The structure which surrounds and protects the cell is the cell membrane. It is made up of lipids and proteins.
Lipids, specifically phospholipids, make up the cell membrane. Lipids are essential in the formation of the cell membrane's structure. They have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, which repels water. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids point inward and the hydrophilic heads point outward toward the water-based environment both inside and outside the cell in a bilayer arrangement.
The cell membrane is made up of lipids and proteins in addition to these other substances. The lipid bilayer contains proteins that perform a variety of tasks like cell signaling, cell adhesion, and molecule transport in and out of the cell. In order to maintain its internal environment, the cell depends on these proteins to control the substances that enter and leave the cell.
Therefore, the most appropriate answer is proteins and lipids.
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Acid rain is caused by which of the following?
A. nitrogen compounds in the air
B. excess carbon dioxide
C. deforestation
E. nitrogen compounds in the soil
Answer:
A. nitrogen compounds in the air
Explanation:
3. The sun's energy, which supports life, is transmitted to Earth in the form of
Answer:
The correct answer is electromatic waves
Explanation:
A(n) __________ disease is one that is caused by a change in the DNA sequence of an individual. If the abnormality occurs within the gametes, the abnormality can be passed on from one generation to the next.
A genetic disorder disease is one that is caused by a change in the DNA sequence of an individual
What is a genetic disorder?A genetic disorder can simply be defined as a disease which is caused by a change in the DNA sequence of an individual or mutation in an individual's DNA sequence
In conclusion, a genetic disorder disease is one that is caused by a change in the DNA sequence of an individual
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What type of stress occurs when a rock mass is pushed in parallel and opposite directions?
Answer:
Shear stress
Explanation:
Shear stress is a type of stress that occurs when a rock mass is pushed in parallel and opposite directions.
Summary We can see evidence of divergent plate boundaries on some continents. Why was the discovery of divergent plate boundaries on the ocean floor important for the development of plate tectonic theory?
Divergent plate boundaries are formed due to the movement of the tectonic plates. It justifies the formation of the oceanic floors by the plate tectonic theory.
What is plate tectonic theory?Plate tectonic theory explains the formation of the landforms by the divergent, convergent, and transformation in the plate boundaries.
The divergent plate tectonic movement causes the formation of the basin ranges as the tectonic moves away from each other and supports the formation of the oceans.
Therefore, the plate tectonic theory supports ocean formation by the divergent plate boundaries.
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What conclusion can be drawn about the relationship of joseph lister’s and louis pasteur’s work?.
Lister’s work was only made possible by Louis Pasteur’s discoveries.
Louis Pasteur developed the pasteurization technique, which involves heating liquids and then letting them cool in order to kill bacteria, after learning that microbes were the cause of alcohol that had soured. His research on germ theory also inspired him and his team to develop the anthrax and rabies vaccines.Only Pasteur's discoveries made Lister's research possible. Infection was first thought to be caused by germs according to Pasteur. Lister developed the concepts of sterile surgery based on the "germ theory." Surgery was transformed into a sterile procedure thanks to Lister and Pasteur.learn more about Louis Pasteur here: https://brainly.com/question/11137072
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which brain structure responds to stimuli, conducts electrical impulses, and releases neurotransmitters
Answer:
Neurons
Explanation:
why is grafting preferred on late April and early may?
Answer:
Grafting is a technique used to join two pieces of plant material together so that they will grow as one plant. This is often done with fruit trees, where a desired variety of tree is grafted onto the rootstock of a more common variety of tree.
Grafting is typically done in late April or early May because this is when the bark of the trees is slipping, which makes it easier to join the two pieces of plant material together.
Explanation:
Most grafting is done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. The best time is after the chance of severe cold has passed but well before hot weather arrives. Scion wood may be collected during the winter. Store it in a cold, moist place at temperatures close to 34 degrees Fahrenheit.
Consider the debate about whether viruses are alive or not. Both Viewpoint #1 and Viewpoint #2 have points of evidence in common. Evidence includes ALL BUT _____.
but became hhfgbighhjgttty
The morphologic abnormality characteristically found in hemoglobinopathies is: Group of answer choices
The morphologic abnormality characteristically found in hemoglobinopathies is codocytes.
