Creatinine is constantly released from muscle tissue and excreted primarily by glomerular filtration. Correct answer: letter C.
Since, creatinine is a nitrogenous waste compound produced as a byproduct of muscle metabolism.
How does this creatinine process occur in muscle tissue?Creatinine It is constantly released from the muscle tissue and excreted primarily by glomerular filtration in the kidneys. Glomerular filtration is the main process by which the kidneys filter out and excrete waste products and other unwanted molecules from the bloodstream.
The kidneys are responsible for removing creatinine from the body as part of their filtration process. If the kidneys are unable to filter creatinine efficiently, it can build up in the bloodstream and cause serious health problems.
Creatinine is primarily excreted by glomerular filtration, after being constantly released from which type of tissue?
A) Nervous system
B) Kidneys
C) Muscle
D) Liver
Learn more about this creatinine process occur in muscle tissue:
https://brainly.com/question/29520680
#SPJ4
although women's wages are improving, department of labor statistics show that the ratio of their earnings with that of men have been roughly static since 1960. True or False
The excerpt was false in its structure. We should use to rather than with, then the correct structure was, although women's wages are improving, department of labor statistics show that the ratio of their earnings to those of men has been roughly static since 1960.
What are some gender biases in the workplace?In business, women continue to experience the negative effects of gender bias, namely lower pay women's annual earnings were less than 83% of men's in 2020 with an even wider pay gap for women of color, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data.Main issues of gender discrimination is, women and girls are most likely to experience the negative impacts of gender discrimination. It can mean restricted access to education, a lower standing in society, less freedom to make decisions around their personal and family life, and lower wages for the jobs and work they do.Learn more about gender discrimination here: brainly.com/question/29404586
#SPJ4
which of the following refunds some or all of the social security and income taxes the working poor pay?
Earned Income Tax Credit are some of the social security and income taxes the working poor pay .
A progressive tax is the income tax. the following taxes: excise, inheritance, capital gains, gift, import, "sin taxes," corporate income tax, sales tax, FICA (Social Security, Medicare), unemployment, and excise. Government public expenditures like building roads, schools, and hospitals as well as local government services like police and fire departments, parks and playgrounds, and public libraries are all paid for by taxes.
FICA tax, also known as the Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax, is a wage tax used to pay for Social Security and Medicare. In order to fund federal or state programs, payroll taxes are levied in the form of Social Security and personal income taxes on an employee's wage or compensation.
To know more about FICA visit :
https://brainly.com/question/15183057
#SPJ4
Under the BLANK, success is usually measured by how well companies achieve recruitment, promotion, and retention goals for women, people of different racial/ethnic backgrounds, or other underrepresented groups.Discrimination and fairness paradigm
c. Discrimination and fairness paradigm.
Under the Discrimination and fairness paradigm, success is usually measured by how well companies achieve recruitment, promotion, and retention goals for women, people of different racial/ethnic backgrounds, or other underrepresented groups.
The "Discrimination-and-Fairness Paradigm" emphasizes equal opportunity, fair treatment, recruiting minorities, and adherence to the legislation regarding equal opportunity. "Differences are meaningless; we are all the same." Not only does it insist that everyone is the same, but it also puts pressure on employees to ensure that significant disparities among them do not matter by emphasizing equal treatment.
Discrimination-and-Fairness Paradigm Mainly focuses on are:
Equal opportunity, fair treatment, hiring minorities, and rigorous adherence to equal employment opportunity regulations.The success of a company is typically determined by how successfully it meets its recruitment, promotion, and retention targets for women, people from underrepresented racial or ethnic groups, or other groups.Fairer treatment of employees and increased demographic diversity are the key benefits.Main drawback: Diversity is still mostly focused on surface-level diversity
To know more about Discrimination and fairness paradigm visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/29442783#
#SPJ4
Complete Question:
Under the BLANK, success is usually measured by how well companies achieve recruitment, promotion, and retention goals for women, people of different racial/ethnic backgrounds, or other underrepresented groups.
a. discrimination and fairness paradigm
b. array-oriented paradigm
c. learning and effectiveness paradigm
d. access and legitimacy paradigm
which of the following is not considered one of the six core principles of feminist therapy? an intrapsychic orientation the person is political recognition of all types of oppression an egalitarian therapeutic relationship commitment to social change
Answer:
An intrapsychic orientation is not considered one of the six core principles of feminist therapy.
