According to the given statement Partial pressure CO: 2.56 atm, Mole fraction ClF₅: 0.0383 and Partial pressure ClF₅: 0.11 atm.
What is the purpose of monoxide?Hydrogen, electrocatalysts, pure metals, anhydrides, formic, methyl formate, N,N-dimethylformamide, benzoic acid, and as a reduction agent in coke ovens are all produced using carbon monoxide.
Briefing:
We should apply the Ideal Gases Law to solve this:
P . V = n . R . T
We need n, which is the total moles for the mixture
Total moles = Moles of CO + Moles of ClF₅
Moles of CO = mass of CO / molar mass CO → 8.9 g/28 g/mol = 0.317 mol
Moles of ClF₅ = mass of ClF₅ / molar mass ClF₅ → 3.63g/ 130.45 g/m = 0.0278 mol
0.317 mol + 0.0278 mol → 0.398 moles in the mixture
So we have the total moles so with the formula we would know the total pressure.
P . 6L = 0.724 mol . 0.082L.atm/mol.K . 292.2K
P = ( 0.724 mol . 0.082L.atm/mol.K . 292.2K) / 6L
P = 2.89 atm
Mole fraction is defined as the quotient between the moles of gas over total moles, and it is equal to partial pressure of that gas over total pressure
Partial pressure for gas X/Total pressures = Moles of gases X/Total mole
(Moles of gas X / Total moles) . Total pressure = Partial pressure of gas X
Mole fraction CO = 0.317 / 0.724 = 0.437
Partial pressure CO = 0.88 . 2.89 atm → 2.56 atm
Mole fraction ClF₅ = 0.0278 / 0.724 = 0.0383
Partial pressure ClF₅ = 0.0383 . 2.89 atm → 0.110 atm
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calculate the amount of heat needed to boil 197. of hexane (CH14), beginning from a temperature of 48.1 °C. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the correct number of significant digits. x10 Ar
We will be using the q = m*c*(delta T) equation, which is also known as Specific Heat formula. So our answer will be 21,410 Joules or you can say 21.41 kJ kilojoules (amount of heat required by hexane).
How to solve?q = m*c*(delta T)
We have to convert this temperature, which is given to us in Celsius, into Kelvins by adding 273.15.
Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15
Kelvin = 48.1 C + 273.15
(K = 321.25 K).
now, delta T is the change in temp. (final temperature minus the initial temperature). so, delta T will be 321.15k-274.15 K.
combine the values and solve,
q = (0.197 kg)*(2.26J/kg*K)*(321.25 K-274.15 K)
q= 21.41kJ.
Who discovered specific heat?Specific heat formula given by, Joseph Black. The Scottish scientist Joseph Black, noticed that equal masses of different substances needed different amounts of heat to raise them through the same temperature interval, and, from this observation, he founded the concept of specific heat.
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The S−S S − S bond distances in S8 S 8 are 204 pm p m and the F−F F − F bond distance in F2 F 2 is 143 pm p m . Use these values to estimate the S−F S − F bond distance in S2F2 S 2 F 2 .
Simply adding the covalent radii of S and F results in a distance between them of 60 pm.
What is covalent radii?Covalent radii is defined as 1/2 the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element that are covalently bound to one another in a molecule. The covalent radius is less than the van der Waals radius due to the overlap between the two electron clouds.
The distance between the centers of two covalently bound atoms is known as the bond length. The covalent radius of S is given by the S-S distance to be double what it is for F.
The S-F distance should therefore, to some extent, be equal to the sum of the covalent radii of S and F, which is 60 pm.
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Could someone help me with getting started on this ?? Like the first 3
Answer:
Answers:
Explanation:
1. Sulfur oxide
2. Calcium cyanamide
3. aluminum sulfide (I think on that one)
Good luck
select the keyword or phrase that will best complete each sentence a radical is a reactive intermediate
A radical is a reactive intermediate with a single unpaired electron, formed by homolysis of a covalent bond.
How do covalent bonds work?When two or more atoms interchange one or more pair of electrons, a covalent connection is created. These electrons are simultaneously being drawn to the two nuclei. A covalent bond is created when the difference between electronegativity values of the two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to occur and produce ions.
