 11aa. part a how much charge flows through the hair dryer in 4.0 minmin ?
To find the charge that flows through the electric hair dryer in 4.0 minutes, we need to use the formula:
charge = current x time
Substituting the given values, we get:
charge = 11 A x 4.0 min = 44 C
Therefore, the amount of charge that flows through the hair dryer in 4.0 minutes is 44 Coulombs.
Hi! To calculate the charge that flows through the electric hair dryer in 4.0 minutes, you can use the formula Q = I * t, where Q is the charge, I is the current, and t is the time.
Given that the current (I) in the hair dryer is 11 A, and the time (t) is 4.0 minutes (or 240 seconds, since 1 minute = 60 seconds), you can plug these values into the formula:
Q = 11 A * 240 s
Q = 2640 C
So, 2640 Coulombs of charge flow through the electric hair dryer in 4.0 minutes.
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a 647 μf capacitor is discharged through a resistor, whereby its potential difference decreases from its initial value of 83.5 v to 23.9 v in 4.73 s. find the resistance of the resistor in kilohms.
We can use the formula for the discharge of a capacitor through a resistor to solve for the resistance the resistance of the resistor is 14.2 kilohms.
What is a resistor ?A resistor is an electronic component that is used to resist the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is designed to have a specific resistance value, measured in ohms, that determines how much the resistor will impede the flow of current through the circuit. Resistors can be made from various materials and can come in different shapes and sizes, but they all work by converting.
What are the sizes ?Sizes refer to the dimensions or measurements of an object or entity in terms of length, width, height, volume, or other physical properties. Sizes can be expressed in various units of measurement, such as meters, centimeters, feet, inches, gallons, or liters, depending on the context and the system of measurement
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Find the value of “F2”
The reaction force exerted by m₁ is 118.4 N.
Mass of the upper block, m₁ = 8 kg
Mass of the lower block, m₂ = 15 kg
Acceleration, a = 5 m/s₂
Normal reaction is a force that applies perpendicularly to two surfaces that are in contact. It represents the force that is holding the two surfaces together.
The value of limiting friction increases with the magnitude of the normal reaction force.
The force exerted by m₁ is,
F₁ = m₁(g + a)
F₁ = 8(9.8 + 5)
F₁ = 118.4 N
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a disk has a rotational inertia of 6.0 kg·m2 and a constant angular acceleration of 2.0 rad/s2. if it starts from rest the work done during the first 5.0 s by the net torque acting on it is:
A disk has a rotational inertia of 6.0 kg·m2 and a constant angular acceleration of 2.0 rad/s2. if it starts from rest the work done during the first 5.0 s by the net torque acting on it is 300 J.
The formula for work done by torque is
W = (1/2)Iω²,
where I is the rotational inertia, ω is the angular velocity and the 1/2 factor accounts for the fact that the torque is not constant.
In this case, the disk starts from rest, so its initial angular velocity is zero. We can use the formula for angular acceleration,
α = Δω/Δt, to find the angular velocity after 5.0 seconds:
α = 2.0 rad/s²
Δt = 5.0 s
Δω = αΔt = 2.0 rad/s² * 5.0 s = 10.0 rad/s
Now we can plug in the values for I and ω into the work formula:
I = 6.0 kg·m²
ω = 10.0 rad/s
W = (1/2)Iω² = (1/2)(6.0 kg·m²)(10.0 rad/s)²
= 300 J
Therefore, the work done during the first 5.0 s by the net torque acting on the disk is 300 J.
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A disk has a rotational inertia of 6.0 kg·m2 and a constant angular acceleration of 2.0 rad/s2. if it starts from rest the work done during the first 5.0 s by the net torque acting on it is 300 J.
The formula for work done by torque is
W = (1/2)Iω²,
where I is the rotational inertia, ω is the angular velocity and the 1/2 factor accounts for the fact that the torque is not constant.
In this case, the disk starts from rest, so its initial angular velocity is zero. We can use the formula for angular acceleration,
α = Δω/Δt, to find the angular velocity after 5.0 seconds:
α = 2.0 rad/s²
Δt = 5.0 s
Δω = αΔt = 2.0 rad/s² * 5.0 s = 10.0 rad/s
Now we can plug in the values for I and ω into the work formula:
I = 6.0 kg·m²
ω = 10.0 rad/s
W = (1/2)Iω² = (1/2)(6.0 kg·m²)(10.0 rad/s)²
= 300 J
Therefore, the work done during the first 5.0 s by the net torque acting on the disk is 300 J.
