Lithium and sodium lithium is more negative electron affinity and magnesium and sulfur then sulfur is more negative electron affinity and nitrogen has lower electron affinity and chlorine has more negative electron affinity
Non metal like to gain electron to form anion to have a fully stable octet and they release energy means exothermic and to gain electron to form an anion and thus electron affinity of nonmetal is higher than that of metal
Lithium and sodium that is any lithium is more negative electron affinity and this is because lithium is smaller in size in that of any right due to one share of which strong interaction between nucleus and extra electron uppers and then magnesium and sulfur are both located in the same row in the periodic table and as general rule electron affinities for main group element become more negative moving right across a period and therefore sulfur is expected to have the more negative electron affinity and nitrogen has lower electron affinity than its preceding element carbon and the chlorine atom has more negative electron affinity which means that it will release more energy when it accept more electron
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A solution was found to have a 15. 6 % transmittance at 500 nm, its wavelength of maximum absorption, using a cell with a path length of 5. 00 cm. Calculate the absorbance of the solution in a 1. 00 cm cell at 500 nm.
The correct answer is 0.16138
Solution:
Percentage transmission (%T) of the sample = 15.6
Therefore, Absorbance (A) 2 – log (%T) = 2 – log (15.6) = 0.8069
Use Beer’s law:
A = ε*c*l where ε = molar absorptivity of the solution, c = concentration of the solution, and l = path length of the solution.
Given A = 0.8069 and l = 5.00 cm, we must have
0.8069 = ε*c*(5.00 cm)
ε*c = 0.16138 cm-1
For the next part, assume that ε*c remains constant and we have
A’ = ε*c*l’ where l = 1.00 cm.
Plug in values and write
A’ = (0.16138 cm-1)*(1.00 cm) = 0.16138
The ratio of the light intensity entering the sample to the light intensity exiting the sample at a particular wavelength is defined as the transmittance. Absorption and transmission are two related and different quantities used in spectroscopy. The main difference between absorption and transmission is that absorption measures how much incident light is absorbed as it travels through the material, while transmission measures how much light is transmitted.
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What are some practical uses for metallic changes?
Some practical uses of metallic change are : electrolysis, heating of silver coin and melting.
What are some practical uses of metallic changes?Practical application of metallic change is electrolysis. Charge is conducted through metals. In electrolysis, input of energy is needed to force a nonspontaneous redox reaction.
When the silver-colored penny is heated, zinc atoms outside and copper atoms inside move around because of the heat. This results in the outer layer of zinc mix with the copper which becomes an alloy called yellow brass.
Melting is an example of a physical change. A physical change is a change to a sample of matter where some properties of the material change but the identity of the matter does not.
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Which stress would most likely cause an ecosystem to respond by succession?
Responses
water pollution
water pollution
air pollution
air pollution
volcanic eruption
volcanic eruption
urbanization
The stress that would lead to response by succession is volcanic eruption.
What is environmental stress?We define the term environmental stress as anything that tends to change the way the environment is. We know that there are several events that could change the way that the ecosystem operates as well as the kind of species that are in the ecosystem.
When there is a volcanic eruption, there is likely to be an ecological succession in which the new kinds of organisms would appear in the ecosystem as it begins to recover from the impact of the volcanic eruption.
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Benzene, a cancer-causing chemical, was recently detected in several batches of what product?.
Benzene , a cancer causing chemical was recently detected in several batches of dry shampoo products.
Cancer Causing materials are carcinogens and genetics. This can increase risk of developing cancer.Cancer is caused by changes of genes that changes the way of cell function.Some occur naturally when DNA is replicated during cell function.But some occur by the environmental exposure that damages DNA.
All substances that cause cancer are called carcinogens.According to the report of the national toxicology programme (NTP), benzene is a carcinogen,cancer causing chemical. High levels of benzene can cause cancer.High levels of benzene have been detected in several batches of dry shampoo products.Carcinogene which can cause cancer by acting with another chemical.
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A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world. What did these conditions cause?.
To learn the temperature, rapid temperature increase and adaptive radiation of euphemisms.
What is temperature?
A substance's temperature is defined as its average kinetic energy across all of its atoms or molecules. A substance's constituent particles do not all possess the same kinetic energy. The distribution of the particles' kinetic energy at any particular moment can be used to describe it.
What is adaptive radiation?
Rapid increases in the number of species sharing a common ancestor are known as "adaptive radiation," which is marked by significant ecological and morphological variety. The adaptation of organisms to novel ecological environments is the driving force behind it.
