The mass-to-charge ratio can be calculated by using the mass and electric charge of the particle.
This involves the Mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrometry is among one of the spectroscopic techniques which involve the fragmentation of ions of a compound. In the mass spectrum, the peak which is highest represents the base peak. The mass-to-charge ratio is a physical quantity relating the mass and the electric charge of a given particle. It is expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb. It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles. The value of m/z helps to predict the molecular formula of a compound. m /z represents mass to charge ratio. In mass analysis, an electron is taken from molecules to create single charged ions.
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The half-reaction that occurs at the anode during the electrolysis of molten sodium bromide is a. 2Br^- rightarrow Br_2 + 2e^- b. Br_2 + 2e^- rightarrow 2Br c. Na^+ +e^- rightarrow Na d. Na rightarrow Na^+ + e^- e. 2H_2O + 2e^- rightarrow 2OH^- + H_2
The half-reaction at anode in the electrolysis of molten sodium bromide is b).2 Br- ------------> Br2 + 2e-
The electrolysis of molten sodium bromide involves passing a direct current through a molten NaBr solution. The positively charged cations (Na+) move towards the cathode where they gain electrons and become neutral atoms.
At the anode, the negatively charged bromide ions (Br-) are oxidized and the bromine atoms are released. The bromide ions are also reduced to form hydrogen gas.
At the same time, the electrons released at the anode combine with the sodium atoms to form sodium hydroxide, which is released as a liquid in the solution. This process can be used to produce hydrogen, sodium hydroxide, and bromine.
At anode : Oxidation reaction takes place
2Br⁻ ------------> Br₂ + 2e⁻
At Cathode : Reduction reaction takes place
2Na⁺ + 2e⁻ --------------> 2Na
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what are the two properties of a moving objects that determine its momentum
Answer: Momentum depends upon two variables which are mass and velocity.
Explanation: Every moving thing possesses a quantity of motion, as defined by Newton. It is known as momentum nowadays. A moving object's characteristic called momentum is influenced by its mass and speed.
By dividing the mass by the speed of a moving item, one can calculate its momentum.
Momentum is equivalent to mass times speed.
Momentum has a direction and a strength, just like velocity, acceleration and force. An object's momentum moves in the same direction as its speed. A moving thing is more difficult to stop the more momentum it possesses.
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(a) The pH of a solution is 6.45. Find the [H+] concentration. Please show work.
(b) A solution has a pH of 5.28, find the [H+] and [OH-] concentration. Show work, and tell me is the solution acidic or basic?
(c) If a solution has a concentration of 3.5E-6 M, what is the pH of this solution. Show work, and tell me if the solution is acidic or basic
Concentration of solution having pH 6.45 is 3.55 * 10 -7 M. Concentration of solution having pH 5.28 is 1.90 * 10 -9 M and pH of the solution is 5.45.
pH of a solution is the measure of hydrogen ion concentration, which in turn is a measure of its acidity. Pure water dissociates slightly into equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxyl (OH−) ions.
Concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution. A concentrated solution is one that has a relatively large amount of dissolved solute. A dilute solution is one that has a relatively small amount of dissolved solute
a. The pH of a solution is 6.45
pH = 6.45
pH= -log [H+]
= [tex]10^-6.45[/tex]
[H+] = 3.55 * 10 -7 M
b. A solution has a pH of 5.28, find the [H+] and [OH-] concentration.
pH = 5.28
pH= -log [H+]
= [tex]10^-5.28[/tex]
[H+] = 5.25 * 10 -6 M
As [H+] [OH-} = 10-14
[OH-] = 10-14 / [H+]
= 10 -14 / 5.25 * 10 -6
= 1.90 * 10 -9 M
As pH is less than 7 the solution is acidic.
c. If a solution has a concentration of 3.5 . 10-6 M
here calculated pH = 5.45
As pH is less than 7, the solution is acidic.