What other names do covalent bonds go by?Two atoms share an electron pair in a covalent link, a type of chemical bond. The covalent link is also known as a molecular bond. Covalent bonding is the force of attraction or repulsion between two atoms when they share a pair of electrons or a bonding pair.
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The complete question is -
Select the keyword or phrase that will best complete each sentence.
Key word - paired, unpaired
A radical is a reactive intermediate with a single unpaired electron, formed by homolysis of a covalent bond.
The graph shows the radioactive decay of a bone that is found to contain 1/8 of the carbon-14 found in living animals today. Approximately how old is the bone?
However, this is predicated on the idea that the atmospheric carbon 14 content has remained constant.The answer, which is possibly 3 x 5568, is 16,704 years.
How old is the bone on average?Three half life have elapsed when a reduction is made to one eighth of existing levels (1/2 3 = 1/8).
To accommodate for fluctuations in carbon 14 concentration levels, a modification should be made.
The correction can be calculated using the graph below.
The answer, which is possibly 3 x 5568, is 16,704 years.
However, the half life of carbon 14 is actually 5730 +/- 40 years, not 5,568.
3 * 5730 = 17,190 years.
However, this is predicated on the idea that the atmospheric carbon 14 content has remained constant.
Not at all.
A adjustment should be used to account for variations in carbon 14 concentration levels.The graph below can be used to determine the adjustment.
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what is this answer can someone help
The correct description of each microscope is as follows:
Scanning electron microscope - produces a three-dimensional image (option 3)Transmission electron microscope - has a magnification of 100,000 times (option 2)Compound light microscope - has a magnification of 400 to 1,000 times (option 1)Scanning tunneling microscope - maps atoms on the surface of an object (option 4)What is a microscope?Microscope is an optical instrument used for observing relatively small objects.
Compound microscopes are light illuminated. The image seen with this type of microscope is two dimensional (2D). The compound microscope is the most commonly used as it can view individual cells, even living ones. It has high magnification. However, it has a low resolution.
Scanning electron microscope make use electron illumination. The image is seen in 3-D. It has high magnification and high resolution. The specimen is coated in gold and the electrons bounce off to give you and exterior view of the specimen.
Transmission electron microscope is also electron illuminated and gives a 2-D view. Thin slices of specimen are obtained. The electron beams pass through this. It has high magnification and high resolution.
A scanning tunneling microscope is a type of microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.
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What is the best emulsifier - soap, dishwashing liquid, shampoo?
Answer: Dishwashing liquid
Explanation: Dishwashing soap is the best emulsifier and its very affordable as well.
The best emulsifier among the following is dishwashing liquid. The correct option is b.
What is an emulsifier?
An emulsifier is a substance that contains a molecule that prefers to be in oily circumstances at one end and in a water environment at the other. Mayonnaise, for example, is an emulsifier found in egg yolks.
The majority of emulsifiers used to come from both natural and synthetic sources. Emulsifiers generally reduce lipid surface tension by aiding in the digestion of lipid molecules.
As emulsifiers, various materials could be added to the vinaigrette. They are included to help a quick and uncomplicated preparation. A nice vinaigrette recipe with better emulsifying ingredients can include: olive oil (1 part), 2 parts seasoned rice vinegar, Dijon mustard, and honey.
Therefore, the correct option is b. dishwashing liquid.
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2. A sample containing 1.80 mol of argon gas has a volume of 10.00 L. What is
the new volume of the gas, in litres, when each of the following changes occurs in
the quantity of the gas? Assume that pressure and temperature remain constant.
The changes are not cumulative. T
(a) An additional 1.80 mol of argon gas is added to the container. [ans: 20.0 L]
(b) A sample of 25.0 g of argon gas is added to the container. [ans: 13.5 LJ
(c) A hole in the container allows half of the gas to escape. [ans: 5.00 L]
3. A balloon that contains 4.80 g of carbon dioxide gas has a volume of 12.0 L. Assume
that the pressure and temperature of the balloon remain constant. What is the new
volume of the balloon if an additional 0.50 mol of CO₂ is added? [ans: 67 L]
Answer:
Hi goodmorning
The total volume of the gas is then 12.0 L + 0.806 L = 12.806 L.
To answer these questions, you can use the ideal gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas. The ideal gas law is given by the following equation:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature of the gas.
