Classes of codes. Consider the code {00, 11, 001}.
(a) Is it nonsingular? Why?
(b) Is it uniquely decodable? Explain.
(c) Is it instantaneous? Why?

True. Because a data flow name represents a specific set of data, another data flow that has even one more or one less piece of data must be given a different, unique name.

a. True

Data flows in a data flow diagram (DFD) represent a specific set of data moving between entities in a system. If the set of data differs in any way, it should be represented by a different data flow with a unique name to maintain clarity and accuracy in the diagram.

In the context of computing and data processing, a data flow represents the path that data takes from its source to its destination. It's a concept used to understand and illustrate how data moves, transforms, and is stored in a system.

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Here is the SQL CREATE command to create a table within the Chinook database with the below specifications.

This command will create a table named barde_1 with four columns:

id: An integer column that will be used as the primary key of the table.

first_name: A string column that will store the user's first name.

last_name: A string column that will store the user's last name.

email: A string column that will store the user's email address.

It is to be noted that the SQL CREATE command is important as it allows the creation of new database objects like tables, views, and indexes.

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A) Algorithm to return the index of the first item that is less than its predecessor: Let n be the number of elements in the sequence S1, S2, S3, ..., Sn. Initialize i to 1.If i is greater than n, return 0.If Si is less than Si-1, return i. Else, increment i by 1.Repeat from step 3.

B) Algorithm to return the index of the first item that is greater than its predecessor: Let n be the number of elements in the sequence S1, S2, S3, ..., Sn. Initialize i to 1.If i is greater than n, return 0.If Si is greater than Si-1, return i. Else, increment i by 1.Repeat from step 3.Example to illustrate: Given the sequence AMY BRUNO ELIE DAN ZEKE, here's how the algorithms will work: Algorithm A: The first item less than its predecessor is "DAN," which occurs at index 4. Therefore, the algorithm will return 4.Algorithm B: The first item greater than its predecessor is "AMY," which occurs at index 1. Therefore, the algorithm will return 1.

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"Web 2.0" refers to a new way to use the World Wide Web, whereby any user can create and share content, as well as provide opinions on existing content.

Web 2.0 is a term used to describe the shift in the use of the internet and the World Wide Web from static websites to dynamic platforms that enable user-generated content and interactivity. With Web 2.0, users are not just passive consumers of information but active participants who can contribute their own content, such as blog posts, videos, and social media updates.

Additionally, they can engage with existing content through comments, ratings, and sharing. Web 2.0 platforms empower individuals to be creators and contributors, fostering a more collaborative and interactive online environment.

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The statement that is NOT true regarding signal sequences is a)Proteins modified with a mannose-6-phosphate localize exclusively to the lysosome.

In reality, proteins modified with mannose-6-phosphate do not exclusively localize to the lysosome.

Mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) modification serves as a signal for sorting proteins to lysosomes, but it is not the sole determinant. M6P receptors on the trans-Golgi network recognize M6P-modified proteins and facilitate their trafficking to lysosomes.

However, it is important to note that not all M6P-modified proteins are destined for the lysosome.

There are instances where M6P-modified proteins can also be targeted to other cellular compartments.

For example, certain proteins modified with M6P can be secreted outside the cell, play roles in extracellular functions, or be involved in membrane trafficking events.

Therefore, it is incorrect to state that proteins modified with M6P localize exclusively to the lysosome.

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If a computer is thrown out with regular trash, it will end up in a landfill.

Electronic waste (e-waste) is becoming a major problem in our society. As technology advances, we are producing more and more e-waste each year, and most of it is not being disposed of properly. Computers, monitors, printers, and other electronic devices are often thrown away in landfills, where they can leach toxic chemicals into the environment and pose a serious threat to human health and the ecosystem. These toxic chemicals include lead, mercury, cadmium, and other heavy metals, which can cause cancer, birth defects, and other health problems if they are not handled properly. Many countries and states have laws requiring that e-waste be disposed of properly, but the regulations are not always enforced. As a result, much of our e-waste ends up in landfills, where it can remain for centuries without breaking down. To combat this growing problem, it is important that we all take responsibility for our own e-waste and make sure that it is disposed of properly. This can be done by recycling our old electronics through certified e-waste recycling programs or donating them to schools, charities, or other organizations that can put them to good use.

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The spread of portable cameras, particularly associated with Matthew Brady, means gory images of the battlefield can reach every home.

Matthew Brady was a renowned American photographer known for his documentation of the American Civil War. He extensively used portable cameras to capture images of the battlefield and the harsh realities of war. These images, often depicting the gruesome and graphic nature of combat, were circulated widely through various mediums, including newspapers and publications.

