H2SO4 in conc. Hint: In accordance with anti-Markovnikov law, we must add $H 2O$ to 1-methylcyclohexene in order to convert it to 2-methylcyclohexanol. You can accomplish this by causing it to react with diborane, which will result in the formation of trialkyl borane, and then oxidizing the trialkyl borane to produce alcohol.
Which chemicals are necessary for the transformation of 1-methylcyclohexene into 1-methylcyclohexanol?
Make 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane from 1-methylcyclohexene (optional). In order to complete this synthesis, an alkene with Markovnikov orientation must be added to. HBr is added ionically to produce the desired result.
Why is 1-methylcyclohexene the predominant product?
Since there is only one H substituent on the double-bonded carbons, 1-methylcyclohexene is the more strongly substituted alkene. This is the main item. Methylenecyclohexane, which has two H substituents on the double-bonded carbons, is the minor product.
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the images depict solid particles of different diameters in a liquid. identify each mixture as a colloid, suspension, or true solution.
A colloidal particle is a tiny particle whose size can range from a few nanometers to several micrometers, depending on the particular colloidal behavior being studied. For instance, if the stability of a colloidal solution is a concern, the upper limitation needs to be lower than roughly five micrometers, as beyond this limit the Brownian motion of the particles may not be strong enough to prevent them from coagulating with one another.
A suspension is defined as a homogenous mixture of particles having a diameter bigger than 1000 nm so that the particles are visible to the eye sight. All of the components in this kind of combination are thoroughly combined, and all of the particles are visible under a microscope.
A true solution-Any homogenous mixture of two or more substances that has a particle size of less than 10-9 m or 1 nm is considered to be a genuine solution.
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The last three letters of a name can tell a lot about a particle! For each of the name endings below, give a general description of what type of ion or particle would be expected to have that ending (cation, monatomic anion, polyatomic anion, metal element, and/or nonmetal element).Have the instructor check your answers above, and initial here: _____________
The correct name endings are;
ide - monoatomic anion
ium - cation
ate - polyatomic anion
ine - metal and or non- metallic element
ite - poly atomic ion
What is the correct endings?We know that there are a lot of substances that we have to deal with in chemistry. Some of the substances are; cation, monatomic anion, polyatomic anion, metal element, and/or nonmetal element. The way that we identify the kind of substance that we are to expect is from the name of the substances.
We know that the names of chemical particles do have unique endings. The ending of the name of the chemical particle is what can be able to tell us what kind of particle that we are dealing with in the system that is given. Any kind of particle is associated with a particular name ending that can be used to distinguish it.
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2. show how to make the molecule below from the indicated starting material. include the reagents necessary and any synthetic intermediates. (2 pts) 3. explain the regioselectivity of the nucleophilic attack of the chloronium ion below. compare it to nucleophilic attack of an epoxide. (2 pt)
When using specialized reagents like oxidizing reagents, reducing reagents, Grignard's reagents, etc., the reaction in organic chemistry is carried out by changing one functional group to another functional group.
Cyclohexane carboxaldehyde, which is transformed into 1-cyclohexylethanone, is the suggested starting material. (Aldehyde to ketone conversion).
As a result, the reaction takes place in two steps:
1. Grignard's reagents react with aldehydes to produce alcohol; for example, cyclohexane carboxaldehyde interacts with methyl magnesium bromide to produce secondary alcohol.
2. The intended product is a ketone, which is produced when the secondary alcohol combines with PCC (pyridine chlorochromate).
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the gas mixture inside one of the cylinders of an automo- bile engine expands against a constant external pressure of 0.98 atm, from an initial volume of 150 ml (at the end of the compression stroke) to a final volume of 800 ml. cal- culate the work done on the gas mixture during this pro- cess, and express it in joule
The work done on the gas mixture during this process is the work done is [tex]$-5.3 \mathrm{~J}$[/tex]
Work done by a gas against a constant external pressure is given by the expression,
[tex]$$\mathrm{W}=-\mathrm{P}_{\text {ext }} \Delta \mathrm{V}$$[/tex]
Substitute the values to find the work done during this process.