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. ni(nh3)4cl2 7. [crcl2(oh2)4] 8. [crcl4(oh2)2]- 9. [cr(oh2)(nh3)5]3 10.[ga(oh)cl3]- 11.cis-[ptbrcl(no2)2]2- 12.trans-[co(oh)clen2] 13.[mn(co)3(c6h6)] 14.[ni(co)4] is 15.nh4[aucl4] 16.potassium hexacyanoferrate(iii) 17.sodium hexafluoroaluminate(iii) 18.pentaaquabromomanganese(iii) sulfate 19.hexaamminechromium(iii) nitrate 20.sodium tetrahydroxochromate(iii) 21.hexaammineruthenium(iii) tetrachloronickelate(ii) 22.tetraamminecopper(ii) pentacyanohydroxoferrate(iii) 23.potassium diaquatetrabromovanadate(iii) 24.[al(oh2)6]br3 25.[cr(nh3)6]cl3 26.potassium hexafluoroferrate (iii)
The all names of the atom and ion are explained in detail.
What is atom ?
An atom is made up of a core nucleus and one or more negatively charged electrons that orbit it. The positively charged, comparatively hefty protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus may be present.
What is ion ?
Depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is higher or fewer than the number of protons in the atom, an atom can have a positive charge or a negative charge. An atom is referred to be an ION when it is drawn to another atom due to an imbalance in its electron and proton numbers.
1. Ni(NH3)4Cl2 = Tetraaminenickle(II) chloride.
2. [ crcl2(oh2)4 ]+ = tetraaquadichlorochromium(II) ion
3. [ crcl4(oh2)2 ]– = diaquatetrachlorochromate(III) ion
4. [Cr(OH2)(NH3)5]3+ = pentaammineaquachromium(III) lon
5. [ Ha(OH)Cl3 ]– = trichlorohydroxogallate (III) lon
6.cis–[ PtBrCl(NO2)2 ]2– = cis-Bromochlorodinitroplatinate (IV) ion
7. trans– [ Co(OH)Clen2 ]+ = trans-chlorobisethylenediamminehydroxocobalt (III) ion
8. [ Mn(CO)3 (C6H6) ]+ = Benzenetricarbonylmagnese (I) ion
9. Ni(CO)4 = tetracarbonylnickel ,Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel)
10. Nh4 [AuCl] = Ammonium tetrachloroaurate(III)
The set of rules for naming a coordination compound is:–
When naming a complex ion, the ligands are named before the metal ion.
Write the names of the ligands in the following order: neutral, negative, positive.
If there are multiple ligands of the same charge type, they are named in alphabetical order.
Multiple occurring monodentate ligands receive a prefix according to the number of occurrences: di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa.
Polydentate ligands (e.g., ethylenediamine, oxalate) receive bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, etc.
Anions end in -ido. This replaces the final “e” when the anion ends with “-ate” (e.g, sulfate becomes sulfato) and replaces “-ide” (cyanide becomes cyanido).
Neutral ligands are given their usual name, with some exceptions: NH3 becomes ammine; H2O becomes aqua or Aqua
Write the name of the central atom/ion. If the complex is an anion, the central atom’s name will end in -ate, and its Latin name will be used if available .
If the central atom’s oxidation state needs to be specified, write it as a Roman numeral (or 0) in parentheses.
End with “cation” or “anion” as separate words .
Therefore, the all names of the atom and ion are explained in detail.
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peroxyacids (rco3h) can convert alkenes into epoxides. draw the two products and the mechanism arrows for the following reaction. be sure to include lone pairs of electrons and nonzero formal charges on all species.
Please draw everything exactly as i would draw it in the box.
A peroxyacid is an acid containing an acidic -OOH group.
The two main classes are those derived from mineral acids in general, particularly sulfuric acid, and the peroxy derivatives of organic carboxylic acids. They are generally strong oxidants. Peracids are mainly used as oxidizing agents. It is used to readily add oxygen to alkenes to form epoxides and convert ketones to esters and amines to nitro compounds, amine oxides, or nitroso compounds.