The availability of portable cameras and Brady's dedication to capturing the truth of the war brought the visual horrors of the battlefield directly into people's homes. It allowed individuals who were far removed from the front lines to witness the brutal realities of war in a way that had not been possible before. The impact of these gory images was significant, as they brought the harshness and brutality of war to a broader audience, evoking strong emotional responses and influencing public perception.

Overall, the proliferation of portable cameras and Matthew Brady's association with them played a crucial role in making gory battlefield images accessible to the general public, allowing them to witness the grim realities of war from the comfort of their own homes.

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Given the table :Name Blood Type Mother Type B Baby Type A Father 1Type A Father 2Type AB Father 3Type O Father 4Type B To find out which men could not be the father of the baby, we need to check their blood types with the mother and baby’s blood type.

If the father’s blood type is incompatible with the baby’s blood type, then he cannot be the father of the baby .The mother has Type B blood type. The baby has Type A blood type. Now let’s check the blood type of each possible father to see if he could be the father or not .Father 1:Type A blood type. The Punnett square shows that Father 1 could be the father of the baby. So he is not ruled out. Father 2:Type AB blood type. The Punnett square shows that Father 2 could be the father of the baby. So he is not ruled out. Father 3:Type O blood type. The Punnett square shows that Father 3 could not be the father of the baby. He is ruled out as the father of the baby. Father 4:Type B blood type. The Punnett square shows that Father 4 could be the father of the baby. So he is not ruled out.Thus, based on the given information in the table, only Father 3 (Type O) could not be the father of the baby.

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The assignment requires the development of a transaction logger for a bank client. The logger should write transaction data to a CSV file, and the code will be placed in a separate Python module. Additionally, the existing code needs to be modified to import the logger module and the time module for timestamping transactions.

The assignment focuses on creating a separate Python module, named "[ASUrite]_logger.py", to handle transaction logging. The module should import the CSV module and define a function called "log_transactions()", which takes a data structure containing transaction data and writes it to a CSV file. The assignment also mentions moving the "create_pin()" function from the previous assignment (PE5) to the logger module.

In the existing "[ASUrite]_a3transaction.py" module, the assignment requires importing the newly created logger module and the time module. The time module's "ctime()" function should be used to obtain the current time for timestamping transactions. The assignment suggests printing the current time to become familiar with the function.

By completing these tasks, the transaction logger will be implemented, enabling the bank client to maintain a record of all transactions in a CSV file for report generation and record-keeping purposes.

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An  example code snippet that calls get_pattern() twice and prints 10 characters:

To accomplish this task, you can define the get_pattern() function to generate a pattern of 5 characters, and then call it twice within the print() statement to return and print a total of 10 characters. Here's an example:

def get_pattern():

   # some code to generate a pattern of 5 characters

   return "ABCDE"

# call get_pattern() twice and print 10 characters

print(get_pattern() + get_pattern())

Output:

ABCDEABCDE

import random

def get_pattern():

   pattern = ""

   for _ in range(5):

       pattern += random.choice("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")

  return pattern

print(get_pattern(), get_pattern())

This code will call get_pattern() twice and print the returned patterns. Each call to get_pattern() will generate a random pattern of 5 lowercase letters. By using print() with multiple arguments separated by commas, you can print both patterns on the same line.

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Augmented reality (AR) sensors capture input from special-purpose symbols placed on paper or the flat surfaces of 3D objects.

They do this by tracking the position and orientation of objects in real-time using computer vision algorithms and/or sensor fusion techniques. By analyzing the input from these sensors, AR systems can overlay virtual graphics and information on top of the real-world environment. This can include anything from simple annotations and labels to complex 3D models and animations. One of the most common types of AR sensors is the camera-based sensor, which uses a camera to capture images of the surrounding environment. These images are then processed by software algorithms to detect and track special-purpose symbols that are placed in the environment. Another type of AR sensor is the depth sensor, which uses infrared light to measure the distance between objects in the environment. This information is used to create a 3D model of the environment, which can be overlaid with virtual graphics. AR sensors are becoming increasingly popular in a wide range of applications, including gaming, education, training, and industrial design.

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Telecommunications technology has seen rapid growth and major changes in the past few years. The following are some of the most significant developments in telecommunications technology:

1. The Internet: The internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It enables people to access data and services from anywhere on the planet.

2. Mobile Networks: The development of mobile networks has revolutionized telecommunications technology by making it possible for people to communicate while on the move. Mobile networks are based on cellular technology, which uses a series of cells to cover a geographical area.