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}\mathrm{W} & =-0.98 \mathrm{~atm}(800 \mathrm{~mL}-150 \mathrm{~mL}) \\& =-0.637 \mathrm{~atm} . \mathrm{L} \\& =-0.637 \times 8.3145 \mathrm{~J} \\& =-5.3 \mathrm{~J}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
The formula for work completed according to science is W = F * d. In this instance, the force acting on the block is constant, but its impact on the block's displacement and force direction are different. Here, the force F responds to the displacement d at an angle of.
Therefore, the work done is [tex]$-5.3 \mathrm{~J}$[/tex].
Complete question: The gas mixture inside one of the cylinders of an automobile engine expands against a constant external pressure of 0.98 atm, from an initial volume of 150 mL (at the end of the compression stroke) to a final volume of 800 mL. Calculate the work done on the gas mixture during this process, and express it in joules.
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QUESTION 2
An unknown compound (Compound Nomocorona) was determined to have a solubility of 30.0 in 100.0
mL of pure water at room temperature. When 30.0 grams of the compound were dissolved in 100.0 mL of
pure water, the final volume of the solution was 106.4 mL of solution. What is the m/v % concentration of
Nomocorona in the saturated solution with water?
The mass per volume concentration is obtained as 30%.
What is the m/v concentration?We know that the concentration has to do with the amount of substance that can be found in the solution. In this case, the concentration here has been expressed as the mass per volume concentration.
If 30 g of the solid dissolves in 100 mL of the water
x g dissolves in 106.4 mL of the solution
x = 30 * 106.4/100
x = 31.92 g
The mass per volume concentration now becomes;
31.92 g/106.4 mL * 100/1
= 30%
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Simple Distillation - Method
Distillation is the separation of multiple liquid components based on their different boiling points.
As the mixture is heated and the first component boils, its vapor form travels through the distillation set-up and condenses into a different container.
A method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture is known as simple distillation.
Distillation is the process of turning a liquid into the vapour, which is then condensed back into its liquid state. The simplest illustration of it is when the steam from a kettle condenses into drops of the distilled water that are left on a cold surface. Distillation can be used to separate two or more liquids having different boiling points, such as separation of gasoline, kerosene, and lubricating oil from the crude oil, or to separate liquids from the nonvolatile solids, as in separation of alcoholic beverages from fermented materials.
The majority of distillation techniques are variations of simple distillation used in industry and laboratory research.
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The molar volume of a certain form of solid lead is 18 cm3/mol. Assuming cubic closest-packed structure, determine the following.
The number of Pb atoms per unit cell
3
4
10
12
14
18 cm3/mol is the molar volume of a specific type of solid lead. The following should be determined assuming a cubic closest-packed structure. 4 Pb atoms are contained in each unit cell.
What materials make up atoms?Protons, neutrons, and electrons are three extremely small types of particles, together referred to as subatomic particles, that make up an atom. The nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons, is where an atom's energy is stored. An electron cloud flies above the nucleus.
Are we made of atoms?Atoms of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen make up the vast majority of the molecules in your body. The other elements necessary for life are also present in much lesser quantities in you.
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0.350g of Fe3O4 reacts with excess O2 to give Fe2O3 in21.6% yield according to the following balanced equation. 4Fe0(s) + O2(g) →6Fe2O3(s)
According to given statement the theoritical yield of Fe₂O₃ is 0.36g and the actual yield of Fe₂O₃ is 0.078g.
Equation and response are what?In a chemical reaction, bonds between molecules of the reactant are broken and new bonds between molecules of the product are established to create a new substance. A equation is nothing more than a detailed estimate that represents how reactants generate products.
Briefing:4Fe₃O₄ (s) + O₂ (g) → 6Fe₂O₃ (s)
Moles of Fe₃O₄ = 0.350/231.55 g/mol
= 1.51 * 10⁻³
Moles of Fe₂O₃ = 6/4 * 1.51 * 10⁻³
= 2.26 * 10⁻³ mol
Mass of Fe₂O₃ = 2.26 * 10⁻³ * 159.7 g/mol
Theoritical yield = 0.36 g
Actual yield = 21.6/100 * 0.36
= 0.078 g
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The complete question is-
0.350g of Fe₃O₄ reacts with excess O₂ to give Fe₂O₃ in 21.6% yield according to the following balanced equation:
4Fe₃O₄ (s) + O₂ (g) → 6Fe₂O₃ (s)
1). Calculate the theoritical yield of Fe₂O₃
2). Calculate the actual yield of Fe₂O₃
8. What is 263 K in Celsius?
A. 536 °C B. 10 °C
C. -536 °C
Answer:
Negative 10°C
Explanation:
Temperature in Celsius = Temperature in Kelvin - 273.15
Temperature in Celsius = 263 - 273.15
Temperature in Celsius = -10.15
Order the following in decreasing energy
Highest Energy
1
2
3
4
5
⠀ Microwave
Yellow
Gamma
Blue
Infared
Lowest Energy
Microwaves, infrared, red, ultraviolet, and gamma waves are the waves with the lowest to highest energy levels.