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Which, if either, exerts the larger gravitational force on the other?
Multiple Choice
the Earth on the sun
the sun on the Earth
They both exert the same force on each other.
The Given statement "Which, if either, the sun and the moon exerts the larger gravitational force on the other" is They both exert the same force on each other.
According to Newton's Third Law of Motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that the Earth and the sun both exert the same gravitational force on each other, despite their differences in size and mass.
The force exerted by the Sun on the Earth is about 76 times the force exerted by the moon on the Earth. The earth is an oblate spheroid, and that means it bulges out in the middle (the equator). That also means the poles end up a little closer to the centre of gravity. That is why on the surface of earth, at the poles the intensity of gravity is the maximum.
The gravitational force that the Sun exerts on Earth is much larger than the gravitational force that Earth exerts on the Sun.but still They both exert the same force on each other.
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the star vega has a measured angular diameter of 3.24 mas (miliarcseconds) and a flux of 2.84 x 10-8 w/m2. its distance is 8.1 pc. what are vega’s diameter and effective temperature?
Vega's diameter is approximately [tex]3.92 *10^6 km[/tex] and its effective temperature is about 9,400 K.
To find Vega's diameter, we will first need to convert the angular diameter from milliarcseconds (mas) to radians, then use the small-angle formula to determine the linear diameter. The effective temperature can be calculated using the Stefan-Boltzmann law.
1. Convert angular diameter to radians:
3.24 mas = [tex]3.24 * 10^{-3[/tex] arcseconds ≈ [tex]1.57 *10^{-8[/tex] radians
2. Use the small-angle formula:
diameter = distance × angular diameter
diameter = 8.1 pc × [tex]1.57 *10^{-8[/tex] radians
diameter ≈ [tex]1.27 * 10^{-7[/tex] pc
3. Convert the diameter to a more useful unit, such as kilometers:
1 pc ≈ [tex]3.086 * 10^{13 }km[/tex]
diameter ≈ [tex]3.92 * 10^6 km[/tex]
4. Calculate Vega's effective temperature using the Stefan-Boltzmann law:
[tex]Flux = \sigma * T^4[/tex] (σ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant)
[tex]T = (Flux / \sigma)^{(1/4)[/tex]
T ≈ 9,400 K
So, Vega's diameter is approximately [tex]3.92 *10^6 km[/tex] and its effective temperature is about 9,400 K.
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In a parallel circuit, the current through any resistor is directly proportional to the value of that resistor. True or False.
False. In a parallel circuit, the current through each resistor is not directly proportional to the value of that resistor. Instead, the current through each resistor is inversely proportional to the value of the resistor. This means that as the resistance of a resistor increases, the current through it decreases, and vice versa.
In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each resistor is the same, but the current flowing through each resistor can be different. This is because each resistor provides a different path for the flow of electricity. The total current flowing into the parallel circuit is divided among the different resistors according to their individual resistance values.
In summary, in a parallel circuit, the current through each resistor is inversely proportional to its value. This is because the total current flowing into the parallel circuit is divided among the different resistors according to their individual resistance values, and the voltage across each resistor is the same.
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a 530 kg elevator accelerates upward at 1.5 m/s2 for the first 14 m of its motion. How much work is done during this part of its motion by the cable that lifts the elevator?
The work done by the cable is 11,130 J
To find the work done by the cable that lifts the elevator, we need to use the formula:
work = force x distance x cos(theta)
where force is the net force acting on the elevator, distance is the displacement of the elevator, and theta is the angle between the force and displacement vectors. In this case, since the elevator is accelerating upward, the net force is the tension in the cable, and the displacement is 14 m upward.
First, let's calculate the tension in the cable. We can use Newton's second law:
F = ma
where F is the net force, m is the mass of the elevator, and a is the acceleration. Plugging in the given values, we get:
F = (530 kg)(1.5 m/s^2) = 795 N
So the tension in the cable is 795 N upward.
Now we can calculate the work done:
work = force x distance x cos(theta)
= (795 N)(14 m)(cos(0))
= 11,130 J
Therefore, the cable does 11,130 J of work during the first 14 m of the elevator's motion.
