define diffusion
pls answer ASAP​

lessen the solute content slow down the rate of dissolution.

By dissolving the solute in the solvent, a solution is created. Dissolution is the process through which solutes that have been dissolved into a solvent form a solution. A solution of the gas, liquid, or solid in the original solvent is created during this procedure.

Solution stirring: Solution stirring results in a greater interaction between the solvent and the solute, speeding up the rate of dissolution.

The solute's surface area is: It is easier for the solute to interact with the solvent when the solute has a lower surface area. Therefore, the rate of disintegration increases with decreasing surface area.

Temperature of the Solvent Because the solvent's molecules have more energy at higher temperatures, more substances often dissolve in it, which increases the amount of molecular interaction between the solvent's and solute's molecules.

Because there is less solute in the solution, there will be less contact between the solute and the solvent, which will result in a slower rate of dissolution (even though a solution will still be formed).

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The enthalpy of a system refers to the heat content of the system. In an endothermic reaction, the enthalpy of the system increases because heat is being absorbed from the surroundings. In an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy of the system decreases because heat is being released to the surroundings.

The temperature of the surroundings can also be affected by endothermic and exothermic reactions. In an endothermic reaction, the temperature of the surroundings decreases because heat is being absorbed by the system. In an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the surroundings increases because heat is being released by the system.

In summary, endothermic reactions absorb heat and have a positive enthalpy change, while exothermic reactions release heat and have a negative enthalpy change. The temperature of the system and the surroundings will change in opposite directions in endothermic and exothermic reactions.

A molar empirical mass of 60 g is present ( same as the given molar mass ). Consequently, the molecular formula is CN2OH4.

After dividing the actual yield produced in the lab by the predicted theoretical yield, multiply the result by 100 to determine the yield percentage.

Percent recovery is calculated as the difference between what you actually gathered and what you were expected to collect. Consider that after recrystallization, you obtained 7.0 g of dry pure material from 10.0 g of impure material. Your recovery rate is then 70% (7/10 x 100).

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Answer:

Single replacement

Explanation: Al is replacing Cu

The energy of a wave with a wavelength of 7.3E-9 m is 2.72 x 10^-17 Joules.

The wavelength is described as the spatial period of a periodic wave the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

To calculate the energy, we use the Planck's equation

E = h x c / λ

substitute the values of the given parameters, we have

Planck's constant in joules (h = 6.6261 × 10⁻³⁴ J⋅s),

speed of light (c = 299792458 m/s).

λ  =  7.3E-9 m

Energy =  6.6261 × 10⁻³⁴ x  (299792458/   7.3E-9 m)

Energy = 2.72 x 10^-17 Joules.

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The periodic table is a chart that arranges elements in a useful and logical manner. Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number, lined up so elements that exhibit similar properties are arranged in similar rows or columns as others.

There is a total of about 94 elements on the periodic table that occur in nature. Remaining all of the other elements are strictly human-made. Some sources state most elements occur naturally because heavy elements may transition between elements as they undergo radioactive decay.

The First artificially made element was Technetium. Technetium is the lightest element that has only radioactive isotopes (none are stable).

The rows in the periodic table are called periods.

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Because AgCl is insoluble in water. But Cu2Cl2, MgCl2 are soluble in water.

Silver chloride, AgCl, is a white crystalline solid with a poor water solubility. AgCl occurs naturally as the mineral chlorargyrite. When exposed to sunshine or heat, silver chloride oxidises to silver and chlorine.

AgCl has various disinfecting and antiseptic qualities and is also used to treat mercury toxicity. This substance is used in antimicrobials, wound healing products, personal deodorants, water treatment, and antidotes.

Ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact are all harmful. Prolonged exposure can cause argyria, a blue discoloration of the skin. Irritating to the eyes and skin. Dangerous to the environment.

Light sensitive compounds include silver chloride. They may also respond to light extremely quickly and lose their characteristics. As a result, they must be stored in dark bottles to prevent light from entering.

