No, Observation of anatomical similarities should not be used alone to group organisms, and DNA and/or amino acid comparisons should also be taken into account when establishing evolutionary relationships. Molecular biology, especially DNA and protein sequence analysis, are considered to be the most effective methods for establishing evolutionary relationships.
DNA and amino acid comparisons, on the other hand, provide information about the genetic makeup and molecular structure of organisms, which can be used to infer evolutionary relationships. For example, the more similar the DNA sequences of two organisms are, the more closely related they are likely to be. Similarly, the more similar the amino acid sequences of proteins in two organisms are, the more closely related they are likely to be.
A combination of anatomical, DNA and amino acid comparisons can provide a more comprehensive understanding of evolutionary relationships among organisms. However, molecular biology, especially DNA and protein sequence analysis, have become the most powerful and accurate method for determining evolutionary relationships. The reason for this is that these molecular data are passed down from one generation to another and are less subject to change than morphological features. This allows for a more direct comparison of evolutionary relationships, particularly at the level of phylogeny.
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If an athlete were using illegal growth hormones to increase his or her muscle growth, he or she would be trying to make changes to his or her:
If an athlete were using illegal growth hormones to increase his or her muscle growth, he or she would be trying to make changes to his or her endocrine system.
A intricate system of glands and organs makes up the endocrine system. Your body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood are all regulated and coordinated by hormones. The following elements make up the endocrine system: Hypothalamus. An growth organ that produces hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream and travel to tissues and organs throughout the body.endocrine system regulate many bodily functions, including growth and development, metabolism, and fertility.
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6. Give an example to illustrate how scientists can better understand a complex system by
studying its smaller component parts.
HELP ME PLS ION UNDERSTAND THIS
An example of how scientists can better understand a complex system by studying its smaller component parts is looking at how cells work.
What are Cells?
Cells basically are the basic building blocks of all living things. They are the smallest units of life, and they make up all organisms, from single-celled bacteria to complex plants and animals. Cells are made up of many different parts, including a nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoplasm. Cells are able to reproduce, grow, and specialize to form the various tissues and organs of the body.
They are the basic building blocks of all living things, and understanding how cells work can help scientists better understand how the body and its systems work as a whole. By studying the components of cells such as proteins, DNA, and organelles, scientists can gain insight into how the complex functions of the body operate, and how diseases such as cancer may be caused or treated.
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What will happen to enzyme if active site loses its shape?
The substrate's affinity for binding will decline, causing the enzyme to either complete the reaction at a slower rate than usual or not at all, depending on how much the active site has changed.
Proteins known as enzymes serve as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions. Substrates are the substances that interact with enzymes, and the enzyme changes the substrates into products, which are other molecules. Enzyme catalysis is required for the bulk of cellular metabolic processes to proceed at speeds quick enough to support life. An enzyme is required for each step in the catalysis of metabolic processes. It is acknowledged in the fields of pseudoenzyme analysis, enzymeology, and the study of enzymes that some enzymes have evolved without the capacity to perform biological catalysis. Their strange "pseudocatalytic" abilities and amino acid sequences often reflect this.
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If a large amount of lactate is being produced, what is the best conclusion that you can make about the rate (how fast) and amount (magnitude) of energy needed
Lactate production increase when the energy (ATP) needed is high but oxygen levels are low. To fulfill this demand, the rate of lactic acid metabolism must be increased as well.
Lactic acid metabolismLactate as waste is the product of fermentation or anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration is categorized into alcoholic metabolism and lactic acid metabolism.
Lactic acid metabolism itself is the metabolic process that produces a little energy. In this metabolism, besides yield 2 ATP also produces lactate per glucose. The process happens in muscle cells as not being supplied with enough oxygen. Times when our body's oxygen level might drop is during intense exercise, whereas, at this condition the demand for ATP is increased.
Thus, to fulfill a lot of energy (ATP) needed, particularly as exercising, the rate of lactic acid metabolism must do faster although it could cause lactate production will also increase.
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What do the numbers on a pedigree mean?
