Chemostat culture with protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila protozoa have a minimum doubling time of 6.5 hours when grown using bacteria as the limiting substrate. The yield of protozoal biomass is 0.33 g per g of bacteria and the substrate constant is 12 mg l1 . The protozoa are cultured at steady state in a chemostat using a feed stream containing 10 g l1 of nonviable bacteria. (a) What is the maximum dilution rate for operation of the chemostat

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer is - 3.3 g/L.

Explanation:

It is known that if endogenous metabolism is not important then,

µnet = µmax = 0.693/doubling time.

Given:

doubling time = 6.5 hr, therefore,

µmax = 0.693/6.5 = 0.1/h

Formula:

First, maximum dilution rate Dmax,

Dmax = µmax*[S0]/{Ks + [S0]}.........(1)

Steady-state cell concentration, X

X = Yx/s{[S0] - KsD/(meumax - D)..........(2)

Solution:

Yx/s = 0.33 g/g-substrate;

Ks = 12 x 10-3 g/L; [S0] = 10g/L,

puting value in (1)

Dmax = 0.1 * 10 / (12 x 10-3 + 10)

= 0.1/h.

Now it is given that operating D is 1/2 of Dmax, therefore,

D in our case will be = 0.05/h

concentration of protozoa cells from equation (2).

Therefore, X = 0.33*{10 - 12 x 10-3 * 0.05/(0.1 - 0.05)} = 3.3 g/L.


Related Questions

What comes to mind when you hear the term “9 + 2?

Answers

my mind is blank totally blank

What do animals do with the carbon dioxide produced in their cells during cellular respiration?a.store it for later useb.reuse it during photosynthesisc.exhale it in the breathing processd.combine it with water to make sugar

Answers

Answer:

below

Explanation:

I'm pretty sure the answer is "exhale it in the breathing process"

Hope this helps! :)

Sugar gliders and Northern flying squirrels are mammals that have many morphological similarities despite being genetically different.

a. True
b. False

Answers

this would be True, hope this helps :)

Which organelle makes and secretes mucus?​

Answers

Answer:

respiratory system

Explanation:

Which two things cause the orbits of planets to be nearly circular

Answers

Answer: Gravity and inertia

Explanation:

1. In exponential population growth, A. every generation has a larger population than the generation before. B. the population remains below its carrying capacity. C. births and deaths are equal, but disease is limited. D. limiting factors eliminate predators in the population.​

Answers

The answer is A) every generation has a larger population than the generation before.

Explanation:

In exponential growth, a population's per capita (per individual) growth rate stays the same regardless of population size, making the population grow faster and faster as it gets larger.

A team of students from UGA are completing and field study to determine the impact the American alligator has on ecosystems in places such as the Okefenokee Swamp in South Georgia over a 3-month period. In one area, they have removed the alligators and in another area they have left the alligators. Which of the following represents the independent and dependent variables being tested in the field study as well as a claim of the predicted outcome?

Answers

Answer:

Alligators is independent variable and the impact on ecosystem is dependent variable.

Explanation:

Alligators is independent variable and the impact on ecosystem is dependent variable. The environment having alligators is a balance ecosystem because alligators feeds on some organisms to control their population while on the other hand, the environment which have no alligator is not in equilibrium state because some organisms increase in population and become invasive species that cause damage to other organisms so environment having alligators is good as compared to no alligators.

The stages of mitosis were originally defined by cellular features observable through a light microscope.

a. True
b. False

Answers

Answer: TRUE

Explanation:

The cell division that takes place during the growth and development of an organism is in an as MITOSIS. Mitosis takes place in somatic cells that is, body cells that are not involved in the production of gametes. The difference stages of mitosis were originally defined by cellular features observable through a LIGHT MICROSCOPE. These stages includes:

--> PROPHASE: when viewed under a light microscope, each chromosome shortens and thickens and is seen to consist of two chromatids. The Centriole begin to separate.

--> METAPHASE: The nuclear membrane disappears, a spindle forms, the chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell and become attached to the spindle fibres at their centromeres.

--> ANAPHASE: The sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of cell as the spindle fibres contract.

--> TELOPHASE: A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatids, and the cell divides into two daughter cells.

How are the layers of Earth and the spheres of Earth related?

Answers

Answer: Everything in Earth's system can be placed into one of four major subsystems: land, water, living things, or air. These four subsystems are called "spheres." Specifically, they are the "lithosphere" (land), "hydrosphere" (water), "biosphere" (living things), and "atmosphere" (air).

The rays of light change direction as they enter or leave the lens because of what change in the wave as it enters a different medium?

a) amplitude
b) frequency
c) speed
d) energy

Answers

Answer: speed

Explanation: speed of light is dirrerent in different mediums. Also wavelength changes but frequency remains same

Which statement best explains the economic drawback of using geothermal energy over energy generated by fossil fuels?
More cost-effective over time
Higher installation costs than fossil fuel plants
More energy plant locations available
Less pollution than fossil fuel plants

Answers

Answer:

More cost-effective over time

Answer:

Could it be the higher installation costs than fossil fuel plants????