3. Wireless Networks: Wireless networks have emerged as a significant development in telecommunications technology in recent years. They allow users to access the internet without the need for cables or wires. This makes it possible to have an internet connection in areas that were previously impossible to reach.

4. Cloud Computing: Cloud computing has made it possible for companies to store and manage large amounts of data remotely. This allows for more efficient use of resources and better data management.

. IoT: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of connected devices that can communicate with each other without human intervention. It allows for the collection of data from devices that were previously unconnected and the creation of new services based on that data. These are some of the most significant developments in telecommunications technology that have revolutionized the way we communicate.

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To use FFT algorithm to multiply two n-bit integers in O(n log(n)) time, pad a and b with zeros to make them 2n in length. Ensures 2n-bit integer compatibility.

In continuation: Convert padded integers a and b into complex number sequences A and B, where each element corresponds to the binary representation of the digits.

Run FFT on sequences A and B to get F_A and F_B. Multiply F_A and F_B element-wise to get F_C representing product Fourier transform. Apply IFFT algorithm to F_C for product of a and b in freq domain. Extract real parts of resulting sequence for product of a and b as a complex number sequence. Iterate the complex sequence and carry out operations to convert it to binary product representation.

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When dealing with multiple interrupts in a system, two common approaches are prioritization and nesting.

Prioritization: In this approach, each interrupt is assigned a priority level based on its importance or urgency. The system ensures that higher-priority interrupts are serviced before lower-priority interrupts. When an interrupt occurs, the system checks the priority level of the interrupt and interrupts the current execution if the new interrupt has a higher priority. This approach allows critical or time-sensitive interrupts to be handled promptly while lower-priority interrupts may experience delays.Nesting: Nesting is an approach that allows interrupts to be nested or stacked, meaning that a higher-priority interrupt can interrupt the execution of a lower-priority interrupt. When an interrupt occurs, the system saves the current state of the interrupted process and starts executing the interrupt handler for that interrupt. If a higher-priority interrupt occurs while handling a lower-priority interrupt, the system saves the state of the lower-priority interrupt and switches to the higher-priority interrupt.

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The maximum-sum common subsequence problem involves finding a common subsequence between two arrays with the maximum sum. An O(nm) dynamic programming algorithm can be designed to solve this problem efficiently.

To solve the maximum-sum common subsequence problem, we can utilize a dynamic programming approach. We'll create a matrix dp with dimensions (n+1) x (m+1), where n and m are the lengths of arrays A and B, respectively. Each cell dp[i][j] will represent the maximum sum of a common subsequence between the first i elements of A and the first j elements of B.

We initialize the first row and column of the matrix with zeros. Then, we iterate over each element of A and B, starting from the first element. If A[i-1] is equal to B[j-1], we update dp[i][j] by adding A[i-1] to the maximum sum of the previous common subsequence (dp[i-1][j-1]). Otherwise, we take the maximum sum from the previous subsequence in either A (dp[i-1][j]) or B (dp[i][j-1]).

After filling the entire dp matrix, the maximum sum of a common subsequence will be stored in dp[n][m]. Therefore, we can return dp[n][m] as the solution to the problem.

This dynamic programming algorithm has a time complexity of O(nm) since we iterate over all elements of A and B once to fill the dp matrix. By utilizing this efficient approach, we can find the maximum-sum common subsequence of two arrays in an optimal manner.

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All file input and output is done with binary data. Binary data represents information in the form of sequences of 0s and 1s, which are the basic units of digital information.

In computer systems, all data is ultimately stored and processed in binary format. Binary data is a representation of information using a series of 0s and 1s, which correspond to the two states of a binary digit or bit. This binary representation is the fundamental language of computers and forms the basis of file input and output operations.

When data is read from a file, it is interpreted as binary data by the computer. Similarly, when data is written to a file, it needs to be converted into binary format. This conversion process, known as serialization, ensures that the data can be stored and retrieved accurately.

The use of binary data allows for efficient storage and retrieval of information. It enables the computer to read and write data at the level of individual bits or groups of bits, providing granular control over data manipulation. Binary data is also compatible with various data types and can represent a wide range of information, including text, numbers, images, audio, and video.

In conclusion, all file input and output operations are done with binary data. Binary representation allows computers to store, process, and manipulate data in files efficiently, providing a standardized format for exchanging information between different systems and applications.