Peroxycarboxylic acids have the unique property of having an electropositive oxygen atom in the COOH group. This reaction is initiated by an electrophilic oxygen atom that reacts with a nucleophilic carbon-carbon double bond. The mechanism involves a concerted reaction with a four-part cyclic transition state.
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Isopentyl acetate (C7H14O2) is the compound responsible for the scent of bananas. A
molecular model of isopentyl acetate is shown in the margin below. Interestingly, bees
release about 1 mg (1 3 1026
g) of this compound when they sting. The resulting scent
attracts other bees to join the attack. How many molecules of isopentyl acetate are
released in a typical bee sting? How many atoms of carbon are present
The number of molecules in 1 g of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ is 4.21 * 10²¹ molecules.
What is the number of molecules in one gram of isopentyl acetate?Isopentyl acetate is a compound that is known as an alkanoate.
An alkanoate is a compound that is formed when an alkanol and an alkanoic acid react together, water is also produced.
The number of molecules in one gram of isopentyl acetate is determined from the molar mass of isopentyl acetate.
In one mole of isopentyl acetate, the number of molecules present is equal to the Avogadro number of molecules which is 6.02 * 10²³ molecules.
The molar mass of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = (12 * 7 + 1 * 14 + 16 * 2) g/mol
The molar mass of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = 130 g/mol
The number of moles in 1 g of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = 1/130
The number of moles in 1 g of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = 0.0077 moles
Number of molecules in 1 g of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = 0.0077 * 6.02 * 10²³
The number of molecules in 1 g of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = 4.21 * 10²¹ molecules.
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write chemical equations that show how the following bases react with water to produce hydroxide ions: (use the lowest possible coefficients. be sure to specify states such as (aq) or (s). if a box is not needed, leave it blank.) a question content area methoxide ion (), a strong base + b hypobromite ion (Bro), a weak base + C imidazole (CH.N2), a weak base + +
When bases react with water they produce hydroxide ions
OCH₃⁻ + H₂O → CH₃OH (methanol) + OH⁻ (hydroxide)
here, the methoxide ion acted as a base, by bonding with the hydrogen atom released by water to form methanol and hydronium ion
Br − + H ₂ O⇄ 2 HOBr + OH −
C₃H₂N₄+O₂+ H₂O→ CO2 + H2O + NH3
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Positive sodium ions (Na+) and negative hydroxide ions are produced when the base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolves in water. The chemical formula NaOH H 2 O OH- + Na can be used to symbolise this.
When a substance dissolves in water, it emits negative nonmetal ions and positive hydrogen ions (H+), which are the byproducts of the reaction. Atoms that have gained or lost electrons are known as ions, which are charged particles. An acid is anything like hydrochloric acid (HCl). When it dissolves in water, it releases positive hydrogen ions and negative chloride ions (Cl-). The chemical equation: can be used to illustrate this.
HCl _H2o__ H+ + Cl-
When a substance dissolves in water, it releases positive metal ions and negative hydroxide ions (OH-). This is what is known as a base. One such instance is the formation of negative hydroxide ions and positive sodium ions (Na+) when the base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolves in water. The chemical equation: can be used to illustrate this.
NaOH _H2o__ OH- + Na+
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Sodium lauryl sulfate has the same use in embalming fluids as:
1. sodium phosphate
2. citrates
3. sulfonates
4. sodium salt of EDTA
1 & 4 only
3 only
4 only
1,2,3,and 4
Answer Only 3. Sulfonates, Being a surfactant, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) has an impact on the surfaces it contacts. It is incorporated into a wide range of goods, including floor cleaners, toothpaste, and food thickeners.
You utilise water and oil in all of your soaps and cleaning supplies. However, they don't combine on their own.
Surfactants, however, bring them closer. The linked oil and water molecules in soap rub against grime and grease to produce cleansing force.
Surfactants are used in so many products because of this. They mix the components necessary for cleaning.
Making sodium lauryl sulphate is very simple, cheap, and effective in a variety of applications. In many popular goods found in the home and at work, it is labelled as an ingredient.