If pressure and temperature remain constant, then the volume of the gas will change inversely with the number of moles of the gas. This means that if the number of moles of the gas increases, the volume of the gas will decrease, and if the number of moles of the gas decreases, the volume of the gas will increase.
For example, in part (a), the number of moles of argon gas in the container increases by 1.80 mol, so the volume of the gas will decrease. The new volume of the gas can be calculated as follows:
V = (nRT)/P
= (1.80 mol * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)
= 4452 J
= 4.452 L
The total volume of the gas is then 10.00 L + 4.452 L = 14.452 L.
In part (b), the number of moles of argon gas in the container increases by a certain amount, which you can calculate using the molar mass of argon. The molar mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol, so the number of moles of argon in 25.0 g of argon is 25.0 g / 39.948 g/mol = 0.625 mol. The new volume of the gas can be calculated as follows:
V = (nRT)/P
= (0.625 mol * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)
= 1478.125 J
= 1.478 L
The total volume of the gas is then 10.00 L + 1.478 L = 11.478 L.
In part (c), the number of moles of argon gas in the container decreases by half, so the volume of the gas will increase. The new volume of the gas can be calculated as follows:
V = (nRT)/P
= (0.9 mol * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)
= 2463.9 J
= 2.464 L
The total volume of the gas is then 10.00 L + 2.464 L = 12.464 L.
In part (d), the number of moles of CO2 gas in the balloon increases by 0.50 mol, so the volume of the gas will decrease. The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol, so the number of moles of CO2 in 4.80 g of CO2 is 4.80 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.109 mol. The new volume of the balloon can be calculated as follows:
V = (nRT)/P
= (0.109 mol + 0.50 mol) * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)
= 806.36 J
= 0.806 L
The electronegativity is 2.1 for H and 3.0 for Cl. Based on these electronegativities, HCI would be expected to A. have polar covalent bonds with a partial positive charges on the H atoms. B. have ionic bonds and contain H+ ions. C. have nonpolar covalent bonds and contain Hions. D. have nonpolar covalent bonds with a partial negative charges on the H atoms.
Based on these electronegativities, HCI would be expected to have polar covalent bonds and contain H+ ions.
Hydrochloric acid, also referred to as muriatic acid, is HCl. It is a component of the hydrogen halides (HX) family. Due to their propensity to lose a proton in a solution.Hydrogen halides are diatomic inorganic molecules that function as Arrhenius acids. Since the X belongs to the halogen family (group 17), it can be fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. In hydrogen chloride, only 17 percent of the hydrogen atom's electron density has been transferred to the chlorine atom. It confirms that the H-Cl bond in the hydrogen chloride is a polar covalent bond, not an ionic bond.In hydrogen chloride, the chlorine atom is 127.4 x 10⁻¹² m away from the hydrogen atom, giving the compound a 1.05 D dipole moment.1 D equals 3.33 x 10⁻³⁰ C. m.The chlorine atom i will have an equal but opposite charge. e. Therefore, the value of the partial charge in the hydrogen chloride compound is 0.027 x 10⁻¹⁸ C.Mathematically,
% of ionic character = 16(Xa - XB ) + 3.5(XA - Xb )
=16(3-2.1)+3.5(3-2.1)²
= 14.4+2.835
= 17.235%
:. The nature of HCI is 17.2% ionic
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You have two beakers, one with 45.5 g of Compound A, the other with 55.5 g of Compound B. You measure the temperature of Compound A and record a value of 20.5 ºC. You mix Compound A and B together and the new temperature is recorded at 5.6 ºC. If the heat capacity of the new solution is 5.64 J/(g ºC), determine the heat exchanged (in J) in the reaction.
Please help me ASAP, thank you.
The heat change (in J) in the reaction is -8403.6 J.
What is the heat change of a reaction?The heat change of a reaction is the heat that is given off or absorbed in the reaction when product molecules are formed by reactant molecules.
In a reaction where heat is absorbed during the formation of products, the heat change is positive and the reaction is said to be endothermic.
On the other hand, in a reaction where heat is given off during the formation of products, the heat change is negative and the reaction is said to be exothermic.
