A is the surface area of the pipe, Ts is the temperature at the outer surface of the pipe, and To is the temperature of the air.
What is Temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, which determines the direction of heat flow. It is a scalar quantity that quantifies the hotness or coldness of an object or a system.
a. To find the steady state temperature profile within the pipe wall, we can apply the steady-state heat conduction equation. Since the pipe is made of copper, which is a good conductor of heat, we can assume one-dimensional radial conduction along the radial direction.
The heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates is given by:
∂/∂r (r * k * ∂T/∂r) = 0
where:
r is the radial distance from the center of the pipe
k is the thermal conductivity of copper (given as 400 W/(m.K))
T is the temperature
Considering the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe, we can set up the boundary conditions:
At r = r₁ (inner surface of the pipe): T = 300°C (temperature of saturated steam)
At r = r₂ (outer surface of the pipe): T = Tₒ (temperature of air, given as 20°C)
Solving the heat conduction equation with the given boundary conditions, we can obtain the steady state temperature profile within the pipe wall.
b. The rate at which heat is being removed from the pipe by air can be calculated using the convective heat transfer equation, which is given by:
Q = h * A * (T - Tₒ)
Learn more about Temperature from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/26866637
#SPJ1
brian hits a baseball straight toward a 15 ft high fence that is 400 ft from home plate. the ball is hit when it is 2.5ft above the ground and leaves the bat at an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal. find the initial velocity needed for the ball to clear the fence
The right ventricle of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. The correct answer is B.
This is because the right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and then passes it on to the right ventricle, which then pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. Once the blood is oxygenated, it returns to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary vein, and the left ventricle then pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body. The right ventricle of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. In this process, the right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery, which then transports the blood to the lungs to get oxygenated.
To know more about Ventricles visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29564818
#SPJ11
Light of wavelength 632 nm is incident upon a sapphire (n = 1.77) prism at an angle of incidence (with respect to the normal) of 70 degrees. If the angle of the prism is 60 degrees, the angle of refraction at the second face,\Theta, is:
A. 26 degrees
B. 37 degrees
C. 56 degrees
D. 63 degrees
E. 70 degrees
The angle of refraction (Theta) at the second face of the sapphire prism is approximately 63 degrees .(D)
To find the angle of refraction at the second face, follow these steps:
1. Use Snell's Law to find the angle of refraction (r1) at the first face: (D)
n1 * sin(i) = n2 * sin(r1)
2. Calculate the angle inside the prism (α):
α = 180 - angle of the prism - r1
3. Use the total internal reflection condition for the second face to find the critical angle (θc):
sin(θc) = n2 / n1
4. Use the angle of incidence (i) at the second face:
i2 = α + θc
5. Use Snell's Law again to find the angle of refraction (Theta) at the second face:
n2 * sin(i2) = n1 * sin(Theta)
To know more about Snell's Law click on below link:
https://brainly.com/question/2273464#
#SPJ11
A bicyclist notes that the pedal sprocket has a radius of rp = 9. 5 cm while the wheel sprocket has a radius of rw = 4. 5 cm. The two sprockets are connected by a chain which rotates without slipping. The bicycle wheel has a radius R = 65 cm. When pedaling the cyclist notes that the pedal rotates at one revolution every t = 1. 7 s. When pedaling, the wheel sprocket and the wheel move at the same angular speed. (a) Calculate the angular speed of the wheel sprocket ωw, in radians per second. (b) Calculate the linear speed of the bicycle v, in meters per second, assuming the wheel does not slip across the ground. (c) If the cyclist wanted to travel at a speed of v2 = 3. 5 m/s, how much time, in seconds, should elapse as the pedal makes one complete revolution?
(a) The angular speed of the wheel sprocket is 8.47 rad/s. (b) The linear speed of the bicycle is 5.5 m/s. (c) To travel at a speed of 3.5 m/s, it takes the pedal 1.17 seconds to make one complete revolution.
(a) To find the precise speed of the wheel sprocket, we can utilize the proportion of the radii.
ωw = (rp/rw) * ωp = (9.5 cm/4.5 cm) * (2π rad/1 fire up) * (1 fire up/1.7 s) = 8.47 rad/s.
(b) The direct speed of the bike is given by v = R * ωw, where R is the sweep of the bike wheel.
v = 65 cm * 8.47 rad/s = 5.5 m/s.
(c) To make the opportunity it takes for the pedal to make one complete transformation at a speed of 3.5 m/s, we can utilize the equation v = R * ωp, where v = 3.5 m/s and R = 65 cm.
ωp = v/R = 3.5 m/s/0.65 m = 5.38 rad/s.
The ideal opportunity for one unrest is T = 2π/ωp = 2π/5.38 rad/s = 1.17 s/fire up.
To learn more about speed and radius, refer:
https://brainly.com/question/30557816
#SPJ4
if n = 1.28, what is the largest angle of incidence, θa , for which total internal reflection will occur at vertical face?
The largest angle of incidence, θa , for which total internal reflection will occur at vertical face is any angle greater than 51.06°.
To find the largest angle of incidence (θa) for total internal reflection at the vertical face, you need to use the critical angle formula:
Critical Angle (θc) = arcsin(1/n)
Where n is the refractive index.
