Distinguish between dual federalism and cooperative federalism. Explain.

In your view, which of these two types of federalism is best for urban governments? -- Why?

Institutions are man-made rules and conventions that affect and control individual behavior. All definitions of institutions imply a certain level of durability and continuity.

An institution is a well-established organization founded on religion or social belief that is guided by a people's conduct and way of life. An institution is permanent, has a set of norms, and does not cease with the death of an individual. Institutions include laws, regulations, social customs, and norms.

Institutions also serve a crucial redistributive function in the economy, ensuring that resources are allocated effectively and that the poor or those with fewer economic resources are safeguarded. They also foster trust by establishing enforcement and justice systems that follow a uniform set of laws.

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Answer:

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Explanation:

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The best option is false according to cultural relativism as what conditions that might be life threating in one culture might be right and acceptable in some other culture

The concept of "cultural relativism" holds that each individual's values, knowledge, and conduct must be understood in the context of their own culture. As it acknowledges and affirms the linkages between the larger social structure and trends and the ordinary lives of individual people, this is one of the most essential sociological ideas.

By accepting cultural relativism, we may acknowledge how our society affects our perceptions of what is attractive, repulsive, virtuous, amusing, and offensive. It influences our perceptions of what constitutes good and terrible literature, music, and cinema, as well as tasteful and garish consumer goods.

Hence, this varies not only in terms of national cultures but also within a big society like the United States, as well as by cultures and subcultures structured by class, race, sexual orientation, area, religion, and ethnicity, among other factors.

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To get Duncan's loan amount of $11,460, multiply $12,000 by the tax rate, which is 960. The total is therefore 12,960 plus the additional $500 in fees for a total of 13,460. The final step is to multiply 13,460 by 2,000.

Tax calculation methods.

Add the tax rate to the cost of your good or service. If the tax rate is expressed as a percentage, convert it to decimal form by dividing it by 100. Then multiply this number using the formula below.

For the purchase of various goods within a nation, there are several tax rates. Additionally, taxes on the same product vary according to country. The government may choose to exempt some goods from paying sales tax. One of the various indirect taxes that a government levies on its people is the sales tax.

P is the marked or printed price of a good, r% is the sales tax rate, and S is the selling price (the amount a consumer must pay), then

Sales tax = S-P = Pr100 and S = P(1 + r100).

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Option C. One result of the Vedic caste system was that C. people had few opportunities to improve their lives

The classification scheme, The Vedic society used a system called Varna to classify people into four groups: Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (skilled traders, merchants), and Shudras (unskilled workers).

The caste system is also mentioned in the Vedas, the four primary Hindu scriptures. Many Hindu apologists argue that the caste system is not inherited but rather is based on human nature, and that writings like the Manusmriti were introduced into Hinduism later by Brahaminical kings.

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The Hammurabi code of laws, which consists of 282 regulations, established standards for economic transactions and specified fines and penalties to meet the needs of justice.

The Babylonian monarch Hammurabi, who ruled from 1792 to 1750 B.C., established the Code of Hammurabi, one of the first and most comprehensive written law systems.

Along the Euphrates River, Hammurabi developed the city-state of Babylon to encompass all of southern Mesopotamia.

The 282 rules that make up the Hammurabi code of laws established norms for business dealings and defined fines and penalties to satisfy the demands of justice. A large, finger-shaped black stone stele (pillar) with Hammurabi's Code inscribed on it was plundered by invaders and only recently found in 1901.

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If Vivaan is asked to describe his status. The item  that would MOST likely represent his ascribed status is:  A. an Indian.

Vivaan  whose full name is Vivaan shah who a popular actor who originated from indian. He was born in the year 1990.

Vivaan has features in several movies such as Happy New Year which was produced in the year 2014 as well as  Laali Ki Shaadi Mein whixh was produced in the year 2017 among others.

Therefore the correct option is A.

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The numbers of immigrants who entered the United States during the industrial age was in the: C.  million.

Immigrant can be defined as the people who left their country to another country so as to search for greener pastures or employment opportunity.

The industrial age was the period in which the United states of America experience economy growth due to more industries or due to expansion of more industries leading more employment opportunities for people.

Therefore the correct option is C.

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The sentence that is the example of bias is - "He decides to pick Jerry, who is also a white male, for the project".

Bias is the proclivity to favor one person or thing over another and to favor that person or thing. Bias against women pervades all levels of the legal system.

According to the given scenario, John is the project head and the boss of the six employees, who has to choose another employee for the new project. The choices of the employee  because of his physical appearance, which his bias behavior at workplace.

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An example of cultural relativism is when Helena put aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying. The Option B is correct.

In sociology, a cultural relativism refers to an idea that a person's beliefs and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture. The proponents of cultural relativism tend to argue that the norms and values of one culture should not be evaluated using the norms and values of another.

This idea is important as, its helps to understand a culture on its own terms and not to make judgments using the standards of one's own culture.

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Leondra is exhibiting a fixed mindset.

Intelligence, abilities, and talents are viewed as learnable and capable of improvement via effort by someone with a growth mindset. A fixed mindset, on the other hand, regards those same characteristics as intrinsically stable and unchanging across time.