Around 55 million years ago, there was a sharp rise in global temperature, resulting in tropical conditions worldwide and the adaptive radiation of euphemisms.
Therefore, these conditions cause adaptive radiation of euphemisms.
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The interstitial fluid surrounding the proximal tubules becomes very salty, with a high osmolality due to.
The interstitial fluid surrounding the proximal tubules becomes very salty, with a high osmolality due to Na+ and water exchanging across the epithelium, with water moving into the intestinal fluid and Na+ moving into the tubules.
Proximal tubules is the coiled portion arising from the bowmans capsule. It is situated near the cortex.
The proximal convoluted tubules is formed by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. Characteristic feature of these cells is the presence of hair like projections directed towards the lumen to tubules, because of the presence of these projections, the epithelial cells are called as brush bordered cells.
Substances reabsorbed from proximal tubules are glucose, amino acids, sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonates, urea, uric acid, and water.
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if 250 ml of methane, ch4, effuses through a small hole in 28 s, the time required for the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be
To find the volume, known grahams law of diffusion.
What is grahams law of diffusion?
The rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely related to its square root of molar mass, according to Graham's Law. The majority of the time, particles in a material that are in a low-concentration area will move to a high-concentration area. When we spray scented air freshener or perfume in one area of the room and then we can smell it throughout the entire space, this process is easily illustrated. The SI unit for the diffusion coefficient is square meters per second (m2/s).
What is Volume ?
The amount of cubic space a three-dimensional object takes up (measured in inches, quarts, or centimeters): square footage.
Therefore, the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be same.
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What is the first element to have a different number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus?.
Hydrogen is the first element to have a different number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Hydrogen (H), a gaseous material that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and flammable, is the most basic chemical element. A proton with one unit of positive electrical charge and an electron with one unit of negative electrical charge make up the hydrogen atom's nucleus.
Hydrogen makes up just around 0.14 percent of the weight of the Earth's crust, despite being the most common element in the universe and three times as abundant as helium, the next most frequent element. The water in oceans, ice caps, rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere all contain significant amounts of it.
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If sodium (na) has 4 neutrons, 3 protons, and 2 electrons, which would be the correct ion symbol?.
According to electronic configuration, the correct symbol for sodium with 4 neutrons, 3 protons, and 2 electrons is Na-2.
What is electronic configuration?
The distribution of electrons in atomic or molecular orbitals within an atom or molecule is referred to as its electronic configuration. It explains how every electron in an orbital move on its own.
For understanding the period table, one needs to know about electronic configuration. It aids in comprehending the chemistry of various elements.
For an element to become stable, chemical reactions must take place. The transition elements adhere to the 18-electron rule, whereas the main group elements follow the octet rule in their electrical arrangement. Noble elements are thought to be stable because their valence shells are finished in the ground state.
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What is the formal charge on the central nitrogen atom in the most favorable lewis structure for the fulminate ion, cno–, based on minimizing formal charge overall?.
The formal charge of the central nitrogen atom of dinitrogen sulfide is +1.
Formal charge refers to the presence of electrons on an atom when absent and present in the molecule.
Lewis structure is The structural representation of a compound in which the electrons existing around the atom are represented by points is called the Lewis point structure.
Three possible Lewis structures of dinitrogen sulfide are shown below.
But the best Lewis structure of these is the first. The central nitrogen atom has a positive charge and the sulfur atom has a negative charge. The charges on these atoms are the most stable and make compounds stable.
Therefore, the central nitrogen atom has a formal charge of +1.
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what is the oxidation state of each element in mn(no3)2?
For a neutral molecule, the sum of individual oxidation states is 0. Since the oxidation states of Nitrogen and oxygen have already been found in previous steps, the oxidation state of manganese can be found by simple substitution.
Answer: The oxidation states for manganese, nitrogen and oxygen are as +2, +5 and -2 respectively.
The oxidation state, commonly known as the oxidation number, is the potential charge that an atom would have if all of its bonds to other atoms were fully ionic. It describes the degree of atom oxidation within a chemical compound. The oxidation state may be positive, negative, or zero in theory.
The oxidation state of an atom refers to the total number of electrons that have been added to (forming a negative oxidation state) or subtracted from (producing a positive oxidation state) an element to bring it to its current state.
