Any source outside the body that emits ionising radiation, whether it be a beta source, neutron source, or gamma source, might be a risk for external radiation exposure.
Which of the following radiation kinds solely poses an external risk?The most dangerous outside threat is gamma radiation. "Beta burns" can be brought on by beta particles that partially penetrate skin.
What are some instances of radiation risks?Ionizing radiations have the potential to result in dermatitis, burns, cell damage, cataracts, and alterations in the blood. Any exposed area of the body can become heated by microwaves and radio waves, infrared rays can cause cataracts and skin burns, and UV light can cause skin cancer, conjunctivitis, arc eye, and conjunctivitis.
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What mass of aluminum metal will react with nitric acid to produce 1.89
moles of hydrogen gas
Answer:
A bit over 3⋅mol aluminum are required.
Explanation:
hope this helped:)
brainliest for the brains:)
Answer and explanation for the answer please.
The ionization energy decrease from right to left in the period as the effective nuclear charge decreases. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
What is the ionization energy?The ionization energy of an element can be described as the minimum amount of energy that is needed by an electron to come out of the influence of the nuclear charge of a gaseous atom.
In general, as we move from left to right in a period on the modern periodic table, the atomic number of an atom increases. While moving from left to right in a period, there is an increase in the effective nuclear charge while the electron enters the same shell.
As the effective nuclear charge of an element is increasing large amount of energy is needed to knock out the electron from an atom which is known as ionization energy.
Therefore, as we move right to left the number of protons is lesser so the valence electrons can move farther away from the nucleus causing a decrease in ionization energy.
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How many protons and neutrons are in an atom of P-32
The element of phosphorus is having atomic number 15. So, there are 15 protons and 15 electrons. In the P-32 isotope, there are 17 (32 - 15 = 17) neutrons
The nucleus of P-32(phosphorus-32) contains 15 protons and 17 neutrons
one more neutron than the most common isotope of phosphorus and phosphorus-31. Phosphorus-32 only exists in small quantities on Earth as it has a short half-life of 14 days and so decays rapidly.
Key Points:
1. Atoms: Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
2. Protons carry a positive electrical charge, while electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons are neutral.
3. You can easily find the number of neutrons if you know the isotope of the atom. You have to subtract the number of protons (the atomic number) from the mass number to find the remaining neutrons.
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Which type of reaction will this equation be classified as?
The chemical reaction given in the equation is a double replacement reaction. In a double replacement reaction, two elements in two different compounds switch places to form two new compounds.
What is double replacement ?A double replacement reaction, also known as a double displacement reaction or a metathesis reaction, is a type of chemical reaction in which the ions or molecules of two compounds exchange places to form two new compounds. In a double replacement reaction, the elements in the reactants are rearranged to form new chemical compounds, with the positive ions switching places with the negative ions.For example, the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide can be represented by the following equation: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.In this reaction, the hydrogen ions in the hydrochloric acid (H+) switch places with the sodium ions in the sodium hydroxide (Na+) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O). Double replacement reactions are commonly used in the laboratory to test the acid-base properties of chemicals and to identify the products of a chemical reaction.To learn more about double replacement refer :
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Radiation can be measured according to activity, exposure, or its effect on biological tissue. Units of curies (Ci) and disintegrations per second (dps) measure activity. The rad measures exposure, where rad stands for radiation absorbed dose. The rem measures biological effect, where rem stands for roentgen equivalent man. RBE is a multiplication factor known as relative biological effectiveness and is approximately 1 for beta and gamma radiation and 10 for alpha radiation. The following conversion factors relate these quantities: 1 Ci = 3.7 times 10^10 dps 1 rad = 1 times 10^-2 J/Kg tissue number of rems = (RBE) (number of rads) Note that the conversion factors between curies and disintegrations per second and between rads and joules per kilogram of tissue are exact (i.e., they contain an infinite number of significant figures). The RBE, however, is approximate and has only one significant figure because it varies with the dose rate, total dose, and type of tissue affected. Tests on human subjects along the East Coast of the United States in 1965 and 1966, following the era of atomic bomb testing, revealed quantities of about 1.11pCi of plutonium radioactivity (alpha radiation) in a test subject. A 75-kg person is exposed to this radiation for 1.00 year (365 days). If each alpha particle deposits 8.00 times 10-13 J what is the number of rads absorbed by the person? Express your answer in rads using two significant figures.