In this case, n = 1.28. Plug the value into the formula:
θc = arcsin(1/1.28)
θc ≈ 51.06°
For total internal reflection to occur, the angle of incidence (θa) must be greater than the critical angle. Therefore, the largest angle of incidence for which total internal reflection will occur at the vertical face is any angle greater than 51.06°.
Learn more about angle of incidence here: https://brainly.com/question/30402542
#SPJ11
The magnetic flux through a coil of wire containing two loops changes at a constant rate from-52Wb to +70Wb in 0.77s .
What is the magnitude of the emf induced in the coil?
Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
The coil's induced emf is measured at a value of 1386T. According to Faraday's rule, the quantity of, or the amount of induced emf, is equal to the number of coil turns times sub B over t, where sub B, as we've seen, can be represented as B times A.
How much induced emf does the coil experience when the field changes?The magnetic flux rate of change divided by the coil's turn count yields the induced emf in a coil.
Change of magnetic flux through a coil of wire = B -A
= 70Wb - 52Wb
= 18Wb
The magnetic flux in one turn of the coil = ϕ = BA
= 18*77
=1386T
To know more about magnetic flux visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/30858765
#SPJ1
A body receives impulses of 24Ns and 35Ns inclined 55 to each other. Calculate the total impulse
The total impulse received by the body is approximately 42.43 Ns.
Impulse is a measure of the change in momentum of an object resulting from a force acting upon it for a period of time. It is defined as the product of the force and the time interval over which it acts, and is represented by the symbol "J".
To find the total impulse received by the body, we need to use vector addition to add the two impulses together. Since the impulses are at an angle of 55 degrees to each other, we can use the law of cosines to find the magnitude of the resultant impulse:
I² = 24² + 35² - 2(24)(35)cos(55)
I² = 576 + 1225 - 1680cos(55)
I² = 1801.9
I ≈ 42.43 Ns
To know more about impulse, here
brainly.com/question/30466819
#SPJ1
What is the magnitude of the electric field at the dot?
The magnitude of the electric field at the dot is determined by the distance from the dot to the charge, the magnitude of the charge, and the electric constant (k).
To calculate the electric field at the dot, use the formula: E = k * |q| / r², where E is the electric field, k is the electric constant (8.99 x 10⁹ N m² C⁻²), q is the magnitude of the charge, and r is the distance between the dot and the charge.
1. Identify the charge's magnitude (q) and the distance from the dot to the charge (r).
2. Plug the values of q and r into the formula: E = k * |q| / r².
3. Calculate the electric field (E) using the given values and the electric constant (k).
Remember to consider the direction of the electric field, as it points away from positive charges and towards negative charges.
To know more about electric field click on below link:
https://brainly.com/question/15800304#
#SPJ11
If a car has a suspension system with a force constant of 5.00×104 N/m , how much energy must the car’s shocks remove to dampen an oscillation starting with a maximum displacement of 0.0750 m?
The car's shocks must remove 140.625 Joules of energy to dampen the oscillation.
To calculate the energy that the car's shocks must remove to dampen an oscillation starting with a maximum displacement of 0.0750 m and a force constant of 5.00×10^4 N/m, you can use the formula for potential energy in a spring system:
Potential Energy (PE) = (1/2) × Force Constant (k) × Displacement (x)^2
Here, the force constant (k) is 5.00×10^4 N/m and the maximum displacement (x) is 0.0750 m.
PE = (1/2) × (5.00×10^4 N/m) × (0.0750 m)^2
Now, perform the calculations:
PE = (1/2) × (5.00×10^4 N/m) × (0.005625 m^2)
PE = 0.5 × 5.00×10^4 N/m × 0.005625 m^2
PE = 140.625 J
To learn more about Force Constant, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/25313999
#SPJ11
(a) Convert 10.0 degrees, θ2-20.0 degrees, and θ3-70.0 degrees to radians. (b) Calculate the sine of each angle and compare it to θ measured in radians. (c) What conclusion do you draw concerning θ and sinθ for small angles when θ is measured in radians? (d) For the equation, sin θ = n sin φ + c, assume that you plot a graph of sinθversus sin φ. What are the slope and intercept of the graph?
In radians (a) 0.1745 rad, 0.3941 rad, 1.2217 rad (b) sin(0.1745 radians), sin(0.3491 radians), sin(1.2217 radians) (c) sin(theta) equals to theta (d) slope = n, y intercept = -c
(a) To convert degrees to radians, we use the formula:
radians = degrees * (π/180)
Using this formula:
[tex]10.0 degrees = 10.0 * (\pi /180) radians = 0.1745 radians\\ 20.0 degrees = 20.0 * (\pi /180) radians = 0.3491 radians\\ 70.0 degrees = 70.0 * (\pi /180) radians = 1.2217 radians[/tex]
(b) The sine of an angle can be calculated using a calculator or a table of trigonometric functions. Using a calculator, we get:
[tex]sin(10.0 degrees) = 0.1736 = sin(0.1745 radians)\\sin(20.0 degrees) = 0.3420 = sin(0.3491 radians)\\sin(70.0 degrees) = 0.9397 = sin(1.2217 radians)[/tex]
We can see that the values of sine are very close for the angles measured in degrees and radians.
(c) When θ is small and measured in radians,[tex]sintheta[/tex] is approximately equal to θ. This can be seen from the Taylor series expansion of sinθ:
[tex]sin(theta) = theta - (theta^3)/3! + (theta^5)/5! - (theta^7)/7! + ...[/tex]
For small values of θ, the higher order terms become negligible, and we are left with sinθ ≈ θ.