Which wave has the most energy and the least energy?Wavelength affects a wave's energy; the longer the wavelength, the lower the energy. Gamma rays, therefore, have the maximum energy, and long radio waves are the lowest in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Are gamma rays the waves with the maximum energy?GAMMA RAYS' SOURCES, The electromagnetic spectrum includes all waves, but gamma rays are the most energetic and have the smallest wavelengths. The universe's hottest and most energetic objects, including neutron stars and pulsars, supernova explosions, and regions near black holes, all produce them.
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Oxidation Unit Test
Consider a galvanic cell with a beaker of Chromium(III) nitrate Cr(NO3)3 and a beaker of Copper(II) nitrate Cu(NO3)2-
The Chromium(III) nitrate beaker contains a strip of chromium, and the Copper(II) nitrate cell contains a strip of copper. A wire
runs between the strips. The reaction that occurs is as follows:
2Cr(s) + 3Cu² (aq) → 2Cr³+ (aq) + 3Cu(s)
In three to five sentences, list which electrode is the anode and which is the cathode and the half reactions that occur at each
electrode.
(4 points)
In this galvanic cell, the strip of chromium in the Chromium(III) nitrate beaker is the anode, and the strip of copper in the Copper(II) nitrate beaker is the cathode. At the anode, the half reaction that occurs is 2Cr(s) → 2Cr³+ (aq) + 3e-. At the cathode, the half reaction that occurs is 3Cu² (aq) + 3e- → 3Cu(s). These two half reactions combine to form the overall reaction 2Cr(s) + 3Cu² (aq) → 2Cr³+ (aq) + 3Cu(s).
Oxidation Unit Test
1. Which statement best explains why magnesium and chlorine combine in a 1:2 ratio?
A. Magnesium has two valence electrons, and chlorine can accept one electron in its outer shell
2. Hydrogen and nitrogen combine to form ammonia. When nitrogen and hydrogen bond, nitrogen pulls the electrons from hydrogen toward itself. Which statement about the reactants is correct?
C. Hydrogen is oxidized, and nitrogen is reduced.
3. C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O + energy
Which type of reaction is shown?
C. combustion
4. Which phrase best defines a redox reaction?
D. a reaction in which electrons are transferred between different atoms
5. Which statement describes the process of oxidation?
D. Oxidation results in a loss of electrons, so the oxidation number increases.
6. Which chemical equation represents a redox reaction?
D. Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(l)
7. Which statement correctly describes the oxidation number of the manganese atom (Mn) in MnI2 and MnO2?
A. Manganese has an oxidation number of +2 in MnI2 and +4 in MnO2.
8. Br2(l) + 2NaI(aq) → I2(s) + 2NaBr(aq)
Which elements are oxidized and reduced in the reaction?
D. Iodine (I) is oxidized, and bromine (Br) is reduced.
9. Which action occurs at an electrode of a galvanic cell?
D. electron transfer
10. Which statement best compares a battery and a galvanic cell?
A. A battery’s source of power is a galvanic cell in which a redox reaction produces electrical energy.
11. Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2
2Al + 3Cu2+ → 2Al3+ + 3Cu
Which elements are oxidized?
A. zinc (Zn) and aluminum (Al)
12. 2Cr(s) + 3Cu2+(aq) → 2Cr3+(aq) + 3Cu(s)
Which half reaction occurs at the cathode?
B. 3Cu2+(aq) + 6e– → 3Cu(s)
How many atoms of oxygen are on the reactant side in the reaction below?
In the reaction of decomposition of potassium chlorate to give potassium chloride and oxygen gas, there are 6 oxygen atoms present in both reactant side and product side of the reaction.