The number of rads absorbed by the person 1.2 rads which is expressed using two significant figures.
The activity of the plutonium radioactivity is given in picocuries (pCi), which is a unit of radioactivity equal to 10^-12 curies. We can use the conversion factor 1 Ci = 3.7 x 10^10 dps to convert the activity of the radioactivity from picocuries to disintegrations per second:
Activity (dps) = (1 pCi) (3.7 x 10^10 dps/Ci) = 3.7 x 10^10 dps
The number of alpha particles emitted by the radioactivity in one year is equal to the activity of the radioactivity in disintegrations per second multiplied by the number of seconds in one year:
Number of alpha particles = (3.7 x 10^10 dps) (3.1536 x 10^7 s/year) = 1.16 x 10^18 alpha particles
Each alpha particle deposits 8.00 x 10^-13 J of energy into the tissue. The total energy deposited into the tissue by all of the alpha particles is equal to the number of alpha particles multiplied by the energy deposited by each alpha particle:
Total energy deposited = (1.16 x 10^18 alpha particles) (8.00 x 10^-13 J/alpha particle) = 9.28 x 10^4 J
The absorbed dose is the energy deposited into the tissue per kilogram of tissue. The absorbed dose for the person is equal to the total energy deposited into the tissue divided by the mass of the person in kilograms:
Absorbed dose (rads) = (9.28 x 10^4 J) / (75 kg) = 1.23 rads
Since the absorbed dose has only two significant figures, we should round our answer to two significant figures as well. The absorbed dose is therefore 1.2 rads.
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which of the following functional groups generally causes a compound to have the HIGHEST boiling point, assuming the molecular weight is constant?
carboxylic acid, amide, alcohol, nitrile, or ester
The carboxylic acid are the functional groups generally causes a compound to have the HIGHEST boiling point, assuming the molecular weight is constant.
Carboxylic acids have better boiling factors than aldehydes, ketones or even alcohols of similar molecular mass. It is because of their. More large affiliation of carboxylic acid thru van der Waals pressure of attraction.
Carboxylic acids have better boiling factor than carbonyl compounds and alcohols because of the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Since carboxylic acids can shape a couple of set of hydrogen bonds, their boiling factors are typically better than the ones of different molecules of the identical molecular weight (MW). This could bring about a better temperature at which boiling could occur. We can see that the most important carboxylic acid from our solution alternatives is pentanoic acid.
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2 of the same type of questions. Will give lots of points and mark as brainliest!!!! Anything helps! Thanks in advance :)
Answer:
14. 2NH4Cl(aq) + K2S(aq) => 2KCl(aq) + (NH4)2S(aq)
15. 3KCl(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) = 3NaCl(aq) + K3PO4(aq)
Explanation:
14. 2NH4Cl(aq) + K2S(aq) => 2KCl(aq) + (NH4)2S(aq)
NH4 = 2
Cl = 2
K = 2
S = 1
15. 3KCl(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) = 3NaCl(aq) + K3PO4(aq)
K = 3
Cl = 3
Na = 3
PO4 = 1
Question 4 of 20:
Select the best answer for the question.
4. Which of the following accurately pairs the part of an atom to its charge?
O A. Electron-no charge
O B. Electron-negative charge
OC. Neutron-positive charge
O D. Proton-no charge
Mark for review (Will be highlighted on the review page)
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which of the following solutions will produce a buffer? assume a total volume of volume of 1.0 liter.
A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. It is a mixture of a weak acid or base and its conjugate, which is a salt of that acid or base. All of the given are correct.
When small amounts of acid or base are added to the buffer, the conjugate reacts with the acid or base, thus preventing a significant change in pH.
The following solutions will produce a buffer with a total volume of 1.0 liter:
1. A mixture of 0.1 moles of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and 0.1 moles of sodium acetate (CH3COONa). This buffer will resist changes in pH between 4.75 and 5.75.
