A cost that is constant within a relevant range but differs outside the relevant range of activity is best classified as Mixed Cost.
The pattern of a cost with respect to activity is called cost behavior, which is vital in cost accounting. The three primary cost behaviors in cost accounting are fixed costs, variable costs, and mixed costs. The cost behavior pattern for the cost is vital in distinguishing between the various types of expenses. Mixed costs are a combination of fixed and variable costs, with the variable component being constant within a certain range of production activity and the fixed component being constant for a specified time. Within the relevant range of production activity, mixed costs can be identified and separated into their fixed and variable components.The cost is a mixture of fixed and variable costs, but it exhibits different patterns of behavior at different activity levels. As a result, the term “mixed costs” is often used to describe them. Mixed costs are costs that include both a fixed and a variable element. They are also known as semi-variable costs because they increase as activity levels rise, but not proportionately. The fixed component of the mixed cost remains the same at all levels of activity, but the variable component varies with the level of activity.For instance, a rent that stays steady for a specific number of units produced or machine hours worked but changes when that range is exceeded is an example of a mixed cost. Electricity costs, on the other hand, are a combination of fixed and variable costs since they include a fixed monthly charge as well as charges based on usage.
Thus, in conclusion, A cost that is constant within a relevant range but differs outside the relevant range of activity is best classified as Mixed Cost.
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A cost that is constant within a relevant range but differs outside the relevant range of activity is best classified as a fixed cost. The correct option is B.
Within a specific spectrum of activity or level of production, a fixed cost is a cost that does not change. Regardless of the number of products or sales, it remains constant. However, if the activity level exceeds the acceptable limit, the fixed cost can cease to be constant and might even change.
For instance, fixed expenditures like rent or salary will not change if a business operates within a certain production capacity. However, if the business runs over that limit and wants to build new buildings or recruit more workers, the fixed expenses would rise.
Thus, the ideal selection is option B.
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Five years ago,Firm SJ purchased land for $121,000 with $10,000 of its own funds and $111,000 borrowed from a commercial bank The bank holds a recourse mortgage on the land.For each of the following independent transactions,compute SJ's positive or negative cash flow.Assume that SJ is solvent,any recognized loss is fully deductible,and SJ's marginal tax rate is 21 percent (Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.) Required: a.SJ sells the land for $54,000 cash and the buyer's assumption of the $80,000 principal balance of the mortgage b. SJ sells the land for $134,000 cash and pays off the $80,000 principal balance of the mortgage. c. SJ sells the land for $92,500 cash and pays off the $80,000 principal balance of the mortgage. d. SJ defaults on the $80,000 mortgage.The bank forecloses and sells the land at public auction for $66,100.The bank notifies SJ that it will not pursue collection of the $13,900 remaining debt. e. SJ defaults on the $80,000 mortgage. The bank forecloses and sells the land at public auction for $66,100. The bank requires SJ to pay off the$13,900 remaining debt.
(For all requirements, Negative amounts should be indicated by a Answer is complete but not entirely correct. a. Net cash flow $39,930 X
b. Net cash flow $51,270 V
c. Net cash flow $12,500 X
d. Net cash flow $8,610 V
e. Net cash flow $11,529 X
a. SJ sells the land for $54,000 cash, and the buyer assumes the $80,000 principal balance of the mortgage.
- Cash inflow from the sale: $54,000
- Cash outflow to pay off the mortgage: $0 (since the buyer assumes the mortgage)
- Net cash flow: $54,000
b. SJ sells the land for $134,000 cash and pays off the $80,000 principal balance of the mortgage.
- Cash inflow from the sale: $134,000
- Cash outflow to pay off the mortgage: $80,000
- Net cash flow: $54,000
c. SJ sells the land for $92,500 cash and pays off the $80,000 principal balance of the mortgage.
- Cash inflow from the sale: $92,500
- Cash outflow to pay off the mortgage: $80,000
- Net cash flow: $12,500
d. SJ defaults on the $80,000 mortgage. The bank forecloses and sells the land at public auction for $66,100. The bank forgives the remaining debt of $13,900.
- Cash inflow from the sale: $66,100
- Cash outflow to pay off the remaining debt: $0 (since it is forgiven)
- Net cash flow: $66,100
e. SJ defaults on the $80,000 mortgage. The bank forecloses and sells the land at public auction for $66,100. The bank requires SJ to pay off the remaining debt of $13,900.
- Cash inflow from the sale: $66,100
- Cash outflow to pay off the remaining debt: $13,900
- Net cash flow: $52,200 (66,100 - 13,900)
Updated cash flows :
a. Net cash flow: $54,000
b. Net cash flow: $54,000
c. Net cash flow: $12,500
d. Net cash flow: $66,100
e. Net cash flow: $52,200
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Choose the correct statement A. Labour hours are not all equally productive B. The aggregate production function is the relationship that tells us how real GOP changes as the real wage rate changes, when all other infuences on production remain the same C. An increase in the quantity of labour and a corresponding decrease in leisure hours shifts the production function upward D. An increase in the quantity of labour and a corresponding decrease in leisure hours will have no effect on real GDP
The correct statement is B. The aggregate production function is the relationship that tells us how real GOP changes as the real wage rate changes, when all other influences on production remain the same. The aggregate production function is the relationship that tells us how real GOP changes as the real wage rate changes when all other influences on production remain the same.
The function expresses how the factors of production interact to generate an economy's output. A change in the wage rate, for example, induces people to change the amount of work they provide. A change in the capital stock alters the economy's productive capacity.A labor hour is a unit of production in which the laborer puts forth a certain amount of effort. Not all labor hours are equal in terms of productivity. The productivity of an hour of labor varies depending on how much labor is already being used to create a good.