(d) The equation [tex]sin (theta) = n sin fi[/tex] + c can be rearranged as:
[tex]sin theta - c = n sin fi[/tex]
Let [tex]y = sin theta - c[/tex] and [tex]x = sin fi[/tex]. Then, we have equation:
y = nx
This is a linear equation of the form y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. In this case, the slope is n and the y-intercept is -c. So, the slope of the graph is equal to n, and the y-intercept is equal to -c.
Learn more about radians here:
https://brainly.com/question/7721249
#SPJ11
In radians (a) 0.1745 rad, 0.3941 rad, 1.2217 rad (b) sin(0.1745 radians), sin(0.3491 radians), sin(1.2217 radians) (c) sin(theta) equals to theta (d) slope = n, y intercept = -c
(a) To convert degrees to radians, we use the formula:
radians = degrees * (π/180)
Using this formula:
[tex]10.0 degrees = 10.0 * (\pi /180) radians = 0.1745 radians\\ 20.0 degrees = 20.0 * (\pi /180) radians = 0.3491 radians\\ 70.0 degrees = 70.0 * (\pi /180) radians = 1.2217 radians[/tex]
(b) The sine of an angle can be calculated using a calculator or a table of trigonometric functions. Using a calculator, we get:
[tex]sin(10.0 degrees) = 0.1736 = sin(0.1745 radians)\\sin(20.0 degrees) = 0.3420 = sin(0.3491 radians)\\sin(70.0 degrees) = 0.9397 = sin(1.2217 radians)[/tex]
We can see that the values of sine are very close for the angles measured in degrees and radians.
(c) When θ is small and measured in radians,[tex]sintheta[/tex] is approximately equal to θ. This can be seen from the Taylor series expansion of sinθ:
[tex]sin(theta) = theta - (theta^3)/3! + (theta^5)/5! - (theta^7)/7! + ...[/tex]
For small values of θ, the higher order terms become negligible, and we are left with sinθ ≈ θ.
(d) The equation [tex]sin (theta) = n sin fi[/tex] + c can be rearranged as:
[tex]sin theta - c = n sin fi[/tex]
Let [tex]y = sin theta - c[/tex] and [tex]x = sin fi[/tex]. Then, we have equation:
y = nx
This is a linear equation of the form y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. In this case, the slope is n and the y-intercept is -c. So, the slope of the graph is equal to n, and the y-intercept is equal to -c.
Learn more about radians here:
https://brainly.com/question/7721249
#SPJ11
A Ferris wheel on a California pier is 27 m high and rotates once every 32 seconds in the counterclockwise direction. When the wheel starts turning, you are at the very top.
What is your angular position 75 seconds after the wheel starts turning, measured counterclockwise from the top? Express your answer as an angle between 0∘ and 360∘.
Express your answer in degrees.
θ =
What is your speed v?
Express your answer with appropriate units.
v =
A Ferris wheel on a California pier is 27 m high and rotates once every 32 seconds in the counterclockwise direction. When the wheel starts turning, the angular position 75 seconds after the wheel starts turning, measured counterclockwise from the top, is 268 degrees.Speed of the Ferris wheel is 5.31 meters/second.
To solve this problem, we need to use the equation:
θ = θ₀ + ωt
where θ is the angular position, θ₀ is the initial angular position (in this case, at the very top), ω is the angular velocity (which is equal to 2π/T, where T is the period of rotation), and t is the time elapsed.
First, we need to find the period of rotation:
T = 32 seconds
Therefore, the angular velocity is:
ω = 2π/T = 2π/32 = π/16 radians/second
Now, we can find the angular position after 75 seconds:
θ = θ₀ + ωt
θ = 0 + (π/16) * 75
θ = 4.68 radians
To convert this to degrees, we can use the conversion factor:
1 radian = 180/π degrees
Therefore: θ = 4.68 ×180/π = 268 degrees
So the angular position 75 seconds after the wheel starts turning, measured counterclockwise from the top, is 268 degrees.
To find the speed v, we need to use the equation:
v = ωr
where r is the radius of the Ferris wheel (which is equal to the height of the wheel, since it starts at the top).
r = 27 meters
Therefore: v = ωr = (π/16) * 27 = 5.31 meters/second
So the speed of the Ferris wheel is 5.31 meters/second.
To learn more about speed https://brainly.com/question/13943409
#SPJ11
if the primary current is less than two amperes for a transformer rated at 600 volts or less, the short-circuit protective device can be set at not more than _____ percent of this value.
If the primary current is less than two amperes for a transformer rated at 600 volts or less, the short-circuit protective device can be set at not more than 125% of this value.
What is Circuit?
A circuit is a closed path or loop through which electric current can flow. It consists of a source of electrical energy (such as a battery or power supply), conductive wires or cables, and one or more electrical components (such as resistors, capacitors, or switches) that are connected in a specific arrangement. The components in a circuit work together to control the flow of electric current and to perform a specific function, such as powering a device or controlling the brightness of a light bulb.
This is in accordance with the National Electrical Code (NEC) which states that for transformers with primary current of 9 amperes or less, the overcurrent protection may be set at 125% of the rated primary current if the transformer does not supply other transformers or loads. For transformers that supply other transformers or loads, the overcurrent protection should be set at the rated primary current of the transformer.
