Cell Membranes
Write your procedure. List each step so that another student could follow the procedure and repeat your experiment.

69 gram PCl₅ will be produced from the given masses of both reactants that is 28.0 g of P₄ and 59.0 g of Cl₂.

The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.

Now we have to write the balanced equation

P₄ + 10Cl₂ → 4PCl₅

To calculate the number of moles used the formula

Number of moles = [tex]\frac{\text{Given Mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

Number of moles of P₄ = [tex]\frac{\text{Mass of}\ P_4}{\text{Molar mass of}\ P_4}[/tex]

                                       = [tex]\frac{28\ g}{124\ g/mol}[/tex]

                                       = 0.225 mol

Number of moles of Cl₂ = [tex]\frac{\text{Mass of}\ Cl_2}{\text{Molar mass of}\ Cl_2}[/tex]

                                        = [tex]\frac{51\ g}{71\ g/mol}[/tex]

                                        = 0.831 mol

From the balanced chemical equation we can say that the ratio of P₄ and Cl₂ is 1 : 10.

Ratio of P₄: 0.2260: 1  = 0.2260

Ratio of Cl₂:  0.8310: 10 =  0.08310

Because ratio of Cl₂ ratio smaller than P₄ becomes the limiting reactants

So mole of PCl₅ is based on mole of Cl₂

From the coefficient of reaction:

mol PCl₅: mol Cl₂ = 4: 10

Mole of PCl₅ = [tex]\frac{4}{10} \times 0.8310[/tex]

                     = 0.3324

Molar mass of PCl₅= 208.5

Mass of PCl₅ = mole × molar mass

Mass of PCl₅ = 0.3324 × 208.5

Mass of PCl₅ = 69 gram

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 69 gram PCl₅ will be produced from the given masses of both reactants that is 28.0 g of P₄ and 59.0 g of Cl₂.

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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.

Question: What mass of PCl₅ will be produced from the given masses of both reactants that is 28.0 g of P₄ and 59.0 g of Cl₂ ?

69.3 gram PCl₅ will be produced from the given masses of both the reactants.

Balanced chemical equation is

P₄ + 10Cl₂ → 4PCl₅

Four moles of PCl₅ are produced by combining one mole of P₄ with ten moles of chlorine.

Given mass of P₄ = 28gm

Molecular mass of P₄ = 123.89 g/mole

No. of moles(P₄) = Given mass / Molar mass

                            =28/123.89 =0.226 moles …. (1)

Given mass of Cl₂ = 59gm

Molecular mass of Cl₂ = 70.906 g/mole

No. of moles of Cl₂ = 59/70.906 = 0.832 mole.... (2)

From the chemical equation

Ratio of moles of P₄ and Cl₂ is 1 : 10

Also, from equation (1) & (2)

Ratio of moles of P₄ and Cl₂ is 0.226 : 0.832

If we make the ratio 1 : 1 then,

Ratio of moles of P₄ and Cl₂ becomes 0.226 : 0.0832

As the ratio of moles of Cl₂  is less than moles of P₄ , So Cl₂ becomes the limiting reactant.

Hence,  mole of PCl₅ can be estimated on the basis of moles of Cl₂

From the coefficient of reaction:

mole of  PCl₅ : mole of Cl₂ = 4: 10

10 moles of Cl₂ produce 4 moles of PCl₅

O.832 moles of Cl₂ produce 0.3328 moles of PCl₅

Molecular mass of PCl₅= 208.5 g/mole

Mass of PCl₅ = No. of moles × molar mass

Mass of PCl₅ = 0.3328 × 208.5

Mass of PCl₅ = 69.3 gram

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 69.3 gram PCl₅ will be produced from the given masses of both reactants that is 28.0 g of P₄ and 59.0 g of Cl₂.

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The compound that does not conform to the law of constant proportion law is is CO2 whose ratio by mass ought to be 8:3 and not 3:4.

The law of constant proportions portrays the ideas that the composition of a pure sample of a substances has a fixed composition by mass.

Following the law of constant proportion, the compound that does not conform to this law is is CO2 whose ratio by mass ought to be 8:3 and not 3:4.

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Answer:

your cool

Explanation:

Answer:

refer the above attachment

The half-life of a compound is 76 years for 42% of a given sample of the compound decomposes in 60 minutes.