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while waiting for approval to conduct a clinical trial using peptides 1 and 2, you consider three possible outcomes that might result. you sketch out what the data would look like for each. match each possible outcome with the correct conclusion. for help interpreting the graphs, see hint 1.
Both Peptide 1 and Peptide 2 are effective as toxin concentration in the graft is minimum. So, Peptide 1 is an effective inhibitor of the pathway, and peptide 2 is an effective inhibitor of the TRAP pathway in human infection.
Along the same lines, peptide 2 is an effective inhibitor of the TRAP pathway in human infection, but Peptide 1 is NOT an effective inhibitor of the AGR pathway in human infection. Similarly: Peptide 1 is an effective inhibitor of the AGR pathway, however, peptide 2 is NOT an effective inhibitor of the TRAP pathway in human infection. A peptide is a short chain of amino acids (commonly 2 to 50) connected by substance bonds (called peptide bonds). A more extended chain of connected amino acids (at least 51) is a polypeptide. The proteins fabricated inside cells are produced using at least one polypeptide.
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iron(iii) oxide reacts with nitric acid to produce iron(iii) nitrate and water. when 87.3 g of iron(iii) oxide reacts with 126.5 g of nitric acid to produce 140.1 g of iron(iii) nitrate, what is the percent yield of the reaction? do not include units in your answer. if you round during your calculation, be sure to keep at least three (3) decimal places. report your answer to one (1) decimal place.
The percent yield of the reaction is 82.5%.
The actual yield divided by the hypothetical yield multiplied by 100 is known as the percent yield.
The balanced reaction is Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 \ \rightarrow\ \ \ 2FE(NO3) + 3H2O
Moles of Fe2O3 taken = 87.3/160
= 0.545 mol
Moles of HNO3 taken = 126.5/63
= 2.01 mol
0.545 mol Fe2O3 \rightarrow 6 x 0.545 mol HNO3
= 3.27 mol HNO3
But we have only 2.01 mol HNO3, so HNO3 is the limiting reagent
Theoretical moles of Fe(NO3)3 formed
= 2/6 x 2.01
= 0.67 mol
Theoretical moles of Fe(NO3)3 = 0.67 x 24
= 162.1g
Percent yield = (actual yield/ theoretical yield ) x 100
= (133.7/162.1) x 100
= 82.5%
Therefore the percent yield of the reaction is 82.5%
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A mixture of 1.0 mol of He and 1.0 mol of Ne at STP are placed into a rigid container. Which of the following statements are true for the system? a. Both gases have the same molecular speed
b. All of the above are true c. Both gases contribute equally to the density of the mixture d. Both gases have the same average kinetic energy e. The mixture has a volume of 22.4L
The true statement is d. Both gases have the same average kinetic energy. Since the gases are at the same temperature in this situation, they will have the same average kinetic energy.
The average kinetic energy of a gas is determined by the temperature of the gas. The molecular speed of a gas is determined by the temperature of the gas and the mass of the gas molecules. Helium and neon have different atomic weights, so their molecular speeds will be different at the same temperature. The density of a gas is determined by the number of molecules and the volume they occupy. If the number of molecules of each gas is equal, but the atomic weights of the gases are different, then the density of the mixture will be different from the densities of the individual gases.
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which of the following options correctly describe the processes occurring at the anode of a galvanic cell? select all that apply.
1. oxidation takes place at the anode
2. The anode is the source of electrons in the current flow
The correct option is both 1and 2, oxidation takes place at the anode of the galvanic cells and it also the source of electrons in current flow.
Oxidation process happens at the anode, and reduction process happens at the cathode. The anode is the negative terminal for the galvanic cell because the reaction at the anode is the source of the electrons for current.
The movement of electrons from one substance to another is what propels the process. Thermodynamics is in favor of this. The completion of the circuit in a galvanic cell or battery creates a pathway for the substance at the anode (oxidation) to transfer electrons to the substance at the cathode through the circuit (reduction).