The oxidation number of a free, neutral element is zero, according to one of these oxidation laws. The charge of a monoatomic ion is equal to the number of its oxidations. The oxidation number for Group IA elements is always 1. The oxidation number for Group IIA elements is always +2.
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a volume of 122ml of argon gas, ar, is collected at 50.0oc and 758 torr. what does this sample weigh?
Well .you know that PV= nRT.
Explanation:
..and so we access the molar quantity...
n=PVRT=758⋅Torr760⋅Torr⋅atm−1×122⋅mL×10−3⋅L⋅mL0.0821⋅L⋅atmK⋅mol⋅323.15⋅K
=4.59×10−3⋅mol... and please note that if you go thru the quotient the units cancel out to give 1mol−1=11mol= mol AS REQUIRED....
And then continuing the torture with units, we take the product...
=4.59×10−3⋅mol×39.9⋅g⋅mol−1=0.183⋅g.
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Electrons are transferred through the respiratory chain from reduced nadh or fadh2 to oxygen in small steps with each step in the pathway associated with a slightly more ________ reduction potential.
Electrons are transferred through the respiratory chain from reduced nadh or fadh2 to oxygen in small steps with each step in the pathway associated with a slightly more positive reduction potential.
What is reduction potential?
Because reduction requires electron gain, an electrode's tendency to gain electrons is referred to as its reduction potential.
The electrode potential is the equilibrium potential difference between the metal electrode and the solution around it. It is also defined as an electrode's proclivity to lose or gain electrons.
When a piece of metal is immersed in a solution of its own ions, a potential difference is formed at the metal-solution contact. The size of the potential difference measures the tendency of electrodes to oxidize or reduce, or to lose or acquire electrons.
The half cell is represented by the metal and the ion, and the reaction is half-reaction. The immersed metal is an electrode, and the potential is caused by a reaction at the electrode's interface, and the solution is known as the electrode potential. Thus, electrode potential is an electrode's proclivity to lose or absorb electrons. The reduction potential is used when the reduction occurs at the electrode.
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Chlorine gas (Cl2) reacts with solid calcium (Ca) to form solid calcium chloride (CaCl2). Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction
A balanced chemical equation for this reaction would be 1 mole of Ca reacting with 1 mole of Cl2 to produce one mole of CaCl2.
A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reactant and product side of the reaction and the total charge are the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction.
In the formation of calcium chloride reaction we can see that Calcium is reacting with chlorine molecule to form a calcium chloride molecule. From the balanced chemical reaction we can see that one mole of calcium reacts with one mole of Cl2 to form one mole of calcium chloride molecule. The reaction is given below
Ca + Cl2 ⇄ CaCl2
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What is the energy light whose wavelength is 4.06 x 10^-11 m
Answer: get frogged person
Explanation:
A mountaineer is planning an expedition. He wants to follow the easiest possible path, which means he needs to find the most gentle slope up the mountain. Which route should the mountaineer choose?
The route that the mountaineer should choose from the graph is route A.
Who is a mountaineer?The term mountaineer has to do with a person who is a specialist in the process of climbing mountains. Such a person does know the various routes around a mountain and how to get to the peak of the mountain very easily.
In this case, we have to consider the steepness of each of the paths as we can see from the graph. The steeper the mountain path that is chosen the broader it is and the easier it is for the mountaineer to climb the mountsin successfully.
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Missing parts;
A mountaineer is planning an expedition. He wants to follow the easiest possible path, which means he needs to find the most gentle slope up the mountain. Which route should the mountaineer choose?
A.Route A
B.Route B
C.Route C
D.Route D
What makes an atom radioactive? (2 points)
Its electrons are easily pulled away.
Its protons and electrons repel each other.
Its nucleus can easily break apart over time.
Its neutrons are held more strongly than its protons.
why is water sometimes a scarce resource?
Answer:
There are places on earth where its too hot and the water evaporates and that means that the land dries out and the water goes away and people can't live there.
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7. The local police department just bought a Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS) device. What is MOST likely the purpose of this purchase?
to test DNA from blood in their lab
to individualize hair samples
to determine if blood is human or animal
to find and process more fingerprints
The most likely purpose of the purchase of a Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS) device by the local police department is: to find and process more fingerprints.
What is Digital forensics?Digital forensics can be defined as a type of technology which is designed and developed to gather, access, and monitor the activities of a particular user or users on a computer system, networks, and other devices over the Internet such as a Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS).