What is codocytes?
Red blood cells called codocytes, also called target cells, resemble a shooting target with a bullseye.
What codocytes do?The codocyte is a bell-shaped cell that is located in vivo (inside the blood vessel). It only adopts a "target" configuration when a blood film is desired.
How codocytes form?Artifact.Hemoglobinopathies.Artifact: Target cell development happens when blood smears are performed under humid conditions.
Hemoglobinopathies: Increased surface area to volume ratio and unequal hemoglobin dispersion within the cell.
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The fact that rats raised in cages with toys have more dendritic spines and more synapses per neuron than rats raised in cages without this stimulation is an example of
The fact that rats raised in cages with toys have more dendritic spines and more synapses per neuron than rats raised in cages without this stimulation is an example of: experience-dependent plasticity.
What is experience-dependent plasticity?The ability of the brain to change in response to experience, repeated stimuli, environmental signals, and learning is referred to as experience-dependent neuroplasticity.
The capacity of the brain to change at any time as a result of environment and experience, both throughout development and as an adult. Examples include: -Learning something in class that differs from what a student previously believed the subject to be about. Experience-Dependent Plasticity is the continuing process of the creation and organization of neuron connections that occurs as a result of a person's life experiences.
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An ovarian tumor in a 21-year-old woman is genotyped and a gain-of-function mutation is found on the X chromosome that was not present in cells taken from a biopsy of her uterus. She is concerned about her future potential children and asks a genetic counselor what the likelihood is that this mutation will be passed along to her children. What is the correct answer
Only tumor cells had the mutation, indicating that it was a somatic one. No children of hers will inherit this mutation because somatic mutations cannot be passed on to offspring.
Germ cells are the only cells that are transmitted from parents to children (Egg and sperm).Somatic cells are not inherited. Therefore, there is no way for a somatic cell mutation to be passed on to progeny. If the mutation is in an egg or sperm cell, the kids exactly inherit the mutation. Here, Only tumor cells had the mutation, indicating that it was a somatic one. Thus, No children of hers will inherit this mutation.For single-celled organisms that lack germ or somatic cells, for example, mutations are passed on when a new half of the organism divides to reproduce. Mutations can be conveyed via the plasmids in cells that use them to pass genetic information to other single cells, etc.learn more about somatic mutations here: https://brainly.com/question/14782028
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The mutation was only present in tumor cells, proving that it was a somatic mutation. She will not convey this mutation to any of her children because somatic mutations cannot be passed from parent to child.
What is somatic mutation?Any mutation that happens in a cell other than a gamete, germ cell, or gametocyte is referred to as a somatic mutation because it involves a change in the DNA sequence of a somatic cell of a multicellular organism with dedicated reproductive cells.
The only cells that are passed from parents to children are germ cells (egg and sperm).
It is impossible to inherit somatic cells. Therefore, a somatic cell mutation cannot be passed on to offspring.
When a mutation occurs in an egg or sperm cell, it is completely passed on to the offspring.
Here, the mutation was present only in tumor cells, proving that it was a somatic mutation. None of her offspring will therefore carry this trait.
For example, when a new half of a single-celled organism divides to reproduce, mutations are passed on because these organisms lack germ or somatic cells.
The plasmids that cells utilize to transmit genetic information to other single cells, etc., can also transmit mutations.
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Homologous chromosomes have genes that are located at the same location of the partner chromosomes. Group of answer choices True False
Answer:True
Explanation:
All of these choices are correct. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
Homologous chromosomes are pairs from each parent. They have the same genes at the same loci on each chromosome, yet they may have distinct alleles. Meiosis, which creates gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction, requires these homologous couples.
Crossover of homologous chromosomes during meiosis creates genetic variation in children. Homologous chromosomes guarantee that kids acquire genetic material from both parents, promoting genetic variety and evolution. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
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Your question is incomplete but your full question was:
Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is true?
They are matching chromosomes.
They have the same genes located at the same location.
One of each pair comes from each parent.
All of these choices are correct.
A skier glides down a hill from 100 m height. At what velocity will he pass the 100 m mark?
