Can you please help me with 1-13

When lithium chloride, LiCl, dissolves in water, it forms lithium ions, [tex]Li^{+}[/tex], in aqueous solution with water, [tex]H_{2}O[/tex].

Water has a higher solubility for lithium chloride than non-polar solvents. The LiCl crystal is destroyed as a result of the interactions between the ions and the polar water molecules, and the hydrogen bonding structure of the H2O molecules in the liquid water is also disrupted, allowing the ions to be incorporated among the water molecules.

The ions in the crystal lattice would not be attracted to non-polar molecules very strongly. LiCl would continue to be in the crystal structure while the non-polar molecules would continue to be attracted to one another by the weak London force.

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The 107 moles of electrons are needed to produce 53.5 mol of solid zinc.

The electron is a subatomic particle that contains a negative elementary charge. The electron's mass is approximate 1/1836th that of the proton and has an intrinsic angular momentum of a half-integer value. No two electrons can have the same quantum state.

An electron is bounded to the nucleus of an atom by the attractive Coulomb force. If the number of electrons differs from the nucleus's electrical charge is known as an ion. Each orbital has a unique set of quantum numbers that exist around the nucleus of an atom.

Solid zinc can be formed by chemical reactions:

Zn²⁺  +  2e⁻   →  Zn (s)

One mole of zinc is produced when two moles of electrons are accepted by one mole of zinc ions

One mole of solid zinc is produced from electrons = 2 moles

The 53.5 mol of zinc will be produced from electrons = 2 × 53.5 = 107 mol

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The energy released as heat when a typical table sugar cube of mass 1.5 g is burned in air is 24.78 KJ energy.

Energy is defined as the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or physical system and is visible in the performance of work as well as in the form of heat and light.

A. Table sugar is sucrose.

According to the data, its molecular formula is C12H22O11 and its molecular weight is 342 g when 1 mole of sucrose gives 5650 KJ/mole energy on combustion. 1.5 g equals 0.00438 moles of energy is 24.78 KJ.

B. According to Newton's laws, 25% of the above released energy is used for work, which equals 6.19 KJ.

6.19 KJ = 6190 joules

U= mgh

U= ENERGY = WORK

m = mass of the object here mass of a normal adult

g = gravity =9.8 m/s2

h = height in meters

The height that can be climbed based on the above data is = 12.63m.

C. When 1 mole of glucose gives 2805 KJ/mole energy on combustion, its molecular formula  is C6H12O6

Molecular weight is 180 g.

2.5 g equates to 0.0138 moles producing 38.95 kJ of energy.

D. 25% of the previously released energy is used for work, which means

According to Newton's laws, 9.73kJ is used.

9.73 KJ = 9730 joules

U= mgh

U= ENERGY = WORK

m = mass of the object here mass of a normal adult

g = gravity =9.8 m/s2

h = height in meters

Height = 19.85m based on the above data

Thus, the energy released as heat when a typical table sugar cube of mass 1.5 g is burned in air is 24.78 KJ energy.

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The pH of the solution can be obtained as 13.13.

The pH is the negative logarithm of thee concentration of the hydrogen ions that is present in the solution.

The Number of moles of sodium hydroxide = 20.7/1000 L * 0.10 M

= 2.07 * 10^-3 moles

Number of moles of acetic acid = 60.5/1000 * 0.21 M

= 1.27 * 10^-2 moles

Since the reaction is 1:1. the sodium hydroxide is in excess.

Number of moles of excess hydroxide = 1.27 * 10^-2 moles - 2.07 * 10^-3 moles = 0.011 moles

Total volume = 20.7 mL + 60.5 mL = 81.2 mL or 0.0812 L

Concentration of excess hydroxide ions = 0.011 moles/0.0812 L

= 0.135 M

pOH = -log(0.135 M)

= 0.87

pH = 14 - 0.87

= 13.13

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Solution A and B are BASIC

Using the formula below to determine the concentration of the hydroxonium ion;

Determine the pH

This shows that the solution A is BASIC since the pH is greater than 7

For solution B

Determine the pH

This shows that the solution B is BASIC since the pH is greater than 7

For the solution C

Determine the pH of the solution C

Since the pH of the soution C is less than 7, hence the solution C is ACIDIC

The pH of a solution that is 0.49 M in sodium borate and 0.39 M in boric acid is 9.359.