The rate law for first order kinetics is

k = [tex]\frac{2.303}{t}log\frac{a}{a-x}[/tex]

Where

k - rate constant

t - time passed by the sample

a - initial amount of the reactant

a-x - amount left after the decay process

The expression for the half-life of the compound is

[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2} }=\frac{0.693}{k}[/tex]

Where k is the rate constant

It is given that

t = 60 minutes

a = 100 g

a-x = 100 g - 42 g = 58 g

(Since it is given that 42% of the given compound decomposes)

Then,

k = [tex]\frac{2.303}{60}log\frac{100}{58}[/tex]

  = 9.08 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] [tex]years^{-1}[/tex]

Then, the half-life of the compound is

[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2} }=\frac{0.693}{k}[/tex]

    = [tex]\frac{0.693}{9.08*10^{-3} }[/tex]

    = 76.3 years ≅ 76 years

Therefore, the half-life of the given compound is 76 years.

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The particles in solids are not free to move because of strong attractive forces while gases are in constant random motion.

Solids are composed of particles which are arranged in a definite pattern.

The forces of attraction between the particles are strong and the particles are not free to move.

Solids have definite volume and shapes.

Gases are composed of particles which are in constant random motion and whose forces of attraction between the particles are weak.

Therefore, the particles in solids are not free to move because of strong attractive forces while gases are in constant random motion.

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Answer:

Explanation:

There are many observations, but the three that stand out for me are:

The energy for the transition:

The energy for the transfer of an electron from the n=2 level to the n=5 level of a hydrogen atom is 4.57 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J

Calculation:

We are aware of the energy levels as n=2 and n=5. So, we may determine the wavelength of the photon released by the electron during this transition using Rydberg's equation:

1/λ = R x (1/[tex]n^{2}[/tex][tex]_{final}[/tex] - 1/[tex]n^{2} _{initial}[/tex])

where,

1/λ = the wavelength of the emitted photon,

R = Rydberg's constant, 1.0974 x [tex]10^{7} m^{-1}[/tex]

[tex]n_{final}[/tex] = the final energy level = 5

[tex]n_{initial}[/tex] = the initial energy level = 2

Now, put the value in the above equation, we get,

1/λ = 1.0974 x [tex]10^{7} m^{-1}[/tex] x ( 1/[tex]5^{2}[/tex] - 1/[tex]2^{2}[/tex] )

1/λ = 1.0974 x [tex]10^{7}[/tex][tex]m^{-1}[/tex] x (-0.21)

1/λ = -0.23 x [tex]10^{7}[/tex][tex]m^{-1}[/tex]

λ = 4.347 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex]m

Since, E = hc/λ

where,

h = Plank's constant = 6.626 x [tex]10^{-34}[/tex] Js

c = speed of light = 3 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s

So, the transition energy for your particular transition is,

E = 6.626 x [tex]10^{-34}[/tex] x 3 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] / (4.347 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex])

E = 4.57 x [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J

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The value of the heat of combustion (H) that is calculated here is a chemical property.

The heat of combustion is the energy that is given up when a substance is burnt in a calorimeter. The heat of combustion is often measured by the use of a calorimeter.

Hence, the value of the heat of combustion (H) that is calculated here is a chemical property.

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When an electron in an atom absorbed a photon, the energy of the electron changed by 2.94 × 10⁻¹⁹. The frequency of the photon is 4.4 × 10¹⁴ Hertz .

To calculate the frequency of photon use the expression

E = hv

where,

E = Energy

h = Planck's Constant

v = frequency (Hz)

Put the value in above formula we get

E = hv

2.94 × 10⁻¹⁹ = 6.6 × 10⁻³⁴ × v

v = [tex]\frac{2.94 \times 10^{-19}\ J}{6.6 \times 10^{-34}}[/tex]

  = 0.44 × 10¹⁵

  = 4.4 × 10¹⁴

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that When an electron in an atom absorbed a photon, the energy of the electron changed by 2.94 × 10⁻¹⁹. The frequency of the photon is 4.4 × 10¹⁴ Hertz .

