Consider a tax credit of $75 for an individual in the 28% income tax bracket. the credit will reduce taxes owed by the individual company.
A tax levied against people or organizations (taxpayers) in relation to their income or profits is known as an income tax (commonly called taxable income). Tax rates multiplied by taxable income are typically used to calculate income taxes. Tax rates might change depending on the taxpayer's attributes and source of income. As taxable income rises, the tax rate can also (referred to as graduated or progressive tax rates). Corporate tax, which is often assessed at a fixed rate, is the name given to the tax charged on businesses. Individual income is frequently taxed under progressive rates, which means that for every extra unit of income, a higher tax rate is applied. A tax on an alternative base or measure of income or an income tax, whichever is higher, may be imposed by some countries. Taxable income for taxpayers who reside in the jurisdiction is often calculated as total income less certain deductions and expenses that go toward earning income. In general, income only includes net gains from the sale of property, including items held for sale. Distributions of corporate earnings are typically included in the income of a corporation's shareholders.
To know more about income tax please refer: https://brainly.com/question/17075354
#SPJ4
a vision for a company is a vision for a company is an explanation of why the company exists and where it wants to go. very relevant for the short term, but less useful for the long term. the same thing as an objective. a detailed plan that outlines the major organizational structure of the firm.
The purpose of a company's existence and its future goals are described in its vision. ( Option A )
- Your vision for your company's future is expressed in your business plan. It will be in line with your aims and goals for your company. The official channel via which you let others know about your company's commitments and ambitions is through its vision.
- A vision statement offers a succinct summary of a company's long-term objectives. It conveys the company's goals for changing the world and is frequently ambitious. Consider it a guide for making choices that are consistent with the principles and goals of your business.
To know more about business vision, kindly click on the link below :
https://brainly.com/question/17048747?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
trista has come up with a secret recipe for cookies and sold them through exclusive outlets all around atlanta. sales are skyrocketing and her friends tell her to patent the recipe. she does not want to even tell a government agency her secret ingredients, however. is there anything she can do to be legally protected?
If Trista developed a secret cookie recipe and sold them through exclusive shops all around Atlanta, then her recipe can be regarded as a trade secret and is already legally protected.
The quantity of protected areas, the total area under protection, or even legally protected the representativeness of biomes or ecoregions, indicate nothing about the ability of protected areas to fulfill their stated objectives. The CBD also demands that protected areas be maintained effectively and fairly, which are criteria that cannot be evaluated solely by looking at overall coverage. There are markers of how well protected areas are trade secret functioning, though condition is difficult to assess directly without intensive and time-consuming ground examinations.
Areas that have received statutory protection but little to no active maintenance are referred to as "paper parks" (Brandon et al., 1998). Even while some paper parks may be safe because of their isolation, encroachment usually causes these protected spaces to deteriorate.
Learn more about trade secret here
https://brainly.com/question/15093452
#SPJ4
if a country buys more goods from foreign countries than it sells to foreign countries, what statement is true?
The true statement is option D. If a country buys more goods from foreign countries than it sells to foreign countries The country has a trade deficit and positive net capital outflow.
A trade deficit occurs when a country imports more goods and services than it exports. This means that the country is spending more money on foreign goods and services than it is receiving from the sale of its own goods and services to foreign countries. As a result, the country has a negative balance of trade and is said to have a trade deficit.
This can have a negative impact on the country's economy, as it can lead to a loss of jobs and a decrease in domestic production. However, some argue that a trade deficit can also have positive effects, such as increasing competition and providing consumers with a wider range of goods and services.
Learn more about trade deficit here:
https://brainly.com/question/24473707
#SPJ4
Complete Question:
If a country buys more goods from foreign countries than it sells to foreign countries, what statement is true?
A. The country has a trade surplus and negative net capital outflow
B. The country has a trade deficit and negative net capital outflow
C. The country has a trade surplus and positive net capital outflow
D. The country has a trade deficit and positive net capital outflow
augusta company reported that its bonds with a face value of $78,000 and a carrying value of $60,000 are retired for $70,000 cash. the amount to be reported under cash flows from financing activities is:
The amount that would have to be reported under cash flows from financing activities, as a result of Augusta company retiring bonds would be ( $70, 000 ).
How to record the retirement of bonds ?When bonds are to be retired, they will be recorded in the cash flow statement under the financing activities section because this section houses things such as equity transactions and long term liabilities like bonds.