Generally, Sodium borate and boric acid mixture in a buffer solution follows the below way:

Salt = Sodium borate =0.37

[tex][tex]\phi k_a[/tex]=5.4 *10^{-10}$[tex]-\log k_a\\=-\log 5.4 *10^{-10}$[/tex]p k a=9.26[tex]&\quad \\P H = P K \\a+\log \left|\frac{\text { Salt }}{\text { acid }}\right| \\[/tex]\\because [tex]P H=9.26+\log \left|\frac{0.49}{0.39}\right| \\\\=9.359[/tex]

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Competitive inhibitors - Binds to the enzyme in place of substrate by competing against the substrate

Non-competitive inhibitors - Binds to other position than the active site and blocks the activation of the enzyme without competing against the substrate

The mutations could change the shape of the binding site of non-competitive inhibitor thus preventing the binding.

Enzymes are proteins that could be activated if a substrate attaches itself to the receptor of the enzyme like a lock and key. The shape of the substrate should fit the receptor in the enzyme to activate it.  

Inhibitors are structures similar to the substrate. It prevents the activation of the enzyme.

Competitive inhibitors are structures that binds to the enzyme in place of substrate i.e., it competes with the substrate to attach itself to the enzyme.

Non-competitive inhibitors are structures that does not compete with the substrate. In an enzyme, there may be more than one binding site. The non-competitive inhibitor would attach to other position and blocks the activation of the enzyme.

Mutations can change the structure of the molecule and thus the function. The mutations could change the shape of the binding site of non-competitive inhibitor thus preventing the binding. This would result in resistance of the enzyme with non-competitive inhibitor.  

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The pressure (in mmHg) of O₂, given that CO₂ has a pressure of 560 torr is 222.8 mmHg

We'll begin by converting 1.03 atm to torr. This can be obtained as follow:

1 atm = 760 torr

Therefore,

1.03 atm = (1.03 atm × 760 torr) / 1 atm

1.03 atm = 782.8 torr

Next, we shall determine the pressure of O₂. This can e obtained as follow:

Total pressure = pressure of CO₂ + pressure of O₂

782.8 = 560 + pressure of O₂

Collect like terms

Pressure of O₂ = 782.8 - 560

Pressure of O₂ = 222.8 torr

Finally, we shall convert 222.8 torr to mmHg. This is illustrated below

Recall

760 torr = 760 mmHg

Therefore,

222.8 torr = 222.8 mmHg

Thus, we can conclude that the pressure of O₂ is 222.8 mmHg

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Anything around us that can be physically seen and touched are matter. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas. To solve this question we need to know the all properties of liquid so option D is correct option.

Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. Matter that is given is liquid which has property that it occupies the volume of container in which it is kept.

There is a law called conservation of mass, mass can never be destroyed. To change and color of liquid  we need to heat up the liquid and that we are not doing over here.

Thus option D is correct option.

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The mass of CO₂ that would be required to react with 84.6g of LiOH in the following reaction would be 77.5g

According to the given reaction,

CO₂(g) + 2LiOH(g) --- Li₂CO₃ + H₂O(g)

? (84.6g)

As we know,

(mole of CO₂/coefficient) = (mole of LiOH/coefficient)

mole of CO₂/1 = (84.6/Molecular weight÷2)

(mass of CO₂/molecular weight of CO₂) = (84.6/molecular weight of LiOH÷2)

mass of CO₂/44 = 84.6/48

mass of CO₂ = 77.5g

Therefore, mass of CO₂ = 77.5g

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The most powerful laser in the world fires a pulse at 25 fempto seconds producing 30 terawatts of power in physical sciences, power (watt) =Energy (J or kg•m²×s⁻²)/time (s)if the average laser fires 7.5 x 10²⁰ photons in a pulse, then wavelength of the light fired in the world’s most powerful laser is 37×10⁻¹⁰ nm

A laser is the device that emit a beam of coherent light through an optical amplification process

Here given data is

Energy = time × power

Energy = 25 ×  30

Energy = 750 J

Photons = 7.5 x 10²⁰

We have to calculate wavelength = ?