The velocity with which the skier passes the 100 m mark is 44.3 m/s
What is the velocity?Velocity is the rate of change of position with time. Now we know that;
v^2 = u^2 + 2gh
But u = 0 m/s because the skier dropped from a height hence we can write;
v = 2gh
Thus;
v^2 = 2 * 9.8 m/s^2 * 100 m
v = √1960 m/s
V = 44.3 m/s
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Review the data you collected in the Lab Report for Discussion concerning the distance traveled by individuals categorized by short or long legs. Which trait may have the greatest chance of being passed down to future generations of lizards—short legs or long legs? Using the discussion board, share your data and your conclusions with your classmates. Respond to your classmates’ conclusions.
The data about leg size in the parental generation is NOT found here, but it is expected that it is a quantitative trait.
What are quantitative traits?Quantitative traits are phenotypic features associated with the inheritance of many genes, the infection among them and the environment.
Leg size, height, and weight are quantitative traits because there are many genes involved in their expression patterns.
Both quantitative and qualitative (monogenic) traits are selected in the natural populations via natural selection.
In conclusion, it is expected that leg size is a quantitative trait.
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What is the mechanism(s) that bordetella pertussis uses to invade epithelial cells in the lungs?
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis is to stop the cilia of epithelial cells from beating.
Bordetella pertussis is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. It is the causative agent of highly communicable respiratory disease known as pertussis or whooping cough.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis:
This bacterium colonizes the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory airways of the host. A surface protein on the bacteria called filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin binds to sulfatides on the cilia of epithelial cells. When the bacterium is anchored, it releases tracheal cytotoxin, which prevents the cilia from beating.As a result, the cilia in an organism's lungs are unable to sweep out foreign material, and the body reacts by causing the host to cough. When people cough, bacteria are released into the air, where they might spread to other hosts. Another toxin called the pertussis toxin, often known as PTx, prevents adenylate cyclase from using ATP to convert to cyclic AMP. This results in over-conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which may interfere with cellular signaling systems. As a result, phagocytes are unable to respond to an infection effectively.Know more about Bordetella pertussis here:
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Earth’s mantle
Select one:
a.
consists of liquid rock.
b.
is hotter than the crust.
c.
is made of granite.
d.
All of these.
According to the research, Earth's mantle is hotter than the crust.
What is the Earth's mantle?It is the solid layer that lies between the central core of planet Earth and the earth's crust.
Advancing towards the core of the planet, the Earth's mantle is hotter than the crust and is subject to greater pressures, so its physical properties and chemical composition will also vary.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, Earth's mantle is hotter than the crust.
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Contained within the genetic material are the instructions for regulating and manufacturing the ____________ that control cellular function, but, it was not until the ____________ that scientists began to perform a series of experiments that ultimately determined the genetic material and the basic structure of the molecule.
Contained within the genetic material are the instructions for regulating and manufacturing the genes that control cellular function, but, it was not until the DNA that scientists began to perform a series of experiments that ultimately determined the genetic material and the basic structure of the molecule.
What is Genetic Material?A multicellular creature's somatic cells have similar genetic material, which regulates the composition of the organism. Since the genetic material can duplicate alongside the cell, new cells inherit the same genetic makeup as their parent cells.Chromosomes are where the genetic material is found, according to research on the structure and function of the genetic material. It wasn't known early on whether proteins or DNA carried the genetic information because chromosomes include both proteins and DNA. Because proteins lack the most crucial characteristic of genetic material, replication, Hershey and Chase's tests demonstrated that DNA, not proteins, was the genetic material.To learn more about Genetic Materials refer to:
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When it comes to genetic probabilities,
the outcome of one event has what kind
of effect on the next event?
A. It causes the same outcome to occur.
B. It has no effect on the next outcome.
C. It decreases the likelihood of the same outcome.
Answer: The answer is B is not A
Explanation:
Which of these characteristics apply to viruses? Select all that apply.
Viruses do not require nutrients.
Viruses can replicate outside of a cell.
Viruses are larger than bacteria.
Viruses are made of RNA or DNA.
Viruses have a protein coat.
The characteristics that apply to viruses are;
Viruses are made of RNA or DNA.Viruses have a protein coatWhat are viruses?Viruses are microscopic non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA (nucleic acid) surrounded by a protein coat (capsid).