A galvanic cell is a type of electrochemical device that generates an electric current by transferring electrons during the redox processes.
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in the balanced equation for the reaction of fe2(so4)3 and lioh, which of the following compounds will precipitate out of solution?
Many anions-containing substances, including sulfide (S2), hydroxide (OH), carbonate (CO32), and phosphate (PO43), are frequently insoluble in water. If one of these anions is dissolved in a solution with a metal cation like Fe2+, Cu2+, or Al3+, a precipitate will result from the addition.
What do you call a precipitate that forms from a solution?
An insoluble solid that separates from a liquid solution is known as a precipitate in chemistry. Precipitation is the term used to describe the insoluble solid emerging from the solution. Most frequently, the precipitate appears as a suspension.
What kind of product will precipitate?
If the resultant chemical is water insoluble, a precipitate will develop. As an illustration, a solution of magnesium bromide is combined with a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) (MgBr2).
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In which of the following cases would recrystallization be favored over extraction when purifying a mixture of two solid compounds? 1. When both compounds have the same functional group(s). II. When the desired compound is poorly soluble in the solvent pair at low temperatures and greatly soluble in the solvent pair at high temperatures. III. When there is a significant excess of the desired compound. A. I and III B. II C. II and III D. I and II E. All of the above F. None of the above
The following cases would recrystallization be favored over extraction when purifying a mixture of two solid compounds is II. Option B.
A compound is a substance in which two or more different chemical elements are combined in a certain ratio. When elements come together, they react with each other to form unbreakable chemical bonds.
The definition of recrystallization is a compound purification technique in which a compound is dissolved in a solvent and slowly cooled to form crystals that represent a purer form of the compound. Scientists use recrystallization to purify solids usually products from various chemical reactions in a compound are dissolved.
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Water is a polar solvent and hexane ( (C 6H 14) s a nonpolar solvent. Which of the following correctly describes the solubility of the solute? o octane (nonpolar), soluble in water O Cacl2, soluble in hexane O CCl4 (nonpolar), soluble in water O mineral oil (nonpolar), soluble in water O NaHCO3, soluble in water
NaHCO3 is soluble in water. NaHCO3 is ionic polar compound. water is polar quantities so, polar disolve in polar.
The basic concept of solubility is that like dissolves like. It means that polar substances are soluble in polar solvents and non-polar substances are soluble in non-polar solvents.
Solubility is described as the most amount of a substance so that it will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a exact temperature. Solubility is a function property of a particular solute–solvent aggregate, and unique substances have substantially differing solubilities.
Solubility is the ability of a substance (solute) to form a solution with another substance (solvent). Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of a solute to form such a solution.
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A given volume of ozone diffused from a certain apparatus in 96 seconds. Calculate the time taken given equal volume of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse under the same conditions (O=16.0,C=12.0)
The time taken for equal volume of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse under the same condition is 92 seconds
How do I determine the time taken?We know that the rate of diffusion of gases is given by the following formula:
R₁/R₂ = √(M₂/M₁) = t₂/t₁
Where
R₁ and R₂ are the rates of diffusion of each gasM₁ and M₂ are the molar masses of each gast₁ and t₂ are the time taken for each gas to diffuseNow, we shall obtain the time taken for equal volume of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse. Details below:
Time for ozone (t₁) = 96 secondsMolar mass of ozone (M₁) = 48 g/molMolar mass of carbon (IV) oxide (M₂) = 44 g/mol Time for carbon (IV) oxide (t₂) = ?t₂/t₁ = √(M₂/M₁)
t₂ / 96 = √(44 / 48)
Cross multiply
t₂ = 96 ×√(44 / 48)
t₂ = 92 seconds
Thus, we can conclude that the time for carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse is 92 seconds
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Analysis of an unknown substance showed that it has a high boiling point and is brittle. It is an insulator as a solid but conducts electricity when melted. Which of the following substances would have those characteristics?a. HClb. Alc. SiF4d. KBre. I2
The solid which has the described property is aluminium. Aluminium in solid state does not conduct but in its molten state it conducts.