In the cash flow statement, only the actual cash that was spent or received is to be recorded and so in retiring the bond, Augusta company would need to record the ( $70, 000) that was actually spent in this regard.
Find out more on bond retirement at https://brainly.com/question/29750274
#SPJ1
Answer: the amount to be reported under cash flows from financing activities is - $70, 000 .
Explanation:
according to your text, the asset forfeiture program has three goals. which is not a goal of the asset forfeiture program?
Your text lists three objectives for the asset forfeiture program. An asset forfeiture program's objective is not to make money by taking goods used in criminal activity.
The main objectives of the Asset Forfeiture Program are to punish and discourage criminal behavior by denying criminals access to property used in or obtained through illicit actions. to encourage and improve coordination between international, tribal, state, municipal, and federal law enforcement organizations.
In accordance with California asset forfeiture rules, the government may take possession of your property if there is proof that it was either obtained illegally or utilized in the commission of a crime.
To learn more about asset forfeiture
https://brainly.com/question/5397924
#SPJ4
historical evidence on the returns of large portfolios of stock and bonds shows that investments with higher volatility have rewarded investors with higher returns. question content area bottom part 1 true false
Historical evidence on the returns of large portfolios of stock and bonds shows that investments with higher volatility have rewarded investors with higher returns. This statement is True.
Investments having a high degree of volatility, which is the fast unpredictability linked to an investment's price or value, have a tendency to offer investors larger returns and risk premiums over time as a way of compensating them for taking on such risky bets. Nevertheless, as higher risk investments tend to generate larger returns.
The risk attached to an investment has a significant impact on the average return provided to investors. However, volatility should not be used as a reasonable indicator of the risk associated with such investments when evaluating large portfolios and return of people individual securities as these are typically subject to unpredictability, which should not be translated to the likelihood that such investments will lose value.
To know more about investment visit:
https://brainly.com/question/17143049
#SPJ4
a transfer of contractual duties to a third party is a(n): a. termination. b. assignment. c. delegation. d. reassignment.
A transfer of contractual duties to a third party is an assignment.
An assignment is a transfer of contractual duties from one party to another. It is a type of agreement in which one party, known as the assignor, transfers the rights and obligations of a contract to another party, known as the assignee. The transfer of contractual duties is not a termination, delegation, or reassignment.
In the assignment, the assignor transfers the contractual duties and rights to the assignee. The assignee then becomes responsible for fulfilling the terms of the contract.
For more questions like Assignments click the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/29759582
#SPJ4
Tony and suzie see the need for a rugged all-terrain vehicle to transport participants and supplies. They decide to purchase a used suburban on july 1, 2025, for $12,800. They expect to use the suburban for five years and then sell the vehicle for $4,900. The following expenditures related to the vehicle were also made on july 1, 2025:a. The company pays $2,000 to geico for a one-year insurance policy. B. The company spends an extra $3,800 to repaint the vehicle, placing the great adventures logo on the front hood, back, and both sides. C. An additional $2,200 is spent on a deluxe roof rack and a trailer hitch. The painting, roof rack, and hitch are all expected to increase the future benefits of the vehicle for great adventures. In addition, on october 22, 2025, the company pays $800 for basic vehicle maintenance related to changing the oil, replacing the windshield wipers, rotating the tires, and inserting a new air filter
The transactions for Tony and Suzie are shown below as journal entries:
Subsequent Costs are composed of costs that be incurred after the transaction. For example, a purchase of used equipment will need maintenance, repairs and some parts replacement.
Journal entries for the transactions are as follows:
1. Equipment A/c....Dr. $12800
Cash A/c....Cr. $12800
2. Prepaid insurance A/c....Dr. $2000
Cash A/c.....Cr. $2000
3. Equipment A/c....Dr. $3000
Cash A/c....Cr. $3000
4. Equipment A/c....Dr. $2200
Cash A/c....Cr. $2200
5. Maintenance expense A/c....Dr. $800
Cash A/c....Cr. $800
The painting, roof rack and hitch are all expected to increase the future benefits of the vehicle. Therefore, these costs are capitalizable and added to the cost of the asset. Capitalizable cost is a cost that increases the asset's useful life, and productivity, or will increase future benefits.
Basic Maintenance is expenses that are incurred to maintain the asset in its normal operation. Therefore, it is expensed on the period it is incurred.