The heat change of the reaction is calculated below:
Heat change = mass * heat capacity * temperature change
mass of mixture = 45. 5 + 55.5
mass of mixture = 100 g
Heat change = 100 * 5.64 * (5.6 - 20.5)
Heat change = -8403.6 J
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If 17.8 mol of Ar gas occupies 102.8 L, how many mL would occupy 64 mol occupy under the same temperature and pressure? Record your answer in scientific notation using 3 significant figures.
Hello,
I hope you and your family are doing well!
To solve this problem, you need to use the ideal gas law, which states that the product of the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas is a constant. This can be written as:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature of the gas.
Since the temperature and pressure are the same in both situations, the ratio of the volumes is equal to the ratio of the number of moles of gas:
V1/V2 = n1/n2
Plugging in the known values, we get:
V1/102.8 L = 17.8 mol/64 mol
Solving for V1, we find that the volume of 64 mol of Ar gas at the same temperature and pressure as 17.8 mol of Ar gas is:
V1 = (102.8 L) * (17.8 mol/64 mol) = 43.4 L
Since 1 liter is equal to 1000 milliliters, the volume of 64 mol of Ar gas in milliliters is:
V1 = 43.4 L * 1000 mL/L = 43,400 mL
So 64 mol of Ar gas would occupy 43,400 mL under the same temperature and pressure as 17.8 mol of Ar gas. In scientific notation with 3 significant figures, this is:
43,400 mL = 4.34 x 104 mL
This is the volume that 64 mol of Ar gas would occupy under the same temperature and pressure as 17.8 mol of Ar gas.
---
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Happy Holidays!
Explanation:
17.8 Mole = 102.8 L
1 Mole = 102.8÷17.8 L
=5.775 L
so
64 Mol occupy 64× 5.775 L
=369.6 L
we Know,
1L = 1000Ml
369.6 L =. 369.6 × 1000 ML
= 369600
= 369.6 × 10 ^3
Which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element?
K and K
19
O
19
14C and ¹4N
20Na and 20 Ne
10
39K and 40 Ca
19
20
Answer:
19K and 19 K
Explanation:
The term "isotope" refers to an atom of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. So, despite having the same atomic number (Z), isotopes have differing mass numbers (A). In other words, elements with differing atomic numbers (protons) are not isotopes.
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How many gram of CaI₂ are needed to completely precipitate the Ag⁺ ions as AgI from 75.0 mL solution of 0.300 M AgNO₃ according to the balanced chemical reaction: 2 AgNO₃(aq) + CaI₂(aq) → 2 AgI(s) + Ca(NO₃)₂(aq)
How do i start the conversions to get the answers
To solve this problem, you need to first determine how many moles of AgNO3 are present in the 75 mL of 0.300 M AgNO3 solution. This can be done by using the concentration and volume of the solution to calculate the number of moles of AgNO3 present.
First, convert the volume of the solution from milliliters to liters by dividing by 1000. This gives a volume of 0.075 L.
Next, multiply the concentration of the solution (in molarity) by the volume of the solution to calculate the number of moles of AgNO3 present. This gives a total of 0.022 moles of AgNO3.
Since the reaction ratio between AgNO3 and CaI2 is 2:1, this means that for every 2 moles of AgNO3, 1 mole of CaI2 is needed to completely precipitate the Ag+ ions as AgI. Therefore, in this case, we need 0.011 moles of CaI2 to completely precipitate the Ag+ ions.
To convert the number of moles of CaI2 to grams, we need to know the molar mass of CaI2. The molar mass of CaI2 is approximately 233.9 g/mol, so 0.011 moles of CaI2 would be equal to approximately 2.6 grams.
Therefore, to completely precipitate the Ag+ ions as AgI from 75.0 mL of 0.300 M AgNO3 solution, you would need approximately 2.6 grams of CaI2.
based on the proposed mechanism, which of the following is the rate-law expression for the destruction of o3 ?
The experimentally determined rate law for the destruction of ozone is as follows : Rate = k [O3]. A mechanism must be consistent with the experimentally determined rate law. However, this does not prove that a mechanism is correct.
A rate law shows how the rate of a chemical reaction depends on reactant concentration. For a reaction such as aA → products, the rate law generally has the form rate = k[A]ⁿ, where k is a proportionality constant called the rate constant and n is the order of the reaction with respect to A.The rate law that is consistent with the mechanism is rate = k[NO]2[O2].