Generally speaking Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS) simply refers to an optical touchless instrument that is designed and developed to be used by crime scene search investigators and the police for the detection of latent fingerprints without making use of any of the following chemical substances:
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Calculate the mass of AgBr produced from 22.5 L of AgNO3.
The mass of AgBr produced from 22.5 L of AgNO₃ is 50.01 gram
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object.
Here given reaction is stoichiometric
From the balanced equation for the reaction si
2AgNO₃ + MgBr₂ → 2AgBr + Mg(NO₃)₂
The mole ratio of AgNO₃ and AgBr is 2 : 1
Mole of 22.5 g AgNO₃ = 22.5/169.87
Mole of 22.5 g AgNO₃ = 0.1325 mole
Equivalent mole of AgBr = 0.265 mole
Mass of 0.265 mole AgBr = 0.265×188.77
Mass of 0.265 mole AgBr = 50.01 gram
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select the options that correctly identify the concentrations of the individual ions present in a solution that is 0.14 m in zncl2. multiple select question. [zn2 ]
The concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution. The Concentration of Cl⁻ and Zn²⁺ is 0.28M and 0.14M respectively.
What is molarity?Molarity can be calculated by dividing number of moles of solute by volume of solution in liter. Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/liter. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution.
Molarity of ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex]=0.14 M
ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex] dissociates as
ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex][tex]\rightarrow[/tex] Zn²⁺+ 2Cl⁻
Concentration of Zn²⁺=0.14 M
Concentration of Cl⁻= 2×0.14 M=0.28M
Therefore, concentration of Cl⁻ and Zn²⁺ is 0.28M and 0.14M respectively.
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An orange solid cannot be broken down into simpler components by any physical methods. When it is heated, a chemical reaction takes place and a colorless gas and a silvery liquid form. Further tests on the resulting substances shows that they cannot be broken down further by physical or chemical methods. What type of substance is the original orange solid?.
Type of substance is the original orange solid is element .
What is chemical reaction ?
Chemical reaction, the process by which one or more substances (reactants) are transformed into one or more other substances (products). Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. Chemical reactions rearrange the constituent atoms of reactants to produce different substances as products.
Chemical reactions are an integral part of technology, culture, and even life itself. Fuel combustion, iron smelting, glass and pottery making, beer brewing, and wine and cheese making are just a few examples. Activities involving chemical reactions that have been around for thousands of years. Chemical reactions are abundant in a variety of complex processes that occur in Earth's geology, atmosphere and oceans, and in all biological systems.
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Krypton atoms in the ground state tend not to bond with other atoms because their?.
Krypton atoms in the ground state tend not to bond with other atoms because they have a total of 8 electrons in their valence shell.
Krypton is a rare noble gas thus it does not react at ground state because its shell is complete. The atomic number of krypton is 36. It is three times heavier than air. It is not totally unreactive as it can form some compounds. krypton is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
According to the octet rule, the last shell of krypton is completely filled so it will not form a bond with another atom.
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A total of eight valence electrons makes krypton atoms to not bnd with other atoms.
Moreover, An atom changes from its ground state to an excited state by taking in energy from its surroundings in a process called absorption. An electron absorbs energy and jumps to a higher energy level. In the opposite process, emission, the electron returns to its ground state by releasing the extra energy it absorbed.
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What happens to form the brown spots on a tlc plate when you place the developed tlc plate in an iodine chamber?.
When a developed TLC plate is placed in the chamber and capped, the iodine sublimes and reacts with the compounds on the plate.
While a evolved TLC plate is placed in the chamber and capped, the iodine sublimes and reacts with the compounds at the plate, forming yellow-brown spots. The shade occurs due to the fact iodine bureaucracy colored complexes with many natural compounds.
The silica gel at the TLC plate is impregnated with a fluorescent material that glows underneath ultraviolet light. A niche will intervene with the fluorescence and seem as a darkish spot on a sparkling background. At the same time as beneath the UV light, the spots may be outlined with a pencil to mark their places.
The staining of a TLC plate with iodine vapor is some of the oldest strategies for the visualization of organic compounds. it's far based totally upon the remark that iodine has a high affinity for each unsaturated and aromatic compounds.
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All atoms of a given element contain
A. the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
B. the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons.
C. the same number of neutrons and protons.
D. different numbers of neutrons and protons.
All atoms of a given element contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
What is atom ?The smallest component of ordinary stuff that makes up a chemical element is an atom. Atoms that are neutral or ionized make up every solid, liquid, gas, and form of plasma. Atoms are very tiny, measuring approximately 100 picometers across.