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organic compound contains 73.14% carbon, 7.37% hydrogen and the rest oxygen. if the mole mass of this compound was 82.1 grams per mole. the empirical formula for this compound would be C10H12O2

73.14% C , 7.37% H  , 19.49 % O

lets say there are 100g of compound then there are 73.14g C , 7.37g H  , 19.49g O

no of moles of C = 73.14 / 12.01 = 6.09 mol

no of moles of H = 7.37/1.0079 = 7.31 mol

no of moles of O = 19.49/15.9994 = 1.22 mol

now divide by the smallest no of moles( 1.22 mol) for each

we get C:H:O = 4.99 : 5.99 : 1.00

therefore C5H6O is the empirical formula

molecular formula = n ( C5H6O)

n = molecular mass / empirical mass of compound = 164.2 / 82 = 2

molecular formula =2( C5H6O) = C10H12O2

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Bulk polymerization is rarely adopted for large scale free radical polymerization because the process is not easily controlled

Bulk polymerization is an open system in which the reactants are not isolated from the surrounding environment, making it possible for external sources to influence the reaction conditions. In bulk polymerization, the entire mixture of monomers, initiator, and catalysts is placed in a single vessel and the reaction proceeds in a single, large-scale batch. This can lead to a number of problems, including uneven heat distribution, oxygen depletion, and uncontrolled reaction rates. Moreover, it is difficult to separate the desired product from the unreacted monomers and other byproducts, which can lead to product contamination. Additionally, bulk polymerization is usually limited to lower molecular weight poly This type of polymerization makes it difficult to maintain a constant monomer concentration and reaction temperature, both of which are crucial components in regulating free radical polymerization. In addition, bulk polymerization is more likely to produce byproducts that degrade the polymer's quality. All of these problems make bulk polymerization an ineffective and potentially hazardous choice for large-scale free radical polymerization.

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• 2KOH(aqueous) + CaCl2(aqueous)—Ca(OH)2(aqueous) + 2KCl

• AgNO3(aqueous) + KCl(aqueous)—AgCl(precipitate) + KNO3(aqueous)

• NaCl and aqueous AgNO3 (aqueous) AgCl + NaNO3 in water;

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl in water; MgCl2 (aqueous) + 2H2O(l)

How do you recognize a precipitation reaction in an equation?

Usually, only net ionic equations are used to describe precipitation reactions. A net ionic equation cannot be stated if all products are watery since all ions cancel each other out as spectator ions. As a result, there is no precipitation response.

An illustration of a precipitate equation

Precipitation reaction examples include adding 2 KI (aq.), 2 KNO3 (aq.), and PbI2 (s/ppt). Sodium chloride (NaCl) and insoluble barium sulfate are produced by the reaction of barium chloride (BaCl2) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) (BaSO4).

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Answer:

Ne < C2H6 < CH3OH < KNO3

Explanation: Boiling point is highest in Ne and least in KNO3

The summary clearly and precisely with accuracy highlights important facts about how chemical compounds form and other characteristics.

Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.

Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:

1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.

3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds

4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.

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Starting with solid 3-sulfolene and decomposing was easier than starting with gaseous 1,3-butadiene.

3-Sulfolene is used to produce 1,3-butadiene by decomposition with maleic anhydride in solution. The solution should be heated slightly to decompose all the sulfolene to butadiene which reacts with the anhydride.

Diene is produced in a reaction vessel by heating butadiene sulfone until it decomposes into 1,3-butadiene and sulfur dioxide. The Diels-Alder reaction involves the replacement of four pi electrons from the diene and two pi electrons from the dienophile. This reaction is used to generate vitamin B6. The activation energies for these processes are reached only at high temperatures.

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Here the correct conjugate acid-base pair will be: [tex]\mathrm{HSO}_3^{-} \:and\: \mathrm{SO}_3^{2-}[/tex]

Option (a) is the correct choice.

A conjugate acid-base pair, according to the Brnsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases, consists of two substances that are distinct only in that they contain a proton (H+). When a proton is supplied to a base, a conjugate acid is created, and vice versa when a proton is taken away from an acid, a conjugate base is created.

An illustration of a conjugate acid-base pair is HOCN and OCN-. There is only one proton (H+) that separates the two. Every base has a conjugate acid, and every acid has a conjugate base.

In the given chemical equation:

[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& \mathrm{HSO}_3{ }^{-}+{{\mathrm{CN}^-} \longrightarrow \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\mathrm{HCN}+\mathrm{SO}_3^2}^{2-} \\& \text { acid base } \text { conjugate base } \text { conjugate acid} \\& &\end{aligned}$$[/tex]

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The complete question should be like:

Identify the acid and conjugate base pair in the following:

[tex]$$\mathrm{HSO}_3{ }^{-}+\mathrm{CN}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{HCN}+\mathrm{SO}_3{ }^{2-}$$[/tex]

[tex](a) \:\mathrm{HSO}_3^-$ and $\mathrm{SO}_3{ }^{2-}\\(b) \:\mathrm{HCN}$ and $\mathrm{SO}_3{ }^{2-}\\(c) \:HSO_3^-$ and $CN^-\\(d)\: \mathrm{CN^-}$ and $S0_3{ }^{2-}[/tex]

Answer:

C6H12O6 is molar mass of fructose

Explanation:

the major component of honey is fructose.180.16g/mol

At any time for at least the last years C) 65,000 years.