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Answer:

1. 0.35 moles NaOH

2. [tex]5.10x10^{-4}[/tex] moles [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]

3. 505.4 g Pb

4. 1.46 g HCl (if that is wrong it's 1.5 g HCl due to sig figs)

5. [tex]3.01x10^{23}[/tex] atoms of Ag

6. [tex]2x10^{-10}[/tex] atoms of Cu

Explanation:

1. The mass of NaOH is 40g. 22.99(Na)+16(O)+1.01(H)=40 g

14 g NaOH *[tex]\frac{1 mol NaOH}{40 g NaOH}[/tex] = 0.35 moles of NaOH

2. Mass of [tex]H_{2} SO_{4} = 2(1.01)+32.06+4(16) = 98.08[/tex]

0.05 g [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] ×[tex]\frac{1 mol H_2SO_4}{98.08g H_2SO_4} = 5.10 x10^{-4}[/tex]

3. mass of Pb = 106.4 g

4.75 moles Pb×[tex]\frac{106.4 g Pb}{1 mol Pb} =505.4 g Pb[/tex]

4. mass of HCl = 1.01 +35.45 = 36.36 g

0.04 mol HCl x [tex]\frac{36.46 g HCl}{1 mol HCl} = 1.456 = 1.5[/tex]

5. 5.00 mol Ag x[tex]\frac{6.022x10^{23} atoms }{1mol Ag} = 3.01x10^{24} atoms[/tex]

6. [tex]3x10^{-10} moles[/tex] Cu x[tex]\frac{6.022x10^{23} atoms}{1 mol Cu} = 1.8668x10^{14}= 2x10^{14}[/tex] atoms of Cu

The new pressure, P₂ is 6000 atm.

Given,

P₁ = 1.5 atm

V₁ = 40 L = 40,000 mL

V₂ = 10 mL

To calculate,

P₂ =?

Boyle's law is applied here.

According to Boyle's law, at constant temperature, a gas's volume changes inversely with applied pressure.

                                        PV = constant

Therefore,

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Put the above values in the equation,

1.5 × 40,000 = P₂ × 10

P₂  = 1.5 × 4000

P₂  = 6000 atm

Therefore, the new pressure, P₂ is 6000 atm.

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Answer:

See below

Explanation:Plot the known concentrations and adsorbance data.  Draw a best fit line through thwe points.  When the absorbance of a solution of unknown concentration (but same substance) is determined, find the concentration from the line at that absorption value.  See attached graph.

E.g., an sample of the same substance had an absorbance of 0.35.  Find that on the x scale and then determine the concentration that would be required to produce that level of absorbance.  0.483M in this case.

It will take 0.012 year to reach the top of the pile of balls.

Given:

height of the pile = 1.10 x 10¹⁴km = 1.10 x 10¹⁷m

speed of light = 3.00 x 10⁸ m/s

Time = distance / speed

=  1.10 x 10¹⁴m /  3.00 x 10⁸ m/s

= 3.67 x 10⁸ s

= 0.012 year

Therefore, the time taken for the object to reach to top of pile is 0.012 year.

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Answer:

3 NH4OH (l) + H3PO4 (aq) → (NH4)3PO4 (aq) + 3 H2O (l)

Explanation:

This is an acid-base reaction (neutralization): NH4OH is a base, H3PO4 is an acid

Answer:

To balance the equation place a coefficient 3 in front of NH4OH in the reactants and another 3 in front of H2O.

3 NH4OH (l) + H3PO4 (aq) → (NH4)3PO4 (aq) + 3 H2O (l)

Explanation:

To balance equations you are only allowed to change coefficients and not subscripts. You need to make sure you have the same amount of each element on both sides of the equation, sketching a table may help.

Answer:

1.3×10−39ms−1

Explanation:

The energy of 800 milimoles of photons is 1.38 * 10^-19 J.

We know that an electron can move from a lower to higher energy level according to the formula;

1/λ = RH(1/ni^2 - 1/nf^2)

RH = 1.097 * 10^7m-1

ni = 3

nf = 6

Thus;

1/λ = 1.097 * 10^7(1/3^2 - 1/6^2)

1/λ = 1.097 * 10^7(1/9 - 1/36)

1/λ = 1.097 * 10^7(0.11 - 0.03)

λ =1.14 * 10^-6 m

v = λf

f = v/λ

f = 3 * 10^8 m/s/1.14 * 10^-6 m

f = 2.6 * 10^14 Hz

Now

E = hf

E= 6.63 * 10^-34 * 2.6 * 10^14 Hz

E = 1.72 * 10^-19 J

Now;