To know more about Circuit visit:
brainly.com/question/12608491
#SPJ1
After the main life of the sun, where it fuses hydrogen in the core, it will become a
Select one:
a. red gient
b. red dwarf
c. green dwarf
d. blue giant
After the main life of the sun, where it fuses hydrogen in the core, it will become a red giant.
As a star like the sun ages, it will eventually exhaust the hydrogen in its core, which is what fuels the nuclear fusion reactions that generate the star's energy. As a result, the core will contract and heat up, causing the outer layers of the star to expand and cool. This results in the star becoming a red giant, a large and luminous star that is much cooler than the sun in its current state.
During this phase, the star will undergo significant changes, including the fusion of helium and other elements, and eventually the ejection of its outer layers in a planetary nebula. The core of the star will eventually collapse into a white dwarf, a dense and hot remnant of the star's former self.
To know more about hydrogen
brainly.com/question/31018544
#SPJ11
a small, square loop carries a 42 a current. the on-axis magnetic field strength 47 cm from the loop is 5.2 nt . What is the edge length of the square?
The edge length of the square loop is 0.029 m.
The magnetic field at a point on the axis of a square loop of edge length a, carrying a current I, at a distance x from the center of the loop is given by the equation:
B = [tex](μ0/4π) * (2I/a^2) * f(x/a)[/tex]
where μ0 is the permeability of free space and f(x/a) is a dimensionless function that depends on the distance x/a. For a point on the axis at a distance x from the center of the loop, f(x/a) is given by:
f(x/a) = [([tex]√(1+y^2))/y] - (1/y^2) - [(1-y^2)/y^2(1+y^2)^(3/2[/tex])]
where y = x/a + 1/2.
Substituting the given values, we get:
5.2 × 10[tex]^(-9) T = (μ0/4π) * (2(42 A)/a^2) * f(0.47[/tex]/a)
Solving for f(0.47/a) gives:
f(0.47/a) = 1.00
Substituting this value into the previous equation, we get:
5.2 × 10[tex]^(-9) T = (μ0/4π) * (2(42 A)/a^2[/tex])
Solving for a gives:
a = √ [tex][(μ0I)/(2πB)][/tex]
Substituting the values of μ0, I, and B, we get:
a = √[([tex]4π × 10^(-7) T·m/A) × (42 A)/(2π × 5.2 × 10^(-9)[/tex]T)] = 0.029 m
Therefore, the edge length of the square loop is 0.029 m.
learn more about magnetic fields here:
https://brainly.com/question/14411049
#SPJ4
another switch allows one to adjuest the magnetic field so that it is either nearly uniform at the center or has a strong gradient. The latter means that the magnitude of the field changes rapidly along the vertical direction near the center. How does this switch change the current in the two coils?
Depending on the desired magnetic field configuration, the switch modifies the current in the coils to vary the magnetic field, making it either almost uniform or strongly gradient.
What are the two possible causes of a shift in flux?The magnetic flux across a loop can be altered in one of three ways: Alter the magnetic field's strength across the surface (raise, reduce). Adjust the loop's surface area.
Where does the magnetic field's strength reach its maximum?The bar magnet's magnetic field is strongest at its centre and weakest between its two poles. The magnetic field lines are least dense between the two poles and most dense at the centre.
To know more about magnetic field visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/24397546
#SPJ1
A particle with a charge of −1.24×10−8C is moving with instantaneous velocity v = (4.19×10^4m/s)i^ + (−3.85×10^4m/s)j^ .
What is the force exerted on this particle by a magnetic field B⃗ = (1.90 T ) i^? Enter the x, y, and z components of the force separated by commas.
What is the force exerted on this particle by a magnetic field B⃗ = (1.90 T ) k^?
A charged particle with a magnitude of -1.24×10⁻⁸C is in motion with a velocity of (4.19×10⁴m/s)i^ + (-3.85×10⁴m/s)j^. The force exerted on the particle by the magnetic field is -2.3484×10⁻³ N in the z-direction, while the x and y components of the force are zero.
To calculate the force exerted on the particle by the magnetic field, we can use the formula for the magnetic force on a moving charged particle:
F⃗ = q (v⃗ × B⃗)
where q is the charge of the particle, v⃗ is its velocity, and B⃗ is the magnetic field.
Given:
q = -1.24×10⁻⁸ C (charge of the particle)
v⃗ = (4.19×10⁴ m/s)i^ + (-3.85×10⁴ m/s)j^ (velocity of the particle)
B⃗ = (1.90 T)k^ (magnetic field)
Calculating the force:
F⃗ = q (v⃗ × B⃗)
= (-1.24×10⁻⁸ C) [(4.19×10⁴ m/s)i^ + (-3.85×10⁴ m/s)j^] × (1.90 T)k^
The cross product of v⃗ and B⃗ can be calculated as follows:
i^ × k^ = j^ (unit vectors perpendicular to each other)
j^ × i^ = -k^ (unit vectors perpendicular to each other)
Therefore:
F⃗ = (-1.24×10⁻⁸ C) (-3.85×10⁴ m/s)(1.90 T)
= (2.3484×10⁻³ N)k^
The force exerted on the particle by the magnetic field has only a z-component, which is -2.3484×10⁻³ N. The x and y components are both zero.
So, the components of the force separated by commas are 0, 0, and -2.3484×10⁻³ N.