The number on a pedigree mean the number at which the offspring is produced.
The numbers on a pedigree are used to represent the birth order of individuals within the family. Within each generation, people are numbered from left to right with Arabic numerals. Siblings are usually listed by age, with the oldest on the left. Additionally, Roman numerals are used to denote each generation in the family.
The pedigree is used extensively in genetics to track family history of disease in the offspring that are expected. The pedigree analysis serve as a tool in genetics for preparing genetic models to study disease transmission in families. And thus is a vital tool in classical genetics.
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HURRY I NEED HELP PLEASE
What does the dead bird represent in Trifles?
The canary represents Minnie Foster, the charming, fluttery youngster who was converted into the lonely, melancholy Mrs. Wright after years of neglect and emotional abuse at the hands of her husband.
Susan Glaspell's Trifles is a one-act drama. On August 8, 1916, the Provincetown Players staged it at the Wharf Theatre in Provincetown, Massachusetts. Glaspell portrayed Mrs. Hale in the original production. The drama is regularly anthologized in textbooks of American literature. The play, written during the first wave feminist movement, contrasts how women act in public and in private, as well as how they perform in front of other women vs males.
Through the absence of its main character, Mrs. Wright, Trifles addresses the issue of identity. Glaspell reveals how a person's identity is "just as much created as innate" by leaving this figure off stage. Mrs. Wright can only be perceived by the audience via the lens of the on-stage characters as they review and debate her personal life and alleged crime, and these characters may not all perceive Mrs. Wright in the same way. The spectator gets a well-rounded image of Mrs. Wright and how her identity is flexible and evolves based on the preconceptions of the other characters from the group in the farmhouse.
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How might a hole between the ide of the heart affect the functioning of the cardiovacular ytem ?
The hole allows oxygen-rich blood to return to the lungs rather of leaving them to the rest of the body. Blood with and without oxygen now blend together.
The blood pressure within the arteries that supply the lungs may rise if the pulmonary valve defect is significant. To pump blood, the heart thus has to exert more effort. The hole increases that volume of blood passing through the lungs, which over time might harm the blood vessels there. Adult issues, such as excessive blood pressure with in lungs as well as heart failure, may result from damage to the blood veins in the lungs. The left side of the heart may pump too hard and the lungs may get overfilled with blood from a significant atrial septal defect. The left side of the heart ultimately enlarges and weakens if untreated. Pulmonary hypertension can also develop as a result of elevated blood tension in the arteries that supply the lungs.
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What is Stage 2 of the Calvin cycle?
Reduction is Stage 2 of the Calvin cycle.
The 3-PGA molecules are changed into molecules of the three-carbon sugar glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the second phase by the utilisation of ATP and NADPH (G3P). The name of the stage comes from the three-carbon intermediate that NADPH lowers or donates electrons to in order to generate G3P.
Carbon dioxide and hydrogen carrier molecules are converted into glucose through a sequence of chemical reactions known as the Calvin cycle. It is also known as the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, the dark processes, the light-independent reactions, and the biosynthetic phase. Reduction. It relates to Calvin's cycle's second stage. 3-PGA molecules are changed into glucose molecules, which are simple sugar molecules, by carbon fixation. ATP and NADPH produced during the photosynthetic processes that depend on light power this step.
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What are silent mutations called?
Silent mutations are also known as missense mutation.
In general, Nucleotide substitutions may lead to no change in the protein sequence which known as silent mutations. so , we can say that a silent mutation is a mutation that occurs within the DNA sequence, but they do not alter the amino acid sequence. These mutations takes place when in an introns, that is spliced before translation.
Hence, example may include Single nucleotide substitutions they are not involved in changing any of the amino acid sequence so termed as silent polymorphisms. Mutation in these base pair will also not change the function of the protein.
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Notice the two possible arrangements of chromo-somes in late prophase I. Considering what you know about DNA replication and meiosis, is either arrangement equally likely during the formation of tetrads in late prophase I
Yes, both arrangements of chromosomes in late prophase I are equally likely during the formation of tetrads. This is because, during meiosis, the homologous chromosomes replicate and then line up in pairs, known as tetrads.