Each atom is made up of a nucleus and one or more electrons that are linked to it. One or more protons and a significant number of neutrons make up the nucleus. Only the most prevalent kind of hydrogen is neutron-free. The nucleus of an atom contains more than 99.94% of its mass.
Although the number of protons in the nucleus is the same for all atoms of the same chemical element, the number of neutrons is not. As a result, atoms of the same chemical element do not always have the same mass.
Thus, option A is correct.
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a solution containing agno 3 is mixed with a solution of nacl to form a solution that is 0.10 m in agno 3 and 0.075 m in nacl. what will happen once these solutions are mixed? ksp (agcl)
When a solution containing AGNO3 is mixed with a solution of NACl AgCl will precipitate because Q > Ksp. Silver chloride will precipitate out of solution, leaving an unsaturated solution of AgCl.
Explain molarity?
A chemical species' concentration in a solution, specifically the amount of a solute per unit volume of solution, is measured by its molar concentration. The moles per litre, is expressed by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units.Information provided according to:
As a result, AgNO3's molarity is 0.10 M.
Following that, NaCl's molarity is equal to 0.075 M.
Thus, Ksp AgCl is equal to 1.77 * 10^-10.
Then the variables in the equation are as follows:
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)
Next, we have 0.10 moles of Ag+ for every 0.10 moles of AgNO3 (molarity is equal to 0.10 M).
Following that, we have 0.075 moles of Cl- (molarity is 0.075 M) for 0.075 moles of NaCl.
Now, we compute Q, which is:
So Q is = [Ag+][Cl-]
In the following, Q is equal to (0.10 M)(0.075 M) = 0.0075.
Currently, Ksp is 1.77 x 10-10.
Q >>> Ksp.
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Create an energy transformation for using a flashlight to see in the dark. EX: SOUND TO THERMAL
Answer:
chemical energy then electrical energy
Explanation:
chemical energy in the batteries is converted to electrical energy
What is the frequency of a 4,600 cm wave?
The frequency of a 4,600 cm wave is 652 Hz
Frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time
Here given data is
Wave = 4,600 cm = 4.6 × 10⁸ nm
We have to calculated frequency = ?
Frequency =v = c/λ
Frequency = 3×10⁸m / 4.6 × 10⁸ nm
Frequency = 652 Hz
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the reduction of iron(iii) oxide () to pure iron during the first step of steelmaking, is driven by the high-temperature combustion of coke, a purified form of coal: suppose at the temperature of a blast furnace the gibbs free energies of formation of and are and , respectively. calculate the maximum mass of pure iron that can be produced by the combustion of of coke. (one metric ton, symbol , equals .) round your answer to significant digits.
The maximum mass of pure iron that can be produced by the combustion of coke is 3.9 × 10⁶ kg.
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between gasoline and an oxidant, generally atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, regularly gaseous products, in a combination termed as smoke. combustion, a chemical reaction between materials, typically consisting of oxygen and normally observed by way of the era of warmth and mild inside the shape of a flame.
A combustion reaction is a sort of chemical reaction wherein a response between any flammable substance and an oxidizer takes area as a way to shape an oxidized product. Combustion reactions are regularly followed via fires and the discharge of power in the form of warmth.
Calculation:-
2Fe₂O₃ ------> 4Fe(s) + 3O₂
C(s) + O₂ -------> CO₂ ₓ 3
________________________
2Fe₂O₃ + 3C(s) ------------> 4Fe + 3CO₂(g)
mass of coke = 630 . t
= 630 × 1000
= 6.3 × 10⁵
So, 3 × 12g og Coke = (4 × 56)/3×12 kgFe
= 39.2 × 10⁵ kg Fe
= 3.9 × 10⁶ kg
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Which of the following statements correctly describe ground-state electron configurations?
a. The ground-state electron configuration has the lowest-energy distribution of the electrons.
b. The ground-state electron configurations are the basis for the recurring pattern of chemical behavior.
The ground state electronic configuration has the lowest energy distribution of the electrons. correct option is (A).
The energy associated to an electron is that of its orbital. The energy of configuration is often approximated as the sum of the energy of each electron, neglecting the electron electron interactions.
The configuration that corresponds to the lowest electronic energy is called the ground state. Any other configuration is an excited state.
As an example, the ground state configuration of the sodium atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1, as deduced from Aufbau principle.
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