What is decomposition?Decomposition is a type of reaction in which a single substance or reactant decompose or break into its constituent compounds or molecules. Normally decomposition reactions are exothermic and evolve heat to the surrounding.
Potassium chlorate KClO₃ breaks into KCl and O₂. In one mole of KClO₃ there are 3 oxygen atoms. Hence, for 2 moles of potassium chlorate there are 6 oxygen atoms.
The number each elements have to be balanced in both side. Here the number of oxygen on both side is 6. Similarly all other elements are balanced in the given reaction.
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complete the balanced chemical equation for the following reaction between a weak acid and a strong base. NH4Cl + KOH
Balanced equation is same as the following reaction between a weak acid and a strong base. NH4Cl + KOH.
strong base is a compound that can remove a proton from a very weak acid. In water, they completely dissociate into its ions. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide are two examples (NaOH) When dissolved in solutions, weak acids do not completely dissociate into their constituent ions. When dissolved in water, an equilibrium between the concentrations of the weak acid and its constituent ions is established. Strong bases are those that completely ionise in water and produce a large amount of hydroxide ions. Weak bases are those that ionise partially in water and produce a small amount of hydroxide ions. NaOH and KOH are powerful bases. Weak bases include NH4OH, Ca(OH), and Mg(OH).
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find the degree, leading coefficients, and the maximum number of real zeros of the polynomial. f ( x )
This polynomial has a leading coefficient of -3 and a degree of 6. The greatest number of real zeros is two, according to Descartes' rules of signs.
Determine the polynomial f(x)=3+degree, 3 is leading term, and leading coefficient. The highest power on x is 3, which is the degree. The term with the highest degree in f(x) originates from the fact that A polynomial's real zeros correspond to its linear components.
The term with the highest power of x is the leading term in a polynomial. As an illustration, the leading term in 7+x3x2 is 3x2. A polynomial's leading coefficient is the coefficient of the leading term. The leading coefficient in the aforementioned illustration is 3.
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g carbon-14 radiometric dating can be used to date organic objects up to about 50,000 years old. to determine the age of an object, the following numbers are needed.
The realistic higher restriction is set 50,000 years for the carbon dating due to the fact so little C-14 stays after nearly nine 1/2 of-lives that it could be difficult to come across and gain an correct reading, irrespective of the dimensions of the sample.
Because of the fast period of the carbon-14 1/2 of-lifestyles, carbon courting is most effective correct for objects which can be lots to tens of lots of years old. Most rocks of hobby are a good deal older than this. Geologists should consequently use factors with longer 1/2 of-lives.
For older fossils, an isotope with an extended 1/2 of-lifestyles ought to be used. For example, the radioactive isotope potassium-forty decays to argon-forty with a 1/2 of lifestyles of 1.three billion years. Other isotopes normally used for courting consist of uranium-238 (1/2 of-lifestyles of 4.five billion years) and thorium-232 (1/2 of-lifestyles 14.1 billion years).
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Which of the following statements about the reactions in Table 2.2 is FALSE?
A) They are dissociation reactions.
B) They are exchange reactions.
C) They are reversible reactions.
D) They are ionization reactions.
E) They occur when the reactants are dissolved in water.
B
B) They are exchange reactions. It is a chemical reaction that involves synthesis, decomposition, the formation and breaking of chemical bonds, as well as the absorption, storage, and release of chemical energy.
Which two types of reactions are there?In every chemical process, energy is involved. When new bonds form in products, energy is produced. Energy is used to break bonds in reactants. Chemical reactions can be classified as either exothermic or endothermic in terms of energy.
With an example, what is reaction?Their reaction to the news was good. His first response when I told him what had transpired was shock. Most of the attendees at the conference reacted angrily to the announcement. When I initially met him, I didn't immediately believe in him.
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This mineral can be protective for the teeth when introduced into the water supply; however it can cause tooth mottling when consumed in high quantities
Fluoride is mineral can be protective for the teeth when introduced into the water supply; however it can cause tooth mottling when consumed in high quantities
Natural mineral fluoride is emitted from rocks into the land, water, and atmosphere. Although nearly all water contains some fluoride, the amount is typically insufficient to stop tooth decay. Additionally, fluoride can be added to drinking water supplies as a preventative step to lower cavities. Mineral fluoride is naturally found in many foods and is also sold as a dietary supplement. Fluoride, which is the ionic form of the element fluorine, prevents or delays the development of dental caries (tooth decay) and promotes the production of new bone. [1]
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The attraction that nonpolar molecules have for each other is primarily caused by the presence of
A) hydrogen bonding
B) high ionization energy
C) electronegativity differences
D) van der Waals forces
The answer is D.