To know more about the force exerted refer here :
https://brainly.com/question/8737101#
#SPJ11
when a gas is compressed, it absorbs 0.84 kj of energy and 674 j of work is done on the gas. calculate the internal energy change, in units of kj, of the surroundings.
The internal energy change of the surroundings is -1.514 kJ.
To calculate the internal energy change of the surroundings when a gas is compressed, we'll use the given values for energy absorption and work done on the gas.
It is given that,
Energy absorbed by the gas = 0.84 kJ
Work done on the gas = 674 J
First, convert the work done on the gas to kJ:
674 J * (1 kJ / 1000 J) = 0.674 kJ
Now, we'll apply the principle of conservation of energy. Since the gas absorbs energy and has work done on it, the surroundings must lose that amount of energy.
Internal energy change of the surroundings = -(Energy absorbed by the gas + Work done on the gas)
Internal energy change of the surroundings = -(0.84 kJ + 0.674 kJ)
Calculate the internal energy change of the surroundings:
Internal energy change of the surroundings = -1.514 kJ
As a result, the environment's internal energy change is -1.514 kJ.
Learn more about "internal energy": https://brainly.com/question/17136958
#SPJ11
A magnetic field of magnitude 0.300 T is oriented perpendicular to the plane of a circular loop. (a) Calculate the loop radius if the magnetic flux through the loop is 2.70 wb. (b) Calculate the new magnetic flux if loop radius is doubled.
The circle's radius is 0.517 metres. The loop's new magnetic flux is 0.836 Wb.
(a) Given that the magnetic field has a magnitude of 0.300 T and the magnetic flux across the loop is 2.70 Wb, we have:
Φ = Bπ[tex]r^2[/tex]
[tex]2.70 Wb = 0.300 T \times \pi r^2[/tex]
[tex]r^2[/tex] = [tex]2.70 Wb / (0.300 T \times \pi)[/tex]
r = [tex]\sqrt{(2.70 Wb / (0.300 T \times \pi))[/tex] = 0.517 m
Therefore, the radius of the circular loop is 0.517 m.
(b) The new radius is if the loop radius is twice, then 2r = 1.034 m. The magnetic flux through the loop is given by the same formula Φ = Bπ[tex]r^2[/tex], but with the new radius. Therefore, we have:
Φ' = Bπ[tex](2r)^2[/tex]
Φ' = Bπ(4[tex]r^2[/tex])
Φ' = 4Bπ[tex]r^2[/tex]
The result of substituting the values of B and r is:
Φ' = 4(0.300 T)π[tex](0.517 m)^2[/tex]
Φ' = 0.836 Wb
The quantity of magnetic field travelling through a specific surface is measured by magnetic flux. It is denoted by the symbol and is defined as the sum of the surface area perpendicular to the magnetic field's area A and magnetic field intensity B. In mathematics, is equal to BAcos(), where is the angle formed by the magnetic field and the surface normal.
Due to its critical significance in the behaviour of magnetic materials and the interplay between magnetic fields and electric currents, magnetic flux is a key term in the study of electromagnetism. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in the construction and functioning of a variety of electrical appliances, like as transformers, motors, and generators.
To learn more about Magnetic flux visit here:
brainly.com/question/31501008
#SPJ4
7. A cylindrical wire has a resistance R and resistivity p. Ifits length and diameter are BOTH cut in half, what will be its resistivity? a) 4p c) rho d) p/2 e) p/4
The resistivity of the wire does not change when both its length and diameter are cut in half. The answer is (c) rho.
The resistance of a wire is given by the formula:
R = (ρ * L) / A
where R is resistance, ρ is resistivity, L is length, and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire.
For a cylindrical wire, the cross-sectional area is given by:
A = Π * (d/2)²
where d is the diameter of the wire.
If the length and diameter of the wire are both cut in half, then the new length and diameter are:
L' = L/2
d' = d/2
The new cross-sectional area is:
A' = Π * (d'/2)² = (Π/4) * d²
The new resistance is:
R' = (ρ * L') / A' = (ρ * L/2) / [(Π/4) * d²] = (2ρ * L) / (Π * d²)
We can write the new resistivity as ρ':
ρ' = R' * A' / L' = [(2ρ * L) / (Π * d²)] * [(Π/4) * d²] / (L/2) = ρ
The answer is (c) rho.
To know more about resistivity here:
https://brainly.com/question/29427458#
#SPJ11
If the magnetic field in a traveling electromagnetic wave has a maximum value of 16.5 nT, what is the maximum value of the electric field associated with it?
Near this particular time, the electric field of the evector of sinusoidal electromagnetic waves is 300 V/m at its highest value.
What is the magnetic field's greatest and minimum?(i) On a current element's direction, the electromagnetic field is at its lowest point, or zero. (ii) The current element's magnetism is strongest in a plane that passes through it and is parallel to its axis.
What are the magnetic flux's greatest and lowest values?The highest and lowest magnetic field conditions If the angle among the magnetization line on the surface is 0, the flux of magnetic energy obtained is at its maximum. When the angle among the magnetization line and the outermost layer is ninety degrees, the flux of magnetic energy produced is at its lowest.
To know more about waves visit:
https://brainly.com/question/25954805
#SPJ1
A bicycle with tires 68 cm in diameter travels 8.0 km. How many revolutions do the wheels make?