Photochemical process is related to ozone formation as it is through this process radicals react with volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) and nitrogen oxides ( NOx) to form ozone.A reaction intermediate is a chemical species that is formed in one elementary step and consumed in a subsequent step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is known as the rate-determining step. The rate-determining step limits the overall rate and therefore determines the rate law for the overall reaction.
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7. Which of the following does not speed up the rate of a chemical reaction?
8. In the equation {H}_2(g)+ {O}_2(g) {H}_2 {O}, the symbol represents
Question 7
Lower air pressure (c) does not speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.
Question 8
The symbol represents equilibrium (a).
A student is given a mixture of salt and sand. Describe a method the student could use to seperate the mixture. The student should obtain salt crystals and dry sand. In your method you should name all of the apparatus you will use
Answer:
can be seperated using filtration then evaporation
Explanation:
Write the formula of the compound from its name below. Example: disilicon monoxide = Si2O.
tetrasulfur tetroxide
4.0 mol Na reacts with 2.5 mol F2 according to the equation below
2Na +F2 -> 2NaF
How many moles of NaF form from 2.5 mol F 2
A mole is defined as the quantity of a material that includes precisely of the substance's elementary entities.
How do you calculate the number of moles?The number of moles formula is expressed. The formula for molecular weight is.Number of moles = mass of substance / mass of one mole.Calculating a response rate is a rather simple process. A reaction rate must be calculated from tabulated values or discovered empirically because it is based on change over time. The reaction rate can be calculated algebraically or graphically using the data that was gathered. To translate between mass and particle count, utilise the mole idea. The term "molarity" (M) refers to the amount of solute per litre of solution. A clean 1-L volumetric flask should be partly filled with distilled or deionized water before adding 1 formula weight of the compound to create a 1 M solution.To learn more about moles refer to:
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Answer: 4
Explanation:
A balloon is filled to a volume of 1.75 L with 3.00 moles of gas at 25
°C. With pressure and temperature held constant, what will be the
volume of the balloon if 0.60 moles of gas are added?
Answer:
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present, provided that the temperature and pressure are held constant. This relationship can be expressed by the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
In this problem, the pressure and temperature are held constant, so the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas. This means that if we multiply the number of moles of gas by a certain factor, the volume will also be multiplied by that same factor.
The balloon is initially filled with 3.00 moles of gas at a volume of 1.75 L. If 0.60 moles of gas are added, the total number of moles of gas in the balloon becomes 3.00 + 0.60 = <<3+0.6=3.6>>3.6 moles.
To find the volume of the balloon after 0.60 moles of gas are added, we can multiply the initial volume of 1.75 L by the ratio of the final number of moles of gas to the initial number of moles of gas:
V = (1.75 L) * (3.6 moles / 3.00 moles) = 1.75 L * 1.20 = <<1.75*1.20=2.10>>2.10 L
Therefore, if 0.60 moles of gas are added to the balloon while the pressure and temperature are held constant, the volume of the balloon will be 2.10 L.
The Lewis structure of acetic acid is shown. Determine the bond angles of the central atoms (C, C, O) from left to right. 90°, 90° 180° 90º, 120°, 180° 109.59, 120°, 109.5° 109.59, 120, <109.59 109.5º. 109.5°, <109.5°
The correct answer is: 109.5°, 120°, 109.5°. In the Lewis structure of acetic acid, the central carbon atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, and the oxygen atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
The bond angles around the central carbon atom and oxygen atom should be approximately 109.5°, as these atoms are surrounded by four electron pairs in a tetrahedral arrangement. The bond angle around the central carbon atom will be slightly less than 109.5° due to the presence of the double bond to the oxygen atom, which introduces some degree of angle strain. The bond angle around the oxygen atom will also be slightly less than 109.5° due to the presence of the two hydrogen atoms, which are slightly larger than the electrons and will push the bond angles outward.
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for
14. Ammonium carbonate is a white solid that decomposes with warming. It has many uses,
example, as a component in baking powder, fire extinguishers, and smelling salts.
(a) How many formula units are in 41.6 g of ammonium carbonate?
(b) How many O atoms are in this sample?
There are 2.61 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] for ammonium carbonate and 7.83 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] O atoms in the sample.