Those with a fixed mindset feel that their intrinsic nature determines whether they are excellent or poor at anything. Someone with a fixed attitude, for example, can declare, "I'm a natural born soccer player" or "I'm just no good at soccer," feeling that their athletic abilities cannot be enhanced.

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Melinda little obtained single- payment loan interest owed = $329.27

A single- payment loan is refunded with a single payment after a specified period of time. An illustration of a single- payment loan is a promissory note. The maturity worth of a loan is the complete quantity you repay. This includes the measure you took on, or principal, and the interest owed.

Exact Interest Owed = Principal x Rate x Time (# of days ÷ 365 days)

Maturity Value = Principal + Interest Owed

Exact Interest = $325 (0.1575)( 30 /365)

                                       = $ 4.273

Maturity value= $325  + $ 4.273

                               = $ 329.27

The interest owed on a single - payment loan = $329 .27

Option A is correct .

Interest owed represents the dollar measure needed to pay the interest expense of a loan for the payment period. When a borrower takes out a loan from a bank, the loan must be compensated back in yearly payments or installations until the debt is delighted.

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Girls had been knowledgeable withinside the domestic and the only “well-knowledgeable” ladies had been skilled as “hetarae” which had been like Greek geishas.

The required details about Athenian Education is mentioned in below paragraph.

Girls had been knowledgeable withinside the domestic and the only “well-knowledgeable” ladies had been skilled as “hetarae” which had been like Greek geishas. Boys had been an awful lot extra knowledgeable than girls.They had bodily training in which they discovered sports activities and gymnastics.The number one motive of Athenian training was to supply thinkers, humans well-skilled in arts and sciences, humans organized for peace or war. Young Athenian boys had been tutored at domestic till the age of six or seven, after which they had been despatched to community faculties for number one training till they had been 14 years of age.

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According to festinger's minimal justification hypothesis, the best way to affect long-term attitudinal change is to persuade your subjects to change their behavior and their attitudes will follow.

Thus, attitude change occurs when individuals experience emotions of unease or guilt as a result of cognitive dissonance and actively minimize the dissonance by altering their attitude, beliefs, or behavior in relation to the contradictory cognitions.

Attitude Change Learning Theory:Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning may all be employed to effect attitude change.

By connecting pleasant sensations with the target item, classical conditioning may be used to elicit favorable emotional responses to an object, person, or event.

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Relocation hypothesis recommends that individuals previously arrived at the Americas by means of water travel, following shorelines from upper east Asia into the Americas, initially proposed in 1979 by Knute Fladmark as an option in contrast to the speculative movement through a sans ice inland hall.

    2.  Spanish and French explorers claim parts of the “new world” known as to be known as conquistadores.

Conquistadores is basically a forerunner in the Spanish triumph of America and particularly of Mexico and Peru in the sixteenth 100 years.

   3. Presidio System is the system in which Spanish builds missions and presidios to change the culture of natives.

   4. Texas Revolution is the Mexico wins independence and allows Anglo colonization of Texas.

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Which statement best depicts how the hindbrain makes all of its "decisions," all of which are automatic and need no thought

An autonomic nervous system controls vital bodily functions like blood pressure and respiratory rate. Without a person's deliberate awareness, this system operates automatically (autonomously). Any body part or physiological process can be impacted by autonomic nervous system disorders.

The flight or fight reaction, which is triggered by anxiety, can manifest as a variety of physiological (& generally unpleasant) physical symptoms, such as panic attacks, a rapid heartbeat, pulses, shallow breathing, briefness of breath, difficulty breathing or tightness, sweating.

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In a case whereby Bird building a nest for its young is a reproductive strategy. Based on this example, what I think the term “reproductive strategy” means is the protection of the offsprings.

A reproductive strategy  can be decribed as the strategy that can be used by the organism whereby the organism exhibit some behaviors that can help to  ensures reproduction or protects its offspring from harm.

For every organism to keep existing it should be noted that the act of reproduction must be checked because without reproduction then the organism will go into extinction.

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Explanation:

Gender refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially constructed. This includes norms, behaviours and roles associated with being a woman, man, girl or boy, as well as relationships with each other. As a social construct, gender varies from society to society and can change over time.

The term "gender" is used to refer to "the socially constructed characteristics of women and men, such as norms, roles, and connections of and between groups of women and men."

Gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics of men, women, girls, and boys. The ideals, habits, and roles that come with being a woman, man, girl, or boy are all covered here, along with interpersonal relationships. A social construct called gender can change through time and varies from culture to culture. Biological and physiological distinctions between males and females, such as those in their reproductive systems, chromosomes, hormones, etc., are referred to as "sex." The term "gender" is used to refer to "the socially constructed characteristics of women and men, such as norms, roles, and connections of and between groups of women and men."

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Seven colonies attended the Albany congress because the colonies were not united, and despite being their enemy, the Americans sold food to the French this created discontent leading.

Because Great Britain increased taxes on the colonies during the French and Indian War, there were widespread protests and boycotts of British goods as a result.