The circumference of a circle is given by the formula C = πd, where C is the circumference and d is the diameter of the circle. Therefore, the circumference of each tire is:
C = πd = π(68 cm) ≈ 213.63 cm
To find the number of revolutions made by the wheels, we need to know the distance traveled by the bicycle in terms of the circumference of the wheels. We can use the formula:
distance = number of revolutions * circumference
Rearranging this formula, we get:
number of revolutions = distance / circumference
Substituting the given values, we get:
number of revolutions = 8.0 km / (2π × 0.68 km) ≈ 58.5 revolutions
Therefore, the wheels of the bicycle make approximately 58.5 revolutions.
Learn more about diameter here:
https://brainly.com/question/5501950
#SPJ11
Particles q_{1} = 8mu*C q_{2} = 3.5mu*C and q_{3} = - 2.5mu*C are in a line. Particles q_{1} and q_{2} are separated by 0.10 m and particles q_{2} and q_{3} are separated by 0.15 m. What is the net force on particle g_{1} ? Remember: Negative forces (-F) will point Left Positive forces (F) will point Right
The vector sum of the forces imposed by the other two particles is the net force acting on particle [tex]q_1[/tex]. By applying Coulomb's law, we may determine the size of the force [tex]q_2[/tex] has on [tex]q_1[/tex]:
What is particles?A method called an experiment is used to test a hypothesis or educated estimate in order to confirm or deny it. In order to investigate novel occurrences or to confirm and validate accepted theories or principles, experiments are carried out.
[tex]F_{12} = (k*q1*q2)/(0.10m)^2\\\\F_{12}=(8.99*10^9 N*m^2/C^2)*(8*10^{-6} C)*(3.5*10^{-6} C)/(0.10m)^2\\\\F_{12}=2.8*10^{-4} N[/tex]
In a similar manner, we can determine the strength of the force that [tex]q_3[/tex] has on [tex]q_1[/tex]:
The vector sum of the two forces equals the net force acting on [tex]q_1[/tex]. The force due to [tex]q_2[/tex] is directed to the right whereas the force due to [tex]q_3[/tex] is pointing to the left because [tex]q_2[/tex] has a positive charge and [tex]q_3[/tex] has a charge that is negatively charged. Consequently, the net force on [tex]q_1[/tex] is equal to and is to the right.
[tex]F_{net}=F_{12 }+ F_{13}\\\\F_{net}=2.8*10^{-4 N} + (-1.9*10^{-4 N})\\\\F_{net}=0.9*10^{-4} N.[/tex]
To learn more about particles, visit:
brainly.com/question/27911483
#SPJ1
Determine the maximum stress in the beam's cross section. Take M - 43 lb-ft. (Figure 1) Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. A Value Units Submit Request
The maximum stress in the beam's cross-section is determined using the formula max stress = [tex](M * c) / I[/tex], where M is [tex]43 lb-ft[/tex], c is 2 inches, and I is [tex]10.67 in^4[/tex] , resulting in a value of 8.07 psi.
To determine the maximum stress in the beam's cross-section, we can use the formula:
[tex]max stress = (M * c) / I[/tex]
Where M is the bending moment (given as [tex]43 lb-ft[/tex]), c is the distance from the neutral axis to the outermost point in the cross-section (in this case, the distance from the center of the beam to the bottom edge), and I is the moment of inertia of the cross-section.
From Figure 1, we can see that the beam is rectangular with a width of 2 inches and a height of 4 inches. The moment of inertia of a rectangular cross-section is:
[tex]I = (b * h^3) / 12[/tex]
Where b is the width and h is the height. Plugging in the values for our beam, we get:
[tex]I = (2 * 4^3) / 12 = 10.67 in^4[/tex]
To find c, we need to determine the location of the neutral axis. For a rectangular cross-section, the neutral axis is located at the centroid, which is at the center of the cross-section. Since the height is 4 inches, the distance from the neutral axis to the bottom edge is 2 inches.
Now we can plug in our values into the formula for max stress:
[tex]max stress = (43 lb-ft * 2 in) / 10.67 in^4 = 8.07 psi[/tex]
Therefore, the maximum stress in the beam's cross-section is 8.07 psi.
learn more about maximum stress here:
https://brainly.com/question/23270001
#SPJ11
if the radio operates at a current of 500 ma, what is the current through the primary winding?
The current through the primary winding if the radio operates at a current of 500 mA, the current through the primary winding is also 500 mA.
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. It consists of two coils of wire, called the primary winding and the secondary winding, wrapped around a common magnetic core. When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary winding, it creates a changing magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary winding. The voltage induced in the secondary winding depends on the ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding. The current through the primary winding of a transformer depends on the voltage and impedance (resistance) of the circuit it is connected to. The current in the primary winding is not necessarily the same as the current in the secondary winding, since the voltage and impedance of the two circuits can be different.
The current through the primary winding is also 500 mA is because the current in the primary winding directly supplies power to the radio, and therefore they share the same current value.