Then the formula is E =hcλ where E = energy, h = plank constant, c= speed, λ = wavelength

λ = hcE

λ = 6.62×10⁺³⁴×7.5 x 10²⁰ ×750 J

λ = 37×10⁻¹⁰ nm

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The IUPAC name of the compound given in the question is 2,2,3-trimethylpentane

The naming of organic compounds has been made easier, owning to the the rules of the international union of pure and applied chemistry (IUPAC).

The IUPAC naming of organic compounds can be obtained by following these steps:

With the above information in mind, we can name the compound as follow:

Thus, the IUPAC name of the compound is:

2,2,3-trimethylpentane

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Boiling point of Alcl3 would be highest .

As, i of Na2S= 3

2) i of NaNO3= 2

3) i of Alcl3= 4

4) i of Sucrose= 1 (As it doesn't show any kind of dissociation)

5) i of Mg(clo4)2= 3

Although we're assuming water as the solvent, boiling point elevation also depends on the solute concentration and the number of particles the solute breaks down into. The total number of particles in solution affects aggregative qualities like boiling point elevation. Here, water is the solvent. As a result, the boiling point of all solutions will be elevated above the boiling point of water.

Boiling point  van't hoff factor.

The Van't Hoff factor is the ratio of a substance's mass concentration to the concentration of the particles it dissolves into. How much a substance associates or dissociates in a solution is determined by the Van't Hoff factor.

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Answer:

NO2 has sp2 hybridization in the traditional sense.

Explanation:

Single electron orbitals are often pure, unhybridized p-orbitals, such those seen in the methyl free radical.

However, when the central atom is joined to strongly electronegative atoms or groups, the single electron orbital is said to be hybridized. It happens as a result of the core atom's decreasing electron density, which draws in odd electron orbital density and reduces the size of the odd electron orbital. As a result, the odd-electron orbital takes on some "s" character and becomes hybridized.

ClO2, ClO3, and CF3 are sp3 hybridized for the same reason.

EXPLANATION:

Firstly, we need to define a solution

The solution is defined as a homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously.

Coke is an aqueous homogenous mixture of carbon dioxide, sugar, concentrate, etc The ingredient used in the production of coke are mixed in the right proportion and this make coke a homogenous solution

Temperature can affect the character of a coke. Carbonated soft drink tends to lose their fizz at high temperature. This is because as the temperature increases, the loss of carbon dioxide in the liquid will also increase.

Also, at high temperatures, the solubility of gases decreasese.

To see the total number of atoms of an element we need to multiply stoichiometry of that element to the number that is written on the foot of that element. Thus the balanced equation is

NaNO₂(aq)+AgNO₃(s)→NaNO₃(aq)+AgNO₂(s)

Balanced equation is the one in which the total number of atoms of a species on reactant side is equal to the total number of atoms on product side

The unbalanced equation is

NaNO₂(aq)+AgNO₃(s)→NaNO₃(aq)+AgNO₂(s)

Sodium atoms on reactant and product side is 1

Silver atoms on reactant and product side is 1

Nitrogen atoms on reactant side and product side is 2

Oxygen atom on reactant side and product side is 5

Thus the balanced reaction is

NaNO₂(aq)+AgNO₃(s)→NaNO₃(aq)+AgNO₂(s)

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Answer:

State Function: A system will be said to have a state function when its properties are independent of the path followed to carry out the state and it is fixated on a particular state.

Examples of state function are Pressure, Temperature, Mass, Volume & all the thermodynamics quantity (H, G, A, U, S).