1 mole of photons has 1.72 * 10^-19 J of energy

800 * 10^-3 moles of photons has 800 * 10^-3 moles * 1.72 * 10^-19 J/ 1 mole

= 1.38 * 10^-19 J

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Answer:

because molten sodium gives electricity too choloride

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This means the molar mass of CH is

[tex]12.011+1.00794=13.01894 \text{ g/mol}[/tex]

Dividing the given molar mass by this,[tex]\frac{104.1}{13.01894} \approx 8[/tex]

This means the molecular formula is [tex]\boxed{\text{C}_{8}\text{H}_{8}}[/tex]

Explanation:

chemical energy electric energy light energy heat energy

When a person turns on a lightbulb by connecting its circuit to a battery, several energy transformations occur. There are  three types of energy transformations involved in the process.

1. Electrical to Light Energy:

When the circuit is completed by connecting the lightbulb to the battery, electrical energy from the battery flows through the circuit and enters the lightbulb. Inside the lightbulb, this electrical energy is transformed into light energy. The lightbulb contains a filament that heats up due to the flow of electricity, causing it to emit light. Therefore, electrical energy is transformed into light energy in this process.

2. Chemical to Electrical Energy:

The battery stores chemical energy, which is converted into electrical energy when the circuit is closed. Inside the battery, chemical reactions occur, generating a flow of electrons. These electrons create an electric current, which then travels through the circuit and powers the lightbulb. So, in this step, chemical energy from the battery is transformed into electrical energy.

3. Chemical to Heat Energy:

As electrical energy passes through the filament in the light bulb, some of it is converted into heat energy. The resistance of the filament causes it to heat up, and this heat energy is released into the surroundings. This is why a light bulb feels warm when it has been turned on for some time. Thus, in this step, electrical energy is transformed into heat energy.

Thus,electrical energy from the battery is transformed into light energy in the light bulb. Chemical energy in the battery is converted into electrical energy to power the lightbulb. Electrical energy passing through the light bulb's filament is transformed into heat energy.

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The mass of nickel is 36.5g metal.

Ni+2AgNO3 → Ni(NO3)2+2Ag

21.5g Ni / 58.69g = 0.366mol Ni

Ag = 107.87

N i= 58.69

But, 2molAg per 1 mol Ni, so, change in mass is more like...

Twice as many moles Ag as Ni, and then the mass relationship is 107.87g Ag / 58.69, but due to the 2Ag: 1Ni mol ratio, the change in mass is like:

107.87(2) / 58.69 = 3.68 times increase

So, the final mass of Ag is 3.68x, and the change in mass of Ni is x

36.5=(21.5-x)+(3.68x)

Solve for x

x=5.597

3.68x=g Ag

3.68(5.597)=20.59

21.5 - x = g Ni after reaction

21.5 - 5.597 = 15.903g Ni

20.59g Ag + 15.903g Ni = 36.5g metal

The mass of nickel is 36.5g metal.

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Answer:

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The amount of silver chromate that precipitates after addition of solutions is 12.44 g.

Number of moles:

The number of moles is the product of molarity of the solution and its volume. The formula is expressed as:

Moles = Molarity x Volume

Calculations:

Step 1:

The molecular formula of silver nitrate is AgNO3. The number of moles of silver nitrate is calculated as:

Moles of AgNO3 = 0.500 M x (150/1000) L

= 0.075 mol

Step 2:

The molecular formula potassium chromate is K2CrO4. The number of moles of potassium chromate is calculated as:

Moles of K2CrO4 = 0.400 M x (100/1000) L

= 0.04 mol

Step 3:

The balanced chemical reaction between AgNO3 and K2CrO4 is:

2AgNO3 + K2CrO4 -----> Ag2CrO4 + 2KNO3

The required number of moles of K2CrO4 = 0.075 mol/2 = 0.0375 mol

The given number of moles of K2CrO4 (0.04 mol) is more than the required number of moles (0.0375 mol). Therefore, AgNO3 is the limiting reagent.

Step 4:

According to the reaction, the molar ratio between AgNO3 and Ag2CrO4 is 2:1. Hence, the number of moles of Ag2CrO4 formed is 0.0375 mol.

The molar mass of Ag2CrO4 is 331.74 g/mol.

The mass of Ag2CrO4 is calculated as:

Mass = 0.0375 mol x 331.74 g/mol

= 12.44 g

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The mass of water produced is 5.58g.