Learn more about primary winding: https://brainly.com/question/28865089
#SPJ11
guys please help me
Answer:
S = V T distance = speed * time
S1 = 20 * T1 = S/4 T1 = S / 80
S2 = 30 * T2 = 3 S / 4 T2 = S / 40
V = S / T = S / (T1 + T2)
T1 + T2 = S (1/40 + 1/80) = 120 S / 3200 = .0375 S
V = S / (.0375 S) = 26.7 average speed
An evanescent field at angular frequency w = 1015rad/s is created via total internal reflection at the interface between two different media with refractive index n1 and n2, where n1=4, and n2=2. The incident angle 01=80°. We can define the propagation direction of the evanescent field as the x-direction, and the z-direction is normal to the interface between the two media, and therefore the evanescent field wave function can be expressed as Ēei(kxx+kzz-wt).(a) Should the incident light come from the medium with n1 or the medium with n2 to undergo total internal reflection?(b) Is the evanescent field in the medium with n1 or the medium with n2?(c) Calculate the values for kx and kz in the medium in which the field is evanescent.
(a) The critical angle for total internal reflection is given by sin(θc) = n2/n1, where θc is the angle of incidence at which total internal reflection occurs.
Substituting the given values of n1 and n2, we get sin(θc) = 1/2. Solving for θc, we get θc = 30°. Since the given incident angle 01 is greater than θc, the incident light should come from the medium with n1 to undergo total internal reflection.
(b) The evanescent field is present in both media, but its magnitude decays exponentially with distance from the interface. The amplitude of the evanescent field in medium 1 (with refractive index n1) is given by E1 = Ēei(kx x + k1z z - wt), where k1 = w/n1c is the wave vector in medium 1, c is the speed of light in vacuum, and x and z are the coordinates along the x- and z-axes, respectively. Similarly, the amplitude of the evanescent field in medium 2 (with refractive index n2) is given by E2 = Ēei(kx x + k2z z - wt), where k2 = w/n2c is the wave vector in medium 2. Since the wave vector k is continuous across the interface, we have kx = k1x = k2x, where k1x and k2x are the x-components of the wave vectors in media 1 and 2, respectively. Therefore, the evanescent field is present in both media, but its decay rate (determined by the imaginary part of the wave vector) is different in each medium.
learn more abouT speed here:
https://brainly.com/question/13943409
#SPJ4
compare the kinetic energy of a 20,500 kg truck moving at 145 km/h with that of an 83.5 kg astronaut in orbit moving at 27,000 km/h. ketruck keastronaut =
The kinetic energy of the truck is about 0.0007% of the kinetic energy of the astronaut in orbit.
How to compare the kinetic energy of two objects with different masses and velocities?To compare the kinetic energy of the truck and the astronaut, we can use the formula for kinetic energy:
[tex]KE = 1/2 * m * v^2[/tex]
where KE is the kinetic energy, m is the mass, and v is the velocity.
For the truck, the mass is 20,500 kg and the velocity is 145 km/h = 40.28 m/s (we need to convert km/h to m/s to use the formula). So, the kinetic energy of the truck is:
[tex]KEtruck = 1/2 * 20,500 kg * (40.28 m/s)^2 = 16,553,444 J[/tex]
For the astronaut, the mass is 83.5 kg and the velocity is 27,000 km/h = 7,500 m/s. So, the kinetic energy of the astronaut is:
[tex]KEastronaut = 1/2 * 83.5 kg * (7,500 m/s)^2 = 23,587,812,500 J[/tex]
Therefore, the kinetic energy of the astronaut in orbit is much greater than that of the truck. The ratio of their kinetic energies is:
[tex]KEtruck/KEastronaut = 16,553,444 J / 23,587,812,500 J = 7.01 *10^-4[/tex]
This means that the kinetic energy of the truck is about 0.0007% of the kinetic energy of the astronaut in orbit.
Learn more about Kinetic energy
brainly.com/question/999862
#SPJ11
Since S is a closed surface, with a definite inside and outside, it encloses a well defined volume. If all the charges in the system are simple point charges, one can simply identify which point charges are inside the volume and sum their values. Another simple case is when the charge density in the volume is uniform, or constant. Then the enclosed charge is given by the product of the volume V inside S and the charge density rho; that is, qEnclosed = rhoV. Care must be taken to include only the charge inside S. If part of a charge distribution is not inside S (that is, some parts poke through the surface), only the part inside S contributes to qEnclosed.
If the charge density is a function of R only, it can still have rotational symmetry. (In this case, the shape is not changed by any rotation about the axis of symmetry.) Then the enclosed charge may be found by integration. To minimize confusion, we will use the variable R to refer to the radial coordinate of a position in the charge distribution (the cylinder). We will use the variable r to refer to the radius of our Gaussian surface.
In your calculus class, you used the method of cylindrical shells to determine the volume of shapes with rotational symmetry. You can use the same method to determine the total charge in such an object by introducing a factor of rho, the volume charge density. In the shell method, the volume of a thin cylindrical shell is given by1
∆V = 2πhRdr
the volume of the cylinder as the sum of the volumes of a series of N thin cylindrical shells of radii R1,R2,R3...RN. If we take the thickness of each shell to be ∆R = RCyl/N, we can construct a series of shells with radii RJ = J∆R, where (J = 1,2,3...N). As N goes to infinity the sum of the shell volumes VJ becomes an integral, and the integral yields the exact value of VCyl. (This is the definition of an integral according to Riemann.) The progression from thin shells to integrals can be written:
NN
VCyl = lim ∑ ∆VJ = lim ∑ 2πhRJ∆R = 2πhRdR (3.5)
RCyl x→[infinity] J=0 x→[infinity] J=0 0
To find the charge enclosed in the entire cylinder, qCyl, one need only add a factor of rho to the integral.