What is aluminium?Aluminium is 13th element in periodic table. Al is an electron deficient metal but it is placed among the non-metals since it does not conduct electricity in its solid state.
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it converts from its solid state to liquid state. Al has a boiling point of 2400 °C. It is because of its solid nature and strong intermolecular fore of attraction.
Some solid will breaks easily when a damping force is applied and this breaking tendency is called brittlessness. Al is brittle in nature and not as hard as pure metals.
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joseph decides to test the idea of his friend carl that heating certain compounds releases a strange new gas with interesting properties (e.g. it is exhilirating to breathe). he carefully weighs out a number of samples and puts them in sealed tubes, then heats them until they stop changing, then records the new weights. by subtracting the weights he is able to tell whether an invisible gas released during the
Experiment is a scientific procedure carried out to test an idea or hypothesis. It provide insight about the cause and effect.
joseph decides to test the idea of his friend carl that heating certain compounds releases a strange new gas with interesting properties. he carefully weighs out a number of samples and puts them in sealed tubes, then heats them until they stop changing, then records the new weights. by subtracting the weights he is able to tell whether an invisible gas released during the Experiment. An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried. Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated.
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Determine the name of the chemicals involved:
Cs₂CO₃
SrI₂
SrCo₃
CsI
When naming ionic compounds, the cationic part or the metal is named first. The name of Cs₂CO₃ is cesium carbonate and the name of SrI₂ is strontium iodide. SrCO₃ is named as strontium carbonate and CsI is cesium iodide.
What is chemical formula?Chemical formula of a compound is the simplest way to represent the compound. Chemical formulas help to identify and distinguish the compound easily.
The ionic compounds are named starting with the cationic part and secondly the anionic part. For example, the compound Cs₂CO₃ is named starting with the metal part cesium then the anionic part carbonate. Thus, its name is cesium carbonate.
Similarly the two compounds of strontium are named as, SrI₂ - strontium iodide and SrCO₃ as strontium carbonate.
The ionic compound, CsI is named as cesium iodide.
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Find the pH value after adding 0.05 M of sulfuric acid to a solution consisting of 0.1 M of weak acid and its salt. Note that the value of the weak acid dissociation constant is 4.47
The pH value after adding 0.05 M of sulfuric acid to a solution consisting of 0.1 M of weak acid and its salt is o.91.
What is pH ?The pH scale determines how acidic or basic water is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality. Acidity is indicated by pH values below 7, whereas baseness is shown by pH values above 7. In reality, pH is a measurement of the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water.
Ka = [ H⁺ ] [ B⁻ ] / [ HB ]
HB = H⁺ + B⁻
Ka = 4.47
C= 0.1
x = ( - 4.47 + (4.47 )² + 4 ( 0.1 ) ( 4.47 )²/2
= 15.51 + 0.844 / 2
= 16.354/ 2
=8.177
pH = - log [ H⁺ ]
= - log ( x )
= -log ( 8.177 )
pH = 0.91
Thus, The pH value after adding 0.05 M of sulfuric acid to a solution consisting of 0.1 M of weak acid and its salt is o.91.
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one of the steps in the biological pathway for carbohydrate metabolism is the conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism.
steps in the biological pathway for carbohydrate metabolism is First and foremost, the base B abstracts a proton from the hydroxy group of carbon 4 .The image depicts further electron transfer (bond shifting), and the electron eventually resides on the electronegative oxygen atom.
A step from the mechanism of interconversion of D gluconic acid and D mannonic acid is given in the following reaction. The reaction is an epimerization reaction in which one of the carbon configurations changes. In the step described here, base A- abstracts a proton from the hydroxyl group, causing the electron pair to shift as shown in the image. The chemical adjusts that take place within a cell or organism. These adjustments create power and the equipment that cells and organisms necessitate to develop, replicate, and keep themselves alive. A fast metabolism does not necessarily imply thinness. In fact, studies have shown that people who really are overweight or obese frequently have fast metabolisms.
