Eris is round an orbits the sun, it is slightly smaller than the planet Mercury. Yet, Eris is classified as a dwarf planet because Eris is a plutoid. It is a trans-Neptunian dwarf planet. It is the most distant dwarf planet which is located beyond the orbit of the Neptune.
The orbital characteristics of Eris are more specifically categorized as a scattered disk object. It has been scattered into more-distant and unusual orbits which follows the gravitational interactions with the Neptune as the solar system was forming.
Eris was discovered in 2005 and was classified as the planet. It is a celestial body that orbits the sun, and has enough mass to be round in shape. It has not cleared neighborhood around its orbit as it is a dwarf planet.
Eris is classified as a plutoid because it is farthest from the sun than Neptune. It is massive enough to be pulled into a spherical shape but not as massive as eight planets of solar system.
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15. If an airplane is in flight, where is the air pressure lower?
under
above
When an airplane is in flight, the air pressure at the under drops.
What is pressure?Pressure is defined as the force applied perpendicular to an object's surface per unit area over which that force is dispersed. Gauge pressure is the pressure in relation to the surrounding atmosphere. Pressure is expressed using a variety of units.
As air flows over an airplane wing, the form of the wing creates a low pressure over the wing surface. The low pressure creates lift, which allows the plane to fly.
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Each copper(II) sulfate unit is associated with five water molecules in crystalline copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
(CuSO4 ⋅ 5H2O). When this compound is heated in air above 100oC, it loses the water molecules and also its blue color:
CuSO4 ⋅ 5H2O → CuSO4 + 5H2O
If 9.60 g of CuSO4 are left after heating 15.01 g of the blue compound, calculate the number of moles of water originally
present in the compound.
Number of moles of water originally present in the compound is 0.060 mol
Mole is the SI unit of amount of substance of a specified elementary entity
Here given reaction is
CuSO₄ ⋅ 5H₂O → CuSO₄ + 5H₂O
And given data is CuSO₄ = 9.60 g
So we have to find number of mole of water originally present in the compound = ?
So number of mole = mass of substance/mass of one mole
Number of mole = 9.60 g/159.6
Number of mole = 0.060 mol
Water originally present in the compound is 0.060 mol
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when working in a contaminated chemical enviroment,which one of the following devices provides the most protection against vapors or fumes froma chemical ga
Answer: gas mask
Explanation: A gas mask provides optimal protection from vapor and fumes.
Bart and Homer are building a mini nuclear reactor to put in the backyard (don't try this at home). They need rectangles of metal for their reactor casing. Bart and Homer each measure the perfect sized sheet of metal, but with different tape measures. Homer records 2.6m X 4.4m X 3.0m. Bart records 2.65m X 4.38m X 3.05m.
After taking sig figs into account, what will be the difference in their volume measurements in m3?
(Hint: remember you need to do the correct type of sig fig/rounding every time you hit the equal sign)
The difference is ______ m3
The difference in volume measured by Bart and Homer is equal to 1.08 m³.
What is the volume of the rectangular prism?The volume of a rectangular prism is calculated by multiplying the length, breadth, and height of the rectangle. A prism consists of 2 parallel rectangular bases and four rectangular faces.
It contains six flat rectangular faces and all the angles between faces are right-angled.
The volume of a rectangular prism = l × b × h
Where “b” is the base length “l” is the base width and “h” is the height of the rectangular prism.
If the nuclear reactor is made from a rectangular sheet then we can consider the metal sheet as a rectangular prism.
The Homer's volume of metal sheet = 2.6m × 4.4m × 3.0m = 34.32 m³
The Bart's volume of metal sheet = 2.65m × 4.38m × 3.05m = 35.40 m³
The difference between Bart's volume and Homer's volume is :
= 35.40 m³ - 34.32 m³
= 1.08 m³
Therefore, the difference between the volume of the metal sheet measured by Bert and Homer is 1.08m³.
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How mamy liters of a 0.500 M sucrose, C12H22O11 solution contain 1.5 kg of sucrose?
Answer:
10.0 g C12H22O11 (mol/342.34 g) (1/0.500 L) = 0.06 M C12H22O11 => 1 sig.