The given reaction is a neutralization reaction. Since both acid and base are strong, so, they dissociate completely to form salt and water. Therefore the number of moles of acid, base, salt, and water are equivalent.

Step-1: Calculate the number of moles of [tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex].

Given the mass of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] is 30g.

Molar mass of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] is 98g/mole.

Using the formula,

Number of moles= Mass/Molarmass

=30/98

=0.31 mole

Step-2: Mass of water

The molar mass of [tex]H_2O[/tex] is 18g.

The number of moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] formed is 0.31 mole.

Using the formula,

Mass = Number of moles x Molar mass

Mass of [tex]H_2O[/tex] = 0.31 mole x 18g/ mole

=5.58g

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Precautions to observe when hosing rubber:

Before attaching the rubber hosing to the side-arm Erlenmeyer flask it should be "higher than one centimeter" to a universal stand to prevent tipping.

Erlenmeyer flask:

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For a typical person who leads a sedentary lifestyle, a typical maximum oxygen intake level would be B. 35 ml/kg/min.

A sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle type characterized by abundant sedentary behaviors. People who live a sedentary life often sit or lie down for most of the day in activities such as socializing, watching TV, playing video games, reading books, and using mobile phones and computers.

A sedentary lifestyle can lead to high blood pressure, low cholesterol, and elevated blood sugar levels, which damage the walls of blood vessels and increase the risk of a heart attack.

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The formula that connects Ka1, Ka2, and Ka3 is the relation;

Ka = Ka1 * Ka2 *  Ka3

The Ka is defined as the acid dissociation constant of a solution. Now we have the triprotic acid called phosphoric acid. this implies that we have Ka1, Ka2, and Ka3.

Thus the formula that connects Ka1, Ka2, and Ka3 is the relation;

Ka = Ka1 * Ka2 *  Ka3

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The question is incomplete. Please read below to find the missing content.

The temperature will be  A) 637 K  (approx )

T = PV/nR  , Ideal gas equation

Pressure (P) = 1024 (torr) * 1 atm / 760(torr)

P = 1.35 atm

Volume = 11200ml * (1l/100ml)

             =11.2L

n = moles of nitogen = 0.300  mol

R = 0.0821 ( L- atm / mol.k)

Now put the values

 T = 1.35 ( atm) * 11.2 (L) / 0.300 (mol) * 0.0821 ( L- atm / mol* k)

 T = 15.12 / 0.0246 (1 / K)

    = 615 K

Temprature will be 637 k ( approx)

Thermal energy refers back to the electricity contained within a gadget that is responsible for its temperature. warmness is the flow of thermal energy. A whole department of physics, thermodynamics, deals with how warmth is transferred among exceptional systems and how work is completed within the system (see the 1ˢᵗ regulation of thermodynamics).

One Celsius degree is an interval of 1 k, and 0 tiers Celsius is 273.15 k. An interval of 1 Celsius diploma corresponds to a c language of 1.8 Fahrenheit ranges at the Fahrenheit temperature scale.

Temperature is operationally described as the amount measured by way of a thermometer. It is proportional to the common kinetic energy of atoms and molecules in a system. Thermal equilibrium happens when our bodies are in touch with every other and might freely exchange strength.

A balloon can be used to explain the ideal gas laws. This system has 0.300 mol of nitrogen gas at 1064 torr pressure and takes up 11200 mL volume. What is the temperature of the system

A) 637 K

B) 490 K

C) 157 K

D) 780 K

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The term that describes what she is measuring is called partial pressure.

From the Dalton's law of partial pressure, the total pressure of a gas is regarded as the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture.

As such, each of the gases; carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen all possess partial pressures thus the term that describes what she is measuring is called partial pressure.

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The main difference between the waters of Kerala and Himachal Pradesh is the presence of water lakes, and ponds in Kerala and the Himalayan Ranges and Rivers in Himachal Pradesh

The main difference between the soil of Kerala and Himachal Pradesh is that there is the presence of mountain soils in Himachal Pradesh, while Kerala has coastal allu-vium, mixed allu-vium, and acid saline, Kari, laterite, red, hill, black cotton, and forest soils.

This refers to the side-by-side view of two or more entities in order to find their differences and similarities.

Hence, we can see that Kerala and Himachal Pradesh are both in India and they are in different regions, which accounts for their differences in water and soil as listed above.

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