Van der Waal's Force of attraction
These are weak intermolecular forces that depend on the distance between non-polar atoms or molecules. The name came into existence from the name of a Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik Van Der Waals. He discovered these forces for the first time in 1873 while analyzing the deviation of real gas from the ideal gas.
There are two types of Van der Waals forces:
Weak London Dispersion Forces Stronger dipole-dipole forces
Properties of Van der Waal forces:
They are weaker than covalent or ionic bonds.They are not directionalThey are additive in nature.They are temperature-independent (except dipole-dipole interactions)
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Match each four-electron group designation with the correct molecular shape.
AX4
AX3E
AX2E2Tetrahedral
Trigonal Pyramidal
Bent
Four-electron group designation with the correct molecular shape is AX4 : Tetrahedral, AX4 : Tetrahedral, AX3E : Trigonal pyramidal, molecular shape.
Here E represent lone pair electrons and A represent central atom and X represent bonded atom.
AX4 : Tetrahedral
AX3E : Trigonal pyramidal
AX3E2 : T-shaped
AX2E3 : Linear
A molecule will adopt that shape in which lone pairs are present at maximum distance in order to have least repulsion. Thus, lone pairs are present in the at equatorial position in Trigonal bipyramidal structure to give molecular shape to the molecule.
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Which of the following has the highest boiling point? Hint: They are all non polar. CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH3 i.e., butane having more boiling point among the all given .
Compounds composed of molecules joined by chemical bonds arranged so that their charge distributions are symmetrical are called non-polar compound
Compounds composed of molecules joined by asymmetric polar bonds.
Polar compounds exhibit polarity. This is a property characterized by two opposite charges or poles. As such, it can be converted into a water-soluble ion, which is a polar molecule.
Reason :
while increasing the number of carbons in the chain, the boiling point also increases. The alkanes having intractions with the neighbour alkanes will be Van der Waals dispersion forces, these intractions are very less in the small molecule such as methane. The the force of attraction between the molecules increases as the molecule gets longer and has more electrons.
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ammoniagas and oxygengas react to form nitrogengas and watervapor. suppose you have of and of in a reactor. calculate the largest amount of that could be produced. round your answer to the nearest .
In this reaction, ammonia gas (NH3) and oxygen gas (O2) react to form nitrogen gas (N2) and water vapor (H2O).
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
2 NH3 + 3 O2 → 2 N2 + 6 H2O
To calculate the largest amount of nitrogen gas that could be produced, we need to consider the limiting reactant. The limiting reactant is the reactant that runs out first and determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.
To find the limiting reactant, we need to compare the mole ratios of the reactants to the mole ratios of the products in the balanced chemical equation.
In this case, the mole ratio of NH3 to N2 is 2:2, and the mole ratio of O2 to N2 is 3:2. This means that the reaction consumes 2 moles of NH3 for every 2 moles of N2 produced, and 3 moles of O2 for every 2 moles of N2 produced.
Since we have of NH3 and of O2, we can calculate the number of moles of each reactant as follows:
Number of moles of NH3 = = 0.5 moles
Number of moles of O2 = = 0.75 moles
Since the number of moles of O2 is less than the number of moles required to produce the same amount of N2 (which is 3 moles), O2 is the limiting reactant. This means that the maximum amount of N2 that can be produced is equal to the number of moles of O2 that are present.
Therefore, the largest amount of N2 that could be produced in this reaction is 0.75 moles
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This reaction creates nitrogen gas (N2) and water vapor from the interaction of ammonia gas (NH3) and oxygen gas (O2) (H2O). N2 can be created in this reaction up to 0.75 moles at its maximum quantity.
2 NH3 + 3 O2 2 N2 + 6 H2O is the reaction's balanced chemical equation.
Why would one use nitrogen gas?When doing a chemical analysis, nitrogen is frequently utilized to prepare samples. Liquid sample volume is decreased and concentrated using this method. For the chemical industry, nitrogen is also crucial. In addition to nylon, dyes, nitric acid, fertilizers, and explosives, it is used to produce.