A quantity which depends on the path followed is known as a path function. In thermodynamics, there are only two path functions: work and heat.

Exact differential: The differential of a state function for an infinitesimally small change in its property is called an exact differential.

Mathematically say phi is a function of x and y,

[tex] \phi \: = f(x, y)[/tex]

The overall change in phi i.e. dΦ will be,

[tex]d \phi \: = ( \frac{∂ \phi}{∂x})_ydx + ( \frac{∂ \phi}{∂y})_xdy[/tex]

let,

[tex]( \frac{ ∂\phi}{∂x})_y = m,( \frac{∂ \phi}{∂y})_x = n[/tex]

if Φ is a state function of x and y then,

[tex]( \frac{ ∂m}{∂y})_x =( \frac{ ∂n}{∂x})_y[/tex]

Cross reciprocality theorem.

substituting the value of m & n,

[tex][\frac{ ∂}{∂y}( \frac{ ∂\phi}{∂x})_y]_x =[ \frac{ ∂}{∂x}( \frac{ ∂\phi}{∂y})_x]_y[/tex]

Simplifying,

[tex] \frac{ {∂}^{2} \phi }{∂y \cdot ∂x} = \frac{ {∂}^{2} \phi }{∂x \cdot ∂y}[/tex]

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The pH of a 0.49 M solution of hydrocyanic acid is 0.31.

pH is a figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid and higher values more alkaline.

The pH of a solution can be calculated using the following equation or expression:

pH = - log {H⁺}

According to this question, a 0.49 M solution of hydrocyanic acid. The pH can be calculated as follows:

pH = - log {0.49}

pH = 0.31

Therefore, 0.31 is the pH of the solution.

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There are 2.08 x 10¹⁸ photons/sec.

Wave energy:

E = nhc/λ

3000 = (n x 6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ x 3 x 10⁸)/(510 x 10⁻⁹)

n = 7.69 x 10²¹ photons/sec/m²

2.70 cm² = 2.70 /10,000 m²

= 2.7 x 10⁻⁴

photons/sec = 7.69 x 10²¹ x 2.7 x 10⁻⁴

= 2.08 x 10¹⁸ photons/sec.

Hitting a square meter solar panel at right angles requires about 30,000 photons per second producing 1 watt of energy at 100% efficiency. The numbers obtained without assuming constant spectral power distribution and photon energy will be dealt with in a later post, but for now, we assume that a daylight standard D bulb at 5300 K will work around 11,000 Suffice it to say. Chemical reactions in the body not only release energy and produce heat, but they also release small amounts of photons, the elementary particles of light.

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Using the Linus Pauling electronic configuration rules, we can see that the total number of possible electrons in the orbital 3d is:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10, therefore the maximum amount if 10 electrons according to the rules of electronic configuration

Prior to and following the summer solstice, the sun angle is high and there are the most daylight minutes. The amount of daylight gets less as the sun starts to descend in the sky.

The North Pole is tilted farther toward the sun on the June solstice than any other day of the year. As a result, the Northern Hemisphere will have its longest day and shortest night on June 21.

According to the Gregorian calendar, the June solstice is the solstice on Earth and takes place every year between June 20 and June 22. The June solstice is the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere. The northern solstice is another name for it.

Midsummer, also known as the summer solstice, is the time of year when a planet's rotational axis, or geographic pole, in either its northern or southern hemisphere, is most inclined toward the star it orbits. The Earth's maximum axial tilt toward the Sun is 23.44° on the summer solstice.

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The relation between %TDS coffee and refractive index is given by the formula:

np = 0.00175 (% TDS Coffee) + 1.3342

In the given case

np = 1.3384

So, substituting the value of np in the equation above, we get:

1.3384 = 0.00174 (%TDS Coffee) + 1.3342

⇒ 1.3384 - 1.3342 = 0.00174 (%TDS Coffee)

⇒ 0.0042 = 0.00174 (%TDS Coffee)

⇒ (%TDS Coffee) = 0.0042/0.00174

⇒ %TDS Coffee = 2.4137

Hence the value of %TDS Coffee is 2.4137

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The question requires us to specify the product obtained when the Photosystem II splits water.