When the output per labor hour decreases as more hours of labor are employed in the production process, the production function has diminishing marginal productivity. This means that every additional hour of labor will add less to production than the previous hour.A change in the quantity of labor shifts the production function upwards and to the right. As a result, the output of production is increased. The increase in labor quantity is accompanied by a decrease in leisure hours, which helps to maintain the employment output relationship. The correct statement is B. The aggregate production function is the relationship that tells us how real GOP changes as the real wage rate changes when all other influences on production remain the same.
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Mr. Kinders has contributed $150.00 at the end of each six months into an RRSP paying 5% per annum compounded annually.
- How much will Mr. Kinders have in the RRSP after 12 years?
- How much of the above amount is interest?
(round to nearest cent)
The amount of interest earned by Mr. Kinders is $ 2834.48 (rounded to nearest cent).The given problem states that Mr. Kinders has contributed $150.00 at the end of each six months into an RRSP paying 5% per annum compounded annually.
We are supposed to calculate how much will Mr. Kinders have in the RRSP after 12 years and how much of the above amount is interest? Formula used:Compound interest formula is given by A=P(1+r/n)^(n*t) Where, A= final amount, P= principal amount, r= rate of interest, t= time, n= number of times interest is compounded.Using the above formula we get:
A=P(1+r/n)^(n*t)Given, Principal amount, P = $0 as it is given that Mr. Kinders has contributed $150.00 at the end of each six months for 12 years so he has contributed a total of$ 150 x 2 x 12 = $3600 Rate of interest, r= 5%Time, t = 12 years.
Number of times interest is compounded, n = 1 per annum (as interest is compounded annually)
We need to calculate the amount after 12 years. Therefore,A= $ 3600(1 + 5%/1)^(1 x 12)=$ 6434.48 (rounded to nearest cent)
Therefore, Mr. Kinders will have $6434.48 in the RRSP after 12 years.
Amount of interest earned = $ 6434.48 - $ 3600 = $ 2834.48 (rounded to nearest cent).Therefore, the amount of interest earned by Mr. Kinders is $ 2834.48 (rounded to nearest cent).
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The University of Ghana Business School wants to establish a campus in Nigeria. As the Officer in charge of Institutional Growth and Expansion, prepare a marketing research brief to XZee Consult, a marketing research firm in Ghana, for a marketing research support
The University of Ghana Business School (UGBS) is considering establishing a campus in Nigeria. The institution is one of the most reputable business schools in Africa and aims to extend its reach to other African countries.
As the Officer in charge of Institutional Growth and Expansion, I'm tasked with preparing a marketing research brief to XZee Consult, a marketing research firm in Ghana, to support the process.Main AnswerAs XZee Consult prepares for the marketing research, it's vital to establish the problem statement. The UGBS aims to understand the market needs in Nigeria and tailor its programs to meet these needs. Therefore, the primary research problem is to determine the viability of the UGBS in Nigeria.To ensure the study provides valuable information, the following research objectives should be considered:i. To identify the business programs that are in high demand in Nigeriaii. To determine the potential competitors in Nigeria's education sector and their strengths and weaknessesiii. To determine the preference of Nigerian students and employers regarding international qualifications and local ones.iv. To assess the expected demand for business education in Nigeria over the next five years.The methodology used should be both qualitative and quantitative. It's important to identify various stakeholders such as students, employers, and government regulatory bodies to provide a comprehensive analysis of the education sector in Nigeria. The research should involve collecting data from secondary sources such as government reports, education sector data, and research papers. Additionally, surveys and focus groups can be used to collect primary data.The data collected should be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics can be used to describe the characteristics of the population and the sample. Inferential statistics will be used to make generalizations about the population based on the sample data. A regression analysis can also be used to establish the relationship between the variables and make predictions on the future demand for business education.
The UGBS should consider establishing a campus in Nigeria. However, this decision should be based on well-informed market research. XZee Consult is an excellent partner for the research and will deliver comprehensive results. The study's success will depend on proper research design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Therefore, it's recommended that the research is conducted by experienced professionals using appropriate research methodologies. The research findings will be crucial in informing the UGBS' decision and ensuring its success in Nigeria.
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Given the following parameters:
U(x,y) = xy^2 ; Px = 1
Py = 1
M = 60
Find the value of Y that
maximizes utility for the consumer.
a.
20
b.
None of the above
c.
50
d.
40
e.
30
Correct option is D. The utility function of the consumer is given as U(x,y) = xy^2.The budget constraint of the consumer is given as Px * x + Py * y = M; Px = 1, Py = 1, and M = 60. From the budget constraint, we get
x = M/Px - Py * y
= 60/1 - 1 * y
= 60 - y.
Now we substitute this value of x in the utility function and simplify to get U(y) = [tex](60 - y) * y^2[/tex] = [tex]60y^2 - y^3.[/tex]
We maximize this function using differential calculus:
U'(y) = 120y - [tex]3y^2[/tex]. At the maximum, U'(y) = 0. Hence, 120y - [tex]3y^2[/tex]= 0 => y(120 - 3y) = 0
Hence, y = 0 or y = 120/3 = 40.
Since y cannot be 0 (because then there would be no consumption of the second good), we have y = 40.Therefore, the value of y that maximizes utility for the consumer is 40.
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How do large institutions like MicroStrategy invest massive cash into crypto assets like Bitcoin? Do these simply use the institution services provided by the exchanges, or are there particular approaches they use?