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6. (1 pt) refer to the synthetic sequences below. in the step with thionyl chloride explain if hexamethylphosphoric triamide (hmpt) or 1,4-dioxane was added along with thionyl chloride. provide a specific rationale.
Hexamethylphosphorous triamide is useful as a reagent in organic synthesis as a phosphorylating agent. It is engaged with carbon tetrachloride for the substitution of hydroxy groups with chlorides.
It is jumbled in the preparation of epoxides and arene oxides from aldehydes and aryldialdehdyes respectively. It is used in the composing of carbonates as well as the reduction of ozonides.
Air and moisture sensitive. Keep the container tightly direct in a dry and well-ventilated place. clashing with strong oxidizing agents.
lower aromatic aldehydes to symmetrical epoxides in good yield. Both cis- and trans-isomers are formed.
Under suitable conditions, the reaction of the intermediate with a second aldehyde can lead to mixed deoxybenzoins or diaryl enamines.
Has also been used for a variation of other reductions including that of ozonolysis intermediates: Helv. Chim. Acta, 50, 2387 (1967), and of primary alkyl nitro compounds to nitriles: Synthesis, 36 (1979).
Bromohydrins can be change to alkenes, by reductive elimination from their triflate esters
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the product of the following reaction has the constitution shown. no stereochemistry is implied. deduce the stereochemistry on the basis of the fact that iodolactonization is normally an anti addition and it was determined experimentally that the ring junction is cis. select the single best answer. 1935 1935c 1935a 1935d 1935b
The product of the following reaction has the constitution shown. No stereochemistry is implied. If the stereochemistry on the basis of the fact that iodolactonization is normally an anti addition and it was determined experimentally that the ring junction is cis then the correct option is Option A.
Since ring junction is cis means it Should be axial, equatorial or equatorial, axial.
And addition of Iodine is anti, that means iodine and ring junction are trans, it should be axial, axial or equatorial, equatorial position of Iodine and one of ring junction.
Note: 1,2-cis - axial, equatorial or equatorial, axial
1,2-trans: axial, axial or equatorial, equatorial
So, The constitution is revealed in the result of the given reaction. There is no implication of stereochemistry. Option A is the correct option if the stereochemistry is based on the knowledge that iodolactonization is generally an anti addition and the ring junction was determined empirically to be cis.
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3) which of the following can represent a buffer: a) hcl (strong acid) and nacl b) h2co3 (weak acid) and na2co3 c) h2o and hcl (strong acid) d) ch3cooh (weak acid) and kch3coo
The correct answer which can represent buffer is d) CH3COOH (weak acid) and KCH3COO.
A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added. A buffer is made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The weak acid and its conjugate base form a buffer because when the weak acid is added, it is partially neutralized by the conjugate base, and when the weak base is added, it is partially neutralized by the conjugate acid.
When CH3COOH (weak acid) and KCH3COO (potassium salt of the weak acid) are in solution, the CH3COOH is partially neutralized by the KCH3COO, making it an effective buffer.
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the half equivalence point is in the middle of the buffer region. in order to reach the half equivalence point in their titration, veronica needed to add 24.47 ml of koh to 50.00 ml of 0.368 m hf. what is the concentration of conjugate base at the half equivalence point? note: do not use scientific notation or units in your response. sig figs will not be graded in this question, enter your response to four decimal places. carmen may add or remove digits from your response, your submission will still be graded correctly if this happens.
pH = pKa M - moles/L 0.447 = m at the half-equivalence point, which is equal to 0.1537 M F.
How may an equivalency point be found?The equivalency point for acid-base titrations is extremely simple to identify. To create a titration curve, different quantities of titrant are added, and then the pH of the solution is measured using a pH meter. Then, the curve's equivalence point can be determined.
What are an endpoint and an equivalency point?A point of equivalency in a titration is the point at which the additional titrant and the sample analyte have chemically equivalent properties. On the other hand, the endpoint is when the color of the solution changes.