What is molar mass?
The term "molar mass" refers to the mass in grams of one mole of a substance. The molar mass of each element is distinct. For instance, magnesium has a molar mass of 24.3050 g/mol and carbon has a molar mass of 12.011 g/mol. To understand why these elements have various molar masses.
Given:
1)The formula of Ammonium carbonate is (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex].
So, Molar mass = (2 x 14.01 g/mol N) + (8 x 1.008 g/mol H + (12.01 g/mol C) + (3 x 16.00 g/mol O)
= 96.09 g/mol
41.6 g (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex] x 2.61 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] formula units (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex]
=2.61 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex].
2)61x[tex]10^{23}[/tex] formula units (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex] x1 formula unit of (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex]
= 7.83 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex]O atom.
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How does the number of methane molecules (CH4) compare to the number of carbon dioxide molecules (CO2)?
____________ Why? _________________
Answer:
The number of methane molecules (CH4) is equal to the number of carbon dioxide molecules (CO2),
Explanation:
Avogadro's number, number of units in one mole of any substance (defined as its molecular weight in grams), equal to 6.02214076 × 10^23. The units may be electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules, depending on the nature of the substance and the character of the reaction (if any).
Therefore, the number of methane molecules (CH4) is equal to the number of carbon dioxide molecules (CO2), which is 6.02214076 × 10^23
You have a bottle of 0.15 M H2CO3
a. Write the name of the compound ________________
b. If the compound is completely dissociated, what is the concentration of H+ in the
solution??
c. Assuming complete dissociation, what is [CO32-]?
a. A compound of the elements hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, carbonic acid, (H2CO3).
b. In lucidity:
The first stage alone never entirely ionizes carbonic acid (H2CO3).
It splits into H+ and HCO3- ions in part.
It has a low dissociation constant because to its partial dissociation, making it a weak acid.
H2CO3 = H + (+) H CO3-
H+ (+) (CO3)2- = HCO3-
On the product side of these equilibrium processes, [H+] rises. Therefore, according to the Le Chatlier principle, the reaction has a tendency to proceed backward, which prevents the acid from entirely dissociating. Carbonic acid is a weak acid as a result.
c. A polyatomic ion having the formula CO3 is called a carbonate ion (2-). A carbon oxoanion is carbonate. It is a hydrogencarbonate's conjugate base.
[CO3 -2] = K2 [HCO3-] / [H+], where K2 is the second dissociation constant for carbonic acid, is the equation for carbonate concentration.
what is Carbonic Acid?
The chemical compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen is known as carbonic acid (H2CO3). It is created in trace amounts when carbon dioxide (CO2), its anhydride, dissolves in water.
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3.
Simple CO2 molecules that are lightly hydrated are the main species. It is possible to think of carbonic acid as a diprotic acid from which two groups of salts can be produced: hydrogen carbonates, which include HCO3, and carbonates, which contain CO32.
H3O+ + HCO3 = H2CO3 + H2O
H2O+ + CO32 = HCO3 + H2O
However, the varying speeds of certain of the relevant processes as well as their dependency on the system's pH play a role in the acid-base behavior of carbonic acid. For instance, the main reactions and their corresponding relative speeds at a pH lower than 8 are as follows:
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 (slow)
HCO3 + H2O + H2CO3 + OH (fast)
The following reactions are significant above pH 10:
HCO3 = CO2 + OH (slow)
CO32 + H2O + HCO3 + OH (fast)
All of the aforementioned equilibrium reactions are significant between pH levels of 8 and 10.
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The name of the given compound is carbonic acid. It is weak acid which does not dissociate completely.
What is carbonic acid and how does it dissociate?The inorganic substance carbonic acid has the chemical formula H2CO3. Contrary to popular assumption, the molecule is quite stable at room temperature in the absence of water, when it quickly breaks down into water and carbon dioxide.
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3
The predominant species consists of simple, weakly hydrated CO2 molecules. It is feasible to think of carbonic acid like a diprotic acid from which two categories of salts can be created: carbonates, which contain CO32, and hydrogen carbonates, which include HCO3.