Large institutions like MicroStrategy invest massive cash into crypto assets like Bitcoin by using particular approaches such as OTC (over-the-counter) trading desks, private transactions, and direct purchases from crypto exchanges. These approaches allow institutions to invest huge sums of cash into crypto assets without having an impact on the market price and with limited price volatility.
OTC trading desks are private markets where institutions can buy or sell cryptocurrency without having to use public crypto exchanges, this allows institutions to trade large amounts of cryptocurrency without affecting the market price. Private transactions are another approach that institutions use to invest in cryptocurrencies. Private transactions allow institutions to trade cryptocurrency without using a public exchange and without disclosing their identity or the amount they are trading.
Direct purchases from crypto exchanges is the most common approach used by institutions to invest in cryptocurrencies. Institutions can use the services provided by the exchanges, such as Coinbase, Kraken, Binance, and others, to purchase cryptocurrencies. However, they usually have dedicated accounts and may use specific features and tools that are not available to individual traders. In conclusion, large institutions like MicroStrategy invest massive cash into crypto assets by using particular approaches such as OTC trading desks, private transactions, and direct purchases from crypto exchanges.
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BALSAM Company manufactures and sells guitars for beginning students.Their income statement for April was as follows: Sales Revenue $600.000 Less:Cost of Goods Sold 400,000 Gross Margin (Profit) 200,000 Less:Operating Expenses: Selling expenses 60.000 Administrative expenses 90,000 : 150.000 Net Operating Income ` $50,000 The product sells for S300 each.Variable selling expenses are $20 per unit sold with the remaining selling expenses being fixed.The administrative expenses are 40% fixed. The company's manufacturing costs are 25% fixed,with totalivariable manufacturing costs of $150 per unit Required:
Prepare an income statement using the contribution margin approach in suitable and detailed form and then show your all calculations that are being made.
Contribution margin refers to the amount of money remaining from sales revenue once variable expenses have been subtracted. It is the amount available to pay fixed costs and provide a profit for the company.
Cost of Goods Sold ($150 x 2,000 units) $300,000 Variable Selling Expenses ($20 x 2,000 units) $40,000 Total Variable Costs $340,000 Contribution Margin $260,000 Fixed Costs: Manufacturing ($100,000 x 25%) $25,000 Selling ($60,000 - $40,000) $20,000 Administrative ($90,000 x 40%) $36,000 Total Fixed Costs $81,000 Net Operating Income $179,000 Note: In the calculation of variable cost, the cost of goods sold ($400,000) is divided by the number of units sold (2,000 units) to get the variable cost per unit ($200). In the calculation of fixed cost, the total manufacturing costs ($100,000) is multiplied by the percentage that is fixed (25%) to get the fixed manufacturing cost ($25,000).
Similarly, the total administrative expenses ($90,000) is multiplied by the percentage that is fixed (40%) to get the fixed administrative expense ($36,000). The contribution margin ($260,000) is then used to subtract the fixed costs ($81,000) to arrive at the net operating income ($179,000).
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The consuming units in an economy are known as firms. factors. A entrepreneurs. O households.
The consuming units in an economy are known as Households. It refers to a group of individuals living together and sharing resources, consuming and generating income. Therefore, option D is the correct answer to the given statement.
Households are considered consumption units as they are the main purchasers and consumers of goods and services. Consumer spending by ordinary households contributes significantly to the overall demand for goods and services in the economy. Their spending patterns and preferences influence the production and distribution of goods, which in turn influences economic growth and performance.
While other options firms, factors, and entrepreneurs also plays an important roles in the economy, households are specifically characterized as the consuming units due to their direct involvement in the consumption of goods and services.
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The complete question is:
The consuming units in an economy are known as:
A. Firms
B. Factors
C. Entrepreneurs
D. Households
True / False
In Management’s report on the effectiveness of their internal control, management acknowledges its responsibility for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.
The statement "In Management’s report on the effectiveness of their internal control, management acknowledges its responsibility for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting." is true as management does acknowledges its responsibility.
Management does acknowledge its responsibility for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting in the management's report on the effectiveness of internal control. The Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) requires this report which is typically presented in a company's annual report or financial statements.
The management's report evaluates the efficiency of the business internal controls and identifies any noteworthy flaws or vulnerabilities that might exist. It is a significant disclosure that shows management's dedication to ensuring the accuracy and dependability of financial reporting.
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Compensation Plan
Purpose:
Ensuring that an organization has the appropriate job description is only part of preparing for a new employee.
In this assignment, you will gain experience in:
- Determining the compensation to be paid to the new employee
Instructions:
Based on the Cannabis industry, develop a compensation plan for the position. This is a written assignment and should be 2-3 pages double spaced.
Compensation Plan: The pay and rewards program combine direct and indirect compensation. It would help if you created a compensation plan with a mix of direct and indirect payments. You must perform research to establish this and provide a summary rationale for the elements you elected to include in your plan.
A well-developed compensation plan ensures that employees feel valued, recognized, and motivated to work. It is essential to remember that employee retention is critical to any business's success, and a well-designed compensation plan is an essential component of achieving this goal.
A compensation plan is a method used by companies to provide fair payment to their workers based on performance, skills, and experience. The plan must take into account the company's objectives and how compensation may be used to achieve them.The Cannabis industry is expanding at an alarming pace, with a high demand for cannabis products and services.
Developing a compensation plan that rewards employees based on their contribution to the organization's success is critical to employee retention, job satisfaction, and overall company performance.In the Cannabis industry, developing a compensation plan is challenging due to the nature of the work and industry.