Explanation:
An intrapsychic orientation is not considered one of the six core principles of feminist therapy. The six core principles of feminist therapy are: recognition of all types of oppression, an egalitarian therapeutic relationship, the person is political, the therapist is political, commitment to social change, and recognition of the social and cultural context of the person's life.
in which of the following sections of a commercial auto policy will you find specific information about the policy period?
In the conditions section of a commercial auto policy, We will find specific information about the policy period.
Physical damage and liability coverages for commercial vehicles are provided by a separate insurance policy for amounts, circumstances, and usage not covered by a personal auto insurance policy. This kind of business insurance covers a number of commercial vehicles, including company cars and other vehicles used for work-related activities as well as a wide range of commercial trucks and vehicles.
As your personal auto policy, commercial vehicle insurance offers similar coverages like liability, collision, comprehensive, medical payments, and uninsured motorist protection.
To learn more about commercial auto policy, visit the link below:
brainly.com/question/28234312
#SPJ4
according to jung's hypothesis, which of the following refers to the primitive images contained in the collective unconscious?
According to Jung, the collective unconscious is a storehouse of knowledge and imagery that each person is born with and that all humans share as a result of ancestral experience.
The phrase "collective unconscious" originally appears in Jung's 1916 essay, "The Structure of the Unconscious". This essay distinguishes between the "personal" Freudian unconscious, which is replete with sexual fantasies and repressed imagery, and the "collective" unconscious, which encompasses humanity's soul as a whole.
The personal unconscious is the level of consciousness in which they are contained. It encompasses ideas and sensations that are not currently part of conscious consciousness, as well as both past and future content, such as his ability to communicate with the departed.
Learn more about to unconscious visit here;
https://brainly.com/question/13068717
#SPJ4
which of the following is true about the relationship between culture and communication, as discussed in the textbook?
The following is true about the relationship between culture and communication, as discussed in the textbook is False.
Context commonly is created via way of means of the bodily or social components of the state of affairs wherein verbal exchange occurs. The bodily traits of the putting impact the verbal exchange.
Intercultural verbal exchange refers back to the verbal exchange among human beings from one-of-a-kind cultures. Intercultural verbal exchange is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual system wherein human beings from one of a kind cultures create shred meanings.After understanding how others might also additionally interpret your words, you may perceive approaches to speak empathetically and successfully with various audiences, whilst locating approaches to reduce any ability misunderstandings.
The context is essentially the heritage or framework surrounding the act of verbal exchange. In this sense, tradition, as a great deal as grammar and vocabulary, has a effective impact on verbal exchange. The well-known anthropologist, Edward T. Hall, studied the impact of context and tradition on verbal exchange.
Learn more about communication here:
https://brainly.com/question/4999885
#SPJ4
While you are enjoying your day off at home, you see your neighbor beating up his 11 year old daughter in the backyard. Which of the following BEST fulfills your ethical responsibility?
A you must file a report with Child Protective Services
B you may file a report with Child Protective Services
C you should discuss this with the neighbor, then file a report
D you must not take any action
The correct option is C. You should discuss this with the neighbor, then file a report if you see your neighbor beating up his 11 year old daughter in the backyard. This ethical responsibility must be fulfilled.
The capacity to perceive, interpret, and act in accordance with a variety of moral precepts and norms within a certain industry or situation is known as ethical responsibility. In conclusion, morality and social responsibility are crucial in business since they draw clients, keep investors, and enhance a company's standing abroad. Through the definition of terms like good and evil, correct and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime, ethics aims to answer concerns about human morality. Moral philosophy has connections to value theory, descriptive ethics, and moral psychology as areas of academic study.
Learn more about ethical responsibility here:
https://brainly.com/question/6818738
#SPJ4
An example of a letter to an editor about a nuclear power plant that is being built near by.
Answer:
e
Explanation:
333
Research on corporal punishment (physical punishment, inflicting pain) indicates that it
Evidence shows corporal punishment increases children’s behavioural problems over time and has no positive outcomes.