To protect the climate and to mitigate climate change, firstly we have to control the emission of the greenhouse gases. Burning of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum etc releases a huge quantity of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Therefore, reducing the greenhouse gas emission is important to mitigate or stop climate change.

C) 650,000 years

Over the past 650,000 years, there has been almost seven cycles of glaciation(glacial advance and retreat) leading to excessively high carbon dioxide levels.

Thus, option C is the correct choice.

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A solution of 9% (by weight) ethylene glycol (62 g/mol) in water at 25 °C has a vapor pressure of 23.1 torr.

Raoult's Law.

Consider a 100 g solution.

Ethylene glycol mass is 9 g

water mass is 100 g - 9 g = 91 g moles.

Ethylene glycol = 9 g times 1 mole/62 g =0.1451 moles.

moles water = 9 g x 1 mole/18 g = 5.0555 moles water

Total moles are equal to 0.1451 + 5.0555 = 5.2006 moles

the mole percentage of water = 5.0555 moles/5.2006 moles  = 0.9720

Vapor pressure is equal to the mole percentage of water times the pure water vapor pressure (0.9720)(23.8 torr) = 23.1359 torr.

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These stars are so cool that nearly all of the hydrogen atoms are in the ground state that's why don't we see hydrogen Balmer lines in the spectra of stars with temperatures of 3,200 k.

The hydrogen emission spectrum includes the Balmer series as a subset. In the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, only these lines are present. The hydrogen Rydberg constant has a value of 109,677 cm. The section of the hydrogen emission spectrum known as the Balmer series is essentially where an electron is energised to go from the second shell to any other shell. Other transitions follow suit and have their own series titles. Here is a list of a few of them:

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Yes, Water moves through osmosis as it transitions from a high concentration to a low concentration. Osmosis via the dialysis tube was demonstrated by the fact that there was an increase in liquid in the dialysis bag and a decrease in water and iodine solution in the cup.

Osmosis is the passage of water through a membrane, and movement occurs continuously. A membrane is not required for diffusion, which is the movement of molecules.

They both transition from a high concentration to a low concentration, they don't require energy, and they happen in both plants and animals.

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The formula for the fluoride of e most likely to be EF4.

Define electron configuration.

The most common nomenclature for describing an atom's electronic configuration is its electron configuration. We allow each electron to occupy an orbital under the orbital approximation, which can be solved by a single wave function.

Since the valency of the element E is 4 and and the valency of flourine is 1, the compound of these two elements will have the formula EF4.

Therefore, the formula for the fluoride of e most likely to be EF4.

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The freezing point of a 0.09500 m aqueous solution of glucose is -0.1767 °C.

Let's use the freezing point depression's accumulative feature.

ΔT=Kf.m.i

i= Van't Hoff factor (number of ions dissolved). Due to the non-electrolyte nature of glucose, I = 1

m = molality (mol of solute/kilogram of solvent).

We have these numbers → is 0.095 m

The freezing-point-depression constant for water Kf is 1.86 °C/m when

ΔT = T° freezing pure solvent - T° freezing solution

(0° - T° freezing solution)=  1.86 °C/m for . 0.095 m. 1

T° of freezing solution= 1.86 °C/m. 0.095 m . 1 → -0.1767°C

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Mg(OH)[tex]_{2}\\[/tex] + 2HCl [tex]- >[/tex] HgCl[tex]\\_{2}[/tex] +2H[tex]_{2}[/tex]O

200Mg(OH)[tex]_{2}\\[/tex]  = 200/58.32 of Mg(OH)[tex]_{2}\\[/tex] = 3.429 mol of Mg(OH)[tex]_{2}\\[/tex]

1 mole of Mg(OH)[tex]_{2}\\[/tex] reacts with 2 moles of HCl = 10.125 moles of HCl

therefore result from the above equation is 6.858 moles of HCl .

Excess remaing HCl in the solution is 3.267 moles

we have to titrate the solution with 0.100M of NaOH.

HCl +NaOH [tex]- >[/tex] NaCl+ H[tex]_{2}[/tex]O

therefor the amount of NaOH required is 3.267/0.100

it is 32.67 ml

32.7ml of 0.100 m naoh would be needed to back titrate an analytical solution containing at most 200 mg of mg(oh)2 (fw 58.32) to which 45.0 ml of 0.225m hcl was added

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The fluorine - nuclide radioactively decays by electron capture. (9+1)18F -> (8)18O + e^- + v_e is the balanced nuclear chemical equation that describes this process.