2. A mixture of 0.1 moles of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and 0.1 moles of potassium phosphate (K2HPO4). This buffer will resist changes in pH between 2.12 and 7.19.
3. A mixture of 0.1 moles of ammonia (NH3) and 0.1 moles of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). This buffer will resist changes in pH between 9.24 and 10.75.
4. A mixture of 0.1 moles of boric acid (H3BO3) and 0.1 moles of sodium borate (Na2B4O7). This buffer will resist changes in pH between 9.2 and 9.7.
By combining the correct weak acid and its conjugate, each of the four solutions described above will produce a buffer with a total volume of 1.0 liter that resists changes in pH between the specified pH ranges.
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1. A mixture of 0.1 moles of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and 0.1 moles of sodium acetate (CH3COONa).
2. A mixture of 0.1 moles of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and 0.1 moles of potassium phosphate (K2HPO4).
3. A mixture of 0.1 moles of ammonia (NH3) and 0.1 moles of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).
4. A mixture of 0.1 moles of boric acid (H3BO3) and 0.1 moles of sodium borate (Na2B4O7).
FILL IN THE BLANK. the measure of energy used in electrochemistry is the cell ___ (ecell), which is the difference in electrical potential between two electrodes. a common term for this difference in electrical potential is voltage force or emf.
Answer:
Explanation:
The measure of energy used in electrochemistry is the cell potential (ecell), which is the difference in electrical potential between two electrodes. A common term for this difference in electrical potential is voltage or emf.
write the chemucal equation of a0.036MHNO2 Solution
The chemical equation of the dissociation of 0.036M HNO₂ solution is given below:
HNO₂ (aq) ⇄ H⁺ (aq) + NO₂⁻ (aq)What is a chemical equation?A chemical equation is an equation that uses the formula of compounds to show the reaction between substances to form products.
In a chemical equation, the reactants are written on the left-hand side of the equation, while the products are written on the right-hand side of the reaction.
Chemical equations are balanced by adding numerical coefficients in front of the compounds.
An example of a chemical equation is the equation of the dissociation of the acid nitrous acid, HNO₂.
HNO₂ (aq) ⇄ H⁺ (aq) + NO₂⁻ (aq)The acid, nitrous acid, HNO₂ is a weak acid that dissociates partially to produce hydrogen ions.
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Which of the following properties is associated with the existence of glycine as a dipolar ion in aqueous solution?
A) High dipole moment
B) High molecular weight
C) Low dielectric constant
D) Low solubility in water
The property associated with the existence of glycine as a dipolar ion in aqueous solution is High dipole moment
What is dipole moment?Dipole moments occur when there is a separation of charge. Dipole moments can exist between two ions in an ionic bond or between atoms in a covalent link; they are caused by changes in electronegativity. The dipole moment grows in proportion to the difference in electronegativity.
According to the question,
Glycine exists as a "dipolar ion in aqueous solution." Polarity in neutral molecules is caused by an unequal distribution of electron density, which might result from the separation of opposite charges. This happens in zwitterions. Also, molecules that have strong electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents are highly polar and have high dipole moments.
The property associated with the existence of glycine as a dipolar ion in aqueous solution is High dipole moment.
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The first five ionization energies of an unknown element are listed in the table above. which of the following statements correctly identifies the element and cites the evidence supporting the identification?
B) Al because the large difference between the third and forth ionization energies.
What is ionization energy?
Ionization energy (also called ionization potential) is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule in chemistry and physics. There is an ionization energy for each successively removed electron. However, the ionization energy associated with the removal of the first (most loosely held) electron is most commonly used.
The ionization energy of a chemical element, expressed in joules or electron volts, is usually measured in a discharge tube in which rapidly moving electrons produced by an electric current collide with gas atoms of the element, releasing one of them will be electronic.
B) Al because the large difference between the third and forth ionization energies.