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Complete program which reads in words and prints them out in reverse order is given below:

ReverseInput.java```import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReverseInput
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
       ArrayList words = new ArrayList();
       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
       // Read input into words
       while (in.hasNext())
       {
           words.add(in.next());
       }
       // Reverse input
       for (int i = words.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
       {
           System.out.print(words.get(i) + " ");
       }
   }
}```In the above program, we are using a for loop to iterate over the list of words in reverse order, starting with the last element and ending with the first element. We are then printing out each word on a separate line using System.out.println().

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An information systems manager: acts as a liaison between the information systems group and the rest of the organization.

The role of the information systems manager is to understand the information technology concerns in the business and act as a bridge between the information systems group and the other part of the company.

He liaises with them and makes the right recommendations to move the business forward. Just as the manager of a business would direct the overall activities, the information systems manager directs the overall activity pertaining to computers in an organization.

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The solution to the given problem in the form of a flowchart is shown below:

The average wind speed for each day of the week is calculated by dividing the corresponding element in the `sums` array by the total number of measurements for that day.

Explanation: The above flowchart shows the steps to find the average wind speed over two weeks, the day of the week on which the highest wind speed and the lowest wind speed were recorded, and the average for each day of the week. These steps can be summarized as follows: Initialize two arrays named `days` and `maxSpeeds` to store the day of the week and the maximum wind speed for each week, respectively. Initialize another two arrays named `minSpeeds` and `sums` to store the minimum wind speed and the sum of wind speeds for each day of the week, respectively. In the loop, the day of the week is determined using the `mod` operator and its corresponding element in the `sums` array is incremented by the wind speed of that day. The minimum and maximum wind speed for the week is updated accordingly. After the loop, the average wind speed for the two weeks is calculated by summing all wind speeds and dividing by the total number of measurements.

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To write a function that takes two numbers as parameters and displays their sum in an alert box, you can use JavaScript's alert() function. Here's an example of how to call the function with the numbers 6 and 66.

In JavaScript, you can define a function that takes parameters by using the function keyword, followed by the function name and the parameter names in parentheses. To display an alert box, you can use the alert() function, which takes a message as its parameter.

Here's the code for the function:

javascript

Copy code

function displaySum(num1, num2) {

 var sum = num1 + num2;

 alert("The sum is: " + sum);

}

To call this function with the numbers 6 and 66, you can simply use the function name followed by the parameter values in parentheses:

javascript

Copy code

displaySum(6, 66);

When you run this code, it will display an alert box with the message "The sum is: 72", as the sum of 6 and 66 is 72.

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Answer:

Here's a simple implementation of a storage manager in Python:

```

class StorageManager:

def __init__(self, filename, block_size):

self.filename = filename

self.block_size = block_size

def read_block(self, block_num):

with open(self.filename, 'rb') as f:

offset = block_num * self.block_size

f.seek(offset)

return f.read(self.block_size)

def write_block(self, block_num, data):

with open(self.filename, 'r+b') as f:

offset = block_num * self.block_size

f.seek(offset)

f.write(data)

```

The `StorageManager` class takes in two parameters: the filename of the file on disk to read from and write to, and the size of each block in bytes.

The `read_block()` method reads a block of data from the specified file based on the block number provided as input. It first opens the file in binary mode (`'rb'`) and calculates the byte offset of the block based on the block size and block number. It then seeks to that offset within the file and reads the specified number of bytes into memory.

The `write_block()` method writes a block of data to the specified file based on the block number and data provided as input. It first opens the file in read-write binary mode (`'r+b'`) and calculates the byte offset of the block based on the block size and block number. It then seeks to that offset within the file and writes the provided data to the file at that position.

This is a very basic implementation of a storage manager and does not include error handling or other advanced features such as caching or buffering. However, it should be sufficient for basic storage needs.

In this implementation, the StorageManager class takes a block_size parameter in its constructor, which represents the size of each block in bytes.

The read_block method reads a block from a file on disk given the file_name and block_number as parameters. It opens the file in binary mode ('rb'), seeks to the appropriate position in the file based on the block number and block size, and then reads the block data into a variable before returning it.The write_block method writes a block of data to a file on disk. It takes the file_name, block_number, and block_data as parameters. It opens the file in read-write binary mode ('r+b'), seeks to the appropriate position based on the block number and block size, and then writes the block data to the file.To use this storage manager, you can create an instance of the StorageManager class with the desired block size and then call the read_block and write_block methods as needed.

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The method can you use to verify that a bit-level image copy of a hard drive is Hashing.

A hash function is a deterministic process used in computer science and cryptography that takes an input  and produces a fixed-length string of characters which can be seen as  "digest and this can be attributed to specific to the input.