During this process, the chromosomes can line up in any order, as long as the homologous chromosomes are paired together. Since the two arrangements of chromosomes in late prophase I consist of homologous chromosomes, they are both equally likely during the formation of tetrads.
Furthermore, during meiosis, the homologous chromosomes randomly separate and move to opposite sides of the cell in anaphase I, so the order of the chromosomes in late prophase I will not affect the outcome of meiosis.
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Which of the following is true about the fate of fatty acids after their absorption?
Select one:
a. Fatty acids of 16 or more carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the portal vein.
b. Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the lymphatic system packaged in chylomicrons.
c. Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the portal vein.
d. Fatty acids of 16 or more carbons enter the lymphatic system directly and then enter the blood via the aorta.
The correct answer to the question is b. Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the lymphatic system packaged in chylomicrons.
After absorption, fatty acids are taken up by the lymphatic system and transported in the form of chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are lipoproteins composed of lipids, proteins and other substances, and are the largest form of lipoproteins.
Chylomicrons are mainly composed of triglycerides and cholesterol esters, and are responsible for the transport of fatty acids from the small intestine to the rest of the body. These chylomicrons contain fatty acids of less than 12 carbons, which are then transported throughout the body via the lymphatic system.
Once the fatty acids reach the liver, they are either metabolized or stored as fats. In order to enter the blood, fatty acids of 16 or more carbons must be packaged in lipoproteins, such as very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). These VLDLs are then transported to the liver via the portal vein.
In summary, fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the lymphatic system packaged in chylomicrons, while fatty acids of 16 or more carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the portal vein.
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What causes genetic variation in a population environmental changes?
Mutations, the changes in the sequences of genes in DNA, are one source of genetic variation in a population environmental changes.
Gene flow, or the transfer of genes between several groups of organisms, is another source. The development of new gene combinations through sexual reproduction can also result in genetic variety.
Genetic variation is the variance in DNA sequences among members of a population. Germ cells, such as sperm and eggs, as well as somatic (all other) cells, are subject to variation.
Gene variants, sometimes known as mutations, can cause genetic differences, or a normal process in which genetic information is rearranged as a cell prepares to divide can also cause genetic variations (known as genetic recombination). Different phenotypes can be introduced into an organism by genetic changes that change gene activity or protein function.
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Synthesize In your own words, explain the effect of sea otters on kelp forests, and what
Estes's findings suggest about managing predator-pray relationships in local environments.
A kelp forest can be safeguarded by the presence of sea otters. They consume a lot of sea urchins, which controls their population and keeps the kelp forest from being destroyed. One of the foundational species of the coastal ecology is the sea otter.
What Are sea otters?Marine animals known as sea otters (Enhydra lutris) live along the coasts of the Aleutian Islands and North America's mainland up to Mexico.. Fish, sea urchins, mollusks, and crustaceans make up the majority of sea otters' diets. Sea otters are keystone species is one that has a significant, calming effect on the entire ecological community.
Sea otters are a keystone species that keeps kelp forest ecosystems in a healthy balance in addition to regulating populations of ravenous kelp grazers.To prevent floating away in the churning sea while they sleep, sea otters prefer to anchor in kelp or large seaweed. To keep each other company, they share this quality. They stick within the group as a result to keep from vanishing into the distance.It's thought that sea otters contributed to the preservation of kelp forests. This reduces the degradation of the kelp forest and helps control the population in addition to eating a lot of sea urchins. A keystone species, sea otters are crucial to the ecosystem of the coastal region.Sea otters, a form of plankton, can put pressure on sea urchins by consuming and grazing on them. Because sea urchins are grazers of kelp and are a species of plankton, sea otters can consume them and graze on them. As kelp is subjected to less grazing pressure due to the decreased urchin density, kelp forests can grow in the presence of sea otters.Kelp forestsA versatile sea vegetable, kelp can be eaten raw, cooked, or as a component of several supplements. Sushi, salads, sauces, and other dishes must all have kelp. Particularly sea otters are essential to the health of kelp forests, which are essential to the health of the bay. Sea urchins, which may completely devastate kelp beds without them, instead eat the stripes of huge kelp plants, which are not consumed by sea otters.