Learn more about journal entries:
https://brainly.com/question/20421012
#SPJ4
the decision to move a production facility outside of domestic boundaries and still maintain ownership is called
The decision to move a production facility outside the domestic boundaries and still maintain ownership is called outsourcing process.
A business process outsourcing can be referred to or considered as the process of giving the rights or license to a third party for conducting some regular services of a firm, so that the firm can keep its focus on specialized processes within its business. Call centers for customer service are the biggest examples of outsourcing services. It is a way to bring efficiency into the business operations of a firm.
Learn more about outsourcing here:
https://brainly.com/question/28915776
#SPJ4
a certain business has a set of rules that must be followed. all employees must report to their managers at the beginning of the shift and tell them if something is wrong. if a problem or situation comes up, there are written rules and procedures outlined in the employee handbook. all employees are paid and are expected to use equipment that the company has purchased only for company purposes. the term that best describes the above example is:
Bureaucracy is the word that best describes the aforementioned example.
What does bureaucracy actually mean in its most basic sense?A bureaucratic organization is one that contains nested rules and procedures in this way. The processes and practices that have been successfully established slow down decision-making. They are created to maintain uniformity and order throughout the company.
Bureaucracies can either be a collection of non-elected government personnel or a group that develops administrative policies. In the past, departments were managed by non-elected individuals under a bureaucratic system of governance.
What does bureaucracy's primary job entail?Bureaucracy is referred to be "governing by desks" in its literal sense. It is a hierarchical organization tasked with formulating, authorizing, and upholding public policy in a manner that is effective, equitable, and efficient.
Learn more about Bureaucracy: https://brainly.com/question/3950164
#SPJ4
consensual decision making is a quick, efficient way to make decisions while empowering staff to have input on the process and building buy in for the ultimate decision you make. group of answer choices true false
Consensual decision making is a quick, efficient way to make decisions while empowering staff to have input on the process and building buy in for the ultimate decision you make.
The above statement is true
Consensual decision-making can be defined as a technique to decide while allowing personnel to contribute to the process and fostering buy-in for the choice you make in the end. It helps us to understand employees most effectively are: tailored to personal preferences while maintaining a strong emphasis on informal acknowledgement.All participants are involved in an inclusive process that builds consensus. It helps in the higher quality outcomes that enable the community or group to advance and build their shared destiny.To know more about decision here
https://brainly.com/question/10438556
#SPJ4
what are taxes .....
Answer: Taxes are compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on workers' income and business profits, or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions.
Explanation: Taxes are mandatory contributions collected by governments.
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) collects federal income taxes in the United States.
There are many forms of taxes and most are applied as a percentage of a monetary exchange (for example, when income is earned or a sales transaction is completed).
Other forms of taxes, such as property taxes, are applied based on the assessed value of a held asset.
Understanding what triggers a tax situation can enable taxpayers to manage their finances to minimize the impact of taxes.
Hope this was helpful
after you have reached a certain limit, the insurance company covers 100 percent of any additional cost. this would be called the . a. reimbursement b. out-of-pocket limit c. deductible d. internal limit e. indemnity
After you have reached a certain limit, the insurance company covers 100 percent of any additional cost. This is called as the out-of-pocket limit, which means option B is the right answer.
Insurance companies offer financial protection to the valuable assets or property owned by an individual or group. This entity can be tangible or intangible in nature. Out of pocket limit refers to the sum of money which is to be paid to the insurance companies before the company covers the entire cost of the services. It is different from deductible amount which one pays before the beginning of the insurance plan. Out of pocket can be used for three kinds of expenses namely deductibles, copayment and coinsurance.
Learn more about out-of-pocket at:
brainly.com/question/27371207
#SPJ4
which of the following generally does not offer stock to the public? select one: a. foreign corporations b. carefully held corporations c. closely held corporations d. alien corporations
Closely held corporations generally does not offer stock to the public.
Generally speaking, a closely held corporation is one of the following:
has 5 or fewer persons owning (directly or indirectly) at any point during the second half of the tax year more than 50% of the value of its outstanding shares.It is not a corporation for personal services.The tax treatment of things like passive activity losses, at-risk guidelines, and executive remuneration is additionally constrained for closely held corporations. Corporations are a unique sort of organization even if stock holders do not own them since they are regarded by the law as legal persons. Tax-filing corporations have legal rights to borrow money, possess property, and be sued. A company owns its assets if it is thought of as a "person," according to this concept.