First, we need to remember that splitting water means "breaking" water into its components.

In that sense, water splitting is the chemical reaction where water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen:

With that concept in mind, we can say that the photosystem II will produce oxygen (option A).

Another important thing to remember about this system is that it captures photons (the energy from the light) and uses this energy to extract electrons from water.

Answer:

Below

Explanation:

Br and I: Similar chemical properties

Cl and Se: Nonmetals

Dy and Es: Inner transition metals

Ca-39 and Ca-38: Isotopes

Bronze and pewter: Alloys

Al2+ and S2-: Ions

Answer:

Na2SO4

Explanation:

Na+ has +1 charge

(SO4)-2 has -2 charge

so it takes 2 Na+ to balance 1 (SO4)-2

therefore Na2SO4

The question requires us to calculate the volume of a gas when its pressure is kept constant and its temperature is raised from 200 to 600 K.

The following information was provided by the question:

Initial volume of gas = V(1) = 6.00 L

Initial temperature of gas = T(1) = 200 K

Final temperature of gas = T(2) = 600 K

According to Charle's Law, the volume of a given confined gas under constant pressure increases as the temperature increases and decreases as the temperature decreases. In other words, the Charle's Law states that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature on the kelvin scale when the pressure is held constant

Mathematically, we can write this as:

where V(1) and T(1) refers to the volume and temperature of the gas at the initial state, and V(2) and T(2) refers to volume and temperature at the final state.

We can rearrange the equation above in order to calculate the final volume of a gas:

Now, we can apply the values given by the question to this equation and calculate the final volume of the gas:

Therefore, the final volume of the gas when the temperature is increased under constant pressure is 18.0 L and the best option to answer this question is letter D.

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the number of regular strength pills of ibuprofen

To get this,we firstly need to get the number of moles

We can get this by dividing this value by the number of molecules in 1 mole which is:

Mathematically, we have this as:

From earlier calcuations, 1 pill of regular strength ibuprofen contains 0.000963 moles

The number of pills that will contain overall 0.00291 moles will be:

The percent abundance of the second isotope of lithium that has a mass of 7.016004 and abundance of 92.41% is 6.465.

Isotopes are any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei.

Thus, isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.

The relative abundance of the isotope of an element is the percentage of atoms with a specific atomic mass found in a naturally occurring sample of an element.

According to this question, an isotope of lithium has a relative abundance of 92.41%. This means that the percentage abundance is calculated as follows:

92.41% × 7.016004 = 6.465amu

Therefore, 6.465 is the percentage abundance of the lithium isotope.

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Answer:

I believe the answers are "granulosa cells" and "zona pellucida"

In sexual reproduction in humans, the sperm  penetrate the oocyte using acrosomal enzymes. It must penetrate both the granulosa cells and zona pellucida.

Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction where the offsprings are produced by the combination of genetic material of two individuals which are of different sexes.

It is the dominant form of reproduction in living beings. Here, the genetic information is stored in chromosomes which are present in the nucleus of reproductive cells which are called gametes.Gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote.Zygote then develops into a new living being.

Because of sexual reproduction variations in living beings are possible because of reshuffling of genetic material. Here, haploid gametes form diploid zygotes except in case of bacteria.

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The formula should be MNO₃ because the valency of the metal and the nitrate ion both is 1 and thus the formula will be MN0₃.

Cold water causes a strong reaction between all alkali metals. Each time a reaction occurs, hydrogen gas is released along with the metal hydroxide. As you move down the group, the reaction gets faster and more violent. This demonstrates that as you move below Group 1, the alkali metals' reactivity rises.

Chlorides are created when any of the group 1 metals interact with chlorine. At room temperature, the chlorides are all white solids that dissolve to create a neutral solution. As you move down the group, the reactions get more forceful.

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