[tex]H_{3}O^{+} + HCO_{3} = H_{2} CO_{3} + H_{2}O[/tex]
[tex]H_{2}O^{+} + (CO_{3}) _{2} = HCO_{3} + H_{2}O[/tex]
To answer the given questions-
a) The name of the compound [tex]H_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] is carbonic acid.
b) Carbonic acid is never completely ionized in the first stage alone. It partially separates into H+ and HCO3- ions. Due to its partial dissociation, it has a low dissociation constant, which makes it a weak acid.
[tex]H_{2}CO_{3} = H^{+} + HCO_{3} ^{-}[/tex]
[tex]H^{+} + (CO_{3}) ^{2-} = HCO_{3} ^{-}[/tex]
[H+] increases on the product side of these equilibrium processes. In light of this, the Le Chatlier principle states that the reaction has a propensity to go backward, preventing the acid from completely dissociating. Therefore, carbonic acid can be said as a weak acid.
c) [tex]CO_{3} ^{2-}[/tex] is the carbonate ion. It is the most basic oxocarbon anion that breaks down when heated and is often insoluble in water.
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We are reacting two molecules of nitrogen gas with six molecules of hydrogen gas to form ammonia, NH3. How many molecules of each type of gas will be present once the reaction has completed?
_ molecules hydrogen gas
_ molecules nitrogen gas
_ molecules ammonia gas
After the reaction the molecules of hydrogen and nitrogen are not left, only ammonia is 4 left.
What is molecules?
Even the smallest particle of a substance contains all of its physical and chemical properties. One or more atoms build up molecules.
What is reaction?
During a chemical reaction, one or more chemicals, sometimes referred to as "reactants," are transformed into one or more new compounds, sometimes referred to as "products." Both chemical components and elements are substances.
nitrogen gas = N2(g) --> 2 molecules 2N2(g)
hydrogen gas = H(g) --> 6 molecules 6H2(g)
ratio is;
N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3
assume 100% reaction so
2 molecules of N2 react to form 2*2 = 4 molecules of NH3
6 molecules of H2 react to form = the same 4 molecules of NH3
so
molecules of H2 left = 6-6 = 0 left
molecules of N2 left = 2-2 = 0 left
molecules of NH3 formed = 0 + 4 = 4 molecules of NH3 left.
Therefore, after the reaction the molecules of hydrogen and nitrogen are not left, only ammonia is 4 left.
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How much energy is required to heat 100g of ice at -10°C to steam at 110°C?
The total heat that is required is 303.33 kJ to convert the ice to steam at 110°C.
What is the heat that is required?We know that a substance can be heated and as the compound is heated, the temperature of the substance would be raised. Now we are told to find the energy is required to heat 100g of ice at -10°C to steam at 110°C.
Energy required to raise the temperature of the ice to melting point;
H = mcdT
m = mass of the ice
c = specific heat capacity
dT = temperature change
H = 100 * 2.03 * (0 - (-10))
H = 2030 J
The latent heat of fusion of the ice;
H = 100 * 336
H = 33600 J
The heat required to raise the temperature of the water to boiling point;
H = mcdT
H = 100 * 4.18 * (100 - 0)
H = 41800 J
Latent heat of vaporization of water;
H = 100 * 2240
= 224000 J
Heat required to raise the temperature to 110°C
H = 100 * 1.9 * (110 - 100)
= 1900 J
Total heat required = 2030 J + 33600 J + 41800 J + 224000 J + 1900 J
= 303.33 kJ
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Consider the combustion reaction for octane (C8H18), which is a primary component of gasoline. 2C8H18+25O2⟶16CO2+18H2O How many moles of CO2 are emitted into the atmosphere when 18.1 g C8H18 is burned?
Answer:
1.268 mol CO2
Explanation:
1. Convert 18.1 g C8H18 to moles.
Divide 18.1 g by C8H18's molar mass. C8H18 has a molar mass of (8 x 12.0107) + (18 x 1.008) because there are 8 carbon atoms (which each have a molar mass of 12.0107 g/mol) and 18 hydrogen atoms (which each have a molar mass of 1.008 g/mol).
Molar mass of C8H18: (8 x 12.0107) + (18 x 1.008) = 114.23 g
18.1 g/114.23 g = 0.1585 mol
2. Use the balanced equation to find moles of CO2.
Multiply 0.1585 mol C8H18 by the ratio of moles from the balanced equation. For every 2 moles of C8H18, there are 16 moles of CO2. You can divide moles of C8H18 by 2, its coefficient, and multiply by 16, CO2's coefficient.