The gas nitrogen is it explosive?One liter of liquid nitrogen becomes 24.6 cubic feet of nitrogen gas when it is vaporized, expanding by a factor of 700.
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For each pair of compounds, pick the one with the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature.
• CH3Cl or CH4 ________________________
• CH3CH2CH2OH or CH3OH ________________________
• CH3OH or H2CO ________________________
The CH4 , CH3OH , H2CO these have high vapor pressure.
What is vapor pressure?
Vapor pressure rises with temperature and measures a substance's propensity to transform into a gaseous or vapor state. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure present at its surface equals the atmospheric pressure.
What is temperature ?
The average kinetic energy of all the atoms or molecules in a given material, expressed as its temperature. The kinetic energy of a substance's particles varies. A distribution can be used to show how the particles' kinetic energy is distributed at any particular moment.
Higher the magnitude of intermolecular bonding, lower will be the vapor pressure.
(a). Ans :- CH4
CH4 = Low molecular mass, therefore magnitude of vander waal's forces is less and hence have high vapor pressure.
CH3Cl = High molecular mass, therefore magnitude of vander waal's forces is more and hence low vapor pressure.
(b). Ans :- CH3OH
Both CH3OH and CH3CH2CH2OH form intermolecular hydrogen bonding but intermolecular bond in CH3CH2CH2OH are more strong. Hence, CH3OH have high vapor pressure.
(c). Ans :- H2CO
H2CO for dispersion forces while CH3OH form strong intermolecular H-bonding, So, H2CO have high vapor pressure.
Therefore, CH4 , CH3OH , H2CO these have high vapor pressure.
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What Is The Molar Concentration Of Na+ Ions In 0.0200 M Solutions Of The Following Sodium Salts In Water?
The molar concentration of Na⁺ ions In 0.0200 M solutions of the given sodium salts in water is:
For NaBr, the molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 0.020 M
For Na₂SO₄; the molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 0.040 M
For Na₃PO₄; the molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 0.060 M
What is the molar concentration of a substance?The molar concentration of a substance is the amount in moles of that substance that is present in a given volume of a solution of that substance.
Mathematically;
molar concentration = number of moles of substance / volume of the substanceThe molar concentration of Na⁺ ions In 0.0200 M solutions of the given sodium salts in water is calculated as follows:
Molar concentration = moles of sodium ions in 1 mole of the salt * molar concentration of the salt.
For NaBr;
moles of Na⁺ ions in 1 mole of the salt = 1 mole
molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 1 * 0.020 M
molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 0.020 M
For Na₂SO₄;
moles of Na⁺ ions in 1 mole of the salt = 2 moles
molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 2 * 0.020 M
the molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 0.040 M
For Na₃PO₄;
moles of Na⁺ ions in 1 mole of the salt = 3 moles
molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 3 * 0.020 M
the molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 0.060 M
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Complete question:
What Is The Molar Concentration Of Na+ Ions In 0.0200 M Solutions Of The Following Sodium Salts In Water?
NaBr
Na₂SO₄
Na₃PO₄
after studying the chemical reactions of many compounds made of carbon, august discovers a that says carbon always forms chemical bonds to other atoms when it forms a compound.
After studying the chemical reactions of many compounds made of carbon, august discovers Law that says always forms chemical bonds.
A chemical reaction transforms one or more substances (the reactants) into one or more new substances (the products). Substances are made up of chemical components or chemical elements. The atoms that make up the reactants in a chemical reaction are rearranged to create different products. Chemical reactions are essential to all aspects of life, including technology and culture. A few examples of prehistoric processes that involved chemical reactions include the burning of fuels, the smelting of iron, the production of glass and pottery, the brewing of beer and wine, and the making of cheese. Chemical reactions are abundant in the Earth's geology, atmosphere, oceans, and a wide range of complex processes that occur in all living systems.
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write the condensed (noble-gas) electron configuration of iodine. for multi-digit superscripts or coefficients, use each number in succession.
Iodine, its atomic number is 53. Its complete electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵ or [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵.
The electron configuration of an atom is the representation of the arrangement of electrons distributed among the orbital shells and subshells.