A virus is considered as by non-living because it requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism.
Therefore, the characteristics that apply to viruses are;
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What type of connective tissue cells are similar to basophils in that they contain granules that release histamine to mediate the inflammatory response
Mast cells are similar to basophils in that they contain granules that release histamine to mediate the inflammatory response.
The basophil, another type of white blood cell, and the mast cell are remarkably similar in both look and function. Although tissue-resident basophils were long assumed to be mast cells, it has been established that the two cells do not share the same hematopoietic ancestry.Mast cells and basophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell found in blood, are highly similar. They are both granular cells that contain the anticoagulant heparin as well as histamine. The mast cell nucleus is spherical, whereas the basophil nucleus is lobated, indicating a difference between their nuclei.Histamine and other vasoactive chemicals are released by mast cells, resulting in urticaria (hives).learn more about Mast cells here: https://brainly.com/question/12765051
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Can you help me please
Word and definition
1] Prokaryote = Prokaryotic cell refers to the cell which is unicellular. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that consist of a single prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells are simple cells that do not have a true nucleus or other cell organelles.
2] Osteocyte= a cell that is characteristic of adult bone and is isolated in a lacuna of the bone substance
3] Macrophage = Macrophages are white blood cells that engulf and digest pathogens.
4] Microscope= An instrument that gives an enlarged image of an object
5] eukaryote = Eukaryote, any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus. The eukaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes (bodies containing the hereditary material) are located.
uman chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) A. is secreted from the corpus luteum B. is secreted from the myometrium in the uterus C. stimulates placental secretion of estrogen and progesterone D. is secreted from the placenta E. none of these
Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted from the placenta. The correct option is D.
What is HCG?HCG is known as Human Chorionic Gonadotropin.
It is a hormone secreted by the placenta during pregnancy.
The hormone specifically functions to thicken the wall of the uterus in order to be able to support the growing embryo.
It also signals to the body system to halt the process of menstruation.
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In a resting state, sodium (Na ) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K ) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.
In a resting state, sodium (Na ) is at a higher concentration outside the cell, and potassium (K ) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels increase inside the cell.
During an action potential, the potassium level inside the cell decreases, and the sodium level inside the cell increases. That is to say, there is an outflow of potassium and an inflow of sodium ions.
Action potential usually occurs when an electrical signal disrupts the balance of Na+ and K+ within a cell membrane, briefly depolarizing the concentrations of each.
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All of the following statements concerning autoclaving are true EXCEPT: a. Larger volumes require longer autoclaving times. b. Autoclaves are effective at destroying most bacterial endospores. c. All materials that need to be sterilized can be autoclaved. d. At 15 p.s.i., water boils at 121oC.
c. All materials that need to be sterilized can be autoclaved.
As a widespread rule of thumb, you can not autoclave materials that can be infected with solvents, radioactive materials, risky or corrosive chemicals, or items that contain mutagens, carcinogens, or teratogens.
The catheter is a soft instrument, manufactured from polymers instead of any steel substance. The high warmness and water pressure of the autoclave can cause the polymer to melt or get broken.
Chlorides, sulfates, chlorine, hypochlorites, bleach, and acids aggressively attack chrome steel and might reason great damage to the autoclave chamber and plumbing. Hypochlorites, acids and bleaches are so caustic that they ought to never be sterilized or used to easy an autoclave.
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Briefly explain the differences among messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA in terms of the roles they play in transcription and translation and where they are found in the cell
3 major types of RNA play a role during the journey from DNA to protein. Although the functions of each type of RNA are different, one type of RNA is called messenger RNA or simply mRNA.
mRNA is created when the DNA recipe is copied in the first step of the central dogma. The information found in mRNA can be interpreted by using two other forms of RNA in the second step of the central dogma. mRNA is translated into protein at a cellular structure known as the ribosome.
The second type of RNA helps form the structure of a ribosome, this type of RNA is called ribosomal RNA or rRNA. Remember that DNA, and RNA differ slightly at the nucleotide level.
Therefore , the process of transcribing DNA into RNA not only changes the information from a double-stranded into a single-stranded molecule but also changes all the thymine bases into uracil ones. Proteins are made of amino acids, so the formation of any protein requires the assembly of a chain of amino acids.