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select the correct statement about the elements in the periodic table. Each
a) family begins with a single electron in a new outer energy level
b) period ends with the filling of an orbital in an outer energy level
c)family has atoms with equal number of filled energy levels
Answer:
c) family has atoms with equal number of filled energy levels
What is Kp for the following reaction:
Cl2(g) + I2(g) -> 2ICl(g) ∆Gorxn = -27.9 kJ
The Kp of the reaction is 7.8 * 10^4.
What is the Kp?We know that the equilibrium constant of the reaction has to do with the manner in which the reactant can nbe able to be converted into products. In this case, we are looking at the reaction in which we are having the production of the ICl molecule.
Let us recall that;
∆G = -RTlnK
∆G = change in free energy
R = gas constant
T = absolute temperature
K = equilibrium constant.
When we substitute the values, we would now have;
lnKp =∆G/-RT
lnKp = -27.9 * 10^3/-(298 * 8.314)
lnKp = 11.3
Kp = 7.8 * 10^4
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Are the equations balanced
yes/no
Explanation:
a.yes
b.no
c.yes
d.no
e.yes
Calculate the bond dissociation energy for a N-H bond in NH3 using the information from the following reaction and the data provided.
Bond Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
C-H 414
C-C 347
Câ¡N 894
O-H 464
C=O 736
C-O 360
A. 543 kJ
B. 80 kJ
C. 389 kJ
D. 834 kJ
E. 1167 kJ
The bond dissociation energy of 543 kJ/mol for a N-H bond in NH3. Hence, the answer is A. 543 kJ.
The bond dissociation energy for a N-H bond in NH3 can be calculated using the information from the following reaction and the data provided. The equation for the reaction is:
NH3 → H2 + N.
The bond dissociation energy for a N-H bond in NH3 can be calculated by subtracting the sum of the bond energies of the C-H and C-C bonds in NH3 from the sum of the bond energies of the O-H and C=O bonds in H2 and N.
The bond energies of the C-H and C-C bonds in NH3 are 414 kJ/mol and 347 kJ/mol, respectively. The bond energies of the O-H and C=O bonds in H2 and N are 464 kJ/mol and 736 kJ/mol, respectively.
Therefore, the bond dissociation energy for a N-H bond in NH3 can be calculated by subtracting the sum of 414 kJ/mol and 347 kJ/mol from the sum of 464 kJ/mol and 736 kJ/mol.
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Your friend is having trouble writing the electron configuration for Nickel (Ni). In your own words describe how you would teach your friend how to write an electron configuration, and then write the configuration for Ni.
The electronic configuration of nickel is [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s².
What is electronic configuration?
The arrangement of electrons within an atom's orbitals is known as its electronic configuration. The atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in every neutral atom, is the set quantity of electrons that make up each neutral atom.
What is Nickel ?
A hard silver-white metallic element that can be hammered into shape, polished to a high sheen, is resistant to wearing away, and is mostly utilized in alloys.
Therefore, the electronic configuration of nickel is [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s².
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The following molecular equation represents the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of lead(II) nitrate and barium bromide are combined.
Pb(NO2)3(aq)+BaBr2(aq) = PbBr2(s)+Ba(NO3)2(aq)
Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction.
The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of lead(II) nitrate and barium bromide is,
Pb2+ (aq.) + 2Br-(aq.) -------------> PbBr2
Lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 and barium bromide, BaBr2, are soluble in aqueous solution. This which means that they dissociate completely to form cations and anions when dissolved in water.
Pb(NO2)3 (aq.) + BaBr2(aq.) -----------> PbBr2 (s) + Ba(NO3)2 (aq.)
Balanced net ionic equation for the reaction is the chemical equation that shows only those elements, compounds, and ions that are directly involved in the chemical reaction. Net ionic equations must be balanced by both mass and charge. Balancing by mass means ensuring that there are equal masses of each element on the product and reactant sides. Balancing by charge means making sure that the overall charge is the same on both sides of the equation.
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true or false, gravity only acts on heavy objects
Answer: False
Explanation: Certain types of rocks are light and gravity can hold them down,
For example: A pencil is on the desk due to the gravity pulling it down.
=)
the frist step in the industrial recovery of copper from copper sulfide ore is roasting that is the conversion of cus to cu o by heating 2cus +3o2(g)____2cu(s)+2so2(g) Δ H = -114.6 kJ/mol
The heat evolved per gram of CuS roasted is -5.01 kJ/g.