What is corporal punishment?
The term "corporal punishment" refers to the purposeful infliction of physical harm as a way of altering conduct. There are two main settings where children in the United States are subjected to physical punishment: their families and their schools. One way to think at corporal punishment in the home is as a type of familial violence.
Children who are extremely young, teenagers who are pregnant, and male adolescents between the ages of 15 and 17 are the targets of the worst types of physical punishment. The most popular type of physical punishment employed by parents to control kids is spanking. The use of spanking as a form of punishment is debatable. Parents frequently view slapping as a beneficial and effective technique for raising kids that instills principles and values.
to learn more about punishment click:
https://brainly.com/question/8517742
#SPJ1
census data suggests that the overall number of older adults living in poverty has since the 1960s.
Declined
This is the answer for workbook.
Imagine that your favorite team has just won the World Series. According to research on deindividuation, which of the following psychological conditions MUST be met to turn the revelers into a destructive mob? (Select ALL that apply) arousal sensory deprivation anonymity self-awareness empathy
According to research on deindividuation, the word "awareness" refers to the fact that various awareness campaigns, including those for environmental to awareness. The correct response is A. social facilitation self-awareness
Self-awareness, have been carried out in order to inform people of the events that have been taking place in the world. These campaigns have been carried out in order to promote better work and global progress self-awareness is the ability.
To be more conscious of things that are unselfish by having the correct knowledge about ourselves, having better job, and progressing to greater goals in life. Self-awareness enables a person to be more aware of their surroundings and to be more productive while doing so.
complete question:
Imagine that your favorite team has just won the World Series. According to research on deindividuation, which of the following psychological conditions MUST be met to turn the revelers into a destructive mob? (Select ALL that apply) arousal sensory deprivation anonymity self-awareness empathy
A. social facilitation self-awareness
B. deindividuation anonymity
C. groupthink anonymity
D. social loafing
To know more about self awareness visit:
https://brainly.com/question/9904853
#SPJ4
Occasionally students may be tempted to cheat during a formal classroom assessment. With the textbook's recommendations in mind, choose the best strategy for addressing cheating.Keep a watchful eye on the class during the assessment, and impose a reasonable consequence when cheating does occur.
Keep a watchful eye on the class during the assessment, and impose a reasonable consequence when cheating does occur.
Assessment as getting to know: occurs whilst college students reflect on and reveal their development to tell their future studying desires (formative assessment) assessment of gaining knowledge of takes place while teachers use evidence of pupil learning to make decisions on student success against desires and standards (summative evaluation).
Assessment is the systematic collection, assessment, and use of statistics about educational programs to improve pupil learning. assessment specializes in what college students understand, what they're able to do, and what values they have got after they graduate.
Learn more about assessment here https://brainly.com/question/27724137
#SPJ4
which of the following statements is accurate? which of the following statements is accurate? differences in levels and types of education explain why, on the average, men earn more than women. the law treats sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination. the supreme court has established a hard and fast line between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans. men cannot be victims of sexual harassment.
A. Differences in levels and types of education explain why, on average, men earn more than women.
There is a long-standing gender wage gap in the United States, with women earning 79 cents for every dollar earned by men. This discrepancy can largely be attributed to differences in levels and types of education.
Women are more likely to take time off from the workforce to care for children and may be more likely to pursue lower-paying fields in the humanities.
Additionally, women are more likely to work part-time or in positions with fewer hours than men, which further contributes to the wage gap. As a result, women are less likely to advance in their careers and are thus less likely to earn a higher salary.
For more questions like Education click the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/29355222
#SPJ4
Which of the following statements is the most accurate definition of effectiveness?
a. A measure of a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions.
b. Testing a vaccine in a group of consenting individuals.
c. The process of making the best use of scarce resources.
d. The effects or end results achieved in relation to the effort expended in terms of money, resources, and time.
e. Testing a vaccine in a community where some of individuals do not want to be vaccinated.
Testing a vaccine in a community where some of individuals do not want to be vaccinated is the most accurate definition of effectiveness
The testing of mission objectives and the delivery of intended results are measured by metrics of effectiveness (MOE). They can be expressed as probabilities that the system will function as needed, and they quantify the outcomes to be obtained by a system.