Explanation:
According to molar concentration,0.00876 liter of 0.500 M sucrose contain 1.5 kg of sucrose.
What is molar concentration?Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.
The molar concentration depends on change in volume of the solution which is mainly due to thermal expansion. Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.
In terms of moles, it's formula is given as molar concentration= number of moles /volume of solution in liters.
Volume is obtained by using molar concentration formula, 0.500×342.3/1.5×10³=114.1×10[tex]^-3[/tex]=1/V
Thus,volume=1/114.1×10[tex]^-3[/tex]=0.00876 M.
Thus, the volume of sucrose solution is 0.00876 M.
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An unknown substance has a specific heat capacity of 2.22 J/g °C. If 92.3 grams are heated with 1,760.0 joules of energy, what will the change in temperature be?
An unknown substance has a specific heat capacity of 2.22 J/g °C. If 92.3 grams are heated with 1,760.0 joules of energy the change in temperature be will be 360°C
Specific heat is defined by the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree celsius (°C)
Here given data is unknown substance
Specific heat capacity means Q = 2.22 J/g °C
Mass = 92.3 grams and
C = 1,760.0 joules and
We have to calculate change in temperature = ?
So the formula is Q = mc×ΔT
2.22 J/g °C = 92.3 ×1,760.0 joules×ΔT
ΔT = 360°C
So the change in temperature be360°C
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A weather balloon filled with helium has a volume of 125 ft³ at launch, where the temperature is 27 C. When the
balloon reaches an altitude of 45,000 meters where the temperature is -73C, its volume has increased to 94,000 ft³.
Assuming the atmospheric pressure was 755 mmHg at launch, what is the pressure (in mmHg) at 45,000 m?
The pressure (in mmHg) at 45,000 m, given it was 755 mmHg at launch is 0.669 mmHg
How to determine the pressure (in mmHg) at 45,000 mThe folloeing data were obtained from the question:
Initial volume (V₁) = 125 ft³Initial temperature (T₁) = 27 °C = 27 + 273 = 300 K Initial pressure (P₁) = 755 mmHgNew temperature (T₂) = -73 °C = -73 + 273 = 200 KNew volume (V₂) = 94000 ft³New pressure (P₂) = ?The new pressure of the gas at 45000 m can be obtained by using the combined gas equation as illustrated below:
P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂
(755 × 125) / 300 = (P₂ × 94000) / 200
Cross multiply
P₂ × 94000 × 300 = 755 × 125 × 200
P₂ × 28200000 = 18875000
Divide both sides by 28200000
P₂ = 18875000 / 28200000
P₂ = 0.669 mmHg
From the calculation made above, we can conclude that the pressure at 45000 m is 0.669 mmHg
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A pycnometer is a glass flask with a tight fitting glass stopper that can be used to determine the density of an insoluble solid by measuring the volume of water ejected out of the pycnometer when sample of the solid is placed in it. Determine the density in g/cm³ of an unknown metal alloy sample from the following measurements. Assume the density of water is 1.000 g/cm³.
Mass of clean pycnometer = 25.151 g
Mass of clean pycnometer plus water = 42.481 g
Mass of clean pycnometer plus metal sample = 39.605 g
Mass of clean pycnometer plus metal plus water = 54.265 g (after ejected water is dried from the outside surface)
The density in g/cm³ of an unknown metal alloy sample is 11.784g.
What does density mean?Mass per unit volume is the definition of density for a material. The ratio of mass to volume, or mass per unit volume, is what is meant by density. It gauges the amount of "stuff" contained within an object in relation to its volume (cubic meter or cubic centimeter). The degree to which matter is packed together firmly is fundamentally measured by density. The Greek scholar Archimedes is credited with discovering the principle of density. If you know the formula and are familiar with the relevant units, you can calculate the principle of density with ease. The formula for determining density is to take an object's mass (m) and divide it by its volume (v): = m / v. Density is typically denoted by the Greek symbol "."
The SI unit for density is the kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3). centimeter (g/cm3).