What is the industrial recovery of copper?The reaction is exothermic, with a delta H of -114.6 kJ/mol. This means that the reaction releases 114.6 kJ of heat for every mole of CuS that is converted to CuO. The reaction is carried out in a roaster, which is a large, industrial-scale furnace that is specifically designed for this process.
To solve the above problem, we need to determine the heat evolved per mole of CuS roasted, and then convert that to heat per gram of CuS roasted.
The heat evolved per mole of CuS roasted can be calculated using the given equation and the given value for the enthalpy change:
AH = -805.6 kJ/mol
We can then convert the heat evolved per mole to heat evolved per gram by dividing by the molar mass of CuS:
Heat per gram = (-805.6 kJ/mol) / (160.6 g/mol) = -5.01 kJ/g
Therefore, After roasting, the copper oxide is then leached with a solution of sulfuric acid to extract the copper. The resulting solution is then filtered and the copper is recovered from the solution through a process called electrowinning.
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See full question below
The first step in the industrial recovery of copper from the copper sulfide ore is roasting, that is, the conversion of CuS to CuO by heating: 2CuS(s) + 302(g) → 2CuO(s) + 2802(g) AH = -805.6 kJ/mol Calculate the heat evolved (in kJ) per gram of CuS roasted.
which of the following would have the lowest iodine number? sunflower oil corn oil peanut oil butter
Sunflower oil, corn oil, peanut oil, and butter all have different iodine numbers. Sunflower oil has the highest iodine number, followed by corn oil, peanut oil, and butter. Therefore, butter would have the lowest iodine number.
Butter is a saturated fat, meaning it is composed of molecules that are completely saturated with hydrogen. This saturation means that there are no double-bonded carbon atoms, and thus, no unsaturation. As a result, butter has a very low iodine number, typically around 10-15.
Sunflower oil, on the other hand, is a polyunsaturated fat. This means that it contains many double-bonded carbon atoms, which increases its iodine number. Sunflower oil typically has an iodine number of around 100-140.
Corn oil and peanut oil have iodine numbers that fall between sunflower oil and butter. Corn oil usually has an iodine number of about 80-110, while peanut oil has an iodine number of around 70-90.
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How many grams of nacl are required to make 250.0 ml of a 3.000 m solution?
Answer:
43.83 grams of NaCl are required to make 250 ml of a 3M solution.
Explanation:
As given in the question,
Molarity of solution= 3M
Volume of solution= 250ml
Weight of solute Nacl=?
The formula for molarity is,
Number of moles=0.75 moles
According to the formula,
As we know, the molecular mass of NaCl is 58.44
Hence,
carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gasses produced to support operations, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (co2).
The entire amount of greenhouse gases created to sustain human activities both directly and indirectly, typically represented in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2).
In what context would you use the word "gasses"?On top of that, the planet's surface emits dangerous gases. Carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric ozone, and nitrous oxide concentrations in the atmosphere have now increased significantly compared to pre-industrial levels as a result of human activity.
What does "gas" mean in the singular?A material that expands to fill any container is referred to as a gas, and the plural form of this term is gase. Third-person present tense verbs can have many different meanings, like "gasses."
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A 35.20 g sample of liquid antimony at 747.0 °C is poured into a mold and allowed to cool to 28.0 °C. How many kJ of energy are released in this process. Report the answer as a positive number.
boiling point = 1.440×103 °C delta16-1.GIFHvap(1.440×103 °C) = 1.605×103 J/g
melting point = 631.0 °C delta16-1.GIFHfus(631.0 °C) = 161.1 J/g
specific heat solid = 0.2090 J/g°C
specific heat liquid = 0.2590 J/g°C
Please help..I keep getting the wrong answer.
35.20g*(.2090/1)(631.0-747)= 40925.87
35.20g*(161.1/1)=5670.72
35.20g*(.2590/1)*(28.0-631.0)= -5497.4
41.09919 k/J is not the right answer...help?