Learn more about Corporations here:
https://brainly.com/question/13551671
#SPJ4
which financial; report provices the value of the things the business owns and who has a claim on that value
A balance sheet gives specific details about the assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity of a company. Assets are valuable possessions that a business holds.
A financial statement that lists a company's assets and liabilities as of a certain point in time?A balance sheet is a financial statement that shows a company's assets and liabilities at a certain point in time. The income statement and cash flow statement, together with this one, are the two main financial statements that are used to evaluate a company's performance.
What is disclosed in a balance sheet?A balance sheet is a report that shows the assets, liabilities, and owner equity of an organization as of any certain date. At the end of set periods, a balance sheet is often produced. Two columns comprise a balance sheet. In the column on the left, the company's assets are mentioned.
Learn more about balance sheet: https://brainly.com/question/26323001
#SPJ4
If revenue i 85,000 and expene i 70,000 and withdrawal i 20,000 what i the net income or net le
If revenue was $85,000, expenses were $70,000, and the owner's withdrawals were $20,000, the amount of net income or net loss was net income of $15,000.
What are Revenues?
Revenue is the overall quantity of earnings generated through the sale of products or services associated with the organization's primary operations. profit, that's usually known as internet income or the bottom line, is the number of earnings that stays after accounting for all expenses, debts, extra profit streams, and working expenses.
Types of revenue consist of the sale of products, products, or merchandise. The sale of services, including consulting. rental earnings from business belonging (observe using “profits”) The sale of tickets to a concert.
Learn more about revenue here:
brainly.com/question/16232387
#SPJ4
planning involves the effort to direct and lead people to accomplish the planned work of the organization. t or f
The correct Statement is : Work groups are an ineffective way for employees to gain experience with management function. Management is the ability to motivate individuals and groups to achieve increased morale.
The answer is False.
Activity management is the technique of recording the whole lot a employee does all through a normal day, within the order that it's far accomplished, all even as labeling their pastime successfully.
Like diverse other sports executed via people which includes writing, gambling, eating, cooking and many others, management is also an interest because a manager is person who accomplishes the goals with the aid of directing the efforts of others. according to Koontz, “control is what a supervisor does”.
On the most fundamental degree, management is a field that includes a hard and fast of five trendy functions: making plans, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
Learn more about management function here : https://brainly.com/question/17083312
#SPJ4
diana (44) is single. she reported $1,000 of taxable interest on her 2021 tax return. her modified adjusted gross income is $220,000. what is the amount of her net investment income tax?
The amount of her net investment income tax is $6,600
What is meant by net investment income tax?
In general terms, Net investment income is income received from investment assets such as bonds, stocks, mutual funds, loans, and other investments like less related expenses.
Here we have given that Diana (44) is single. she reported $1,000 of taxable interest on her 2021 tax return. her modified adjusted gross income is $220,000.
And we need to find the amount of her net investment income tax.
As per the definition of net investment income tax, we know that NII is subject to a 3.8% tax and applies to individuals with an NII and MAGI above certain thresholds.
So, based on this one, here we have the income $220,000.
Then the net investment income tax is calculated as,
=> 220,000 x 3/100
=> 6600
To know more about net investment income tax here.
https://brainly.com/question/8126559
#SPJ4
What would be the greatest opportunity cost for a talented college football player to remain in college for another year rather than enter the nfl draft?
The biggest opportunity cost for a gifted college football player who decides to stay in school an extra year rather than declare for the NFL draught is that he or she will miss out on being chosen by scouts during the playoffs in addition to losing out on the money.
The chance lost by not selecting one option over another is referred to as opportunity costs. The player forfeits the chance to be selected as a player and the related compensation if they choose to stay in college rather than declare for the NFL draught. NFL players get a significant salary for playing football; yet, if they want to continue their education in college, they forfeit this income and lose out on other opportunities while doing so.
To know more about opportunity costs, refer to:
brainly.com/question/12121515
#SPJ4
in a rising interest rate market, what would be the effect on market value of a typical mortgage backed bond or pass-through security secured by fixed-rate home mortgages? ch19
In a rising interest rate market, there will be a decrease in the market value of a typical mortgage-backed bond or pass-through security secured by fixed-rate home mortgages.