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What is the time constant for a series RC circuit hooked up to \xi = 12 V when the resistance is given to be 47 k\Omega and he capacitance is given by 3900 pF? [Recall 1 pF = 10-12 F]How does the time constant change if we were to double the emf?
a. The time constant for a series RC circuit connected to ξ = 12 V with a resistance of 47 kΩ and a capacitance of 3900 pF is 183.3 μs.
b. If the EMF is doubled, the time constant τ will not change, as it depends solely on the resistance and capacitance values in the circuit and is independent of the applied voltage.
To determine the time constant for a series RC circuit connected to ξ = 12 V with a resistance of 47 kΩ and a capacitance of 3900 pF can be calculated using the formula:
τ = RC
where τ is the time constant, R is the resistance, and C is the capacitance.
We are given that 1 pF = 10⁻¹² F, we can convert the capacitance to farads:
C = 3900 × 10⁻¹² F.
To find the time constant τ, multiply the resistance and capacitance:
τ = (47 × 10³ Ω) × (3900 × 10⁻¹² F)
≈ 183.3 × 10⁻⁶ s or 183.3 μs
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if a ball with a weight of 30 n hangs from the end of a 1.5-m horizontal pole, what torque is produced?
The torque produced by a weight of 30 N at the end of a 1.5 m horizontal pole is 45 Nm.
To calculate the torque produced, you can use the following formula:
Torque (τ) = Force (F) × Distance (d)
In this case, the weight of the ball (30 N) is the force, and the length of the horizontal pole (1.5 m) is the distance.
1: Identify the force and distance.
Force (F) = 30 N
Distance (d) = 1.5 m
Step 2: Use the formula to calculate the torque.
Torque (τ) = Force (F) × Distance (d)
Step 3: Plug in the values and calculate the torque.
τ = 30 N × 1.5 m
Step 4: Calculate the result.
τ = 45 Nm
The torque produced when a 30 N ball hangs from the end of a 1.5-m horizontal pole is 45 Nm.
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The maximum value of the emf in the primary coil (NP=1300) of a transformer is 155 VWhat is the maximum induced emf in the secondary coil (NS=550)?
The maximum induced emf in the secondary coil is 65.32 V.
What is the maximum induced emf in the secondary coil of a transformer?
The relationship between the voltage in the primary coil (VP), the voltage in the secondary coil (VS), the number of turns in the primary coil (NP), and the number of turns in the secondary coil (NS) is given by:
[tex]VP/VS = NP/NS[/tex]
We know that the maximum value of the emf in the primary coil (VP) is 155 V and the number of turns in the primary coil (NP) is 1300.
We need to find the maximum induced emf in the secondary coil (VS) when the number of turns in the secondary coil (NS) is 550.
Using the formula above, we can rearrange it to solve for VS:
[tex]VS = (VP * NS) / NP[/tex]
Substituting the given values, we get:
[tex]VS = (155 V * 550) / 1300\\VS = 65.32 V[/tex]
Therefore, the maximum induced emf in the secondary coil is 65.32 V.
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show that the transition matrix is regular and find its steady-state vector.
To show that a transition matrix is regular by raising the matrix to different powers until you find a power with all positive elements and its steady-state vector is equation πP = π while ensuring the elements of π sum to 1.
A transition matrix is regular if some power of the matrix has only positive elements, a steady-state vector is a probability vector that remains unchanged after being multiplied by the transition matrix. To demonstrate that the transition matrix is regular, raise the matrix to different powers until you find a power with all positive elements. If such a power exists, the matrix is considered regular.
Next, to find the steady-state vector, solve the following equation: πP = π, where π is the steady-state vector, and P is the transition matrix. Additionally, ensure the elements of π sum to 1, representing the total probability, you can solve this system of linear equations using methods like Gaussian elimination, matrix inversion, or iterative techniques. In summary, to show that a transition matrix is regular, find a power of the matrix with all positive elements, then, to find the steady-state vector, solve the equation πP = π while ensuring the elements of π sum to 1.
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When helium capture occurs with a carbon 12 nucleus, what results?
A) Nitrogen 14
B) Oxygen 16
C) Neon 20
D) Silicon 28
E) Nickel 56
When helium capture occurs with a carbon 12 nucleus, it results in Nitrogen 14.
Helium capture, also known as alpha capture, is a type of nuclear reaction in which a helium nucleus (consisting of two protons and two neutrons, denoted as an alpha particle) is captured by a target nucleus.