Mass of clean pycnometer = 25.151 g
Mass of clean pycnometer plus water = 42.481 g
Mass of clean pycnometer plus metal sample = 39.605 g
Mass of clean pycnometer plus metal plus water = 54.265 g
54.265 g - 42.481 g
= 11.784 g
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look at the picture
Answer:
Determining the melting point of a substance.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction of CO2 and limewater (Ca(OH)2). Write a physical description of the products formed.
The balanced reaction equation between carbon dioxide and lime water is shown in the image attached to this answer.
What is a reaction?The term reaction has to do with the combination of two or more substances in order to yield new substance. Let us note that the substances on the left hand side are called the reactants while the substances on the right hand side are called the products.
In this case, we are trying to write an equation for the combination of carbon dioxide and lime water. We know that the product that is formed in this reaction is calcium carbonate.
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Which term describes what happens when solutes dissolve in water?
hydrate
particulate
diffuse
dissociate
Dissociate is the term which describes the dissolution of solutes in water.
What is Particle theory?One way to think of dissolving is as a certain kind of mixing. There are various effects that can occur from mixing materials. Sometimes the parts can be readily separated, stay visible, and have little impact on one another. Other times, mixing can cause materials to undergo significant, irreversible modifications. On the spectrum between the two is dissolving. The simplest scenario entails combining two different materials. Dissolving often occurs when a solid and a liquid, usually water, come into contact. Solids (solute) and liquids (solvent) combine very closely to create a mixture known as a solution when they dissolve. Without color, the solid won't be visible, and the solution can just appear to be the initial liquid.To learn more about Particle theory, refer
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Which one of the following gas samples occupies the largest volume at 745 mm Hg and 44 °C? EXPLAIN.
a) 16 g methane
b) 32 g oxygen
c) 38 g fluorine
d) they all occupy the same volume
From the calculations, we can see that the methane gas, oxygen gas and fluorine gas all have the same volume.
What is the largest volume?Now we know that we could be able to obtain the volume in each case by the use of the idea gas equation. We know that the temperature is 44 °C or 317 K and the pressure is 745 mm Hg or 0.98 atm.
Now;
For methane;
n = 16 g/16 g/mol = 1 mole
V = nRT/P
V = 1 * 0.082 * 317/0.98
= 26.5 L
For oxygen;
n = 32 g/32 g/mol = 1 mole
V = nRT/P
V = 1 * 0.082 * 317/0.98
= 26.5 L
For fluorine;
n = 38 g/38 g/mol = 1 mole
V = nRT/P
V = 1 * 0.082 * 317/0.98
= 26.5 L
Hence, they all occupy the same volume
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Using an id reader to check ids can make it easier to
Display data associated with the ID such as age and other information.
Glassy unfocused eyes slow speech and movement or difficulty with small motor skills indicate a slow reaction. State ID cards, passports military ID cards, and driver's licenses are acceptable forms of ID in most states. Permanent Resident Cards may be accepted in some areas, but check with your administrator.
When a liquor store has carefully examined the identity of a customer before serving alcoholic beverages and reached a reasonable conclusion. Even if it turns out to be a fake ID and the appearance of the minor suggests the minor may be over the age of 21 or doing things she normally wouldn't. It is legally permissible even if it suggests that it is sexual. This can be a behavioral sign of addiction. Delayed reaction time Your body reacts and acts slower.
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Write the ions present in a solution of NaC2H3O2.
Please help with this question
Answer:
I am guessig B
Explanation:
Answer:bro
Explanation: you cant cheat on test
If 100. mL of 0.400 M NaOH and 100, mL of 0.400 M HCI both initially at 24.5°C react in a calorimeter, the final temperature of the surrounding solution is 27.2°C. What is the enthalpy change of this chemical reaction (in Joules)? Assume the density of the solutions are the same as water. (be careful with your signs)
The negative sign indicators that the reaction is exothermic. the enthalpy change -2257.2 J.
Describe enthalpy.Enthalpy, one of a thermodynamic system's attributes, is determined by multiplying the system's internal energy by the sum of its pressure and volume. The large surrounding environment conveniently offers this state function, which is commonly utilized in measurements of chemical, biological, and physical systems at constant pressure.