As a result, the compensation plan should be a combination of direct and indirect compensation. Direct compensation includes base salary, bonuses, incentives, and stock options. Indirect compensation includes benefits, work-life balance, job security, and career advancement opportunities.
A balanced compensation plan will create an environment of trust and job satisfaction among employees, leading to increased productivity and performance.The first step in developing a compensation plan is to conduct market research to determine what other companies in the industry are offering. This will assist in determining competitive wages and benefits.
Then, establish what skills and experience are required for the position. The compensation plan must reflect these requirements, and the employee's performance and accomplishments should be taken into account when determining salary increases and bonuses.
In conclusion, a well-developed compensation plan ensures that employees feel valued, recognized, and motivated to work. It is essential to remember that employee retention is critical to any business's success, and a well-designed compensation plan is an essential component of achieving this goal.
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a company uses its fixed assets of $1,000,000 at 95% capacity to generate sales of $2,000,000. the company wishes to generate sales of $3,000,000. what amount of additional fixed assets must be acquired, assuming that all fixed assets will operate at maximum capacity?
The amount of additional fixed assets that the company must acquire to generate sales of $3,000,000, assuming that all fixed assets will operate at maximum capacity, is $1,423,222.74.
Fixed assets refer to the long-term tangible assets that a company uses in the production of goods or services.
These assets are not intended for resale and may include land, buildings, machinery, equipment, and vehicles.
To determine the amount of additional fixed assets a company must acquire to generate sales of $3,000,000, assuming that all fixed assets will operate at maximum capacity, we can use the concept of the asset turnover ratio.
Asset turnover ratio measures how efficiently a company is using its assets to generate sales.
It is calculated by dividing net sales by total assets.
The formula for the asset turnover ratio is:
Asset turnover ratio = Net sales ÷ Total assets
To generate sales of $2,000,000, the company uses its fixed assets of $1,000,000 at 95% capacity.
This means that the company's net sales to total assets ratio is:
Net sales ÷ Total assets = $2,000,000 ÷ ($1,000,000 x 0.95) = 2.1053
This implies that for every $1 of assets, the company generates $2.11 of sales.
To generate sales of $3,000,000, we can use the same asset turnover ratio to calculate the amount of additional fixed assets required.
The asset turnover ratio remains constant, and we can write the following equation:
Net sales ÷ Total assets = $3,000,000 ÷ X,
where X is the amount of additional fixed assets required
Rearranging this equation to isolate X, we get:
X = $3,000,000 ÷ (Net sales ÷ Total assets) = $3,000,000 ÷ 2.1053 = $1,423,222.74
Therefore, the amount of additional fixed assets that the company must acquire to generate sales of $3,000,000, assuming that all fixed assets will operate at maximum capacity, is $1,423,222.74.
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From the battle of Russia_ukraine affecting stakeholders: EU countries & U farmers & agricultural industry. Do you need to specify the impact ntn, specifically and related to global trade?
Yes, it is necessary to specify the impact on stakeholders and the agricultural industry regarding global trade in the context of the battle between Russia and Ukraine.
The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has had a significant impact on various stakeholders such as EU countries, U farmers, and the agricultural industry as a whole. Specifically, the conflict has caused disruptions in global trade, which has led to a reduction in agricultural exports. As a result, the agricultural industry has faced challenges in accessing new markets, and farmers have suffered losses due to a decrease in demand for their products.The conflict has also caused political instability, which has impacted investment in the agricultural sector. It has resulted in the decline of production in the agricultural industry, leading to shortages of food, and the prices of food have risen.
The impact on global trade has been severe, and it has caused a ripple effect across various countries. Countries that were previously dependent on Ukraine's agricultural exports have suffered due to the disruption of supply chains. In conclusion, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has had a severe impact on stakeholders and the agricultural industry, particularly in terms of global trade. The impact has been felt across various countries, and it has caused political instability, a decline in production, and a rise in food prices.
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A city currently has 139 streetlights. As part of an urban renewal program, the city decided to install 2 additional streetlights at the end of each week for the next year. Write an equation that models the number of streetlights, y, after x weeks. y = How many streetlights will the city have at the end of 39 weeks?
The city will have 217 streetlights at the end of 39 weeks.
How We Calculated Streetlights In The CityTo write an equation that models the number of streetlights, y, after x weeks, we need to determine the rate of increase and the initial number of streetlights.
Given that the city currently has 139 streetlights and plans to install 2 additional streetlights at the end of each week for the next year, we can determine the rate of increase:
Rate of increase = 2 streetlights per week
The initial number of streetlights is 139.