Utilizing algorithms or functions, hashing converts object data into a useful integer value. The search for these objects on that object data map can then be honed using a hash.

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It is true that frequent flyer program members can still be reached by using the medium that was reported as the least used.

Although this medium may not be the most effective way to reach this specific audience, there are still potential benefits to using it in conjunction with other communication channels. The key to successful communication is understanding the target audience and tailoring the message to fit their needs. By utilizing multiple channels, including the less frequently used ones, the likelihood of the message being received and acted upon increases.

It is important to keep in mind that different individuals prefer different methods of communication, and what may be the least used medium for one person may be the preferred method for another. Therefore, it's always a good idea to diversify your communication strategy to increase the chances of reaching the intended audience.

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Answer:

A paint application

is used to edit raster images.

A drawing application

is used to edit vector images.

A  digitizing application

is used to control a scanner or digital camera.

Explanation:

got it right on edg

a) -1.35 standard deviations and below corresponds to approximately 8.86% of the area, b) 1.48 standard deviations and above corresponds to approximately 0.0694366% of the area, and c) the region between -0.4 and 1.5 standard deviations corresponds to approximately 9.7725% of the area.

a) For the region Z < -1.35, we are looking at the area to the left of -1.35 on the standard normal curve. By referring to a z-table or using a statistical calculator, we find that this corresponds to approximately 8.86% of the total area.

b) For the region Z > 1.48, we are looking at the area to the right of 1.48 on the standard normal curve. Using a z-table or calculator, we find that this corresponds to approximately 0.0694366% of the total area.

c) For the region -0.4 < Z < 1.5, we are looking at the area between -0.4 and 1.5 on the standard normal curve. By subtracting the area to the left of -0.4 from the area to the left of 1.5, we find that this region corresponds to approximately 9.7725% of the total area.

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The given SQL query functions can be used for parsing a string into its individual components. However, we need to identify the SQL query that is not typically used to parse a string into its individual components. Therefore, the correct answer is option b. LENGTH.

Parsing refers to breaking down a string of characters into smaller units. The following SQL query functions are used to parse a string into its individual components:SUBSTRING: Returns a substring from a string.LOCATE: Searches for a string within a string and returns its position.SUBSTRING_INDEX: Returns a substring from a string before the specified number of occurrences of a delimiter. LENGTH: Returns the length of a string.Therefore, the answer to the question is as follows:Option b. LENGTH is not typically used to parse a string into its individual components. This function is used to return the length of a string. The given SQL query functions such as SUBSTRING, SUBSTRING_INDEX, and LOCATE are used to parse a string into its individual components.

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The correct method that could be used to start an activity from a fragment is (b) startActivity().

An activity can be launched by using an Intent. Activities are generally used to present GUI elements or handle user interaction. Activities can also be launched from another activity or fragment. Here, the appropriate method to use to launch an activity from a fragment is startActivity().Intent is an essential class that facilitates launching a new activity. The action that is to be performed is described using this class. To specify the action, Intent() is called and then the activity's name is specified. Intent can be used to pass data between activities as well. If the data is only a few strings or numbers, it is best to use putExtra(). If you want to pass objects or complex data, you should create a Parcelable or Serializable object and pass it in using putParcelableExtra() or putSerializableExtra() in the Intent's extras. The fragment can call startActivity() on the Context object obtained by getActivity() to launch an activity. This can be accomplished in the following steps:Call getActivity() to obtain the current fragment's context. It is a good idea to verify that the activity is not null before proceeding.```if (getActivity() != null) {    // Launch Activity    Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), MyActivity.class);    startActivity(intent);}```

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Answer:

D. by checking the version history

Explanation:

When you access a document that is stored on the server and it is used by several teams, you can check the version history by going to file, then version history and see version history and in there, you can check all the versions, who edited the file and the changes that have been made. According to this, the answer is that the teams know that they are accessing the latest copy of the document on the server by checking the version history.

The other options are not right because a duplicate copy and taking a backup don't guarantee that you have the latest version of the document. Also, a reporting tool is a system that allows you to present information in different ways like using charts and tables and this won't help to check that you have the latest version of the document.

A dynamic website is an interactive website that is kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its users by utilizing a database.

A dynamic website is kept updated and interactive through a database. Designed to generate web pages dynamically based on user actions or other factors. In a dynamic website, content can change based on user actions.

The website can show personal info and custom content based on user input. Dynamic websites use server-side scripting languages like PHP, Python, or Ruby to access a database. The database stores user profiles, product details, and other dynamic content for retrieval and display.

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