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since, as the temperature of a gas sample increases, the velocity distribution of the molecules shifts toward a blank velocity and becomes blank sharply peaked, temperature blank is greater.
As the temperature of a gas sample increases, the velocity distribution of the molecules shifts towards higher velocities and becomes less peaked.
This is due to the fact that the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases with increasing temperature. Since the molecules have more energy, their velocities become more spread out, and the peak of the velocity distribution shifts to the right.
This means that the fastest molecules are moving faster than before. At the same time, the spread of the distribution becomes tighter, resulting in a sharper peak. This is because the molecules are more likely to move at the same speed, so the fraction of them moving at any given speed is much higher.
This effect is most pronounced at higher temperatures, as the molecules have more energy to spread out in a larger range of velocities.
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investigation you had to calculate the number of moles of oxygen gas produced from a reaction of 2h2o2 (aq) 2h2o (l) o2 (g) using the ideal gas law. which of the following is the ideal gas law equation?
Using the ideal gas law, 0.0025 moles of oxygen gas are created when 2H2O2 (aq) reacts with 2H2O (l) and O2 (g).
Given that, according to the balanced chemical equation, hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, breaks down to produce water and oxygen gas:
2H2O2 (aq) -> 2H2O (l)+ O2 (g)
Ideal temperature (t) = 295.15 K and
pressure (p) =1 atm
Volume of oxygen gas (v) = 0.061 L
R = 0.0821
From the ideal gas law equation = pv= nRt
n = pv/Rt = 1 x 0.061/0.082x 295.15
n = 0.0025moles
Hence the number of moles produced from the above reaction is 0.0025
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How did the discovery of radioactive decay invalidate many of the early models
The temperature in the stratosphere is -25.0C. Calculate the root mean square speeds N2,O2,and O3 molecules in this region.Be sure each of your answers entries has the correct number of significant digits
Answer:
To calculate the root mean square speeds of N2, O2, and O3 molecules in the stratosphere, we need to use the formula vrms = (3RT/M)^1/2, where vrms is the root mean square speed, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and M is the molar mass of the gas.
First, we need to convert the temperature in Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the temperature in Celsius. This gives us a temperature of -25.0 + 273.15 = 248.15 K.
Next, we need to calculate the root mean square speeds of N2, O2, and O3 molecules. The molar masses of these gases are 28.0134 g/mol for N2, 31.9988 g/mol for O2, and 48.0027 g/mol for O3. Using the formula above, we get the following root mean square speeds:
N2: vrms = (3 * 8.3145 * 248.15 / 28.0134)^1/2 = 446.8 m/s
O2: vrms = (3 * 8.3145 * 248.15 / 31.9988)^1/2 = 402.4 m/s
O3: vrms = (3 * 8.3145 * 248.15 / 48.0027)^1/2 = 303.1 m/s
Therefore, the root mean square speeds of N2, O2, and O3 molecules in the stratosphere at a temperature of -25.0C are 446.8 m/s, 402.4 m/s, and 303.1 m/s, respectively.
For every two QH2 that enter the Q cycle, one is regenerated and the other passes its two electrons to two cytochrome c1 centers. The overall equation is
QH2+2 cyt c1(Fe3+)+2H+→Q+2 cyt c1(Fe2+)+4H+
Calculate the free energy change associated with the Q cycle.
For every two QH2 that enter the Q cycle, one is regenerated and the other passes its two electrons to two cytochrome c1 centers. The free energy change associated with the Q cycle is -33.8 kJ/mol
Q + 2H+ + 2 e- --> QH2 Eo' = +0.045 V
One QH2 is created for every two that enter the Q cycle, while the other one transfers its two electrons to two cytochrome c1 centers. Even though cytochrome c can only take one electron, QH2 struggles to transfer free energy the two available electrons to it. So, in a single Q cycle, two cytochrome c molecules are reduced, one ubiquinol molecule is created, four bare pumped into the intermembrane free energy space, and two protons are taken up from the matrix.
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