Using this information, we can write the equation:
y = 2x + 139
To find the number of streetlights at the end of 39 weeks (x = 39), we substitute x = 39 into the equation:
y = 2(39) + 139
y = 78 + 139
y = 217
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Consider the case with 4 regional warehouses with nonrandom demand. Compute the reorder point for one of the warehouses when the lead time L is 5 weeks. b) Consider now the case with one centralized warehouse with nonrandom demand. Compute the reorder point when the lead time L is 7.5 weeks. Dear Allen, I don't know where to start. This warehouse program has really torn us apart. We thought that when branch warehouses were added, we would just split the stock we had among the warehouses. Instead, we've had to build up inventory substantially. I also don't see why this would be. Demand at each of the four branches is about the same (5,000 drives per week) the standard deviation in this demand is also about equal (1,500 drives per week). One possibility is that we could try to reduce our ordering costs. Each warehouse incurs a set cost of $20,000 every time it places an order for stock replenishment. That is $15,000 for our full time employees to reset the machine to produce our ElSi drive and a $5,000 extra charge for the temporary staff that do the clean-room change-over work. This was the same cost that we had for the factory warehouse, but perhaps the factory could reduce the cost somehow. Alternatively, we could try to coordinate orders across the different warehouses to save on set up costs. Another thing we might do is to change how we handle transfer charges between the warehouse and our production facility. As it is now, our transfer charge is $250 for each unit. $200 represents the direct production and transportation costs. $50 represents our share of the overhead for developing the new 40 GB drive. Maybe we could reduce the transfer charge of the drive to include only the production cost. Additionally, I would like to change our payment policy. Presently, we transfer money to the production facility on delivery of these drives. This causes needless complexity. Why can't we transfer money in a lump sum each quarter? Finally, we are also charged a corporate fee of $5,000 per month for the rent of our warehouses. This may not seem like a lot but we have a lot of investment opportunities here, and our cost of money is nearly 20%. Transportation costs are another issue. Frank, our traffic manager, has suggested that we switch to ground transport from air transport. This would increase our transportation time to three weeks rather than two, but he says we could save $10 in transportation costs per unit. To conclude, we understand your concern about the current system. We are considering some alternatives. I heard that you have hired a consultant to look at these problems. I'd appreciate any help he or she can give me.
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The reorder point for one of the warehouses when the lead time L is 5 weeks is 30,197 units. The reorder point when the lead time L is 7.5 weeks for one centralized warehouse is 44,319 units.
Number of warehouses = 4
Standard deviation in demand = 1,500 units/week
Lead time L = 5 weeks
Reorder Point is the inventory level at which the new order is placed. It is given as
Safety stock + Expected demand during lead time
Safety stock is the inventory maintained in order to meet the demand during the lead time when the supply is not available.
It is given as Safety stock = z * [tex]\sigma[/tex] * √L
Where,z = z value at the desired service level
[tex]\sigma[/tex] = Standard deviation in demand
L = Lead time
For service level of 95%,
z = 1.645Reorder Point for one of the warehouses
Reorder Point = Safety stock + Expected demand during lead time
Safety Stock = 1.645 * 1,500 * √5 ≈ 5,197 units
Expected demand during lead time = 5,000 * 5 ≈ 25,000 units
Reorder Point = 5,197 + 25,000 = 30,197 units
Now, Consider the case with one centralized warehouse
Reorder Point is the inventory level at which the new order is placed. It is given asSafety stock + Expected demand during lead time
Safety stock is the inventory maintained in order to meet the demand during the lead time when the supply is not available. It is given as
Safety stock = z * [tex]\sigma[/tex] * √L
Where,z = z value at the desired service level
[tex]\sigma[/tex] = Standard deviation in demand
L = Lead time
For service level of 95%, z = 1.645Reorder Point for centralized warehouse
Reorder Point = Safety stock + Expected demand during lead time
Safety Stock = 1.645 * 1,500 * √7.5 ≈ 6,819 units
Expected demand during lead time = 5,000 * 7.5 ≈ 37,500 units
Reorder Point = 6,819 + 37,500 = 44,319 units
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Suppose that Apple has a monopoly in the market for iphone
suppliers. In order to produce X iphone suppliers, it costs Apple
C(A) = 4X^2
a. Find the marginal cost of producing a iphone suppliers for
A
To find the marginal cost of producing an iPhone supplier for Apple, we need to calculate the derivative of the cost function C(A) with respect to X.
Given that the cost function is C(A) = 4X², we differentiate it with respect to X:
dC(A)/dX = d(4X²)/dX
To differentiate 4X², we use the power rule of differentiation, which states that for a function f(X) = X^n, the derivative is f'(X) = nX^(n-1).
Applying the power rule, we get:
dC(A)/dX = 2 * 4X²⁻¹
Simplifying, we have:
dC(A)/dX = 8X
Therefore, the marginal cost of producing an iPhone supplier for Apple is 8X.
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(a) (b) (c) (d) "Variable costs are relevant and fixed costs are irrelevant." Explain the above statement. [Jelaskan tentang penyataan di atas.] (5 Marks / Markah) Managerial accounting and financial
The statement “Variable costs are relevant and fixed costs are irrelevant” is generally true for decision-making in managerial accounting. This statement implies that variable costs are important when making decisions because they vary with the level of production or sales, while fixed costs remain constant.
Therefore, variable costs are always relevant to a decision while fixed costs are not.Variable costs:Variable costs are production costs that vary in proportion to the volume of goods or services produced. Variable costs increase or decrease as the level of production increases or decreases.
This implies that when production increases, the total variable cost increases, and when production decreases, the total variable cost decreases. Examples of variable costs are the costs of raw materials, direct labor costs, and sales commissions.
Fixed Costs:Fixed costs are production costs that do not vary with the volume of goods or services produced. They remain constant regardless of the level of production.
Examples of fixed costs are rent, salaries, property taxes, and insurance. Fixed costs, unlike variable costs, do not change with the level of production. Therefore, they are irrelevant when making decisions that are affected by changes in the level of production.
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A horizontal demand curve represents:
a. Perfectly inelastic demand .
b. Perfectly elastic demand.
c. Unit elastic demand
d. None of the above
A horizontal demand curve represents perfectly elastic demand.
The demand for a commodity refers to the quantity of the commodity that consumers are willing and able to buy at a particular price and time.
A demand curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity demanded by consumers.