The Significance Of Sea Otters In Alaska’s Kelp ForestsSea otters play a key part in the kelp forests around the coast of Alaska. More than 20 distinct species of fish live in kelp forests, which also serve as spawning and breeding grounds for herring, atka mackerel, and salmon fry nurseries. Sea otters contribute to the energy flow between the ocean and kelp forest. Sea otters feed on kelp forests because they are dense, which opens up the canopy to let sunlight reach the floor and feed herbivores. Because sea otters graze on urchins, a primary pest in kelp forests, the urchin population is impacted, which harms the canopy of kelp forests.
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you will think/search about different cultural practices in other country/place based on the given element.
• BELIEFS
•AESTHETIC
•EDUCATION
• RELIGION
• MATERIAL CULTURE
EXAMPLE: BELIEFS - spitting is a way of saying hello of Maasai tribe in Kenya.
BELIEFS: In Japan, it is believed that folding 1000 paper cranes can grant a person a wish.
• AESTHETIC: In the Himba tribe of Namibia, women cover their skin with a mixture of butterfat and ochre to enhance their beauty and protect their skin from the sun.
• EDUCATION: In some parts of India, the Guru-shishya tradition is still practiced, where a student lives with and learns from a Guru (teacher) in a specific field, such as music or martial arts.
• RELIGION: In Bali, Indonesia, daily offerings and prayers are made to the gods and ancestors, often including small intricate woven baskets filled with rice, flowers, and other items.
• MATERIAL CULTURE: In the Inuit community of the Arctic, igloos were traditionally made as temporary shelters out of snow and ice blocks.
What is the cultural practices?Culture in the above sense refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society. It encompasses various aspects of human society, including beliefs and traditions, language, religion, art and aesthetics, education, and material culture.
Culture can be defined as a way of life of a particular group of people and is passed down from generation to generation through socialization.
In the examples provided above, different cultural practices are discussed in relation to the given elements such as beliefs, aesthetic, education, religion and material culture. For example, the practice of folding 1000 paper cranes in Japan is a cultural belief that is passed down through generations.
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What happens when CO2 increases in the ocean?
More carbon dioxide is evaporating into the ocean as a result of human-driven increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Currently, the ocean has an average pH of 8.1, which is basic (or alkaline), but when more CO2 is absorbed, the pH drops and the ocean becoming more acidic.
Ocean acidificationCarbon dioxide dissolves in seawater as it reaches the ocean. It first creates carbonic acid. The carbonic acid then "dissociates," or separates, into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. Ocean acidification is caused by an increase in hydrogen ion concentration and a decrease in carbonate ions as a result of increasing CO2 absorption.
Carbonate ions are necessary for the growth of the shells and thriving of clams, mussels, crabs, corals, and other marine life.
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Write a claim evidence and reasoning on Do trees change the composition of the atmosphere around us?
Answer:
Claim: Trees change the composition of the atmosphere around us.
Evidence: Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis and release oxygen back into the air. This process helps to regulate the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere and can affect the overall composition of the air.
Reasoning: Photosynthesis is a fundamental process that occurs in plants, including trees. During photosynthesis, trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and use it, along with sunlight and water, to produce energy and grow. As a byproduct of this process, trees release oxygen back into the air. This exchange of gases between trees and the atmosphere helps to regulate the concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air and can affect the overall composition of the atmosphere. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that trees do change the composition of the atmosphere around us.
A tumor in a male patient is preventing the anterior pituitary from secreting LH. What effect will this have on his sperm production
Answer:
He will have a decreased amount of testosterone and in turn a reduction in sperm production.