When a helium capture occurs with a carbon 12 nucleus (which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons), the resulting nucleus will have 8 protons and 8 neutrons. This results in the formation of a nitrogen 14 nucleus, which has 7 protons and 7 neutrons, denoted as 14N or Nitrogen-14.
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6 silicon electron mobility at t=300k is u=970 a) calculate diffusion coefficient electrons
The diffusion coefficient of electrons is 4.28 x 10⁻¹⁰ [tex]m^2/s.[/tex]
What will be diffusion coefficient electrons?To calculate the diffusion coefficient of electrons, we can use the Einstein relation:
D = kT/u
where D is the diffusion coefficient, k is Boltzmann's constant (1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and u is the electron mobility.
Plugging in the values given in the problem:
u = 970 [tex]cm^2/Vs[/tex] (note that the units need to be converted to [tex]cm^2/Vs[/tex])
T = 300 K
k = 1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K
Converting the units of electron mobility from [tex]cm^2/Vs[/tex] to [tex]m^2/s[/tex] gives:
u = 9.7 x 10⁻³ [tex]m^2/s[/tex]
Now we can calculate the diffusion coefficient:
D = kT/u
D = (1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K) x (300 K) / (9.7 x 10⁻³ [tex]m^2/s[/tex])
D = 4.28 x 10⁻¹⁰ [tex]m^2/s[/tex]
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a 65-kg skydiver jumps out of an airplane and falls 310 m, reaching a maximum speed of 53 m/s before opening her parachute.
The equation for the final velocity of an object undergoing [tex]t ≈ 5.41 s[/tex]
Why will be reaching a maximum speed of 53 m/s?
We can use the equations of motion to solve this problem. The key is to break the problem into two parts: the freefall part before the parachute is opened, and the part where the parachute is used to slow down the skydiver.
First, we can use the equation for the final velocity of an object undergoing constant acceleration to find the time it takes for the skydiver to reach her maximum speed:
[tex]v_f = v_i + at[/tex]
where v_f is the final velocity, v_i is the initial velocity (which is 0 in this case), a is the acceleration (which is due to gravity, -9.8 m/s^2), and t is the time.
Rearranging the equation to solve for t, we get:
[tex]t = v_f / a[/tex]
Substituting the values given, we get:
[tex]t = 53 m/s / 9.8 m/s^2[/tex]
Simplifying, we get:
[tex]t ≈ 5.41 s[/tex]
This tells us that it takes 5.41 seconds for the skydiver to reach her maximum speed of 53 m/s.
Next, we can use the equation for the distance traveled by an object undergoing constant acceleration to find the distance the skydiver falls during this time:
[tex]d = v_i t + (1/2)[/tex][tex]at^2[/tex]
where d is the distance, v_i is the initial velocity (which is 0 in this case), a is the acceleration (which is due to gravity, -9.8 m/s^2), and t is the time.
Substituting the values given, we get:
[tex]d = 0 + (1/2)(-9.8 m/s^2)(5.41 s)^2[/tex]
Simplifying, we get:
d ≈ 147.9 m
This tells us that the skydiver falls about 147.9 meters during the freefall part of the jump.
Now we can calculate the velocity of the skydiver just before opening her parachute using the equation:
[tex]v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2ad[/tex]
where v_f is the final velocity (which is 0 in this case), v_i is the initial velocity (which is 53 m/s), a is the acceleration (which is due to gravity, -9.8 m/s^2), and d is the distance traveled during the deceleration phase (which is 310 m - 147.9 m = 162.1 m).
Substituting the values given, we get:
[tex]0 = (53 m/s)^2 + 2(-9.8 m/s^2)(162.1 m - 147.9 m)[/tex]
Simplifying, we get:
[tex]0 = 2809 - 6176[/tex]
This is not possible, since it means that the final velocity is imaginary. This suggests that we made an error in our calculations. Checking our work, we find that the error is in the equation we used to calculate the distance traveled during the freefall part of the jump. We used the wrong value for the acceleration due to gravity - it should be positive, not negative:
[tex]d = v_i t + (1/2)at^2[/tex]
Substituting the correct value for a, we get:
[tex]d = 0 + (1/2)(9.8 m/s^2)(5.41 s)^2[/tex]
Simplifying, we get:
[tex]d ≈ 147.9 m[/tex]
This is the same value we found earlier, but with the correct sign for the acceleration. Now we can redo our calculations for the deceleration phase:
[tex]v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2ad[/tex]
Substituting the values given, we
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