Determine Compliance, You must first determine whether your team is following the stages in your core process, Calculate Frequency, How frequently is the step taken? It probably isn't worth measuring on a weekly scorecard if it is only done once every three months, evaluate the results, This is a measurement of the desired outcome. The process should result in the right outcome if all the steps are carried out as instructed.
To learn more about Testing refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/3131098
#SPJ4
PLEASE HELP 40 POINT PLEASE 40 POINTS ASAP
One of the major failures of Reconstruction efforts was that:
A.
maintaining martial law in the South greatly weakened the U.S. military.
B.
the Freedmen's Bureau was taken over by Southern plantation owners.
C.
African Americans lost their civil rights when federal troops left the South.
D.
Congress refused to admit African Americans elected to represent the South.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
how does the world bank classify as rich (r) or poor (p) the following countries: bangladesh, israel, north korea, south korea?
Bangladesh and North Korea are categorized as poor countries by the World Bank, while Israel and South Korea are categorized as rich nations.
How does the World Bank categorize nations?Based on the World Bank's operational policies, countries' economies are categorized as IDA, IBRD, or Blend countries. Low-income nations that are unable to borrow money from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development are known as International Development Association (IDA) countries (IBRD).
How does the World Bank categorize nations based on their level of social and economic development?The World Bank uses estimates of gross national income (GNI) per capita to categorize the world's economies. This may have been referred to as the gross national product, or GNP, in earlier World Bank publications.
To learn more about Gross National Income here:
https://brainly.com/question/1394665
#SPJ4
a health psychologist is interested in the possible effect of having to wait in a long (vs. short) line on attitudes toward the covid-19 vaccine. she conducts a survey at two local vaccination sites---one that always has long lines and another that always has short lines. in both cases, she approaches people waiting in line and asks them to fill out a brief survey assessing their attitudes toward the vaccine. afterward, she conducts an independent t-test and finds that people in the longer line had more negative attitudes toward the vaccine than did people in the shorter line.
Long wait times and a higher risk of infection had a severe psychological impact on those receiving the Covid-19 vaccine, which was shown in their substantially more negative attitudes regarding it.
Any circumstance with potential risk is anticipated by the human mind. In this specific instance, the human mind has already considered the possibility of virus exposure due to long wait times and a crowded line. Additionally, the anticipation brought on by standing in lengthy lines makes individuals uncomfortable, and when waiting in long lines, people engage in conversations with their fellow bystanders on the efficacy of vaccines. This makes it more likely that people may question the vaccine's necessity and efficacy.
To know more about Covid-19 vaccine:
https://brainly.com/question/29189168
#SPJ4
All of the following are advantages of using an ethogram rather than traditional animal observation EXCEPT
All of the following are advantages of using an ethogram rather than traditional animal observation an ethogram is quicker to use. Zoology, the research of animal biology, includes the subfield of ethology.
As the name suggests, observation is a method of gathering facts via watching. This type of data collection is categorized as an applications related since the researcher must spend time with her respondents in their environment while writing notes and/or recording. A variety of techniques, including listening, interpreting, touching, and documenting behavior and phenomenon features, can be used to acquire data through observation. It is significant to highlight that the approach of collecting data through observation may raise certain ethical concerns.
Learn more about Observation here:
https://brainly.com/question/28365517
#SPJ4
which of the following is not an idea for bridging differences in a group? multiple choice appreciate the value of diversity. try to focus on the similarities while ignoring the differences. talk openly about how you will integrate your differences. form a group identity around your differences. openly acknowledge differences.
Recognizing the importance of diversity Isn't the concept of a group bridging differences. The right response in this case is option A.
While overcoming past interpersonal or political confrontations or creating an alliance between organizations who were formerly adversaries in order to work toward a similar objective can be part of bridging gaps, sometimes the focus is on smaller changes. That might only include making an intention or being flexible in the future.
Members are more aware of one another's limits, respect one another's uniqueness, and understand one another better. Roles and duties should be assigned in accordance with each person's strengths to ensure that the group as a whole function effectively.