Transfer RNA or tRNA, molecules ferry amino acids to the ribosome for this assembly.
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Peter and rosemary grant began studying the galapagos finches in 1973. For about 40 years, they studied the finches on daphne major. Why was this an ideal place to study the evolution of the finches?.
Peter and rosemary discovered a natural ecosystem with an extreme climate, oscillating between cycles of intense drought and abundant rainfall, as well as an uncontaminated area that had never been explored by humans. This was an excellent location to study the evolution of Galapagos finches.
For their outstanding long-term studies showing evolution in action in Galápagos finches, Peter and Rosemary Grant are renowned.They have shown that natural selection is responsible for the incredibly quick changes in body and beak size in response to variations in the availability of food.Due to the lack of predators or rivals for the finches, Daphne Major makes an excellent location for research. (The cactus finch is the only other finch on the island.) The weather, and consequently the availability of food, has a significant impact on the medium ground finch's capacity to survive.learn more about Galápagos finches here: https://brainly.com/question/960688
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The results of gel electrophoresis are shown below with four different strand of dna labeled which strands of dna is the longest
Answer: 1
Explanation:
Number 1 strand of DNA is the longest. Therefore, the correct option is option A among all the given options.
What is gel electrophoresis?Any of the various methods for separating DNA, RNA, and protein molecules according to their size and electric charge is known as gel electrophoresis. There are several uses for gel electrophoresis, including DNA fingerprinting, the identification of genetic variations and proteins related to health and illness, as well as the identification and purification of proteins and nucleic acids for scientific purposes.
Pathogens that could be present in blood, other tissues, or sources like food can also be found using this technique. In many cases, DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry are used to conduct additional research on nucleic proteins or amino acids that have been identified and purified using gel electrophoresis. Number 1 strand of DNA is the longest.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was,
A scientist thinks that a certain chemical is a mutagen. She exposes plant cells to a large amount of this chemical in the laboratory.
A mutation is an alteration in the original DNA sequence. Option 3. The cells change after being exposed to the chemical, and this change is passed to the next generation of cells.
What is a mutation?A mutation is a stable and hereditably change in the genetic material.
Mutations alter DNI sequences and introduce new variants. Many of these variants are eliminated, but some of them might succeed and be incorporated in each individual, affecting the entire species.
They can be damaging or beneficial. These last mutations are the ones that have been selected by natural selection.
Different mutagenic agents cause changes in genetic information, increasing mutations over the normal level. They can change the bases sequences and bases pairing.
Mutations depend on each group's environment and its ecological pressures, and they accumulate in time. They are inherited to the followings generation and get to spread.
According to this framework, the correct option is 3. The cells change after being exposed to the chemical, and this change is passed to the next generation of cells.
If the analyzed chemical is a mutagen, then it will cause an alteration in the DNA sequence and this change -mutation- will pass to the following generations spreading in the population.
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A scientist thinks that a certain chemical is a mutagen. She exposes plant cells to a large amount of this chemical in
the laboratory
Which statement best provides evidence that the substance is a mutagen?
The cells die within hours of being exposed to the chemical.The cells grow more quickly than those that were not exposed to the chemical.The cells change after being exposed to the chemical, and this change is passed to the next generation of cells.The cells continue to divide at the same rate as before they were exposed to the chemical.A population is: individuals of the same species that have the potential to interbreed. a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same general location and have the potential to interbreed. a group of species that share the same habitat. a group of individuals of related species that live in the same general location and have the potential to interbreed. a group of individuals of the same species that are capable of breeding with other related species.
A population is a group of individuals of the same species that has the potential to interbreed.
A population is described as a collection of people who belong to the same species and cohabit a particular area.A population is a subgroup of individuals belonging to a single species that coexists sexually and occupies a specific geographic area. For certain species, it is simple to determine the geographic limits of a population; for other species, it might be more challenging. For instance, the geographic range of plants or animals living on islands is determined by the island's border. On the other hand, other species are spread over very large areas, making it more challenging to define the borders of small populations.learn more about population here: https://brainly.com/question/1437549
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