RCyl 0
You can find qCyl for almost any charge distribution rho(R) that depends only on R. If the radius of your Gaussian surface is greater than the radius of the cylinder, qEnclosed = qCyl; the upper limit of integration is then RCyl, as in Equation 3.6. If the radius of your Gaussian surface is less than the radius of the cylinder, you must include only the charge inside the Gaussian surface. To get qEnclosed, you reduce the upper limit of the integral from RCyl to r, the radius of your Gaussian surface.
Problem 5a
Compute the total charge inside in a cylinder of length h and radius RCyl when rho(R) = αR. Use the result to compute the electric field produced by the cylinder at points outside the cylinder (r > RCyl). Note that since r > RCyl, the Gaussian surface (with radius r) encloses all the charge in the cylinder. State the direction of the electric field inside and outside the cylinder when α > 0, that is, when the cylinder carries positive charge.
The total charge inside a cylinder of length h and radius RCyl with charge density rho(R) = αR is given by qEnclosed = ∫(αR × 2πhRdR) from 0 to RCyl.
The electric field at points outside the cylinder (r > RCyl) is given by E = (1 / 4πε₀) × (qEnclosed / r²).
The direction of the electric field is radially outward when α > 0 (positive charge).
1. Integrate the charge density function to find the total charge: qEnclosed = ∫(αR × 2πhRdR) from 0 to RCyl.
2. Calculate the electric field at points outside the cylinder using Gauss's law: E = (1 / 4πε₀) × (qEnclosed / r²).
3. Determine the direction of the electric field. For α > 0 (positive charge), the electric field is radially outward.
To know more about Gauss's law click on below link:
https://brainly.com/question/2854215#
#SPJ11
the acceleration of gravity on surface of the moon is 1/6 of that on the surface of the earth. how long would a pendulum have to be in order to have a period of 1.7 s on the moon? express your answer in meters to three significant digits. m
The length of the pendulum on the moon would need to be approximately 0.276 meters (to three significant digits) to have a period of 1.7 seconds.
The period (T) of a pendulum is given by the equation:
T = 2π√(L/g)
g(moon) = 1/6 g(earth)
Substituting this into the equation for T, we get:
T = 2π√(L/g(moon))
T = 2π√(L/(1/6 g(earth)))
T = 2π√(6L/g(earth))
1.7 s = 2π√(6L/9.81 m/s^2)
2.89 s^2 = 24π^2 L/9.81 m/s^2
L = (2.89 s^2 × 9.81 m/s^2)/(24π^2)
L ≈ 0.223 m
Therefore, the pendulum would have to be approximately 0.223 meters long in order to have a period of 1.7 s on the moon. To find the length of a pendulum on the moon with a period of 1.7 seconds, we'll use the formula for the period of a simple pendulum: T = 2π√(L/g), where T is the period, L is the length, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
To know more about pendulum visit :-
https://brainly.com/question/14759840
#SPJ11
What magnitude impulse will give a 2.0kg object a momentum change of magnitude +50 kgm/s?The answer is +50Ns, can someone explain this showing work? Thank you!
The magnitude impulse needed to change the momentum of the 2.0 kilogramme item by +50 kg m/s is +50 Ns.
To find the magnitude impulse that will give a 2.0 kg object a momentum change of magnitude +50 kgm/s, we can use the impulse-momentum theorem.
1. Understand the impulse-momentum theorem: The impulse-momentum theorem states that the impulse (I) applied to an object is equal to the change in momentum (Δp) of the object, or I = Δp.
2. Identify the given values: In this problem, you're given the mass (m) of the object as 2.0 kg and the change in momentum (Δp) as +50 kgm/s.
3. Use the impulse-momentum theorem to find the impulse: Since we know that I = Δp, we can plug in the given value of Δp to find the impulse (I):
I = +50 kgm/s
4. Verify that the answer is in the correct units: The units of impulse are Newton-seconds (Ns), and since our calculated impulse is +50 kgm/s, we can confirm that it is equivalent to +50 Ns, as 1 Ns is equal to 1 kgm/s.
So, the magnitude impulse that will give a 2.0 kg object a momentum change of magnitude +50 kgm/s is +50 Ns.
For more such questions on magnitude , click on:
https://brainly.com/question/30337362
#SPJ11
7. identify the number of electron groups around a molecule with sp-hybridization.
In a molecule with sp-hybridization, there are two electron groups around the central atom.
Sp-hybridization occurs when one s-orbital and one p-orbital in the valence shell of an atom mix together to form two hybrid orbitals called sp-hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are linearly oriented at an angle of 180 degrees to each other. The number of electron groups around a molecule is determined by the hybridization of the central atom. In the case of sp-hybridization, the central atom forms two sigma bonds with surrounding atoms using the two sp-hybrid orbitals, there are no lone pairs of electrons on the central atom in an sp-hybridized molecule.
Therefore, the number of electron groups in a molecule with sp-hybridization is two. Some examples of molecules with sp-hybridization include BeCl2 (beryllium chloride) and C2H2 (acetylene). In both of these molecules, the central atom forms two sigma bonds with adjacent atoms, and the molecular geometry is linear. The sp-hybridization is crucial in determining the molecule's shape and bonding properties. In a molecule with sp-hybridization, there are two electron groups around the central atom.
Learn more about hybridization at:
https://brainly.com/question/29587125
#SPJ11