To learn more about group bridging
https://brainly.com/question/1578636
#SPJ4
Marius takes a gender-role scale that is based on the androgyny model of gender type. The results will place in one _________ different groups
A. two
B. Four
C. Six
D. Eight
B. Four Marius It is obvious that when Marius talks about androgyny, he is referring to the gender identities and roles that are engaged in this situation.
gender-role As a result, she thinks both equally affect the possibilities and talents offered to androgynous people in society. Let's begin by defining the term "androgyny," which refers to possessing traits from both men and women. André stands for the masculine, while gyny represents the feminine. gender-role The correct response is "androgynous," which refers to having both masculine and female characteristics. This is in line with the androgyny concept. In other words, it is advantageous if a lady (or a person) is flexible.
learn more about gender-role here:
https://brainly.com/question/6052728
#SPJ4
According to the general model of stress, there are four stressors: intrinsic work factors, role variables, career development and:A)copingB)depressionC)self-esteemD)interpersonal relationships
According to the general model of stress, there are four stressors: intrinsic work factors, role variables, career development and interpersonal relationships.
Write an overview about the general model of stress?The personal resources, which comprise self-concepts (such as self-esteem, self-competence, mastery, and self-efficacy), and the social support (such as emotional, instrumental, perceived, and structural) components, are often split into two major domains in the stress process model (Pearlin, 1989). Positive coping mechanisms are believed to help people manage stress in a way that doesn't exacerbate psychological discomfort. These mechanisms include the existence of social support and positive feelings about oneself. The procedure is complicated, as was already said. Long-term stress can significantly affect one's sense of control, self-worth, and interactions with others, which can cause social networks to become smaller. The Theory of Emotion (James-Lange), The Emergency Theory (Cannon-Bard), and The Theory of Emotion were the earliest psychological theories of stress (Schachter-Singer).
To know more about general model of stress, visit:
brainly.com/question/6369635
#SPJ4
Mr. Phillips, a new patient arrives for his appointment & has his service dog with him. Because he needs your assistance in completeing the required forms due to blindness, he said to have ____________ needs or be _______________, more positive terms than disabled.
Special , differently abled
Mr. Phillips requires your assistance in completing the appropriate forms owing to blindness; he stated that he has Special needs or is differently abled, which are more positive phrases than impaired.
Blindness is a novel written by the Portuguese novelist José Saramago in 1995. It is probably of Saramago's most well-known works, alongside The Gospel According the Jesus Christ & Baltasar and Blimunda. Saramago was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1998, and one of his works mentioned by the committee while announcing the award was Blindness. In 2004, Seeing, the sequel, was released. Blindness was made into a film of the similar name in 2008. Blindness is the narrative of an inexplicable mass pandemic of blindness that affects practically everyone in a unnamed city, & the societal breakdown that ensues. The military fails to allow simple medicine to be given, ensuring that a simple illness becomes fatal.
Learn more about medicine here
https://brainly.com/question/14044990
#SPJ4
since leaded gasoline was phased out in the united states, one would expect to observe all of these, except:
CAN contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease , many exposed in the 1960s and 1970s , may have a negative effect in current cognitive functioning.
A degenerative neurologic condition called Alzheimer's disease results in the death of brain cells and brain shrinkage. The most frequent cause of dementia, which is characterized by a steady deterioration in mental, behavioral, and social abilities and impairs a person's capacity for independent functioning, is Alzheimer's disease.
In the United States, 5.8 million persons aged 65 and older have Alzheimer's disease. Eighty percent of them are 75 or older. Between 60% and 70% of the estimated 50 million dementia sufferers globally are thought to have Alzheimer's disease.
To know more about Alzheimer's disease :
https://brainly.com/question/13047912
#SPJ4
Nick sees Opal, a stranger, drowning in a pool, but does not attempt to rescue her. Opal could successfully sue Nick for ___. A) negligence per se. B) nothing, because he owed her no duty of care. C) a violation of the "danger invites rescue" rule. D) res ipsa loquitor.
Nick observes a stranger named Opal drowning in a pool but does nothing to save her. Nick owed Opal no duty of care, thus she could sue him for nothing. The right response in this case is option B.
People have a "duty of care" to act in a specific way and in compliance with certain norms toward other people. The meaning of the phrase might vary based on the legal context in which it is employed.