A 35.20g sample of liquid antimony at 747.0 celcius. The heat released in the process in KJ is 11.
The given sample of liquid antimony is cooled from 747.0°C to 28.0°C
Since the melting point of antimony is 631.0°C, the liquid is cooled from 747.0°C to 631.0°C, then the phase of antimony is changed from liquid to solid at 631.0°C, and temperature of solid is changed from 63 1.0C to 631 .0°C
Specific heat of solid and liquid antimony is 0.2090J/g^0C and
and enthalpy of fusion at 631.0°C is 161.1 J/g.
Calculate the heat released in the overall procedure as follows:
Q=q^747.0° C to 631.0°C +Q solidifying at 631.0° C q631.0° C to 28.0°C
=mCΔT+(-mΔH^solidifying )+mcΔT
-35.20 gx0.2590 J/g°631.0°C-747.0°C)+(35.20 gx161.1 J/g)
=+35.20 g× 0.2090J/g^o C × (28.0°C-631.0°C)
=--1057.55 J -5670.72 J-4436.15 J
=11164.42 J
11.164 j
Hence, the heat released in the process in kJ is 11
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2. The energy in a lightning bolt changes ____ into plasma.
a. moisture in the air
b. gases in the atmosphere
c. dust particles
d. electricity
Answer:
B. Gases in the atmosphere.
Explanation:
What are the coefficients when the following equations are balanced? sb o2 --> sb4o6 h2s cl2 --> s8 hcl
The balanced reaction with correct coefficients for the given chemical reaction is given as,
4Sb + 3O₂ → Sb₄O₆
H₂S + Cl₂ → S + 2HCl
Balanced chemical equations are defined as the equations that have the same number and type of each atom on both sides of the equation. The coefficients in a balanced equation must be in the simplest whole number ratio. In a balanced chemical equation mass is always conserved.
The equation Sb + O₂ → Sb₄O₆ is written after balancing as 4Sb + 3O₂ → Sb₄O₆. Therefore, its coefficients are 4 and 3.
The equation H₂S + Cl₂ → S + HCl is written after balancing as H₂S + Cl₂ → S + 2HCl. Therefore, its coefficient is 2.
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What is the mass of aluminium in 306 g of aluminium oxide Al2O3?
Answer:
in 102 g Al2O3 is 54g Al and 48g O
in 3×102g Al2O3 is 3×54g Al and 3×48g O
i.e.in 306g aluminium oxide there is 162g Al and 144 g O.
Here the question. It's a concentration calculation.
Answer:
To find the molarity of a 5% vinegar solution, you first need to determine the mass of acetic acid in the solution. To do this, you can multiply the mass of the solution by the mass fraction of acetic acid.
The mass fraction of acetic acid in a 5% vinegar solution is 5%, or 0.05. The mass of the solution is the density of the solution multiplied by the volume of the solution. Since the density of the solution is 1.01 g/mL, you can use the following formula to calculate the mass of the solution:
Mass of solution = density * volume
Once you have the mass of the solution, you can use the following formula to calculate the mass of acetic acid in the solution:
Mass of acetic acid = mass of solution * mass fraction of acetic acid
Once you have the mass of acetic acid, you can use the molar mass of acetic acid to calculate the number of moles of acetic acid in the solution. Finally, you can use the volume of the solution to calculate the molarity of the solution using the following formula:
Molarity = number of moles / volume
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions.
when heat is transferred from the system to the surroundings, the amount of energy that is dispersed is greater when the temperature is low. which of the following reflect this relationship (at constant pressure)?
The following figures demonstrate this relationship (under pressure constant): = ΔSsurr = - ΔHsys/T, ΔSsurr = - qsys/T.
How much energy is released when heat is transported from a system to its surroundings?In this temperature range, the reaction is not spontaneous.When Suniv = 0, a system exists in a certain state.The quantity of energy that is distributed when heat is transmitted from of the system to a surroundings is greater whenever the temperature is lower.
What quantity provides a gauge of how distributed or dispersed the energy of a system is?Entropy is defined as the quantity that quantifies how evenly all of a system's energy will be distributed throughout all possible microstates at any given time.
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