Find the edge length of the cube. (The density of copper is 8. 96 g/cm3, and the volume of a cube is equal to the edge length cubed. )
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
As a result, its edge length is 2.13 cm (because copper has a density of 8.96 g/cm3 and a cube's volume is equal to a edge length cubed).
(Cubic volume equals (edge length)3, and copper density equals 8.96 g/cm3) Tip: Mass is equal to the product of volume and density.From of the question, we may deduce that copper has a density of 8.96 g/cm3 and a volume of 2.62 cm3 for the piece of copper.A cube's volume is equal to its length, breadth, and height. However, because it is a cube, the length, breadth, & height all are equal and correspond to one of the cube's edges. Therefore, just find a cube root of a volume to get the length of a cube's edge.
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What was Mendel's hypothesis?
Mendel proposed that allele pairs randomly segregate from one another when the gametes are being produced in the seed plant (egg cell) and pollen plant (sperm). A sperm or an egg only contains one copy of each allele for each inherited characteristic because allele pairs split apart during gamete development.
Mendel's idea proposed that genes arrive in pairs and are inherited from each parent as independent entities. Mendel observed how parental genes separated and if they showed up as dominant or recessive features in children. He discovered patterns of heredity passed down mathematically from one generation to the next.
He put up the particle inheritance idea as a substitute theory. The inherited phenotypes, according to his prediction, do not converge across generations. Instead, he proposed that the progeny get distinct "particles."
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How did black Monday affect the direction of Wilkins career
Answer:
Bombing of Hiroshima
Explanation:
This made him want to study the science of life
Which female reproductive disorder is characterized by abdominal pain, and excessive menstrual bleeding that can lead to permanent damage of the reproductive organs and sterility?
A. Amenorrhea
B. Endometriosis
C. Salpingitis
D. Vaginitis
Abdominal pain and heavy menstrual bleeding that can permanently harm the reproductive organs and cause sterility are two symptoms of the female reproductive disorder endometriosis.
The growth of tissue that resembles the endometrium outside the uterus constitutes endometriosis. The continuous inflammatory response it causes may cause the pelvis and other regions of the body to form scar tissue (adhesions, fibrosis). Endometriosis can lead to infertility. Infertility may come from endometriosis's potential effects on the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic cavity. There is only a weak correlation between endometrial lesion size and the intensity or duration of symptoms; some persons experience very mild symptoms despite having observably large lesions, while others experience severe symptoms despite having few lesions.
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proteus mirabilis produces the enzyme urease which converts urea into ammonia. explain why patients with UTI caused by proteus mirabilis would have a higher-than-normal urine ph
The enzyme urease, produced by Proteus mirabilis, catalyzes the conversion of urea into ammonia. Ammonia is a base and therefore increases the pH of urine.
Urine pH normally ranges from 4.5 to 8.0, with a healthy urine pH usually ranging between 6.0 and 7.5. When present in the urinary tract, Proteus mirabilis increases the pH of urine to above 7.5 due to the production of urease. This elevated pH environment is more favorable for the growth and survival of the bacteria, allowing it to colonize and cause a urinary tract infection (UTI). As a result, patients with UTIs caused by Proteus mirabilis are likely to have a higher-than-normal urine pH.
Additionally, due to the production of urease, the urine of patients with Proteus mirabilis-caused UTI may show an alkaline reaction on a reagent strip.
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Describe the process in eukaryotes that ensures that the number or chromosomes will not aouble from
parent to orspring wen gametes ruse auring fertilization
Answer:
The process in eukaryotes that ensures that the number of chromosomes will not double from parent to offspring when gametes fuse during fertilization is called meiosis. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half through a process of cell division. This process is known as meiotic division and involves two rounds of cell division. During the first round, homologous chromosomes are separated from each other and during the second round, sister chromatids are separated from each other. This ensures that each gamete only contains one copy of each chromosome, thus preventing the number of chromosomes from doubling when the two gametes fuse during fertilization.
Explanation:
A blood vessel adapted to withstand a high pulse pressure would be expected to have which of the following
An expected characteristic of a blood vessel designed to withstand a high pulse pressure is elastic tunica media. Histamine is most likely to result in a sharp drop in blood pressure.