There are three types of demand elasticity: Elastic, inelastic, and unitary. The price elasticity of demand (PED) determines how much the quantity demanded changes as a result of a change in price.
Horizontal demand curve: This type of demand curve represents a situation where there is perfect elasticity of demand for a commodity. That is, a small change in price will cause a large change in the quantity demanded of the commodity. Thus, horizontal demand curves are also called perfectly elastic demand curves. The demand for a commodity is perfectly elastic when consumers are willing to buy any quantity of the commodity at a particular price, but none of it at a higher price.
Therefore, the answer is b. Perfectly elastic demand.
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Which statement is false?
A. Depreciation is not a valuation of assets, but a form of cost allocation.
B. SFAS no. 144 requires the impairment test for long-term assets held and used, and the impairment test is a valuation process.
C. The valuation of property, plant, and equipment assets are particularly important in capital-intensive industries.
D. Depreciation is not affected by asset impairment.
The false statement is D. Depreciation is not affected by asset impairment.
Asset impairment and depreciation are related ideas, and impairment may affect an asset's rate of depreciation. Asset impairment describes a significant drop in an asset's value, usually brought on by things like wear and tear, damage or shifting market conditions. An asset's carrying value is decreased to its recoverable amount when it is impaired.
The estimated useful life and salvage value of an asset, which are crucial components in calculating depreciation expense can be impacted by its impairment. The depreciation calculation may change if an asset is impaired and its useful life or salvage value must be revised.
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Consider the cost function
C(Q) = 1000 + 1.5Q2
for RussCo to produce its new Phone. Using that cost function
for the Phone, determine the profit-maximizing output,
price and profit (or loss) for the R
Given cost function is C(Q) = 1000 + 1.5Q². The given cost function is used to determine the profit-maximizing output, price and profit (or loss) for RussCo to produce its new phone. To do so, we use the following steps:
Step 1: Find the marginal cost (MC) function.Marginal cost (MC) is the derivative of the cost function with respect to output Q.C'(Q) = dC/dQ = d/dQ(1000 + 1.5Q²) = 3QThe marginal cost function is MC(Q) = 3Q.
Step 2: Find the revenue (R) function. RussCo’s revenue is calculated as: Revenue (R) = price × quantity (Q).To find the optimal price, we need the demand function which is not given in the problem. Therefore, we cannot find the optimal price and profit.
Step 3: Set the marginal revenue (MR) equal to the marginal cost (MC). Since we do not have the revenue function, we cannot set the MR equal to the MC and hence we cannot determine the profit. Therefore, the answer to the given problem is incomplete.
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select the correct answer. which feature is most closely associated with modernist poetry? a. the absence of imagery b. sparse language c. precise statements of opinion d. a lack of meaning
(b). sparse language. Modernist poetry is often characterized by its use of sparse language, where poets strive to convey meaning with minimal words economy.
This brevity and economy of language reflect the modernist movement's rejection of traditional poetic forms and conventions. Modernist poets aimed to capture the fragmented nature of the modern world and explore new modes of expression. Sparse language allows for the exploration of complex themes and emotions while avoiding excessive ornamentation. It promotes concise and direct communication, often utilizing innovative techniques such as fragmentation, juxtaposition, and experimentation with form and structure. Through the use of sparse language, modernist poets sought to evoke powerful images and emotions in the reader's mind, challenging traditional notions of poetry and inviting new interpretations.
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1: How much and in what ways has the launch of the Cayenne (and subsequently the Panamera sedan) changed the meaning of the Porsche brand?
2: What is the value of the Rennlist online brand community to Porsche? How does it help or hurt the brand?
3: Should Wiedeking listen to the Rennlist community? Why or why not? Should he engage with them? How?
4: Imagine you are a new Cayenne or Panamera owner. How does the Rennlist brand community affect your Porsche ownership experience?
The launch of the Cayenne and Panamera has expanded the Porsche brand into new market segments, increased sales and profitability, and preserved core brand attributes of performance and luxury.
The launch of the Cayenne SUV and the subsequent introduction of the Panamera sedan have had a significant impact on the meaning of the Porsche brand in several ways.
1. Expansion into new market segments: Prior to the launch of the Cayenne, Porsche was primarily known for its high-performance sports cars. The introduction of an SUV and later a sedan represented a strategic expansion into new market segments. This move broadened Porsche's appeal and attracted a wider range of customers who desired the performance and luxury associated with the brand but needed more practicality and space.
2. Increased sales and profitability: The Cayenne and Panamera models have become major contributors to Porsche's sales and profitability. By offering vehicles in popular segments like SUVs and sedans, Porsche has been able to attract a larger customer base and capitalize on the growing demand for luxury vehicles in these segments. This expansion has bolstered Porsche's financial performance and allowed for further investment in research, development, and innovation.
3. Brand diversification: The launch of the Cayenne and Panamera has diversified the Porsche brand beyond the realm of sports cars. It has positioned Porsche as a more versatile and well-rounded luxury brand that caters to different lifestyles and preferences. This broader product portfolio has helped Porsche appeal to a wider range of consumers and mitigate the risks associated with relying solely on one product category.
4. Preservation of core brand attributes: Despite the expansion into SUVs and sedans, Porsche has managed to maintain its core brand attributes of performance, engineering excellence, and driving pleasure. The Cayenne and Panamera have been designed and engineered to deliver a driving experience consistent with Porsche's DNA, ensuring that the brand's values and reputation remain intact.
In summary, the launch of the Cayenne and subsequent introduction of the Panamera have changed the meaning of the Porsche brand by expanding into new market segments, increasing sales and profitability, diversifying the brand, and preserving core brand attributes. These moves have allowed Porsche to appeal to a broader customer base while maintaining its reputation for performance and luxury.