In order to calculate the system's physical dimensions, the pressure-volume term specifies the effort required to displace the system's surrounds and make room for it. The pressure-volume term is quite tiny for solids and liquids under ordinary conditions, but only fairly modest for gases. Enthalpy therefore acts as a substitute for energy in chemical systems.
The equation for the reaction is NaOH + HCl [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] NaCl + H₂O
Volume of the solution (100+100) ml = 200ml
Mass of solution = 200ml soln. x 1.00gm/1ml soln. (water density 1g/ml)
= 200ml
We, know the rule q=mcp∆t can be used to calculate the enthalpy change
Where q = enthalpy change
m = mass of solution
c = Specific heat of solution
∆t = Change in temperature
∴ m = 200gm soln.
c = 4.18J/g°C (water specific heat)
∆t = (27.2°C - 24.5°C)
∴ q=mcp∆t
= 200gm x 4.18J/g°C x (27.2°C - 24.5°C)
= 2257.2 J
We known that
q reaction = - q solution
= (c x m x ∆t) soltuion
∴ q reaction = -2257.2 J
Therefore, the correct answer is -2257.2 J
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Why do you think the temperature does not change much during a phase change? If possible, discuss your answer with your classmates and teacher
There's no increase in the kinetic energies of the particles, and hence no rise in temperature, because the energy required for phase shifts is employed to break bonds.
Briefing :If the pressure around a solid, liquid, or gas stays constant throughout a phase shift, the temperature will not change. In other words, once a liquid hits its boiling point, the temperature won't rise any further until the entire volume of the liquid has transformed into a gas.
How temperature and energy during a phase change are correlated?As a solid transforms into a liquid during a phase change, its temperature stays constant because the heat energy is converted to potential energy. Similarly, when heat is supplied to a liquid, the temperature rises as the molecules once more move more quickly.
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C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
Which type of reaction is this?
Answer: Combustion
Explanation:
Which statement is correct in the process of balancing the equation?
CH4+O2 = CO2+2H2O
.Do nothing, the equation is already balanced.
Add coefficient 2 to O2 on the left side of the equation.
Remove coefficient 2 in front of H2O on the right side of the equation.
Add coefficient 4 to O2 on the left side of the equation.
Correct statement in the process of balance the equation CH₄+O₂ → CO₂+2H₂O then add coefficient 2 to O₂ on the left side of the equation
Balance reaction is the chemical reaction in which number atom is arranged specific manner which reaction is balanced means all elements in the reaction are balanced with specific number
And the given reaction is
CH₄+O₂ → CO₂+2H₂O then,
Place a coefficient of 2 in front of the O₂ we now have 4O atoms on both sides CH₄+2O₂ → CO₂+2H₂O
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Silver has a density of 10.49 g/cm³. If 101.0 g of silver is added to 51.0
mL of water in a graduated cylinder, to what volume reading will the
water level in the cylinder rise?
Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume. So, adding 9.628 ml of Ag to 51ml of H2O, makes the total volume 60.628ml.
What is meant by density ?
Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume. The most commonly used symbol for density is ρ, although the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [tex]{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}}}[/tex] where ρ is density, m is mass and V is the volume.
Density is an important concept because it allows us to determine which substances float and which sink when placed in a liquid. In general, substances float until their density is lower than the density of the liquid in which they are placed.
Density = Mass/ water displaced
water displaced = Mass/Density
water displaced = 101 / 10.49
water displaced = 9.628 cm³
Here 1 cm³ = 1ml
so, adding 9.628 ml of Ag to 51ml of H2O, makes the total volume 60.628ml.
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Why is it important for the body's different parts to be at specific pH levels?
Answer:
Our bodies live and die at a cellular level and the cells must maintain alkalinity in order to function and stay alive. An acidic state causes lack of oxygen at a cellular level. A pH of below 7.4 is sub-optimal providing the perfect environment for bacteria, mold and viruses to grow
Explanation:
A buffer solution with a pH of 4.23 is prepared with the same volumes of 0.90 M HC₂H₂O₂ and .
O 1.2x10-9 M NaC₂H₂O₂. The K₂ of HC₂H₂O₂ is 1.8 - 105.