The four different types of orbitals, s,p,d, and f have different shapes, and one orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons.
The p, d, and f orbitals have different sublevels, thus can hold more electrons. As stated, the electron configuration of each element is unique to its position on the periodic table.
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for each electrolyte, indicate whether it is more abundant in the intracellular fluid (icf) or the extracellular fluid (ecf).
Intracellular fluid (ICF):Potassium, Magnesium & Phosphate ions
Extracellular fluid (ECF): Sodium. Chloride, Calcium & Bicarbonate ion
What is the difference between ECF and ICF?The cytosol found inside a cell is known as intracellular fluid (ICF). ECF, which surrounds the cells and acts as a circulating reservoir, is present. The ECF is separated into intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid, which bathes the exterior of the cells (i.e., plasma, lymph, and cerebral spinal fluid).The extracellular compartment is made up of the interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular compartments. About one-third of its body's water content is found in its extracellular fluid (ECF).The system that comprises all fluid contained in cells by their plasma membranes is known as the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment. Every cell in the body is surrounded by extracellular fluid (ECF).Water, dissolved electrolytes, and proteins make up the intracellular fluid, which makes up around 40% of a person's total body weight. Phosphate (PO4 P O 4), magnesium (Mg2+ M g 2 +), and potassium (K+) are a few of the major electrolytes present in intracellular fluid.Learn more about ECF and ICF refer to :
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30. Which is true of atoms X and Y if they are isotopes of the same element?
A. X and Y have the same atomic number and mass number.
B. X and Y have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
C. X and Y have the same mass number but different atomic number.
D. X and Y have the same number of neutrons but different number of protons
Answer: B
Explanation: ISOTOPE has the same atomic number but a different mass number. Isotopes have same chemical properties ( same number of electrons) but different physical properties(as they have different masses).
1. chain reaction the splitting of a nucleus into two smaller nuclei whose combined mass is less than that of the original nucleus 2. critical mass a self-sustaining reaction that creates an on-going series of reactions 3. fission the amount of fissionable material required to keep a reaction going 4. fusion the joining of two small nuclei to form one nucleus with a larger mass than the combined mass of the original nuclei
The question is the match the following question based on the chain reaction, fission , critical mass, fusion reaction.
1) chain reaction : a self-sustaining reaction that creates an on-going series of reactions .
2) the critical mass : the amount of fissionable material required to keep a reaction going.
3) The fission reaction : the splitting of a nucleus into two smaller nuclei whose combined mass is less than that of the original nucleus .
4) The fusion reaction : the joining of two small nuclei to form one nucleus with a larger mass than the combined mass of the original nuclei.
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consider the fictional case of the incredible shrinking man. if he shrinks proportionately to 1/10 his original height, his weight will be multiplied by question 11 options: 0.1 0.001 0.0001 0.01
Man weight will be multiplied by 0.001. S o option (b) is correct.
Density is defined as depending on the units of mass and volume used for the calculation, different units are used. The units for density would be kg/cm3 if the mass was measured in kg and the volume in cm3.
Density = Mass divided by volume.
Given a man shrinks proportionality to 1/10 of the original height
Now as it is the proportional overall area will also be decreased by (1/10)^2 = 1/ 100 times
Therefore overall decrease in volume = 1/10 x 1/100
= 1 / 1000 times(v/1000)
Mass/ volume = Q (density)
Here Q remains constant
Hence M initial = Q x V
M final = QV/1000
Initial weight = QV x g
= QVg
Final Weight = (QV/1000) x g
Final /Initial = QVg/1000QVg
= 1/1000
= 0.001
Therefore his weight will be multiplied by 0.001
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Nuclides below the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?
A) beta emission
B) neutron bombardment
C) neutron emission
D) positron emission
E) gamma emission
Nuclides below the valley of stability can become more stable through the processes : D) positron emission.
What is meant by positron emission?An imaging procedure that can assist in determining how your tissues and organs function metabolically or biochemically is known as a positron emission tomography (PET) scan. A radioactive substance (tracer) is used in the PET scan to display both regular and aberrant metabolic activity.
A proton inside a radionuclide nucleus is transformed into a neutron while generating a positron and an electron neutrino, which is known as beta plus decay, positron emission, or + decay. The weak force mediates positron emission.
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