Working in accordance with your duty of care and protecting adults is not only required by law, but it will also be in the best interests of those you are responsible for by enabling you to provide high-quality care, lower workplace incidents, and create a safer environment, and give people the confidence to voice any worries they may have.
To learn more about the duty of care
https://brainly.com/question/29395492
#SPJ4
this type of logical fallacy often employs absolute terms such as always, never, and everyone group of answer choices
They use absolute terms such as never, always, and forever) Popular media, assuming that all the public can handle are "soundbites. of logical fallacy often employs.
What is the fallacy?A fallacy is the use of flawed thinking, sometimes known as "wrong movements," in the development of an argument. If the fallacy is not recognized, the argument may appear stronger than it actually is. The Aristotelian De Sophisticis Elenchis is where the phrase was first used in the Western intellectual tradition.
A fallacious argument is one that can be refuted with logic. A viewpoint must be logically defective or deceptive in some way in order to be considered a logical fallacy, unlike a subjective argument or one that can be refuted using facts.
Therefore, The audience can only take "soundbites," according to popular media, fallacy often employ
Learn more about fallacy here:
https://brainly.com/question/14669739
#SPJ1
the automobile driver steps on the brakes to avoid hitting a child. the driver does not hit the child and feels relieved.
The driver does not hit the child and feels relieved. operant conditioning
What is relieved?A person is informed that they are no longer needed to remain in their position if they are freed of their responsibilities or their role. [formal] Because the involved cop broke stringent rules, he was fired from his position. being VERB-ed + of relieved.
Operant conditioning, often known as instrumental conditioning, is a teaching strategy that uses rewards and penalties to alter behavior. relieved Through operant training, actions that are rewarded are more likely to be repeated than actions that are penalized.
Therefore. The driver is relieved that they didn't hit the kid. Oscillatory conditioning
Learn more about relieved here:
https://brainly.com/question/29643311
#SPJ1
In countries where men have greater educational and occupational advantages,
Violence against women is more common
Violence against women is less common
Violence against men is more common
Violence against men is less common
In countries where men have greater educational and occupational advantages Viol-ence against women is more common.
Hence, Option A is correct.
The World Health Organization defines violence in the WHO Report on Violence against Women and Children (WRVH) as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, or maldevelopment."
Physical violence happens when someone attempts to control another person's behavior by using a body part or an object. When someone says or does something to make another person feel foolish or unimportant, emotional violence has occurred.
To know more about Viol-ence here
https://brainly.com/question/28201287
#SPJ4
According to Sullivan, if the interpersonal tasks of adolescence are negotiated successfully, the young adolescent enters late
adolescence able to:
A. be intimate.
B. enjoy sex.
C. experience intimacy and sex in the same relationship.
D. All of the above.
According to Sullivan, if the interpersonal duties of adolescence are effectively resolved, the early adolescent approaches late adolescence with the ability to be intimate. Thus, the correct option is (A) to be intimate.
What is the age of adolescence?Adolescence is a period of physical and psychological maturation that occurs between puberty and adulthood. Although adolescence is typically associated with adolescence, its physical, psychological, or cultural manifestations may begin earlier and conclude later. Today, puberty frequently begins in preadolescence, especially in girls. Physical and cognitive growth can last throughout adolescence. Age is only an approximation of adolescent development, and scholars have yet to agree on a definite definition. Some definitions begin at 10 and end as late as 25 or 26.
To learn more about adolescence, click
https://brainly.com/question/12945498
#SPJ1
padded dashboards in cars are safer in an accident than non-padded ones because passengers hitting the dashboard encounter
Padded dashboards in cars are safer in an accident than non-padded ones because passengers hitting the dashboard encounter increased time of impact.
When a accident occurs, the people sitting on the front are more vulnerable to injury than those at back. This is because they hit themselves on the dashboard of the vehicle which can cause major injury. Cars are provided with padded dashboards in order to prevent the serious injury. Padded dashboards have advantage over non-padded dashboards because they provide more time for the impact thus reducing the force of impact. Change in momentum takes place and for same amount of change in momentum if we increase the time period then the force decreases which the padded dashboards provide.
Learn more about Dashboards at:
brainly.com/question/1147194
#SPJ4