0.1585 x 16/2 = 1.268 mol CO2
The substances sodium (Na), oxygen (O2), and sodium oxide (Na2O) participate in this chemical reaction: 4Na + O2 ? 2Na2O. Which statement best describes the reaction? A. Elements rearrange, but no compounds are created or destroyed. B. Sodium oxide is created by the chemical reaction. C. Atoms from sodium oxide rearrange to form sodium and oxygen. D. In a mixture of the three substances, sodium oxide separates from the sodium and oxygen.
The substances' sodium (Na), oxygen (O2), and sodium oxide (Na2O) participate in this chemical reaction. 4Na + O2 = 2Na2O is the reaction between Na and O2. The suitable sentence is Sodium oxide is created by the chemical reaction.
What is chemical reaction ?A chemical reaction is a process that converts one or more substances, known as reactants, into one or more different substances, known as products. Chemical elements or compounds are examples of substances.
Because Na and O are not balanced, the balanced equation by hit and trial will be: 4Na+O2Na2O.
A chemical reaction occurs when two or more compounds or substances undergo chemical transformation to form new compounds or substances. Chemical equations express chemical reactions using symbols and chemical formulas of the compounds involved.
Thus, option B is correct.
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The concentration of particles (assume neutral hydrogen atoms) in interstellar gas is 1.0 particle/cm3, and the average temperature is about 20 K .
1. What is the pressure of the interstellar gas? (please give units)
2. How does it compare to the best vacuum that can be achieved on Earth (10−15atm)?
(Muliple Choice - choose A, B or C)
A. This is much greater than the minimum value for the best vacuum.
B. This is much smaller than the minimum value for the best vacuum.
C. This is equal to the minimum value for the best vacuum.
The pressure of the interstellar gas is 2.7*[tex]10^{-12}[/tex] atm by using ideal gas equation.
This is much smaller than the minimum value for the best vacuum.
Ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT----------(1)
Given,
V = [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m3
n = 1/NA ; NA = avegadro number = 6.022*[tex]10^{24}[/tex]
n = 1.66*[tex]10^{-24}[/tex]
R = 8.314 J/K/mole
T = 20K
putting in (1), we get
P = 1.66*[tex]10^{-24}[/tex]*8.314*20 /[tex]10^{-6}[/tex]
P = 2.76*[tex]10^{-6}[/tex] pascal [1 atm = 101325 Pa]
P = 2.76*[tex]10^{-6}[/tex]/101325 atm
P = 2.7*[tex]10^{-12}[/tex] atm
hence, the correct option is B.
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What volume of the product ammonia NH3 will be formed if 2.2 Moles of nitrogen gas reacts with 6.0 moles of hydrogen gas at stp? N2 + 3H2 --? 2NH3 a. 75.3L b. 82.5L c. 93,4 L d 89.6L
The volume of ammonia produced at STP will be 98.56 L
What is STP?Standard temperature and pressure are a standard set of experimental measurement conditions that must be established to allow comparison between different data sets. At STP, 1 mole of any gas (6.023 × 10²³ representative particles) occupies a volume of 22.4 L.
N₂ + 3H₂ ⇄ 2NH₃
The mole ratio of N₂ and NH₃ is 1:2. So the moles of NH₃ will be:
Moles of NH₃ = 2 × 2.2
= 4.4 moles
At STP, 1 mole occupy 22.4 L of volume.
Volume occupied by 4.4 moles of NH₃:
= 4.4 × 22.4
= 98.56 L
Thus, the volume of ammonia formed will be 98.56 L
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6. The burning of fossil fuels contributes to which of the following?
a. Mechanical weathering
b. Lower levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
c. Acid rain
d. Deposition of sediments
The burning of fossil fuels contributes to acid rain (option C).
What is acid rain?Acid rain is rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6) caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide and nitrogen compounds.
Fossil fuels are fuel derived from hydrocarbon deposits such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and, to some extent, peat.
These fuels are non-renewable, and their burning generates the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.
Therefore, burning of fossil fuels lead to the formation of acid rain.
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