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Seaside Boat Company's bank statement for the month of September showed a balance per bank of $7,000. The company's Cash account in the general ledger had a balance of $4,667 at September 30. Other information is as follows: (1) Cash receipts for September 30 recorded on the company's books were $4,200 but this amount does not appear on the bank statement (2) The bank statement shows a debit memorandum for $40 for check printing charges. (3) The total amount of checks still outstanding at September 30 amounted to $5,800. (4) Check No. 138 was correctly written and paid by the bank for $429. The cash payment journal reflects an entry for Check No. 138 as a debit to Accounts Payable and a credit to Cash in Bank for $492. (5) The bank returned an NSF check from a customer for $550. (6) The bank included a credit memorandum for $1,260 which represents collection of a customer's note by the bank for the company; principal amount of the note was $1,200 and interest was $60. Interest has not been accrued. Instructions (a) Prepare a bank reconciliation for Seaside Boat Company at September 30. (b) Prepare any necessary journal entries as a result of the bank reconciliation.
(a) Adjusted bank balance: $12,210; Adjusted book balance: $8,867.
(b) Journal entries: Debit Miscellaneous of Bank Reconciliation Expense $40; Debit Accounts Receivable $550; Credit Cash $590.
(a) Bank Compromise for Shoreline Boat Organization at September 30:
Total per bank articulation: $7,000
Add: Extraordinary checks: $5,800
Changed bank surplus: $12,800
Surplus per Money account: $4,667
Add: Stores on the way: $4,200
Changed book surplus: $8,867
Bank Compromise:
Changed bank total: $12,800
Changed book total: $8,867
Things to be deducted:
Actually take a look at printing charges: $40
NSF check: $550
Changed bank surplus after derivations: $12,210
Changed book surplus after derivations: $8,867
(b) Diary Sections:
To record the bank compromise changes:
To record the actually take a look at printing charges:
Charge: Various Cost $40
Credit: Money $40
To record the NSF check:
Charge: Records Receivable $550
Credit: Money $550
To record the assortment of client's note:
Charge: Money $1,260
Credit: Notes Receivable $1,200
Credit: Interest Income $60
Note: No passage is expected for the exceptional checks or the error Within proper limits No. 138, as they have previously been represented in the bank compromise.
These diary sections guarantee that the organization's books mirror the changes made during the bank compromise process, refreshing the equilibriums in the suitable records.
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J. Flores owns a business and is trying to decide whether to incorporate. While researching corporations, she has determined the following facts. Which of these facts is not correct?
Corporations have lack of mutual agency.
Corporations limit shareholders' liability.
Corporations incur double taxation.
Corporations have ease of capital accumulation.
Corporations dissolve when owners transfer rights.
J. Flores owns a business and is trying to decide whether to incorporate. While researching corporations, she has determined the following facts. Corporations dissolve when owners transfer rights is not correct. Option E is the correct answer.
Capital stock shares represent ownership in a firm. These shares can be transferred. A shareholder can sell their stock to get rid of all or part of their stake in a company. Option E is the correct answer.
The agreement of each partner is necessary for the transfer of an ownership stake in a partnership. In contrast, the decision to transfer shares is entirely up to the stockholder. A corporation is a legal body whose owners are its shareholders, who also choose its board of directors to manage the organization's operations. Shareholders are not held accountable for the company's operations or financial state; rather, the corporation is. Corporations may be for-profit like corporations or not-for-profit like most charity organizations.
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The complete question is, "J. Flores owns a business and is trying to decide whether to incorporate. While researching corporations, she has determined the following facts. Which of these facts is not correct?
A. Corporations have lack of mutual agency.
B. Corporations limit shareholders' liability.
C. Corporations incur double taxation.
D. Corporations have ease of capital accumulation.
E. Corporations dissolve when owners transfer rights."
Peter will receive R100000 from his employer as his pension fund in five years time at an interest rate of 6% per annum and he wishes to find the present value (PV) of this lump sum. A. R63998,75 O B. R67436,98 OC. R67738,42 OD.R74738,42
The present value (PV) of R100000 that Peter is to receive from his employer in five years at an interest rate of 6% per annum can be calculated using the formula for the present value of a lump sum. Option D is correct.
Present Value (PV) = Future Value (FV) / (1 + r)n, where r is the interest rate and n is the number of periods. Let's substitute the values in the formula:
P = R100000, r = 6%, and n = 5 years. Then the present value of the lump sum is given by: PV = R100000 / (1 + 0.06)5PV = R100000 / 1.338225PV = R74738.42
Therefore, the present value (PV) of this lump sum is R74738.42. Option D is correct.
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dont know how to finish this
A guitar manufacturer is considering eliminating its electric guitar division because its $76,000 expenses are higher than its $72,000 sales. The company reports the following expenses for this divisi
A guitar manufacturer is considering eliminating its electric guitar division because its $76,000 expenses are higher than its $72,000 sales. The company reports the following expenses for this division:
materials ($20,000), labor ($30,000), rent ($10,000), and depreciation ($16,000).The company wants to know how much it would save by shutting down the division and selling the remaining inventory at cost. To answer this question, the company needs to identify the relevant costs and benefits of the decision. Relevant costs are those that change as a result of the decision, while irrelevant costs are those that do not change. In this case, the relevant costs of shutting down the division are the lost sales ($72,000) and the materials cost ($20,000), since these would be avoided if the division continues to operate. The irrelevant costs are the labor ($30,000), rent ($10,000), and depreciation ($16,000), since these would still be incurred even if the division is eliminated. The relevant benefit of shutting down the division is the savings from not having to pay for materials ($20,000). Therefore, the net benefit of shutting down the division is $20,000 - $72,000 = -$52,000. This means that the company would lose $52,000 by eliminating the electric guitar division. Hence, it is better to keep the division and try to improve its profitability by increasing sales or reducing costs.