A buffer solution with a pH of 4.23 is prepared with the same volumes of 0.90 M HC₂H₂O₂ and O 1.2x10-9 M NaC₂H₂O₂ is 0.37.
A buffer answer is an aqueous answer along with an aggregate of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa. Its pH adjustments little or no when a small amount of sturdy acid or base is introduced to it.
Buffer solution is a water solvent based totally answer which includes a combination containing a vulnerable acid and the conjugate base of the vulnerable acid, or a vulnerable base and the conjugate acid of the vulnerable base. They withstand a trade-in pH upon dilution or upon the addition of small amounts of acid/alkali to them.
Buffer solutions resist an exchange in pH whilst small amounts of a robust acid or a strong base are added. a solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate CH3COOH + CH3COONa is an example of a buffer that includes a susceptible acid and its salt.
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Given the following reaction:
2 CH4O + 3 O2 → 2 CO2 + 4 H2O
How many grams of CO2 will be produced if you start with 1.34 g CH4O?
Please use the periodic table and remember to include your units.
HW6.3. 221 PS6_1c molal sat balances
Moist air at atmospheric presure, 92 C and relative humidity 44% enters a cooler where it is cooled isobarically at 1 atm to a temperature of 21 C. (Isobaric means at constant pressure)
The Antoine equation with T in C and p in mm Hg has coefficients for water given by
0 to 60 C: A= 8.10765 B=1750.286 C=235.000
60 to 150 C : A=7.96681 B=1668.210 C= 228.000
At the specified temperature 92 C, the Antoine equation gives a vapor pressure p*=567.09 mm Hg, and at a temperature 21 C, the vapor pressure is p*=18.65 mm Hg.
What is the molal saturation of the moist entering air?
What is the molal saturation of the exiting air at 21 C
If the moist entering air contains 33.39 total moles which includes 22.43 moles of dry air; how many g's of water condenses in the cooler?
The molal saturation of the moist entering air is 10.96 mol, molal saturation of the exiting air at 21 C is 0.560 mol and 187.2g of water condenses in the cooler.
Antoine equationThe Antoine equation can be stated as a class of semi-empirical correlations describing the exact relation between vapor pressure and temperature for pure substances.
it is seen that
humidity = 44%
Ptotal = 1 atm = 760 mm Hg
[tex]P_{H2O}[/tex] = RH/100 X [tex]P^{*} _{H2O}[/tex] = 52/100 X 567.09
= 294.88 mmHg
Molal saturation = [tex]\frac{P_{H2O} }{P_{T} -P_{H2O} }[/tex]
= 294.88/ (760 - 294.88)
= 0.6361
Exit air = 100% (after cooling)
[tex]P_{H2O}[/tex] = [tex]P^{*} _{H2O}[/tex] at 21°C = 18.65
Hm2 = 18.67/ (760 - 18.65)
= 0.025
Mole of water that enters = mole of total moist - mole of total dry
= 33.39 - 22.43
= 10.96
mole of water exits after cooling
n2 = Hm2 x (mole of dry air)
= 0.025 x 22.43
= 0.560
water condenses = n1 - n2
=10.96 - 0.560
=10.4 mol
=10.4 x 18 g
= 187.2 g
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Complete the balanced neutralization equation for the reaction below. Be
sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction.
HCl(aq) + Sr(OH)₂(aq) –
→
2 HCl(aq) + Sr(OH)₂(aq) → SrCl₂(aq) + 2 H₂O(l).
Complete neutralization occurs when strong acids such as hydrochloric acid and HCl are mixed with strong bases such as sodium hydroxide and NaOH. Strong acids and strong bases decompose or completely dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in water. When a strong acid reacts with a strong base, the resulting salt is neither acidic nor basic.
Neutral. For example, when HCl hydrochloric acid a strong acid reacts with NaOH a strong base the resulting salts are sodium chloride and water. In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts with an equimolar amount of base to form salt and water. An example would be the reaction between a strong acid and a base. The sodium chloride formed is the result of the neutralization reaction.