Explanation:

The teacher noticed that Carrie seemed quite restless today and was having difficulty concentrating on any task that she started. She continuously squirmed, whether in her chair or sitting on the floor. On a number of occasions, the teacher also observed Carrie tugging at her underwear and scratching her bottom. She recalled that Carrie’s mother had mentioned something about getting her younger brother tested for pinworms and wondered if this might be what she was observing.

Required:
If Carrie does have pinworms, for what length of time should the other children be observed for similar problems?

Answers

Answer: Other children should be observed after the average of 6 weeks from the time of exposure to Carrie who is suspected to be infected by Pin worm.

Explanation:

Pin worm also called enterobiasis vermicularis is a parasitic nematode. The eggs are found in the specimen collected from the perianal skin and in the faeces of an infected individual. In its worldwide distribution, children are more commonly infected than adults. This is so because autoinfection by swallowing infective eggs is common in children. The eggs cause intense irritation and scratching of the infected area leads to the fingers becoming contaminated with eggs. This was observed by Carrie's teacher, as she usually scratch her bottom.

Other children should be observed after the average of 6 weeks from the time of exposure to infective eggs. This is because of the direct life cycle exhibited by the worm. Following ingestion of infective eggs, the larvae hatch in the intestine. Occasionally larvae hatch from the eggs on the perianal skin and migrate back into the intestine where they grow into mature worms. This type of infection is called RETROINFECTION. The larvae develop into fully mature worms in the large intestine. The female worms migrate to the rectum, pass out of the anus and lay their eggs on the perianal skin and perineum. The eggs are produced about 6 weeks after infection. They can remain viable on bedding, clothing, household objects, and in dust for several weeks.

Therefore from the life cycle of the worm, similar problem found in Carrie can be observed in other children after about six weeks of exposure to the infective eggs of the worm.

Sea breeze happens during the day.

A. True

B. False

Answers

Answer:

True, in the summer its common

Explanation:

Answer:a true

Explanation:The statement is true.

The specific heat capacity of water is much higher than that of sand. Air above land becomes more warmer than water during day. So cold air above water or sea blows to land known as sea breeze and vice versa for land breeze.

Fill in the Venn diagram with the items below

Answers

Answer:

Prokaryotes : DNA in cytoplasm

Eukaryotes : DNA in nucleus

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes :

- contain cystol

- bound by membrane

- ribosomes

A water wave has a speed of 5 m/s. If it's wavelength is 50 m, what is its wave period? Show your work

Answers

Answer:

v=5,f=?,π=50 ,5÷50=0.1hz,T=10

the inclusive wealth index was created as a replacement for gdp for which reason, failure of GDP to account for literacy rate, unemployment rate, wealth, or resources within a nation

Answers

Answer:

failure of GDP to account of wealth.

Explanation:

the main reason for the creation of inclusive wealth index as a replacement for GDP because GDP can't tells us about the multi-dimensional nature of development. The inclusive wealth index measures the wealth of nations with the help of comprehensive analysis of production of a country. That is, it measures all of the assets including manufactured, human and natural capital of the country GDP is an indicator of a standard of living of a society while on the other hand, inclusive wealth index is an indicator of the wealth present in a country/

Why are bryophytes considered the primary source of water

Answers


Primitive bryophytes like mosses and liverworts are so small that they can rely on diffusion to move water in and out of the plant. ... Bryophytes also need a moist environment to reproduce. Their flagellated sperm must swim through water to reach the egg. So mosses and liverworts are restricted to moist habitats.

Which graph is an exponential growth model?
A.
B.
C.

Answers

C: from what I can see in the graph

Answer:

The answer is A,

Explanation:

Just took the test.

Which form of weathering most likely caused the reddish coloring of the
rocks in the photo?
A Abrasion
B. Oxidation
c. Exfoliation
D. Carbonation

Answers

Answer:

According to my sources the answer is B

Explanation:

olease check these answer before submitting it <3

Answer:

B: Oxidation causes the reddish coloring

5. What does EGS stand for in geothermal energy?
A) Engraved Geothermal System
B) Enhanced Geothermal System
C) Exhaust Gas System
D) Engineered Geophysical System​

Answers

(EGS) stands Enhanced Geothermal Systems which can greatly increase geothermal energy utilization. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

What is EGS?

Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), which are also referred to as engineered geothermal systems on occasion, present a significant opportunity for significantly broadening the application of geothermal energy.

In an EGS, fluid is injected into the subsurface under conditions that are carefully regulated. This causes previously closed cracks to reopen, which in turn creates permeability in the rock. The increased permeability of the rock makes it possible for fluid to move freely within the newly fractured rock and for heat to be transported to the surface, where it can be used to create electricity.

Learn more about geothermal energy, here:

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no links please on My question or I will report you

Answers

It should be 113!