About CostCost are capital expenditures used to produce a product in the form of goods or services. The nature of the cost is an economic sacrifice. Costs can be divided into various types according to the purpose of the grouping. The diversity of types of costs is caused by the variety of purposes for determining costs.
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Coronado Industries Equipment has actual sales of $800000 and a break-even point of $560000. How much is its margin of safety ratio? A. 43% B. 30% C. 70% D. 57%
To calculate the margin of safety ratio, we need to find the difference between actual sales and the break-even point, and then divide it by actual sales.
Margin of Safety Ratio = (Actual Sales - Break-even Point) / Actual Sales
In this case:
Actual Sales = $800,000
Break-even Point = $560,000
Margin of Safety Ratio = ($800,000 - $560,000) / $800,000
Margin of Safety Ratio = $240,000 / $800,000
Margin of Safety Ratio = 0.3 or 30%
Therefore, the margin of safety ratio for Coronado Industries Equipment is 30%.
The correct answer is B. 30%.
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Basil company issued $640,000, 6%, 5 - year bonds for 104, with interest paid annually. Assuming straight - line amortization, what is the carrying value of the bonds after one year? A. $665, 600 B. $640,000 C. $660, 480 D. $678, 400
To calculate the carrying value of the bonds after one year, we need to consider the annual amortization of the bond discount.
The bond was issued for $640,000 at a premium of 104, which means the effective issue price was $640,000 + ($640,000 * 104%) = $640,000 + $665,600 = $1,305,600.
Since the bond has a 5-year term and the discount is amortized using straight-line method, the annual amortization amount is calculated as follows:
Annual Amortization = Bond Discount / Number of Years
The bond discount is the difference between the face value ($640,000) and the effective issue price ($1,305,600 - $640,000 = $665,600).
Bond Discount = $665,600 - $640,000 = $25,600
Now we can calculate the annual amortization:
Annual Amortization = $25,600 / 5 = $5,120
To find the carrying value after one year, we subtract the amortization amount from the face value:
Carrying Value = Face Value - Amortization
Carrying Value = $640,000 - $5,120 = $634,880
Therefore, the carrying value of the bonds after one year is $634,880 (option D).
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Bond price. A Mars Inc. bond has a par value of $1,000, with 14 years remaining to maturity and is paying 11 percent interest for on a annual basis. Assume interest rates in the market (yield to maturity) are 10 percent. What is the bond price s Number Round your answer to the nearest cent
The bond price for the Mars Inc. bond is $1,073.78.
To calculate the bond price, we need to discount the future cash flows (interest payments and the principal) at the yield to maturity rate. In this case, the bond has a par value of $1,000, an annual interest rate of 11%, and 14 years remaining to maturity. The market yield to maturity is 10%.
Using the formula for present value of a bond, we can calculate the present value of the future cash flows. The interest payments are discounted annually for 14 years, and the principal is discounted at the end of the 14th year.
By plugging in the relevant values into the formula and rounding the result to the nearest cent, we find that the bond price is $1,073.78.
Therefore, the correct answer is $1,073.78 for the bond price.
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in an attempt to have funds for a down payment, carmella carlson plans to save $4,050 a year for the next five years. with an interest rate of 3 percent, what amount will carmella have available for a down payment after the five years?
Given the following data: Carmella Carlson plans to save $4,050 a year for the next five years, and the interest rate is 3%.Formula to calculate the amount after a specified number of years is: A = P (1 + r/n)
Where: P = Initial deposit r = Annual Interest Rate t = Number of years n = Compounding PeriodA = Amount that would be present after t years. To find the total amount Carmella Carlson will have available after five years: She is planning to save $4,050 every year. So, her initial deposit will be 0. We need to find the future amount that will be present after five years. So, t = 5We need to find the total amount including interest. So, the interest rate is 3%, which will be 0.03 in decimal. Also, interest is compounded annually. So, n = 1.
Now, put all the values in the formula. A = P (1 + r/n)ntA = 0 (1 + 0.03/1)¹⁰ A = 0 (1.03)¹⁰A = 0 x 1.344029 Prime A = 0Finally, after five years, Carmella Carlson won't have any amount for the down payment as she will only save $4,050 every year with an interest rate of 3%.
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According to the principle of diminishing marginal utility, as consumption of a good increases, total utility
A) decreases at an increasing rate.
B) decreases and then eventually increases.
C) increases at a decreasing rate.
D) decreases at a decreasing rate.
E) increases at an increasing rate.
According to the principle of diminishing marginal utility, as consumption of a good increases, total utility decreases at a decreasing rate.
The principle of diminishing marginal utility states that as an individual consumes more units of a good, the additional satisfaction or utility derived from each additional unit decreases. In other words, the more of a good a person consumes, the less satisfaction or utility they receive from each additional unit.
However, the rate at which the total utility decreases diminishes over time. Initially, the decrease in total utility may be significant, but as consumption increases, the decrease becomes less pronounced. This is because the individual's needs and desires become more satiated, leading to a lower marginal benefit from each additional unit consumed. Therefore, the total utility decreases, but at a decreasing rate.
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