Which of the following categories of blood vessels has a high blood pressure that pulses?Due to their direct connection to the heart's ventricle, the blood pressure is highest in the large arteries (like the aorta). There is a decrease in blood pressure as the blood vessel splits from the small arteries and into the arterioles.
Blood pressure can rise even more as a result of stress-related behaviours like eating more, smoking, or drinking. certain long-term conditions. High blood pressure can result from a number of illnesses, including kidney disease, diabetes, and sleep apnea.
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Why are snails mollusks and not insects?
Snails belong to the phylum Mollusca and are not insects because their characteristics are similar to that of the Mollusca like present of calcareous shell on the outside and a soft body on the inside.
Snails are the organisms of the phylum Mollusca. They are small creatures recognized by the presence of a spirally coiled shell on the outside. They can be present on land as well as on the aquatic environment.
Mollusca is the second largest phylum of invertebrates in the Animal kingdom. The majority of its organisms are aquatic habitants. The presence of a calcareous shell is a key feature of the phylum. The example of some organisms is oysters, clams, etc.
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According to the March, 1998 Executive Summary from the Office of the Chief Scientist at NOAA, what are the Earth's last unexplored frontiers?
Option c is Correct. The oceans are the final uncharted territory on earth, according to the executive summary from the office of the chief scientist at NOAA from March 1998.
Nearly the whole surface of our planet has been explored by humans. Each desert has been traversed by humans. We have traversed almost every peak, as well as the skies and even the universe beyond.
We still haven't made much progress in exploring our waters despite all of this. Over 80% of the oceans on Earth have not yet been fully mapped out. This is caused in part by the size of the oceans on Earth, but primarily by the intense pressure and darkness you experience when trying to explore the ocean's depths.
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Correct Question:
According to the march 1998 executive summary fron the office of the chief scientist at NOAA what are the earths last unexplored frontiers?
A) atmospheric layers
B) mountains
C) oceans
D) deserts
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What is the chemical symbol for the element sodium?
The chemical symbol for the element sodium is referred to as Na.
What is a Chemical symbol?This is referred to as the abbreviation which is used in chemistry for chemical elements, functional groups and other types of chemical compounds.
They are derived or gotten from one or two letters from the Latin alphabet and is usually written with the first letter being in capital form. It is a very important aspect in the representation of elements in a chemical reaction or equation.
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11 and is an alkali metal, because it is in group 1 of the periodic table. The latin name is Natrium which is therefore the reason why Na which is the first two letters with the first in capital form is regarded as the chemical symbol.
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Answer:
the chemical symbol of the element sodium is Na
When an individual's genotype has one normal allele and one mutant allele for a recessive phenotype (and hence, doesn't express the mutant phenotype), they are known as _____. sex-linked codominance incomplete dominanance carriers
Sex-related disorders are handed down through generations via the X or Y chromosome. The X and Y chromosomes are sex chromosomes. A heterozygous genotype is defined as an organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele.
Dominant inheritance occurs when one parent's defective gene causes disease while the corresponding gene from the other parent is normal. The aberrant gene takes precedence.
However, in recessive inheritance, both matching genes must be faulty for illness to occur. If only one of the two genes is faulty, the illness does not arise or is mild. A carrier is someone who has one faulty gene but no symptoms. Carriers' offspring may inherit faulty genes.
Most commonly, the term "sex-linked recessive" refers to X-linked recessive.
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Does massage loosen tight muscles?
Yes, massage can lossen tight muscle.
In general ,Massage will help in relaxation of tight muscles, by separating and loosening muscles fiber. Muscles that are elongated and stretched after message can releases tension which helps in easy movement.
Hence, the most common types of massage that should be advised for relieving tight muscles comprises of deep tissue massage and remedial massage. Out of which Deep tissue massage are used for relieving tight muscle by treating the inner most or deeper layers of muscle and fascia. Some times Stretching and applying hot and cold pack in alternating manner can also helps in loosening of tight muscle.
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