A pool of fixed-income securities that are supported by a collection of assets is known as a pass-through security, also known as a pay-through security. Each individual security in the pass-through pool is a representation of a substantial number of underlying debts, such as hundreds or thousands of home mortgages or auto loans, respectively.
The monthly interest payments on these debts are collected from the issuers by a service intermediary, and then, after deducting a charge, the servicing intermediary channels or passes them through to the investors.
Mortgage-backed securities make up the vast majority of all pass-through investments.
Two of the dangers that investors in the pass-throughs face are defaulting on the underlying debt and early payback of the loans that underlie the pass-throughs.
To know more about Pass-through security
https://brainly.com/question/28436759
#SPJ4
pearsall company has an employee benefit for compensated absences that gives each employee 10 paid vacation days and 10 paid sick days. both vacation and sick days can be carried over indefinitely. employees can elect to receive payment in lieu of vacation days; however no payment is given for sick days not taken. in its december 31 balance sheet, what amount of liability for compensated absences is requiired to report? g
The liability must be accrued only for the vacation pay, because it is probable that paid vacations will be taken. Therefore, the liability is $15,000 (150 days x $100 per day).
A liability for sick days may be accrued by the firm, but it is not required. If employees were routinely paid for missed sick days, sick days would have to be accrued. Because there is no pay for sick days not taken at this firm, there is no need to accrue this cost. It could be argued that illness is the condition that necessitates the payment of sick leave. Because illness cannot be predicted, it is not required to be accrued.
A compensated absence is defined as leave for which employees receive (a) cash payment when the leave is used for time off, (b) other cash payment during employment or upon termination of employment, or (c) settlement via noncash means, such as conversion to postemployment benefits.
To learn more about compensated absences, here
https://brainly.com/question/12987530
#SPJ4
what are the 6-12 most critical non-financial resources that the venture will need to make a minimum viable product and the first sale?
It demonstrates enough future benefits to retain early adopters are the 6-12 most critical non-financial resources that the venture will need to make a minimum viable product and the first sale
A "minimum viable product," also known as an "MVP," is a product that has only enough functionality to appeal to early adopters and prove the viability of a particular product idea. In industries like software, the MVP can help the product team by facilitating early user feedback collection so they can iterate and improve the product.
A prototype of a product that includes the very minimum functionality required for early adopters to use it and subsequently provide input for the product's continued development is called a minimal viable product (MVP). Focusing on creating an MVP can help developers avoid time-consuming work that is unnecessary.
To learn more about Minimum viable products visit: https://brainly.com/question/29322891
#SPJ4
if the bank returns $1,060 on the $1,000 deposited for a year during which inflation was 4 percent, the real interest rate is
If the bank returns $1,060 on the $1,000 deposited for a year during which inflation was 4 percent, the real interest rate is 2 percent.
How would you characterize inflation?A broad increase in prices for products and services over an extended period of time, which reduces both consumer and company purchasing power, is referred to as inflation. To put it another way, your dollar (or whatever currency you use to make purchases) will not go as far as it did yesterday.
Inflation in 2022: What's the cause?The supply chain places a strong emphasis on rising commodity and transportation costs, which are cost inputs for completed goods. In nations where food prices increased significantly, low-income customers were obliged to cut back on their purchases of other items, which slowed economic growth.
To know more about Inflation visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29308595
#SPJ4
what is the primary difference between public relations and advertising? advertising is a better medium than public relations for building credibility. public relations is more precise and carefully placed than advertising. advertising reaches its audience through paid media, whereas public relations does not. all public relations messages are openly sponsored, whereas advertising is not. public relations appears just as the advertiser designs it, whereas advertising does not.
Option (c), The main distinction between public relations and advertising is that public relations does not use paid media to reach its audience.
What distinguishes public relations from advertising in particular?PR and advertising both assist in establishing brands and reaching target markets. The primary distinction between both is that whereas public relations outcomes are obtained through informational outreach to the media in the form of press releases and pitches, advertising space is compensated.
Which, PR or advertising, is more effective?Advertising is a poorer investment than public relations. They aren't seeking for advertisements; rather, the stories in those same news sources are what draw the readers to the publication. Because of this, the ROI on the news coverage your PR company generates will often outweigh the ROI on advertising.