Radical Patriots took control of the provincial government when unrest erupted in 1775, driving many Loyalists from the province. A number of significant raids into British-controlled Florida were also staged in Georgia.

Discontent in the American population was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers' theories as well as a number of British government policies and taxes after the French and Indian War (1754–1763).

The question is incomplete, the complete question is here:

Which TWO explain how the French and Indian War created some of the discontent leading to the Revolutionary War in Georgia?

A Georgians disproportionately served in the war and felt that they were not given fair treatment by the British after the war ended.

B Georgians were angered by the British troops that were stationed in the colony after the victory over the French and Muscogee.

C The limitations placed on European settlement ultimately angered some Georgians who wanted to settle past the Mississippi.

D Georgian colonists were afraid that the British were not doing enough to make sure that the French could not return to North America and continue the war.

E The defeat of the Muscogee Nation left them angry over continuing Georgian settlement into their territory, and the fact that the British sided with

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Deaf culture refers to the value of the deaf Community.

A group of people who are Deaf and use American Sign Language to communicate are often born-deaf (ASL). The Deaf people's deafness and their language both define and bind their society.

This Deaf community views its members as the norm in terms of who they are, who they identify as, and how they see the world. They think that rather than being a condition that confines them to a world of quiet, deafness allows them to join a community with its own rich history, language, and value system.

The correct answer is option B.

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The legend of  Isis and Osiris is a conflict between good and evil is the story's theme or moral.

It is about the assassination of the Egyptian god Osiris and the consequences of his death. Osiris' murderer, his brother Set, seizes the throne. Isis, the wife of Osiris, revives her husband's body in the meantime, enabling him to conceive their son Horus after his death.

Isis performed a great feat of magic with the assistance of Nepthys, Thoth, and Anubis. They began carefully sewing Osiris's body back together. They worked together every night. When the body was restored, they wrapped it in linen strips from head to toe, creating a mummy.

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The Pequot war between the English colonists and the Pequot peoples began when there was a struggle between the parties to take over the trade controls.

The Pequot War is highly remembered and revered as an event that took place during the seventeenth century. The war was initiated by the Pequot peoples in order to maintain their economic supremacy in the society.  

By the virtue of this war, the English colonists got involved in a struggle with Pequot peoples with an intention to take over the controls of the trading activities in the societies.

Therefore, the significance regarding the Pequot War has been aforementioned.

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The presence of many bystanders at the scene of an emergency increases the likelihood that any individual bystander will fail to interpret the incident as an emergency.

According to research, when there are other people around, people are less inclined to step in and help someone who is in need. The Bystander Effect is the name for this. With more people present, there is a lower chance that someone will get assistance.The bystander effect is exacerbated by the spreading of blame. If there are multiple others there, one does not feel as responsible for assisting someone because the obligation is shared by everyone.According to research, when there are other people around, people are less inclined to step in and help someone who is in need. The Bystander Effect is the name for this. With more people present, there is a lower chance that someone will get assistance.

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Answer: b

Explanation: Ideology and propaganda are vital to the ways in which totalitarians dominate and control society at a mass-scale. Think Stalin (Soviet Union), Hitler (Nazi Germany), and the Kim family (North Korea). All three used/use heavy propaganda and enforced ideology to subjugate the population and every aspect of life.

From the surface of lakes, oceans, and other bodies of water, freshwater first appears as water vapour. This vapour becomes "fresh" when it rises, leaving salts and other pollutants behind.

The water vapour gathers in floating clouds, which finally let the water fall as rain or snow back to Earth. Freshwater enters the ground through precipitation, travels across a region known as the watershed, and eventually collects in lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and wetlands. However, freshwater is also present in less conspicuous locations.

Aquifers that are filled with groundwater are created when more than half of the freshwater on our planet seeps through the soil and between the rocks. The depth at which wells are dug to supply cities and residences with freshwater is known as the water table, which is located at the top of an aquifer.

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Answer:

Greece's steep mountains and surrounding seas forced Greeks to settle in isolated communities. Travel by land was hard, and sea voyages were hazardous. Most ancient Greeks farmed, but good land and water were scarce. They grew grapes and olives, and raised sheep, goats, pigs, and chickens.

Explanation:

Answer:

i some country,climatic variations are wide between different parts of the country and, thus, the patterns of clothing or garments are also different. For example, the eastern, southern and western zone climates are similar and can be recognized as hot-humid tropics. Garments with a loose covering of the body are the special features of these zones and this type of garment is essential for air movement across the clothing worn. Northern zone people usually wear a long type of dress, such as the pyjama or salwar

The school of social thought that insists all social structures, including systems of stratification, are built out of everyday interactions is called symbolic interactionism.

Symbolic interactionism is regarded as a sociological theory which tend to develop from a practical considerations and it also alludes to the particular effects of the communication and interaction in people in order to make images and normal implications,.

However, the school of social thought that insists that all the social structures, including systems of stratification, are considered to be built out of everyday interactions is called the symbolic interactionism.

Hence, symbolic interactionism analyzes the human social behavior.

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