(45x9/5) +32

Answer:

B, or 113 Fahrenheit

Explanation:

What kind of energy transformation is taking place in the plant in the
photograph?
O A. Potential energy → Nuclear energy
B. Solar energy - Chemical energy
C. Potential energy - Kinetic energy
D. Chemical energy → Solar energy

Answers

The Answer is B: Solar energy - Chemical energy.

Based on the terms provided, the energy transformation taking place in the plant in the photograph is: Solar energy → Chemical energy This is because plants undergo a process called photosynthesis, where they convert solar energy (sunlight) into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules. The correct option is B.

What is the energy transformation?

The transformation of energy from one form to another is known as an energy transformation. Every second of the day, energy is transformed somewhere. Energy can be expressed in a variety of ways, including electrically, thermally, nuclearly, mechanically, electromagnetically, sonically, and chemically.

The process of photosynthesis is taking place. The plant is converting solar energy (from the sun) into chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar). This is an example of a transformation from one form of energy (solar) to another (chemical).

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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Intercalated disks are found on the
muscle.
O a, striated
O b. nonstriated voluntary
O c. nonstriated involuntary
d. cardiac

Answers

please mark brainlist

d. cardiac

intercalated disk are found on the cardiac muscle sarcolemma muscle

Why do silent mutations not affect the protein that the gene encodes?

Answers

Answer: Silent mutations occur when the change of a single DNA nucleotide within a protein-coding portion of a gene does not affect the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene's protein. ... And when the amino acids of a protein stay the same, researchers believed, so do its structure and function.

:))))))))))) I would appreciate the help

Answers

Answer is D:) Just took the test

why do animals respond faster than plants?​

Answers

animals respond faster to the stimuli more faster as compared to the plants due to the presence of nerve cells.

[tex]\huge{\mathbb{\tt { QUESTION:}}}[/tex]

Why do animals respond faster than plants?

[tex]\huge{\mathbb{\tt { ANSWER:}}}[/tex]

When compared plants and animals, the animals responds to the stimuli more faster as compared to the plants due to the presence of nerve cells. ... Whereas when talk about plants there are no nerve cells in the plant body so they cannot respond to the outer stimuli so quickly.

#CarryOnLearning

#JustDoYourBest

X x K i m 0 2 x X

if bread is exposed to air at room temperature, fungi inevitably colonize it. what does this say about the presence of fungal spores in our environment?

Answers

Answer:

This supports the fact that fungal spores exists in the atmosphere or air

Explanation:

Fungi is a kingdom of living organisms that have distinguished characteristics from plants and animals. They propagate themselves using structures called SPORES. Some of these spores are able to withstand extreme or adverse unfavorable conditions and germinate when conditions are favorable. Most fungal spores are air-borne i.e are dispersed by air.

According to the information in this question, Fungal spores will colonize bread that is exposed to air at room temperature. This implies that fungal spores are present everywhere in the atmosphere looking for opportunities to germinate. The bread is a place conducive for fungal growth due to the presence of nutrients and a favorable temperature.

Why is the taiga (boreal forest) considered "the driest moist biome" ?


Because it rains as little as the temperate rain forest, but retains most of its water throughout the year because of the cool temperatures.


Because it rains more than a tropical rainforest, but retains most of its water throughout the year because of the cool temperatures.


Because it rains as little as a desert, but retains most of its water throughout the year because of the cool temperatures.


Because it rains less than a desert, but retains most of its water throughout the year because of the cool temperatures.

Answers

C

Explanation:

i think its C sweethart btw how u been?

Taiga is considered as the driest moist biome because, it rains as little as the temperate rain forest, but retains most of its water throughout the year because of the cool temperatures.

What is taiga forest?

In North America, Taiga is generally referred to as boreal forest or snow forest. This is world's largest biome, consist of cone bearing seed plants, mostly, of pines, spruces, and larches.

It covers most of inland Canada, Alaska, and parts of the northern contiguous United States in North America. In Eurasia, it covers most of Sweden, Finland, Russia from Karelia in the west to the Pacific Ocean, Norway and Estonia, some Scottish Highlands.

Throughout the year, taiga experience relatively low precipitation. Primarily it rains during summer, but can also be snow or fog. Due to low evaporation rate, it is sufficient for vegetation growth.

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how is carbon captured and stored by organisms? how is carbon passed through the ecosystem? how is carbon returned to the ecosystem?​

Answers

Explanation:

i dont.know im in that qt


Carbon enters all food webs, both terrestrial and aquatic, through autotrophs, or self-feeders. Almost all of these autotrophs are photosynthesizers, such as plants or algae. Autotrophs capture carbon dioxide from the air or bicarbonate ions from the water and use them to make organic compounds such as glucose.

HOPE THIS HELPS

Tom has compared three skin creams and found that only one causes a rash. Tom is in the
stage of the scientific method.
O experimenting
O hypothesizing
O predicting
O evaluating

Answers

Answer:

The answer should be, evaluating.

Explanation:

Hypothesizing and predicting goes before any experimentation, which crossed out the first answer since Tom has done the actual experiment.

Leaving evaluating as the only choice.

Hopefully this helped!
evaluating :) hopw this helps mate
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