Learn more about public relations: https://brainly.com/question/27993099
#SPJ4
brianna has a loyalty card good for a discount at her local grocery store. to find the total she has to pay, before tax, she multiplies the prices by 0.95. what percent discount does the card give
Brianna has a loyalty card good for a discount at her local grocery store. to find the total she has to pay, before tax, she multiplies the prices by 0.95. The card gives 0.5% discount.
She multiplies the price by 0.95, it means that she pays 0.95 of the price. If the whole price is 1 and she pays 0.95, the discount will be 1 - 0.95 = 0.5. So, the discount will be 5%.
A loyalty program is a marketing tactic created to persuade customers to keep using the products or services of a company that is a part of the program.
These programs now exist for the majority of commercial activities, each with its own features and incentive structures, including banking, entertainment, hospitality, retail, and travel.
Due to a highly competitive market and a wide range of services available to customers, the market approach has changed from being product-centric to being customer-centric; for this reason, it's crucial that marketing strategies place a priority on expanding a sustainable business and raising customer satisfaction.
To know more about loyalty card:
https://brainly.com/question/29890377
#SPJ4
for which of the following manufactured products would job costing be more appropriate than process costing? select one: a. chemicals b. liquid soap c. designer dresses sold to celebrities d. baseball hats
C) designer dresses sold to celebrities. Most of the time, it's used for expensive items like designer dresses. In job order costing, the costs of the individual products are recorded.
Since paint, chemicals, and liquid soap cannot be distinguished from one another, process costing would be appropriate.
Is work costing better compared to handle costing?
Industry: The best use of job costing is in industries where products or services are customized to meet the needs of customers. Process costing is best for large scale manufacturing businesses with normalized items.
Which businesses might value process costing more than job costing?
Job order costing is typically used in industries like hospitals and retail that produce one-of-a-kind or custom orders for individual customers. Process costing is typically used by businesses that manufacture a single product or similar products in large quantities.
To learn more about job costing here:
https://brainly.com/question/21432925
#SPJ4
a producer of industrial valves and gauges has a sales force of 40 people who use their own cars to cover territories of various sizes in the western half of the united states. to reimburse these people for the use of their cars, the plan most equitable to both management and the sales force is
Answer:
it would be 20
Explanation:
i looked it up
Who will be engaged in trade with the Swahili trading cities?
The Swahili Coast city-states traded at their height, during the 12th and 15th centuries, with African tribes as far away as Zimbabwe as well as the major trading powers of the time, Arabia, Persia, India, and China, across the Indian Ocean.
The Swahili Coast at that time included a number of city-states that conducted trade across the Indian Ocean. Despite speaking the same language (Swahili) and practicing the same religion, the city-states were autonomous sultanates (Islam). They exchanged goods like pottery, silks, and glassware for goods across the Indian Ocean.
The rise of the Swahili culture and areas was fostered by commerce in gold, ivory, and slaves with other nations engaged in the Indian Ocean trade.
Read more about Swahili trading cities at
https://brainly.com/question/7640978
#SPJ4
store a sells four times as many products as store b and one fifth as many as store c. if store c sells 122,420 products, how many products does store b sell?required question. 6,121 24,484 97,936 153,025 489,680
The number of products that store B sell is 6121 . Thus, the correct answer is option A.
What is a product?A product is the item which is offered for sale. A product can be a service or an item. Every product is made at a cost and each is sold at a price.
Store A sells one-fifth as many products as Store C. If Store C sells 122,420 products,
∴ Store A would sell =
= 122,420/5
= 24,484 products
Store A sells four times as many products are store B. If Store A sells 24,484 products,
∴ Store B would sell =
= 24,484/ 4
= 6121 products
Therefore, 6121 products is sold by store B.
To learn more about product, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/22852400
#SPJ1
which two of the following are necessary for a valid contract?i. a description of the scope of work.ii. an offer.iii. legal subject matter and purpose.iv. a counteroffer.
An offer and a counteroffer is necessary for a valid contract. The appropriate response is option 1 and 4.
What is a valid contract?A contract is an agreement among parties that establishes legal duties for both parties. The fundamental components necessary for the agreement to be a legitimate offer and acceptance, appropriate compensation, capacity, and legality.
A counteroffer serves as both a fresh offer that significantly modifies the terms of the previous offer and a rejection of a proposal to enter into a contract. An acceptance of a counteroffer renders the initial offer wholly worthless since it acts as a rejection.
To learn more about contract
https://brainly.com/question/2669219
#SPJ1