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In argon Fluoride laser used in some reflective eye surgeries of electro magnetic radiation at a wavelength of 193.3nm what is the frequency of the a A
RF lasers radiation what is the
energy of a single quantum of the radiation
In argon Fluoride laser used in some reflective eye surgeries of electro magnetic radiation at a wavelength of 193.3nm then the frequency is 1.72×10⁶Hz
Electromagnetic radiation is the is the form of energy that propagated both as electrical and magnetic waves traveling in packets of energy called photons
Here given data is
Wavelength = 193.3nm
Velocity = 3×10⁸m/sec
We have to find frequency = ?
Then the formula is V = λf
So rearrange this formula
f = V/ λ
f = 3×10⁸m/sec/193.3nm
f = 1.72×10⁶Hz
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A weather balloon contains 14.0 L of helium at a pressure of 95.5 kPa and a temperature of 12.0°C. If this had been stored in a 1.50-L cylinder at 21.0°C, what must the pressure in the cylinder have been?
The pressure in the cylinder must have been 919.5 kPa.
What is the pressure in the cylinder?
The pressure in the cylinder is calculated by applying general gas equation as follows;
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
where;
P₁ is the initial pressure of the cylinderT₁ is the initial temperature of the cylinderV₁ is the initial volume of the cylinderP₂ is the final pressure of the cylinderT₂ is the final temperature of the cylinderV₂ is the final volume of the cylinderP₂ = (P₁V₁T₂/T₁V₂)
The initial temperature of the cylinder = 12⁰C = 285 K
The final temperature of the cylinder = 21⁰C = 294 K
P₂ = (95.5 x 14 x 294/285 x 1.5)
P₂ = 919.5 kPa
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Sir Isaac Newton reasoned that the attractive force that keeps planets in their orbits around the Sun is due to two factors, one of which is the distance between the planet and the Sun. Which law was the result of his observations and calculations?
A) The law of Superposition
B) The law of Universal Gravitation
C) The law of Conservation of Mass
D) The law of Conservation of Energy
Answer:
The law of Universal Gravitation.
Balance the given equations by inserting the appropriate coefficients.
chemical equation=p4+O2
The reaction equation that is balanced is obtained as; [tex]P_{4} + 5O_{2} ----- > 2P_{2} O_{5}[/tex]
What is reaction equation?We know that it is common to use a chemicals reaction equation to show what is going on in a reaction system. The chemical reaction equation would include the symbols of the elements that are combined in the reaction equation.
The first rule that must be observed when we are writing a balanced reaction equation is that the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side must be the same as the number of atoms of the same element on the left hand side. This is what we call an atom count. If the atom count is not complete it then follows that the reaction equation is not balanced as written
Having said this let us now attempt to write the balanced reaction equation between phosphorus and oxygen molecules which are both poly atomic.
The balanced reaction equation is; [tex]P_{4} + 5O_{2} ----- > 2P_{2} O_{5}[/tex]
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i need help with chemistry equation
From the given equation of reaction:
The maximum amount of ethane (C₂H₆ ) that can be formed is 9.15 gThe formula of the limiting reagent, hydrogen is H₂.The amount of the excess reagent that remains after the reaction is complete = 3.78 gramsWhat are limiting reagents?Limiting reagents refers to the reactants in a given reaction which is completely used up at the end of a reaction.
Once the limiting reagent is used up, the reaction will stop.
Considering the given question and the data provided:
0.610 grams of hydrogen gas are allowed to react with 12.4 grams of ethylene (C₂H₄).
The equation of the reaction is as follows:
H₂ (g) + C₂H₄ (g) ---> C₂H₆ (g)
The mole ratio of the reactants is used to determine the limiting reactant.
Mole ratio of hydrogen to ethylene is 1 : 1
Moles of hydrogen = 0.610/2 = 0.305 moles
Moles of ethylene = 12.4/28 = 0.44 moles
The limiting reagent is hydrogen while the excess reagent is ethylene.
The maximum amount of ethane (C₂H₆ ) that can be formed is 0.305 moles.
mass of 0.305 moles of ethane = 0.305 * 30 grams
mass of 0.305 moles of ethane = 9.15 g
The moles of the excess reagent that remains after the reaction is complete = 0.44 - 0.305 = 0.135 moles
mass of 0.135 moles of ethylene = 0.135 * 28 = 3.78 grams
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