Radioactive decay is a process in which an unstable nucleus emits particles or radiation in order to become more stable. Electron capture is a type of radioactive decay in which an inner atomic electron is captured by the nucleus, combining with a proton to form a neutron. This process results in the emission of an electron neutrino and a reduction in the atomic number of the nucleus by one.

To write a balanced nuclear chemical equation that describes the electron capture decay of a fluorine-nuclide, we can use the following general form:

(Z+1)A X -> (Z)A Y + e^- + v_e

where (Z+1)A X is the initial nuclide, (Z)A Y is the final nuclide, e^- is the captured electron, and v_e is the electron neutrino. The atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) of the nuclides are indicated in parentheses.

In this case, the initial nuclide is the fluorine-nuclide, which has an atomic number of 9 (Z+1) and a mass number of 18 (A). The final nuclide is an isotope of oxygen, which has an atomic number of 8 (Z) and the same mass number as the initial nuclide (A).

The balanced nuclear chemical equation for the electron capture decay of the fluorine-nuclide would be:

(9+1)18F -> (8)18O + e^- + v_e

It is important to note that this is a general equation for electron capture decay and does not represent the specific decay of any particular fluorine-nuclide. The actual decay of a specific nuclide may involve the emission of other particles or radiation in addition to the electron and electron neutrino.

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The reaction is exergonic. that is the free energy change delta G for a reaction is -46.11 kJ/mol, the reaction is exergonic.

Chemical thermodynamics, exergonic reactions are chemical reactions in which the change in free energy is negative (there is a net release of free energy).

This shows the spontaneous reaction when the system is closed and the initial and final temperatures are the same.

Reactions can be endergonic or exergonic. Endergonic reactions require heat or energy input. The exergonic reaction is the opposite. it gives off heat. Answer and Explanation:

Reactions with negative values of G are exergonic, meaning they release heat.

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2.17x10^-33kj/mol of energy is damaged by the photons which are caused by the light.

The Energy of Proton:

The energy of a photon has a direct relationship with the frequency of the photon. It can be defined as the energy a single photon carries.

The amount of energy is directly proportional to the photon's electromagnetic frequency and thus, equivalently, is inversely proportional to the wavelength.

Given that:

The light lies between 445nm and 470nm. so the value of c is 15nm

wavelength=4577.5nm

If the photon's wavelength is known, the photon's energy can be calculated using the formula :

[tex]E=\frac{h c}{wavelength}[/tex]

h is Planck's constant,h=6.626x10^-34  c is the speed of light and the wavelength of the radiation are all represented in the equation.

Now substitute the values in the formula,

[tex]E=\frac{ 6.626*10^-34*15}{457.5}[/tex]

E=2.17x10^-33kj/mol

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390 seconds are required for the conversion of benzoyl chloride to benzoic acid.

Benzoyl chloride is also known as benzene carbonyl chloride. Benzoyl chloride has the chemical formula C7H5ClO. It is a colourless liquid with a boiling point of 198° and a strong odour in moist air.

It has a strong odour and causes excessive watering of the eyes and nose. It is practically insoluble in water.

Benzoyl chloride is used for the following purposes:

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If the reaction occurs at 298K and 1 atmosphere of pressure, the work done by the CO₂ is -24.8 Joules.

Work is the energy required to move something against a force. The energy of a system can change due to work and other forms of energy transfer such as heat. Gases do expansion or compression work with the equation W = - P * ΔV.

From the question given

molarity of (NaHCO₃) = 0.1m

Volume of NaHCO₃ (V) = 100ml * 10⁻³ L / 1 ml = 0.1L

T (temperature) = 298k

P (pressure) = 1atm

moles of NaHCO₃

= molarity * Volume in Liters

= 0.1m * 0.1L = 0.01L

NaHCO₃ + HCl -> CO₂ + H₂O + NaCl

moles of CO₂ = moles of NaHCO₃ * (coefficient of CO₂ / Coefficient of NaHCO₃)

= 0.01L * 1/1

= 0.01 mol (moles of CO₂)

so, initial moles of CO₂ = 0

final moles of CO₂ = 0.01mol (based from the calculation)

Δn 0.01 - 0 = 0.01mol

Now, let's use work formula (as mentioned above on explanation part)

Work = - P * ΔV

= - Δn * R *T

Where R = 8.314J / mol.K

= - ( 0.01mol * 8.314 J / mol*K * 298K)

= -24.8J

Therefore, the work done by the CO₂ on this 100ml solution is -24.8Joules.

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Answer:

MgS thus, magnesium sulphide